2

Quadratic Equations

1. (b), (c) and (d) are quadratic equations.

4. (a) (x + 5) = 0


x = 5

2. (a)
3x 4 = x2

x2 3x + 4 = 0

(b) 2x 1 = 0
1


x =
2

(b) x(4 x) = 5

4x x2 = 5

x2 4x + 5 = 0
(c)

(x 1)(5 + x) = 2x
5x + x2 5 x = 2x
x2 + 4x 5 2x = 0

x2 + 2x 5 = 0

4x
x 2 =
x + 1
(x 2)(x + 1) = 4x
x2 + x 2x 2 = 4x
x2 5x 2 = 0

(e)

5(x + 3)(2x 1) = (x + 3)(4 x)

5(2x2 x + 6x 3) = 4x x2 + 12 3x

10x2 5x + 30x 15 = 4x x2 + 12 3x

10x2 + 25x 15 = x x2 + 12
2
10x + 25x 15 x + x2 12 = 0

11x2 + 24x 27 = 0

When x = 3 or x = 3,
x2 9 = 0

Therefore, x = 3 and x = 3 are the roots.

Alternative
Using improvement method,
x

x2 9

Thus, x = 1 is a root.

Substitute x = 2 into the expression,

5x2 3x = 5(2)2 3(2)

= 20 + 6

= 26 (6)
Thus, x = 2 is not a root.

(c) Substitute x = 2 into 3x 2 and 4x + 4

respectively,

3x2 = 3(2)2

= 12

Hence, x = 3 is not a root.

5. (a) x2 9 = 0

Try using the factors of 9, that is, 1, 9, 1, 9,
3, 3.

3. (a) Substitute x = 1 into the expression,

x2 2x + 1 = 12 2(1) + 1


=0
(b)

1
Hence, x = is a root.
2

(c) When (1 3x) = 0

1


x =
3

When (x + 3) = 0


x = 3

(d)

Hence, x = 5 is a root.

4x + 4 = 4(2) + 4

= 12
Since LHS = RHS, therefore x = 2 is a root.

Therefore, x = 3 and x = 3 are the roots.

(b) x2 3x 4 = 0

Try using the factor of 4,

that is, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4.

When x = 1, x2 3x 4 = 1 3 4

= 6 0

When x = 1, x2 3x 4 = 1 + 3 4

=0

When x = 4, x2 3x 4 = 42 3(4) 4

=0

Therefore, x = 1 and x = 4 are the roots.

(f)

(g)

(c) 3x2 3x 6 = 0

x2 x 2 = 0

Try using the factors of 2, that is, 1, 1, 2, 2.

When x = 1, x2 x 2 = 1 1 2

= 2 0

When x = 1, x2 x 2 = 1 + 1 2

=0

When x = 2, x2 x 2 = 4 2 2

=0

Therefore, x = 1 and x = 2 are the roots.

6. (a)

(x 1)(x + 2) = 2x

x2 + 2x x 2 = 2x

x2 x 2 = 0

(x 2)(x + 1) = 0
x 2 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 2 or
x = 1

7. (a)

3x = x

3x2 x = 0

x(3x 1) = 0
x = 0 or 3x 1 = 0
1

x =
3
2

x2 + 4x = 1
x2 + 4x + 22 = 1 + 22
(x + 2)2 = 5

x + 2 = AB
5

= AB
5 2 or AB
5 2
= 0.2361 or 4.236

3
x2 + 2x = 0
2
3

x2 + 2x =
2
3
2
2

+ 12
x + 2x + 1 =
2
5

(x + 1)2 =
2
5

x + 1 =
2

x 4 = 0
x2 = 4

x = AB
4

= 2

(c)

x2 + 3x + 2 = 0

(x + 1)(x + 2) = 0
x + 1 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 1 or
x = 2

(d)

4x2 2x 6 = 0

2x2 x 3 = 0

(2x 3)(x + 1) = 0
2x 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 1
3

x = or
2

(e)

x = AB
5 2

(b) 2x2 + 4x 3 = 0

(b)

x+3
= x + 3
2x 1
x + 3 = (x + 3)(2x 1)
= 2x2 x + 6x 3
2
2x + 5x 3 x 3 = 0
2x2 + 4x 6 = 0
x2 + 2x 3 = 0
(x + 3)(x 1) = 0
+ 3 = 0 or x 1 = 0
x = 3 or
x = 1

