International Journal of Phytopharmacy Review Article

Vol. 2 (4), pp.91-97, Jul-Au 2!12

"#cholar #cience Journal$
DISTRIBUTION AND ANCIENT-RECENT MEDICINAL USES OF
TRICHOSANTHES SPECIES
Saboo Shweta S
1
Thorat Priyanka
1
, Tapadiya Ganesh G
2
, Khadabadi S S
1
1
Department of Pharmacognosy, Govt. College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, India
2
. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical !ducation " esearch, #hirpur, India
Corre!"o#$i#% A&thor: shweta.saboo1@gmail.com
Ab!tract
ndia, with its great biodi!ersity abo"t 1#$ o"t o% the 2&,&&& medicinal plants o% the world, has a
tremendo"s potential and ad!antage in the emerging %ield o% herbal medicines. 'edicinal plants are
the main so"rces o% chemical s"bstances with potential therape"tic e%%ects. ( lot o% compo"nds were
characteri)ed %rom plants which are now "sing in the treatment o% many diseases. The "se o%
medicinal plants %or the treatment o% many diseases is associated with %olk medicine %rom di%%erent
parts o% the world. *at"rally occ"rring compo"nds %rom plants, %"ngi and microbes are still "sed in
pharmace"tical preparations in p"re or e+tracted %orms abo"t three h"ndred species are "sed by ,-&&
medicinal dr"g man"%act"ring "nits in ndia which cons"me abo"t 2&&& tons o% herbs ann"ally. There
are estimated to be more than ,1,,.1/ registered practitioners o% (y"r!eda, Siddha, 0nani and
1omeopathy in ndia in the recent years, the growing demand %or herbal prod"cts has led to the
e+tinction o% many important herbs beca"se the dr"gs ha!e no or !ery less side e%%ect. n many "se%"l
plants species one is $richosanthes species is a little2e+ploited species with immense medicinal
potential. 3onsidering its importance, research is necessitated to e+plore the potential o% this species.
'e(wor$!) $richosanthes cucumerina, $richosanthes %irilo&ii, $richosanthes villosa, $richosanthes
tricuspidata, medicinal plant, trichosanthin
1. I#tro$&ctio#
4(ccording to the 516, herbal medicine is the most l"crati!e type o% traditional medicine which
generates billions o% dollars in terms o% re!en"e ann"ally. The 516 states that, traditional medicine
can treat !ario"s in%ectio"s and chronic conditions: new anti2malarial dr"gs were de!eloped %rom the
disco!ery o% chinchona, a plant "sed in 3hina %or almost 2&&& years7
1.
t is estimated that at least 2#$ o% all modern medicines are deri!ed, either directly or indirectly, %rom
medicinal plants, primarily thro"gh the application o% modern technology to traditional knowledge
2
.
The demand o% medicinal plants is increasing day by day in both de!eloping as well as de!eloped
co"ntries as a res"lt o% recognition o% the non2narcotic nat"re, lack o% side e%%ects and easily
a!ailability o% many herbal dr"gs. 'ost o%ten the medicinal plants are collected %rom the wild. The
therape"tic potential o% !ario"s herbal plants ha!e need to be e+plore %or its medicinal "se. n this
present paper we ha!e attempted to brie%ly s"mmari)e the in%ormation a!ailable on the potency o%
$richosanthes species beca"se o% its immense medicinal potential
.
.
*+ Pre!e#t !tat&! o, herb! i# -ar.et
8etween ,&$ and /#$ o% citi)ens in a ma9ority o% de!eloping co"ntries, especially those in (sia,
(%rica, :atin (merica and the 'iddle ;ast, "se traditional medicine, incl"ding traditional and herbal
medicines %or the management o% health and as primary health care to address their health2care needs.
n some ind"striali)ed nations, "se o% traditional medication is e<"ally signi%icant= 3anada, >rance,
Germany and taly %or instance, report that between ,&$ and /&$ o% their pop"lations ha!e "sed
traditional medicines "nder the titles 4complementary7, 4alternati!e7, or 4noncon!entional7
2
.

