:

- :
. :
:

:
e.mail : mahrosa@ mahrosa.com
:

/ :
---- :

.

-

..

..

.

:
.



:

!

.
:

"


"

" "

.


.

.
.

.

" "

.
.

.
.


.

- -
.

.



.
.



.
. .
..

.

.

"
-
" -
.


.

.

.




.




.


- -

.



.

) (



.





:
"


" .


.

.




.
.

" "
.

.
" "

.




.

/ .



.

- -
.
.
:

.
.

-
.

.


.





.


.

(
)

(
)

.


.

.


.
. -
-

(



.
.



..

)
.

(
.

.


.

..
.


.

.
:

-

-
.

.








.
:



.

!(.
)

.


.

.


.

.





.

-

- .

.




.

.



.


. .
- -


:




.

-

-

-
-

.
.

(
)

.







.

.

) (.

.

.

.
.

) (

-

.

- :

.


.



.


.

.

.

.
) (

.




.


.

- -

.

)( :

.


)


( .

.

.


- .

) (

.
.

.


.
.

.
.

.
-

.
.


.




.
.

.

.

.
.

.

.


.
:

.





.




/

.


-
.
.

-
.
: -

.


.

-

.




.

.

.
.

. "" )

(
.







.

" "


.

...

(
)
.

.



.

.


)
.

.

.
.

)(

.

" .

"


.




"

"

"

"

" "Socialism
.

.
"" " "The free

" " "Free Officers

"
.

"
"
"".


"

"

""

" " ""secularism

" " ""Capitalism

" "civic

" "

"".

"

"
"".
""

"


"

.
.



.

.

"
"
" "



.

.

.

.




:
.

)



(


.

"

" .

.




.

. :



:

" "

.

.

)




(

.
:

)(-

.







.

.
.
.

.



.

"
.
"

.



:

""

" )(
"

.

.






.

- -



.

.







- -

.






.

.




) (1789

- -

.



(

.



) (

- -

-

- .

.
-

.
-

%
%

- .




.












.


.

.
.


.

-

.



.



.

.crowd democracy

)( )(Crowd Democracy

)


( -

) (

: ).(Power of Influence to Influence Power






:

.
) (power



) .(influence





(
)


- .











) (representative democracy

!




!


.

..(


.

.

.

...

.





) (collective mind ) (connected mind
.



: ) (Wisdom of the Crowds

-

).(Crowd Psychology or Mob Psychology



.

-
.

) (







.




-

- .



.

)(Social Media is Power

.

- - .
.
-

.
.





.


.
End of Power

-
-

-

) (Occupy Movement



.

) (Lobbies
.

)(People or crowds became self-aware of their collective power

.. .

.




.

.



:

.



.

.
.

.


...

..

: -

!

.

.


- - .

.




) (

. - -.

..



:

.



.

:

.

:
.

.



.

.










.

MENA

)(

.







.

.







.

.









.
:

.

)(1

.
)(1

.





.

.

: !
:


!

!

:

.

.

. .






..

.
..

.



.

.
.. ! :

.

.





.

.






:
.

.
.
) (

.

: -

!!

.















.


.







.

. .

.
:

.

.
.

. .




.













.


.

.
.




.



.

!

..

) (dmocratique mcanicisme
) (humanisme


.

.
.

.

.




.

)*(

.

.



.

.

.

.



.
)*(

.


.


.

.

.

.



- :

) (

) (1 .

.
:

.
:

:
.

.










.

. :

.

.



:


.

.



- :

.











.

.


.

.
- :

:

:
.









.

.
) (1 .
) (2 .
) (3 - .
: :

:
.- .
.- .

.

.

.
.

:
.

.

.

) (Tradition

.



:

) (1 :
.

.



.

.





.

.

) (1 .
) (2
.- .

.
- :

:
.

.
.

.


.
.

.


.

.
.

.



.

.
.



.

.

.



.

.
.

.


.

.
.

.
.



.

.
.

.


.
.

.





.
.


.

.

.



.

.
.
.

.

.


.

.





.




.

.

)-

(


-

.





) (-

.

.






) (-
.

.




.

" "

.

.

.








.

.






.

.
- - .

"
( "

.
:
) (

.