ABB
ABB
ABB

5
x = 1
2

(c) (x 1)(x 2) = 1

x2 3x + 2 = 1


x2 3x = 1 2
3 2
3

x2 3x + = 1 +
2
2
2
3
5


x =
2
4

1 2

3x2 8 = 2x

3x2 2x 8 = 0

(3x + 4)(x 2) = 0
3x + 4 = 0
or x 2 = 0
4

x = or
x = 2
3

ABB

5
5

1 or 1
2
2
= 0.5811 or 2.581

1 2

ABB
ABB
ABB

5
3
x =
4
2
5
3
x = +
4
2
5
5
3
3
= + or +
4
4
2
2
= 2.618 or 0.3820

2x 1
2
=
11
1
3x
1 + x
2

(2x 1)(1 3x) = 2 11x

2x 6x2 1 + 3x = 2 11x
6x2 5x + 1 2 11x = 0

6x2 16x 1 = 0

6x2 16x = 1
16
1

x2 x =
6
6
8
1
2

x x =
3
6

1 2

16
4 2
1
x = +
9
3
6
35
=
18
4
35
x =
3
18
4
35 +
x =
3
18
4
35
= +
3
18
4
35
or +
3
18
= 2.728 or 0.06110

ABBB
ABBB
ABBB
ABBB

8. (a) x + 4x = 1

x2 + 4x 1 = 0

So, a = 1, b = 4 and c = 1
x =

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac

2a
4 ABBBBBBBBB
42 4(1)(1)

2(1)
4 ABB
20

2
4 ABB
20
20
4 + ABB
or
2
2
0.236 or 4.236

2x 1
2
=
11
1
3x
1 + x
2
(2x 1)(1 3x) = 2 11x
2x 6x2 1 + 3x = 2 11x
6x2 16x 1 = 0
So, a = 6, b = 16 and c = 1

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a
(16) ABBBBBBBBBBBB
(16)2 4(6)(1)
=
2(6)
280
16 ABBB
=
12
16 ABBB
16 + ABBB
280
280
= or
12
12
= 2.728 or 0.061

9. (a) Sum of roots = 1 + 3

=4

Product of roots = 1 3

=3
Hence, the quadratic equation is x2 4x + 3 = 0.

(b) Sum of roots = 2 + 5

=3

(b) 2x2 + 4x 3 = 0

So, a = 2, b = 4 and c = 3

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a
(3)2 4(1)(1)
(3) ABBBBBBBBBB
=
2(1)
5
3 AB
=
2
3 + AB
3 AB
5
5
= or
2
2
= 2.618 or 0.382

(d)

( x 1)(x 2) = 1
x2 3x + 2 = 1
x2 3x + 1 = 0
So, a = 1, b = 3 and c = 1

1 2

8
4 2
1
4
x2 x + = +
3
3
6
3

(c)

(d)

4 ABB
40
=
4
4 ABB
4 + ABB
40
40
= or
4
4
= 0.581 or 2.581

ABB

42 4(2)(3)
4 ABBBBBBBBB
=
2(2)

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a

Product of roots = (2)(5)

= 10

Hence, the quadratic equation is

x2 3x + (10) = 0
x2 3x 10 = 0

(c) Sum of roots = (6) + (1)

= 7

Product of roots = (6)(1)

=6

(d)

Hence, the quadratic equation is

x2 (7)x + 6 = 0
x2 + 7x + 6 = 0
1
Sum of roots = + 7
2
15

=
2

Hence, the quadratic equation is x2 8x + 16 = 0.

Therefore, sum of roots = 3

product of roots = 4

Therefore, sum of roots = 8

product of roots = 1

(c) 2x2 6x 7 = 0
7

x2 3x = 0
2

Therefore, sum of roots = 3
7


product of roots =
2

Therefore, sum of roots = 2

product of roots = 11

(e)

x 2 =

2x + 1
5(x 2) =
5x 10 =

b2 4ac = 22 4(3)(6)

= 4 72

= 68 , 0

Hence, there is no real roots.

b2 4ac = 42 4(1)(4)

=0

Hence, the two roots are equal.

b2 4ac = (5)2 4(1)(8)

= 25 32

= 7 , 0

Hence, there is no real roots.

(e)

(x 3)(2x + 1) = 6x
2x2 5x 3 6x = 0
2x2 11x 3 = 0
So, a = 2, b = 11 and c = 3

b2 4ac = (11)2 4(2)(3)

= 121 + 24

= 145 . 0

Hence, there are two different roots.

4x
2x 1 =
3x + 5

(2x 1)(3x + 5) = 4x
6x2 + 10x 3x 5 4x = 0

6x2 + 3x 5 = 0
So, a = 6, b = 3 and c = 5

b2 4ac = 32 4(6)(5)

= 9 + 120

= 129 . 0

Hence, there are two different roots.