(
s"r!ey completed by 516?s @oll 8ack 'alaria programme showed that in Ghana, 'ali, *igeria and
Aambia, aro"nd B&$ o% all %ebrile cases in children, pres"mably d"e to malaria, are treated at home
with herbal medicine. n%ormation compiled by 0*(CS re!ealed that appro+imately two thirds o%
IJPP VOL 2 ISSUE 4
Saboo et alD2&12 92
1ED(CS patients in a !ariety o% de!eloping co"ntries seek symptomatic relie% and manage
opport"nistic in%ections thro"gh the "se o% traditional medicines . n 8ra)il, a reported -/$ o% patients
diagnosed with cancer "se T' Traditional medicines prod"cts to treat their conditions. There is
growing acceptance that traditional medicines are appropriate and e%%ecti!e in treatment or control o%
certain diseases
2
.
'edicinal plants play a !ital role %or the de!elopment o% new dr"gs. (lmost ,&$ modern medicines
in ndia are deri!ed %rom nat"ral prod"cts. 'edicinal plants play a central role not only as traditional
medicines b"t also as trade commodities, meeting the demand o% distant markets. ndia has a !ery
small share F1.B$G o% this e!er2growing global market. To compete with the growing market, there is
"rgency to e+peditio"sly "tili)e and scienti%ically !alidate more medicinally "se%"l plants
H
.
ndia is a !ast repository o% medicinal plants that are "sed in traditional medical treatments. The
!ario"s indigeno"s systems s"ch as Siddha, (y"r!eda, 0nani and (llopathy "se se!eral plant species
to treat di%%erent ailments. The "ses o% herbal medicine become pop"lar d"e to the to+icity and side
e%%ects o% allopathic medicines. This led to s"dden increase in the n"mber o% herbal dr"g
man"%act"res. Plants are important so"rces o% medicines and presently abo"t 2#$ o% pharmace"tical
prescriptions in the 0nited States contain at least one plant2deri!ed ingredient. n the last cent"ry,
ro"ghly 121 pharmace"tical prod"cts were %orm"lated based on the traditional knowledge obtained
%rom !ario"s so"rces. 'edicinal plants play an important role in the de!elopment o% potent
therape"tic agents. C"ring 1/#&21/,& appro+imately 1&& plants based new dr"gs were introd"ced in
the 0S( dr"g market incl"ding deserpidine, reseinnamine, reserpine, !inblastine and !incristine
which are deri!ed %rom higher plants
H
.
/+ Mor"holo%ical !t&$( of Trichosanthes !"ecie!
3.1 Trichosanthes cucumerina: t is a tropical or s"btropical !ine, raised %or its strikingly long %r"it,
"sed as a !egetable, medicine and a lesser known "se in cra%ting didgeridoos. 3ommon names incl"de
snake go"rd F!ar. anguinaG, serpent go"rd, chichinga, and padwal. t is also known as chichindo in
*epali >ormerly, the c"lti!ated %orm was considered a distinct species, b"t it is nowadays regarded as
mere !ariety o% the wild ancestor, as they %reely interbreed $richosanthes cucumerina !ar. anguina
F:.G 1ainesIc"lti!ated !ariant. $richosanthes cucumerina !ar. Cucumerina'wild !ariant
#
.
3.2 Trichosanthes dioica: t is also known as the pointed go"rd, parwalDpar!al Fin 1indiG and JParorJ
in 'aithili. 3ollo<"ially, in ndia, it is o%ten called green potato. t is widely c"lti!ated in the eastern
part o% the ndia, partic"larly in 6rissa, (ssam, 8ihar. t is a good so"rce o% carbohydrates, !itamin (,
and !itamin 3. t also contains trace elements Fmagnesi"m, potassi"m, copper, s"lph"r, and chlorineG
which are needed in small <"antities, %or playing essential roles in h"man physiology. t is employed
as an ingredients o% so"p, stew, c"rry, sweet, or eaten %ried and as potoler dorma or dolma FdolmaG
with %ish, roe or meat st"%%ing
B
.
3.3 Trichosanthes kiriloii: t is a %lowering plant %rom the %amily o% 3"c"rbitaceae %o"nd
partic"larly in 1enan, Shandong, 1ebei, Shan+i, and Shaan+i. t is one o% the #& %"ndamental herbs
"sed in traditional 3hinese medicine, where it shares the name gualou with the related $. rosthornii. t
is known as 3hinese c"c"mber in ;nglish
,
.
3.1 Trichosanthes tricus!idata) t known as $. palmate @o+b., $. bracteata :amb., $. pubera 8l"me
