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1.0 INTRODUCTION

A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital
computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory
assembly lines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and
output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance
to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-
backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results
must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended
operation will result. Hence, a programmable logic controller is a specialized computer used to
control machines and processes. It therefore shares common terms with typical PCs like
central processing unit, memory, software and communications. Unlike a personal
computer though the PLC is designed to survive in a rugged industrial atmosphere and to be
very flexible in how it interfaces with inputs and outputs to the real world. The components
that make a PLC work can be divided into three core areas.
The power supply and rack
The central processing unit (CPU)
The input/output (I/O) section
Inputs and Outputs
Programmable logic controllers typically contain a variable number of input/output
(I/O) ports and usually employ reduced instruction set computing (RISC), which consists of
simplified instructions that are intended to allow for faster execution. PLCs are designed for
real-time use and often must withstand harsh factory environments, such as excessive vibration
and high noise levels. The programmable logic controller circuitry monitors the status of
multiple sensor inputs, which control output actuators such as motor starters, solenoids, lights,
displays and valves


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Advantages
This type of controller has made a significant contribution to factory automation. Earlier
automation systems had to use thousands of individual relays, timers and sequencers, which had to be
replaced or rewired whenever the automated process needed to change. In many cases, a
programmable logic controller allows all of the relays and timers within a factory system to be
replaced by a single controller. Modern PLCs deliver a wide range of functionality, including basic
relay control, motion control, process control and complex networking.


1.1 OBJECTIVE

I. To do the circuit using programmable logic control and Omron CX programmable
software.
II. To understand the different between Fluid Sim and Omron CX.


2.0 EXERCISES
2.1 CIRCUIT 1

I. Two Alternate Indicator

FLUID SIM


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As we can see from the circuit, there is the pushbutton which is normally open. When
the current is flow, it will flow through the normally closed contact relay and the indicator is
light up.
After the stop button is being push, the current will flow through CR1 and the CR1 is
energise thus this situation caused the make switch CR1 that normally closed become open and
vice versa thus the indicator is light up for closed CR1.
OMRON CX Programmer




II. Latching Circuit
FLUID SIM
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OMRON CX Programmer




2.2 CIRCUIT 2
I. Reset Latching Circuit with Stop
FLUID SIM
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OMRON CX Programmer

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II. Reset Latching Circuit with Limit Switch

FLUID SIM





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2.3 CIRCUIT 3
Memory Circuit Using Double Solenoid Valve
FLUID SIM


i. When the push button A is pressed, the
contact relay (CR1) will energized thus
the contact relay from normally open
will become normally close. From that,
it will activated the solenoid 1M1 and
extend the cylinder








ii. Next, press the push button B to retract
the cylinder and contact relay (CR2)
will energized, it will activated solenoid
1M2. The cylinder is retracted.
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2.4 CIRCUIT 4
Delay Operation Circuit Using Timer
FLUID SIM

i. Firstly the start button in pressed,
contact relay (CR1) will energized
and become normally close
connection. It will activate the
timer countdown.






ii. Next, after 5 second, solenoid
(1M1) will be energized.










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iii. The solenoid will change the
directional control valve (DCV) to
the second position and extend the
cylinder










iv. To reset the circuit, press the
STOP button, and connection of
the relay will become normally
open.











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v. The cylinder will retract
immediately due to spring return at
the DCV. The DCV will change to
the initial position.






















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2.5 CIRCUIT 5
Automatically Return Using Limit Switch
FLUID SIM

i. Firstly, the push button is pressed
momentarily, contact relay (CR1)
will energized; it will activate
indicator and timer (T1). The timer
starts to countdown.







ii. After 5 second, the connection of
the timer will become normally
close and it will activate solenoid
(1M1).









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iii. Next, solenoid will change the
initial position of the DCV and
extend the cylinder.









iv. When the cylinder is fully extend,
the end tip of the cylinder will
touch the limit switch (LS1). The
LS1 will become normally open,
thus cut off the circuit.













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v. The cylinder will retract
automatically. The indicator will
turn off.























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3.0 QUESTION
I. Two double-acting cylinders are used to design pneumatic circuit by using PLC. The
operations of the circuit are as follow :
When the start button is pressed momentarily, cylinder A will fully extend and
indicator will on (simultaneously).
After 5 seconds cylinder B will fully extend.
When the stop button is pressed both cylinder will retract simultaneously.
The indicator still on.
When the emergency button is pressed the indicator will off.


Answer :

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4.0 CONCLUSION
With the speed of changing technology today it is easy to lose sight or knowledge of
the basic theory or operation of programmable logic. Most people simply use the hardware to
produce the results they desire. The idea of programmable logic is very simple to understand,
but it is the complex programs that run in the ladder diagrams that make them difficult for the
students to fully understand. This is the good software that student need to learn as knowledge
and as preparation for student third year to go to their practical industry.