) ( .

.


.

/

( .
)

.





.

.








:

.

.

.

.

( "

"

" "

.

.

.
-

.
-

.


.

. /






.

(
)

.
.

:
.

.
.



.

.

/

.

"

"

.









.
.



.

.


.

.


.

.

.

/
" " .

.






".
"



.

.




.

.
.

.


.

.
"
".

. :

"

.
"

:




:

.






.

) (

.





.

. - -

""
.



"" "

" " " "

" "
" " " "

" "
" " " "
" .
.
.

.
.

.
.

.





.
.

:"
/ "
"

www.cairn.info/revue-la-pensee-de-midi- :
2006-3-page-29.htm
/ "
"
Batrice Hibou, Le libralisme rformiste, ou comment
perptuer l"tatisme tunisien L"Economie politique n 032
- octobre 2006

.











!!

!!!
.

.





.

.. !


!
!
.
:

..
!!


.
)
(

.

.

.

.






.
..

.








.

.











.

.

:

..

..

) (



.

.
%
%

.






.

.



.

.





.

)

(

:

.

. :



.

.
.

.

.
:

.




:

-
- .





.
.

-


.









-

-
.

-
-

-
.

.


.

.










.

.


. :
!

- .

.



.


.
- - .

.



.

:

- -
.





.


. .
.

.







.




.



.

.
.

.

.

.


) (

-
-









.

.











.

- -


.

.



.

.




.
:

.



.




.

.


.


.

.
. /
.
.

.



.

.


.

!
.
:

)(


)(

) .(

) .(

).(

.
:

)(

)(

).(

)(


.

) (1

(4)
(2)

(3)

)(
(5) .

) (

) (

) (

)(
.

) (

)(

:

)(
/ .

(). %

(). %
)(
. ) (
).(

) (
%

) .(



%

%
%
%

.
.

.
:

)(
.

.
.

)(

)(
.

) (
.

) (

% .



)(

).(

)(

)(
.

.

.
)

( .

.
) ( ) (

) (
.

.
) (

.




.

.


) (

)(
.

)(
.
:

.


)(

.




)(

).(

)(



.


) ( .

.




.

(
)
.
:

1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

13.

14.
15.

16.

Joff, Goerge. The Arab Spring in North Africa: origins and

prospects. The Journal of North African Studies. Vol. 16,
Iss. 4, 2011
1
Special Report: The Arab Spring, The Economist, 2013
1
Goldman, David P. Economic Blunders Behind the Arab
Revolutions, Wall Street Journal, 2013
1
Johnstone, Sarah & Mazo, Jeffery. Global Warming and The
Arab Spring. Survival. Vol. 53, Iss. 2, 2011
1
De Sterck, Hans and Lang, John. The Arab Spring: A simple
Compartmental Model for the Dynamics of a Revolution, 2013
1
Alfred. Principles of Economics (London: Macmillan, 1890;
eighth edition, reset and reprinted, 1949), p. 8.
1
Friedman, M. and. Friedman, R, Free to Choose (London:
Seker & Warburg, 1980), p.3.
1
Gwartney, James and Lawson, Robert et al. Economic
Freedom of the World: 1996, Annual Report
1
Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. 1999
1
Ibid,p10.
1
Ibid,p11.
1
Arab Human Development Report 2002, Creating
Opportunities for Future Generations, UNDP page 26,
http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/ahdr/ahdr2002e.pdf
1
AHDR 2002 only mentioned freedom as a deficit; however, in
the preface of the AHDR 2004 which focused on freedom, the
concept of good governance was immediately joined with
freedom, thereby emphasizing the significance of governance
in addition to freedom.
1
Richards, A. et al. A Political Economy of the Middle East,
Westview Press, 2013, p.98.
1
Arab Human Development Report 2009, Challenges to
Human Security in the Arab Countries, UNDP
p.36.http://www.arabhdr.org/publications/other/ahdr/ahdr2009e.pdf
1
Arab Human Development Report 2009, Challenges to
Human Security in the Arab Countries, UNDP, p.37.
http://www.arab-hdr.org/publications/other/ahdr/ahdr2009e.pdf


17.
18.

19.

20.

21.
22.
23.

24.

25.