or (odeccca bracteata, belongs to the %amily 3"c"rbitaceae. n 1indi it is known as )al Indrayan= in
;nglish, @edball snakego"rd= in 'alaya, *alayar= in 'arathi, *aundal= in Tel"g", Avuduta= in Thai,
*he' *a' Daeng and in *epal, Indreni
-
.
/+0 C&c&rbitaceae ,a-il() The %amily 3"c"rbitaceae F!ine crops G consists o% !ario"s s<"ashes,
melons, and go"rds, incl"ding crops s"ch as c"c"mber, p"mpkins and watermelons. The %amily
3"c"rbitaceae lies within the class o% dicotyledono"s and in the di!ision o% anthophytha. t is known
to many as the go"rd or p"mpkin %amily. They "s"ally prod"ce spiralling tendrils or modi%ied shoots
that wrap aro"nd ad9acent ob9ects and "se them %or s"pport. That?s why they are considered !ine
crops. 3"c"rbits "s"ally are climbing plants with alternate, simple, palmately !eined lea!es. There are
howe!er some dioecio"s species
/
.
1+ 2eo%ra"hical $i!trib&tio# o, Trichosanthus !"ecie!
1+1 3abitat) ( $richosanthes species generally %o"nd at an altit"de o% 12&& to 2.&& m. t ranges %rom
eastern 1imalayas in ndia and so"thern 3hina thro"gh so"thern Kapan, 'alaysia, and tropical
("stralia. n ndia it is a large climber
.
.
IJPP VOL 2 ISSUE 4
Saboo et alD2&12 93
1+* Di!trib&tio#: Pantropical and s"btropical a %ew representati!e in temperate to cooler climate
o%ten attaining a height o% /21& meters.
1+/ 4e%etative Character!: Plants are mostly ann"al or perennial with weak stem trailing or
dec"mbent !ines, "s"ally climbing by means o% tendrils and with plenty o% 9"icy sap in the lea!es and
stems.
@oot: @oots are taproot, branched and thickened d"e to the storage o% %ood and water.
Stem: Stems are herbaceo"s in nat"re and climbing by means o% tendrils.
:ea%: They are alternate, brood, and "s"ally simple b"t o%ten deeply lobed or di!ided and palmately
!eined, retic"late, petiole long and hollow. Tendrils may be simple or branched arising in the a+il or
opposite to the lea% at the node.
>lower: They are reg"lar, "nise+"al, rarely bise+"al, smaller or large showy, white or yellow
1&
.
0+ A#cie#t &!e! o, Trichosanthes !"ecie! a! -e$ici#e
".1 Trichosanthes cucumerina 5S#a.e %o&r$6) The plant incl"ding roots, lea!es, %r"its, seeds ha!e
medicinal properties. The root is "sed as a c"re %or bronchitis, headache and boils. 8oth root and %r"it
are considered to be cathartic. The %r"it is "sed as an anthelmintic. The seeds are "sed %or stomach
disorders and are also considered as anti%ebrile and anthelmintic. St"dies on the pharmacological
pro%ile ha!e shown the presence o% anti2in%lammatory acti!ity in the roots and t"bers and antidiabetic
acti!ity in seeds. 3hemically galactose speci%ic lectin has been isolated %rom the seeds. The hot
a<"eo"s e+tract o% $richosanthes cucumerina e+erts a signi%icant protection against ethanol or
indomethacin ind"ced gastric damage. ncreasing the protecti!e m"c"s layer, as well as decreasing the
acidity o% the gastric 9"ice and antihistamine acti!ity are probable mechanisms by which the hot water
e+tract mediates its gastroprotecti!e actions
11
.
".2 Trichosanthes dioica 5"oi#te$ %o&r$6) nteresting antimicrobial pro%ile has been obser!ed
against #taphylococcus aureus, *lebsiella pneumonia, !scherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and (ycobacterium smegmatis bacteria
12.
They are employed in treatment o% epilepsy, alopecia, skin
disease and diabetes mellit"s
1..
(ccording to (y"r!eda, lea!es o% the plant are "sed as antipyretic,
di"retic, cardiotonic, la+ati!e, and anti"lcer. Traditionally it is also "sed in skin disorder by some
comm"nities o% (sia
1H
.
".3 Trichosanthes kiriloii 5Chi#e!e c&c&-ber6) The seeds of $richosanthes %irilo&ii ha!e been
"sed in 3hinese medicine as an anti2in%lammatory agent, a co"gh medicine and as an e+pectorant.
;!al"ation o% the cytoto+ic acti!ity against h"man cancer cell lines e+hibited cytoto+icity especially
against a h"man renal cancer. The triterpenoids present in the plant are e+pected to be potential anti2
t"mor promoters
11
.

