Sl Transfer Function Model
No
1 Transfer function models represent
the systems in the classical approach
to control system design.
2 Transfer function model is defined
in the s-domain.
3 Transfer function model is defined
under zero initial conditions.
4 They are applicable to linear time
invariant systems.
5 Generally restricted to single-input-
single-output (SISO) systems as it is
cumbersome for multiple-input-
multiple-output (MIMO) systems.
6 It reveals only the system output for
a given input and provides no
information regarding the internal
state of the system
7 The classical transfer function
approaches provide the control
engineer with a deep physical
insight into the system and greatly
aid the preliminary system design
where a complex system is
approximated by a more manageable
model.
8 Classical design approaches are
generally trial and error procedures.
9 In case of classical control, the
Laplace Transform is applied for
continuous systems while z-
transforms are applied to discrete
data systems.
10 Under zero initial conditions, the
transfer function of the system is the
ratio of the Laplace transform of the
output to the Laplace transform of
the input.
State Space Model
State space model is the basis for modern
control theory and system optimization.
State space model is a direct time domain
approach
State space model can be defined under
non-zero initial conditions.
State space models are applicable to linear
time varying and invariant as well as non
linear systems.
Can be applied to both SISO and MIMO
systems.
State space models give an insight
regarding internal state of the system also
which is defined by the state variables.
Modern state space approaches for complex
systems are not easy to interpret and
manage. Hence an insight of the system in
preliminary system design is very difficult.
Hence state variable approach cannot
completely replace classical transfer
function approach.
State variable design approaches are based
on accurate procedures.
However in case of state variable approach,
the state variable is applicable to both
continuous and discrete systems.
“The state of a dynamical system is a
minimal set of variables (known as state
variables) such that the knowledge of these
variables at t=to together with the
knowledge of the inputs for t>=to,
completely determine the behavior of the
system for t>to.” In state variable
formulation of a system an n-th order
differential equation can always be
represented in terms of a set of n-first order
differential equations.