26.
27.

Arab Human Development Report 2005, Towards the Rise of

Women in the Arab World, UNDP, p. 29. http://www.arabhdr.org/publications/other/ahdr/ahdr2005e.pdf
1
The Arab Opinion Project: The Arab Opinion Index, Published
by the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies
http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/5083cf8e-38f8-4e4a8bc5-fc91660608b0
1
Abouzeid, Rania. Bouazizi: The Man Who Set Himself and
Tunisia on Fire, Time Magazine
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2044723,00.
html
1
The Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index measures
and ranks countries according to the degree of economic
freedom present in five major areas in the country: Size of
Government (Expenditures, Taxes, and Enterprises); Legal
Structure and Security of Property Rights; Access to Sound
Money; Freedom to Trade Internationally; Regulation of
Credit, Labor, and Business. Within these areas, 21
components are incorporated into the overall index. Many of
the components are themselves made up of several subcomponents.
1
Chauffour, Jean-Pierre. "Freedom, Entitlement, and the Path
to Development," World Bank - Economic Premise, The World
Bank, issue 59, pages 1-5, June 2011
1
Sen, Amartya. Freedom of Choice: Concept and Content.
WP25 August 1987, p. 13.
1
See for example: Chauffour, Jean-Pierre. 2009. The Power of
Freedom: Uniting Human Rights and Development.
Washington, DC: Cato Institute; and Chauffour, Jean-Pierre.
2011. On the Relevance of Freedom and Entitlement in
Development: New Empirical Evidence (19752007). Policy
Research Working Paper 5660, World Bank, Washington, DC.
1
Abdullah, Abdulkhaleq. Repercussions of the Arab Spring on
the GCC States, Doha Institute, May 17 2012,
http://english.dohainstitute.org/release/050a254b-e013-40609aab-32238f34cf47
1
See Mansur, Yusuf. Arab renaissance and Economic
Freedom, Bridging the Gap, An Arab-European Dialogue on
the basics of Liberalism, Edited by Ronald Meinardus, Al
Mahrousa for Publishing, Cairo, Egypt; and Mansur, Yusuf.
Did the Arab Spring Benefit Economic Freedom in Jordan,
1
Currently serving a three year sentence in Egypt.
1
Jordan: Hurdles to Implementing Competition Policy in
Jordan Mediterranean Competition Bulletin / Bulletin

28.
29.

30.
31.

32.

33.
34.

35.

36.

Mditerranen De Concurrence, European Commission,

October 2009.
1
Springborg, Robert. The Precarious Economics of Arab
Springs. Survival. Vol. 53, Iss. 6, 2011
1
Nugent, Jeffery. (2001) Explaining the Paradox: Generous
Foreign Investment Laws but Little Foreign Investment in Arab
Countries-The Role of Legal Shortcomings. University of
Southern California.
1
Mansur, Yusuf. Overcoming Barriers to FDI in Jordan,
Working Paper, The Fraser Institute, Fraser
Institute/International Research Foundation Publications. 2008.
1
The Orphans of Globalization?" Global Compact International
Year Book 2011, The Evian Group, IMD
http://www.imd.org/research/centers/eviangroup/upload/Lehma
nn_GCYB_2011_Arab Spring.pdf
1
Commission on Growth and Development. 2008. The Growth
Report: Strategies for Sustained Growth and Inclusive
Development.Washington, DC: World Bank.
http://www.growthcommission.org/index.php.
1
Easterly, William. 2001. The Elusive Quest for Growth:
Economists Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics.
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
1
North, Douglass C., and Robert P. Thomas. 1973. The Rise
of the Western World: A New Economic History. London:
Cambridge University Press. Also , see Rodrik, Dani. 2000.
Institutions for High-Quality Growth: What They Are and How
to Acquire Them. Working Paper 7540, National Bureau of
Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
1
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson.
2004. Institutions as the Fundamental Cause of Long-Run
Growth. Working Paper 10481, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Cambridge, MA.
1
Acemoglu, Daron and James Robinson. Why Nations Fail:,
The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, Crown Business
2012.

) (

)(

.
) (Liberal International - LI
.

.

.
:

.

) (
).(LI

.
-
-
.
:

: .





.