n traditional 3hinese medicine it is said to drain heat and generate %l"ids, clear
and drain l"ng heat, trans%orm phlegm, and moisten l"ng dryness, and resol!e to+icity and e+pel p"s.
The %r"it o% the plant, clear heat and trans%orm phlegm2heat, "nbind the chest and dissipate nod"les,
and red"ces abscesses and dissipate nod"les
,
.

>r"its rind can help to c"re diseases o% the heart and
l"ngs. The t"ber o% plant displayed e+treme inhibition o% 1E
2,
, enhance imm"nity, lowering blood
press"re, and t"mor. n addition, $richosanthes also has special green health care %"nction. There%ore,
in recent years, it is !al"ed and demanded
2/
.

Proteins precipitated by acetone %rom an a<"eo"s e+tract of $richosanthes %irilo&ii root t"bers
contained aborti%acient and erythroaggl"tinating acti!ities
.&
.
".# Trichosanthes tricus!idata 5I#$ra(a#6) n Thai traditional medicine, the plant is "sed as a
la+ati!e, anthelmintic and in the treatment o% migraine
11
.

The root e+tract has shown antio+idant
e%%ect. n (y"r!edic medicines, the %r"its are "sed in the treatment o% asthma, ear ache and o)oena
Fintranasal cr"sting, atrophy and %etid odorG. n the 0nani system, the %r"its are "sed as a carminati!e
Fan agent that relie!es %lat"lenceG, a p"rgati!e, and as an aborti%acient, to lessen in%lammation, c"re
migraines, and red"ce heat o% the brain. t also employed in treatment %or opthalmia Fin%lammation o%
the eyeG, leprosy Fin%ectio"s disease ca"sed by (ycobacterium lepraeG, epilepsy Fepisodic impairment
or loss o% conscio"sness, abnormal motor phenomenonG and rhe"matism, Fpain%"l local in%lammation
o% 9oints and m"sclesG as well as other "ses. The seeds are emetic and a good p"rgati!e. n the Thai
traditional system, the plant is "sed as an anti2%e!er remedy, a la+ati!e, as an anthelmintic as well as
in migraine treatments. The roots o% the plant are "sed to treat l"ng diseases in cattle and %or the
treatment o% diabetic carb"ncles and headaches. The !aidyas, or practitioners o% (y"r!eda, also "se
the %r"its in treating stomatitis. The oil e+tracted %rom the roots is "sed as a pain killer. n 8astar
IJPP VOL 2 ISSUE 4
Saboo et alD2&12 94
Cistrict, 3hhattisgarh, ndia, the plant is "sed %or c"ring snakebite poisoning and the 9"ice o% the plant
is applied e+ternally %or skin er"ptions. n *epal the roots are "sed to c"re bleeding in chickens
2
.
7+ Che-ical co#!tit&e#t! o, Trichosanthes !"ecie!
$.1 Trichosanthes cucumerina) t is rich in protein and !itamin 3. The "se o% the p"lp o% ripe %r"its
as a s"bstit"te %or tomato paste is the ma9or "se. The edible part o% the immat"re %r"it is -B I /-$ per
1&&g edible portions, it contains water /Hg, protein F&.BgG, %at F&..gG, carbohydrate FHgG, %ibre F&.-gG,
3a F2BmgG, >e F&..mgG, P F2&mgG, Eitamin 81F&.&2mgG, Eitamin 82 &.&.ng, *iacin &..mg, Eitamin
3 F12mgG.
1#
The ma9or acti!e constit"ents o% the dr"g are triterpenoid saponins !i), c"c"rbitacins.
The plant is richly constit"ted with a series o% chemical constit"ents like %la!onoids, carotenoids,
phenolic acids which makes the plant pharmacologically and therape"tically acti!e
1B
.
$.2 Trichosanthes dioica) ;arlier chemical st"dy re!eals that in addition to a n"mber o% tetra and
pentacyclic triterpenes, the to+ic bitter principles c"c"rbitaceo"s Fa gro"p o% o%ten highly o+ygenated
tetracyclic compo"nds with a "ni<"e carbon skeleton and almost a carbonyl gro"p in ring 3G may be
considered as a ta+onomic character o% 3"c"rbitaceae. Pointed go"rd is rich in !itamins and contains
'g F/.& mgG, *a F2.B mgG, K F-..& mgG, 3" F1.1 mgG, and S F1,.& mgG per 1&& g edible part. The
seeds o% $richosanthes dioica contain a large amo"nt o% peptides. The seed peptides ha!e the "ni<"e
property o% being resistant to the action o% sil!er nitrate, a sensiti!e reagent commonly "sed to stain
proteins. The !ario"s chemical constit"ents present in $. dioica are !itamin (, !itamin 3, tannins, and
saponins. Phytochemical e!al"ations o% a<"eo"s and ethanolic e+tracts ha!e showed the presence o%
saponins and tannins. The seed e+tract o% $. dioica contains o+idihydrokaro"nidol2.2 ben)oate as the
most predominant component in the highly polar %raction o% the non saponi%iable lipid. Two main
phytosterols present in $. dioica are namely, 2HL2 ethylcholest2,2enol and 2HM2ethylcholest2,2enol.
Seeds o% $. dioica also contain lectin, a carbohydrate Fspeci%ically galactoseG binding protein which is
homologo"s to Type2 ribosome inhibitory proteins FType2 @PG
1H
.
$.3 Trichosanthes kiriloii) The plant is a so"rce o% the to+ic anti21E type ribosome2inacti!ing
lectin trichosanthin
,
.

