5/7/2014

Literature Review

Submitted To: Mam Sabeen Khurum

Submitted By: Haider Ayub

Registration no: SP13-MBA-082

Section: (A)



Literature Review:
Literature means writings and a body of literature refers to all the published
writings in a particular style on a particular subject.
In research, a body of literature is a collection of published information and data relevant to a
research question.
The research question. Often referred to as the research problem, the research question provides
the context for the research study and reveals what the researcher is trying to answer.
The paper must answer clearly, "What is the problem?" and "Why do I care?" At the same time,
stating the problem precisely limits the scope of the research project by focusing on certain
elements. It lets you show why those variables are important.

The statement of the problem is the first part of the paper to be read after the title and abstract. It's
like a lead on a newspaper story. It hooks the reader and gives context to what follows.

The literature review. A review of the literature is an essential part of your academic research
project. The review is a careful examination of a body of literature pointing toward the answer to
your research question.

Literature reviewed typically includes scholarly journals, scholarly books, authoritative databases
and primary sources. Sometimes it includes newspapers, magazines, other books, films, and audio
and video tapes, and other secondary sources.
Primary sources are the origin of information under study, fundamental documents relating
to a particular subject or idea. Often they are first hand accounts written by a witness or
researcher at the time of an event or discovery. These may be accessible as physical
publications, as publications in electronic databases, or on the Internet.
Secondary sources are documents or recordings that relate to or discuss information
originally presented elsewhere. These, too, may be accessible as physical objects or
electronically in databases or on the Internet.
All good research and writing is guided by a review of the relevant literature. Your literature review
will be the mechanism by which your research is viewed as a cumulative process. That makes it an
integral component of the scientific process.

Why do it? The purpose of the literature review remains the same regardless of the research
method you use. It tests your research question against what already is known about your subject.

Through the literature review you will discover whether your research question already has been
answered by someone else. If it has, you must change or modify your question.

Considering your question. If you find that your research question has not been answered
satisfactorily by someone else, then search for these answers:
What is known about my subject?
What is the chronology of the development of knowledge about my subject?
Are there any gaps in knowledge of my subject? Which openings for research have been
identified by other researchers? How do I intend to bridge the gaps?
Is there a consensus on relevant issues? Or is there significant debate on issues? What are
the various positions?
What is the most fruitful direction I can see for my research as a result of my literature
review? What directions are indicated by the work of other researchers?



The Gym supplements:
The human body needs protein for muscle growth and many gym goers use it to try to get bigger
quickly, it was reported. Gym supplements come under food law so although they have to be
labelled properly what is in them can vary. They are different to medicines, which legally have to
ensure contents are more specific. There have been warnings before, most recently from the Food
Standards Agency, which advises people not to take gym supplements containing DMAA. The BDA
argues there is now evidence to show excess levels of additional protein taken over a long time can
cause health problems. "The more protein in your diet the more you have to get rid of," the BDA
said. "People who have these high protein diets are now running into problems with their kidneys
because of the amount of protein they must get rid of," it added. The association believes people
can get enough safe protein naturally from things like chicken and milk rather than these
supplements.
However, the Health Food Manufacturers' Association, which represents the supplement industry,
says compared to other foods or medicines, gym supplements have an enviable record



Gym Class Strengthens Kids Brains as well as
Bodies:
The researchers found that 30 to 45 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise 3 to 5
days a week enhanced memory, concentration, mood, classroom behavior, self-concept, and
academic performance in the kids. The panel recommended at least one hour a day of moderate
to vigorous exercise to optimize childrens cognitive development, as well as physical health.
Clearly theres a mind-body connection here. And hard science backs that up. In the last decade,
neuroscientists have discovered the biological mechanisms underlying the relationship between
exercise and intellectual performance. Aerobic exercise increases the bodys production of
nerve growth factors that stimulate the brain to create more connections between brain cells.
And that enhanced connectivity among brain cells enables new learning to take place more
rapidly, and durably. Add that to a recent study reported on Rodale.com, which showed that
kids who are active in school also tend to get more exercise during non-school hours, and the
value of physical education becomes a no-brainer.
Physiological effects of gym:
Most people know that exercising is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle--helping to burn
calories, reducing the risk of obesity and protecting the heart. There are many ways to exercise and
many places to do it. You can exercise and be fit without incurring the expense of joining a gym, but
exercising at a gym does provide benefits that you cannot get by working out at home. With doing
exercises or visit gym regularly we can control cavities and blood pressure which is one of major
issues of today health. Research proof that, exercise is very important for because today we see that
mantel work is more than physical work thats why peoples have health issues and they face disease
at even on middle age of life its just because of poor fitness. Peoples who do exercises or a sports
man they are physically strong and also a safe from the disease. We can see that sports man have
very rare problem of blood pressure sugar and cavity issues. By the doing exercise we can maintain
our health and protect our self again diseases. Many runners and gym-goers may have noticed that
listening to music sometimes helps with running the last 400 meters or completing those final 20
reps. and now, researchers in Germany have found that controlling music while doing strenuous
activity actually reduces the perceived effort.
Author: (Marie joined MNT with 3 years' experience on the editorial staff of a science magazine)

References:
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-04/news/33582228_1_supplements-high-
protein-diets-gym
http://www.organicgardening.com/living/gym-class-strengthens-kids-brains-well-bodies
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/authors/marie-ellis