-
-

.
.
-

) (PartiSocial Liberal PSL

.


.
) (LI
.
.
) (IFLRY .


) .(LI


.
.

) .(IFLRY

.

)
(.

) (PSL

.
.
.
: . .
.
.
.
:
.
) (PSL
- -
. :
) (LI :

) (Socialist International
) (RCD
.



.

.

.
) (LI



. -

- ) (LI :
.

.
.
-
-

) (LI
- .
:

)
(LI
) (LI
-
- .
.

) (LI
. ) (LI

.
) (LI


. -
)(LI
-
.

.
Lord John Alderdice
- Annemie Neyts
. Lord
Alderice


-

. ) (LI

.LI
Lord Alderdice
. )(LI
:

.
- ) - (

.


- -


.
:

)(ALMENA
) (NAL

).(AAFD


.

.
) (LI


. -
-
).(LI

).(LI

- -
.


) (LI .

.
) (LI

.

.

:

.
) (LI .
. Padaraig
O'Malley
.

IFLRY

. ) (LI

.
- -


.
.



.

.


.

Hans Van Baalen

.Baalen

. Hans Van Baalen ) (LI
. ) (LI
.

.
) (LI

.


.


SILC

.
.
) (LI .
) (LI

-
-
.
.

-
.
.

) (LI

.
:

.

.
.
.
.
.

) (LI

- -
.



.
) (LI

.

.

. )(LI
.



) (LI ) (AAFD
.

- -

) .(LI

.


.
.

.

.
:

. :

.


.


.

. .
.

"

"

"

" ALDE

(

)

.

.
.








.
) (ALDE

.






.


/

.



.




: .
.

:




arietje Schaake "

"ALDE -








Guy Verhofstad



"
"ALDE -

/


.

. "

"ALDE -

.




.

/

"

"ALDE -

"

" Guy


Verhofstadt



.

:

"
-

"ALDE





" "

.

" "

.

.

. /

/ .

/
/ . /

/.
.


)


(

.

"
/

"ALDE -

.

.


:

"

"ALDE -

"

"ALDE - / .

" -
"ALDE

"

"ALDE -

"
-

.
"ALDE

. "

"ALDE -

"
"ALDE -

"

".

-
-
.

" : )
"
(
" -
"

-
""

.

(
)
.

- -

. "

"

.

" " .

" "

...

"" .




.

.
.

.
.

"" .
.

" "

: .

.
%





.


.


:

.

.

.



:

"

"ALDE -

.


"
"

" .
"

"
"





.

( ) (
) ( )

( ) (
)
(
( )
)
(
( )
(.
)
/

.

: /

"
.

"

"
-

"ALDE
.

/

.

.




"

."ALDE -



"

"ALDE -

.



"
"ALDE -



:

.




.


.

" .
"
" " "
"
.





.


.
:

"


" .

"
-

Guy
"ALDE

"

Verhofstadt

"ALDE -

.
.

"
.

"

.

.

"

"ALDE -

"

"ALDE -

" " .
"" . - -
.

.



.
.

.


.
"
"

.



.

.

- -

.
.

.


.




-

-

.





.

.


.

.

.


"
"

- -

-
-

.

- -

.
" "

.

- -

" " .
.


.

.

- "

"
-

"

" .

"

" )

( "
"

".
"



"
".

".
"

. "" .

.




)



-
( -
.

.

"
"

"
".




-

.

.

- -

.




.

.

.

.










.

.
.

.



.



.

.


.
.

.
- -

:
.

""

.
"".


.


- -

.

.

.


.

.

.

" "
. "
"


.

" "

.
" " " "
" " " " "
" .
" "
" " .

.

"" " "

" " "" ""
"" "
" " " "" .


. /
"" " " .


. /

.

" " .

.

.

.

.


.

" "

. "
"
.
"" "" "" " ".


.

.
/
.
. /
"" .

.

" "

.


.

.
.

.


.

.

) (
.
""
"" "" .

. -

""
. "
: ".

.
" " .


. .
.

.

.

:
. :
)( :
. )( :
) (
. )( :


. :
)( :

. :
)( :

. )( :
) (
. )( :

:
http://www.fnst-egypt.org/Publications.html