Se!eral m"lti2%lorane triterpenoids ha!e been isolated %rom the seed e+tract. The
most predominant ones incl"de karo"nidiol and its .262ben)oate deri!ati!e. These triterpenoids are
e+pected to be potential anti2t"mor promoters. ;!al"ation o% the cytoto+ic acti!ity o% karo"nidiol
against h"man cancer cell lines
11
.
$.# Trichosanthes tricus!idata% t contains c"c"rbitane, he+anorc"c"rbitane and octanorc"c"rbitane
glycosides %rom %r"its o% $richosanthes tric"spidata
...
'ohamed isolated a tetrahydro+y pentacyclic
triterpene 4trichotetrol7 %rom the root e+tract o% this !ine. >rom the %r"its of $. tricuspidata, 1H
c"c"rbitane glycosides were isolated s"ch as c"c"rbitacin K, 2262M2gl"copyranoside, a
he+anorc"c"rbitane gl"coside and octanorc"c"rbitane gl"cosides were isolated along with two known
c"c"rbitane gl"coside. (n e+tract o% the %r"its o% this plant was %o"nd to be cytoto+ic in K8 cells, and
two new c"c"rbitacins were reported: tric"spidatin and 2262gl"coc"c"rbitacin K. Kaneda and
0chikoba reported a protease %rom the sarcocarp o% the %r"its o% this plant.
The root o% plant contains contains methyl palmitate, palmitic acid, s"beric acid, L2spinasterol,
stigmast2,2en2.2beta2ol, L2spinasterol .2o2beta2C2gl"copyranoside, stigmast2,2en2.2beta2ol2.262beta2
C2gl"copyranoside, glyceryl 12palmitate, glyceryl 12stearate, bryonolic acid, c"c"rbitacin 8,
isoc"c"rbitacin 8, .2epi2isoc"c"rbitacin 8, 2.,2H2dihydroc"c"rbitacin C, isoc"c"rbitacin C and C2
gl"cose. t also contains more than B times more c"c"rbitacin than the roots of $. %irilo&ii 'a+im.
!ar. ,aponicum Kitam. (lso three new cycloartane glycosides ha!e been isolated and named
cyclotric"spidosides (, 8 and 3, %rom the lea% and stem parts
.
.
8+ Rece#t !cie#ti,icall( "rove$ &!e o, Trichosanthes !"ecie!
&.1 Trichosanthes cucumerina
1. (nti2o+idant acti!ity o% $richosanthes cucumerina by >erric2red"cing antio+idant power F>@(PG
assay
1,
.
2. (nti2diabetes acti!ity2 4Trichosanthes cucumerina :inn impro!es gl"cose tolerance and tiss"e
glycogen in non ins"lin dependent diabetes mellit"s ind"ced rats7
1-
.
3. $richosanthes c"c"merina "sed %or the treatment o% in%lammation may not ca"se any histological
aberration in the "rinary bladder: by methanolic e+tracts o% $richosanthes c"c"merina seeds on
the weight o% "rinary bladder in ad"lt male wistar rats
1/
.
IJPP VOL 2 ISSUE 4
Saboo et alD2&12 95
4. (<"eo"s e+tract o% $richosanthes cucumerina pre!ent diabetic renal abnormalities: by oral
administration o% a<"eo"s e+tract o% $richosanthes cucumerina
2&
.
5. (n+iolytic acti!ity o% ethanolic e+tracts %rom the lea!es o% $richosanthes cucumerina
21
.
&.2 Trichosanthes dioica
1. (nti2 diabetic acti!ity o% $richosanthes Dioica %"its in!estigated in strepto)otocin ind"ced
diabetic rats
22
.
2. 1ypoglycemic e%%ect o% a<"o"s e+tract o% $richosanthes dioica in normal and diabetic rats
1.
.
3. (nti2t"berc"losis Flea!es e+tract acti!e against (ycobacterium smegmatisG and (nti2microbial
acti!ity, Flea!es, %r"its and seedsG o% e+tracts by disc di%%"sion method
12
.

4. (ntit"mor e%%icacy and amelioration o% o+idati!e stress by $richosanthes dioica root against
;hrlich ascites carcinoma in mice
2.
.

5. t has been reported that the presence o% %la!onoids and trace elements !i). 3", K and 'g are
responsible %or antidiabetic acti!ity o% plants
2H
.
6. In vitro cytoto+ic e%%ect o% $richosanthes dioica root has been reported
2#
.
7. (ntio+idant, antidiarrhoeal and cytoto+ic acti!ity o% aerial parts o% $richosanthes dioica @o+b
ha!e been e!al"ated. (ntio+idant acti!ity "sing nitric o+ide sca!enging assay, castor oil2ind"ced
and magnesi"m s"lphate2ind"ced diarrhoea in mice were "sed to e!al"ate anti2diarrhoeal acti!ity
while 8rine shrimp lethality bioassay was employed %or cytoto+icity test
2B
.
&.3 Trichosanthes kiriloii
1. P"ri%ication, characteri)ation and antit"mor acti!ity o% a no!el protein %rom $richosanthes
%irilo&ii 'a+im: Trichosanthrip, a no!el @P with a lower molec"lar mass, was p"ri%ied %rom
collected 1H pop"lations o% wild $. %irilo&ii, and its characteri)ation and antit"mor acti!ity was
assayed. Trichosanthrip has a good %"t"re in cancer care with higher antit"mor acti!ity and lower
side e%%ect
2,
.
2. Genetic trans%ormation o% hairy roots in $richosanthes %irilo&ii 'a+im by Ti and @i plasmids:
3ompared with the ordinary hairy roots, the do"ble trans%ormed hairy roots grow %aster b"t retain
similar protein contents
2-
.
3. Germplasm reso"rces e!al"ation o% di%%erent pop"lations o% $richosanthes %irilo&ii 'a+im
posted by T"mor @esearch 3enter
2/
.
4. Proteins precipitated by acetone %rom an a<"eo"s e+tract o% $richosanthes %irilo&ii root t"bers
contained aborti%acient and erythroaggl"tinating acti!ities
.&
.
&.# Trichosanthes tricus!idata
1. St"dy has been carried o"t on $richosanthin ind"ced apoptosis o% le"kemia K#B2 cells
.1
.
2. (nti2o+idati!e e%%ects o% $richosanthes tricuspidata root e+tract on sildena%il ind"ced migraine
in albino mice has been obser!ed
.2
.
3. (nti2pyretic e%%ect o% $richosanthes tricuspidata :inn on albino rats was in!estigated
.., .H
.
4. (nti2in%lammatory and analgesic acti!ity o% a<"eo"s e+tract o% $richosanthes bracteata %r"its in
animal model was st"dy
.#
.
5. 3ytoto+ic acti!ity was in!estigated %or e+tracts o% $richosanthes tricuspidata %r"its in K8 cells
.B
.
Co#cl&!io#
(%ter the thro"gh literat"re we ha!e %o"nd that $richosanthes ha!e tremendo"s medicinal properties
s"ch as anti21E, an+iolytic, anti2pyretic, anti2diarrhoeal, carminati!e, antio+idant, anti2diabetic,
antibacterial, la+ati!e, anthelmintic, anti2t"berc"losis, and p"rgati!e. t is also employed as an
aborti%acient, di"retic, and cardiotonic agent. They also show strong anti2in%lammatory, antit"ssi!e,
cytoto+ic, and e+pectorant properties. (part %rom biological pro%ile $richosanthes posses many
therape"tically important chemical constit"ents which re<"ired %"rther research to e+plore the
medicinal !al"e o% this species.
Re,ere#ce
1. 5orld 1ealth 6rgani)ation, Topic 1: Traditional 'edicine: 8alancing 3"lt"ral mportance and
1ealth Sa%ety.
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Saboo et alD2&12 96
2. @obinson ''. F3lassi%ications, Terminology and Standards, 516, Gene!aG and Ahang N
FTraditional 'edicines, 516, Gene!aG: The 5orld 'edicines Sit"ation 2&11, 22. FTraditional
'edicines: Global Sit"ation, ss"es and 3hallengesG.
3. C"!ey 8 K, Goyel @, Parashar 8, Eerma C, Chame9a 1, Sharma C et al. $richosanthes
tricuspidata: ;+ploration o% its medicinal !al"e. Asian , Pharm $ech 2&12= 2F1G: 2B22-.
4. Eerma S, Singh SP. 3"rrent and %"t"re stat"s o% herbal medicines Fre!iewG. -eterinary .orld
2&&-= 1F11G: .H,2.#&.
5. $richosanthes cucumerina >rom 5ikipedia, the %ree encyclopedia K"mp to : na!igation, search
6. $richosanthes dioica >rom 5ikipedia, the %ree encyclopedia
7. $richosanthes kirilowii >rom 5ikipedia, the %ree encyclopedia
-. http: DD www. >lowerso%india. netD catalogD slidesD ndrayan. html
/. >ile: DDD >: D research D 3030@8T(3;(; $ 2& >(':O D 3"c"rbit.
1&. >ile: DDD >: D research D 3030@8T(3;(; $ 2& >(':O D %amily2c"c"rbitaceae2e+amples2and2
its.
11. Chiman K, G"pta (, Sharma CK, Gill *S, Goyal (. ( re!iew on the medicinally important
plants o% the %amily 3"c"rbitaceae. Asian , Cli /utri 2&&&= H: 1B22B.
12. @ai PK, 'ehta S, G"pta @K, 5atal G. ( no!el antimicrobial agents $richosanthes dioica, Int ,
Pharma 0io #ci 2&1&= 1F.G: 2&222&/.
13. (digra S, 8airy K:, 'eharban (, P"nita S@. 1ypoglycemic e%%ect o% a<"o"s e+tract o%
$richosanthes dioica in normal and diabetic rats. Int , Diab Dev Ctries 2&1&= .& F1G: 2&122&H.
14. K"mar *. $richosanthes dioica @o+b.: (n 6!er!iew. Int , Pharma 0io #ci 2&11= 2 F.G: 1&H21&/.
15. O"s"% ((, >olarin 6', 8amiro >6. 3hemical composition and %"nctional properties o% snake
go"rd F$richosanthes cucumerinaG seed %lo"r. /igerian 1ood , 2&&,= 2# F1G: 2#2.&.
16. (debooye 63. Phyto2constit"ents and anti2o+idant acti!ity o% the p"lp o% snake tomato
F$richosanthes Cucumerina :.G. Afr , $rad 2&&-= #F2G: 1,.I1,/.
17. Kirana 1, Srini!asan 8P. $richosanthes cucumerina :inn impro!es gl"cose tolerance and tiss"e
glycogen in non ins"lin dependent diabetes mellit"s ind"ced rats. Indian , Pharmacol 2&&-=
H&F.G: 1&.I1&B.
18. (kinsola (@, 6l"wase"n 1, (dewale (, 6l"seg"n S, (desina '. ;%%ects o% methanolic e+tracts
o% $richosanthes c"c"merina seeds on the weight o% "rinary bladder in ad"lt male wistar rat s.
.ebmed Central Anatomy 2&12= .FBG: 5'3&&.HH2
19. (deeyo 6(, 6g"ndare 6, Salaw" ;6, Saka 5(, (deleke G;, 6naolapo 6K et al. 6ral
administration o% a<"eo"s e+tract o% $richosanthes cucumerina may pre!ent diabetic renal
abnormalities. .orld , 2oung esearchers 2&11= 1: H.
20. @ahman 1, '"ralidharan P, Si!araman C, Kartika 8, Saha C. ;!al"ation o% an+iolytic acti!ity o%
ethanolic e+tracts %rom the lea!es o% $richosanthes cucumerina :. in mice. D3er Pharmacia
#inica 2&1&= 1F.G: -B2/H.
21. @ai PK, Kaiswal C, @ai CK, Sharma 8, 5atal G. ;%%ect o% water e+tract o% $richosanthes dioica
%r"its in strepto)otocin ind"ced diabetic rats. Indian , Cli 0iochem 2&&-= 2.FHG, .-,2./&.
22. 8hattacharya S, Prasanna (, 'a9"mdar P. (ntit"mor e%%icacy and amelioration o% o+idati!e stress
by $richosanthes dioica root against ;hrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. 2&11= H/F/G: /2,2/.#.
23. @ai PK, Sh"kla S, 'ehta S, @ai *K, @ai (K, 5atal G. Therape"tic phytoelemental pro%ile o%
$richosanthes dioica. Adv (at )ett 2&1&= 1F.G: 21&221B.
24. 8hattacharya S, 1aldar

PK. ;!al"ation o% in vitro cytoto+ic e%%ect o% $richosanthes dioicaroot.
Pharmacognosy es 2&1&= 2FBG: .##2.#-.
25. (kter S, mam 'A, 1asan S', @a<"ib"l, 1ossain ', 'a)"mder ;1, @ana S et al. (ntio+idant,
antidiarrhoeal and cytoto+ic properties o% aerial parts o% $richosanthes dioica @o+b, Am , 1ood
/utr 2&11= 1F.G: /#21&1.
26. P"ri%ication, characteri)ation and antit"mor acti!ity o% a no!el protein %rom $richosanthes
%irilo&ii 'a+im. 3ancer @esearch 3enter 2&11.
27. :ei 1T, Song KK, Pi KK, Ahang O:, Oang KS, G"o AG. Genetic trans%ormation o% hairy roots in
$richosanthes kirilowii 'a+im by Ti and @i plasmids. 3hinese K 8iotech= 11F2G:1.,2H1.
28. Germplasm reso"rces e!al"ation o% di%%erent pop"lations o% $richosanthes kirilowii 'a+im.
T"mor @esearch 3enter.
IJPP VOL 2 ISSUE 4
Saboo et alD2&12 97
29. Oe"ng 15, 5ong C', :i 55. P"ri%ication o% three isolectins %rom root t"bers o% $richosanthes
kirilowii FTianh"a%enG , Int , Peptide Protein es 1/-B= 2, F.G: .2#2....
30. Kong ', Ke O8, Aho" 'y, Ke NO, :" 8, *ieShi 1: et al,Oan Sheng 5" et al, N"e 8ao et al.
St"dy on $richosanthin ind"ced apoptosis o% le"kemia K #B2 cells. P(ID 12&1B/B, 1//-= .1
F.G: 2..2H..
31. *ithiya P, 'ohan

K. (ntio+idati!e e%%ect o% $richosanthes tricuspidata root e+tract on sildena%il
ind"ced migraine in albino mice. Phcog es 2&&/= 1FBG: H&22H&#.
32. Kanchanapooma T, Kasaia @, Oamasakia K. 3"c"rbitane, he+anorc"c"rbitane and
octanorc"c"rbitane glycosides %rom %r"its o% $richosanthes tricuspidata. ;lse!ier 2&&2= #/
F2G:21#222-.
33. 'ani!el K, @a9angam P, '"th"samy m, @a9asekar S. ;!al"ation o% anti2pyretic e%%ect o%
$richosanthes tricuspidata :inn on albino rats. Int , es Pharma 0iomed #ci 2&11= 2FHG: 2#2.2.
34. Eerma P, Kambo9 E, @an9an S, 'ahesh K. (nti2n%lammatory and analgesic acti!ity o% a<"eo"s
e+tract o% $richosanthes bracteata %r"its in animal model. Pharmacologyonline 2&1&= 1: -21B.
35. 'ai

:P, G"enard

C, >ranck

', Tri

'E, Gaspard

3, Se!enet

T et al. *ew 3ytoto+ic 3"c"rbitacins
%rom the pericarps o% $richosanthes tricuspidata %r"its. 2&&2= 1BF1G:1#21/.
IJPP VOL 2 ISSUE 4