(f)

(d) (x 1)(x + 3) = 8

x2 + 2x 3 8 = 0

x2 + 2x 11 = 0

(d)
5x 8 = x2
2

x 5x + 8 = 0

So, a = 1, b = 5 and c = 8

(b) x2 + 8x + 1 = 0

b2 4ac = (5)2 4(4)(1)

= 25 16

=9.0

(c) x2 + 4x + 4 = 0

So, a = 1, b = 4 and c = 4

10. (a) x2 3x 4 = 0

Therefore, sum of roots = 2

product of roots = 5

Hence, the two roots are distinct.
(b) 3x2 + 2x + 6 = 0

So, a = 3, b = 2 and c = 6

(e) Sum of roots = 4 + 4

=8

1 2

Product of roots = 4 4

= 16

2 x2 4x + 10 = 0
x2 2x + 5 = 0

11. (a) 4x2 5x + 1 = 0

So, a = 4, b = 5 and c = 1

1
Product of roots = (7)
2
7

=
2
Hence, the quadratic equation is
15
7
x2 x + = 0
2
2
2x2 15x + 7 = 0

5
x(2x + 1)
2x2 + x

 18.
x2 kx + 9 = 6x
x2 kx 6x + 9 = 0
x2 (k + 6)x + 9 = 0
So, a = 1, b = (k + 6) and c = 9

12. 2x2 kx + 2 = 0
So, a = 2, b = k and c = 2
Since the roots are equal,
then b2 4ac = 0
(k)2 4(2)(2) = 0


k2 = 16


k = 4

Since the roots are equal,

then
b2 4ac = 0
2
[(k + 6)] 4(1)(9) = 0

(k + 6)2 36 = 0

(k + 6)2 = 36

k + 6 = 6

k = 6 6

= 6 6 or 6 6

= 0 or 12

13. x2 3x k = 0
So, a = 1, b = 3 and c = k
Since the roots are different,
then b2 4ac . 0
(3)2 4(1)(k) . 0


9 + 4k . 0


4k . 9
9


k .
4

19.
(x 4)(2x + 3) = k
2x2 + 3x 8x 12 k = 0

2x2 5x 12 k = 0
So, a = 2, b = 5 and c = 12 k

14. kx2 + 4x 1 = 0
So, a = k, b = 4 and c = 1

Since the roots are real,

then
b2 4ac >
(5)2 4(2)(12 k) >

25 + 96 + 8k >

121 + 8k >

8k >

Since the roots are not real,

then b2 4ac , 0
42 4k(1) , 0

42 + 4k , 0


4k , 16


k , 4

0
0
0
0
121
121
k >
8

20. Given y = 4x 1................................. 1

and y = kx2 + 3x 2........................ 2

15. kx2 + hx 4 = 0
So, a = k, b = h and c = 4

Substitute 1 into 2,

4x 1 = kx2 + 3x 2
2
kx + 3x 4x 2 + 1 = 0

kx2 x 1 = 0
So, a = k, b = 1 and c = 1

Since the roots are equal,

then b2 4ac = 0
h2 4k(4) = 0

h2 + 16k = 0

Since the straight line intersects the curve at two

different points,
then b2 4ac . 0
(1)2 4(k)(1) . 0

1 + 4k . 0

4k . 1
1

k .
4

16. 2x2 + px = k
2x2 + px k = 0
So, a = 2, b = p and c = k
Since the roots are not real,
then b2 4ac , 0
p2 4(2)(k) , 0

p2 + 8k , 0
17. px2 qx = 4
px2 qx 4 = 0
So, a = p, b = q and c = 4

21. Given y = hx k.................................. 1

and y = 4x2 5x + 6........................ 2
Substitute 1 into 2,

hx k = 4x2 5x + 6
2
4x 5x hx + 6 + k = 0
4x2 (5 + h)x + 6 + k = 0
So, a = 4, b = (5 + h) and c = 6 + k

Since the roots are different,

then b2 4ac . 0
(q)2 4(p)(4) . 0

q2 + 16p . 0

Since the straight line does not intersect the curve,

then
b2 4ac , 0
2
[(5 + h)] 4(4)(6 + k) , 0

(5 + h)2 96 16k , 0
25 + 10h + h2 96 16k , 0

h2 10h 16k , 96 25

h2 10h 16k , 71

2
3. Sum of roots = 5 +
3
15 + 2

=
3
13

=
3

1 2

2
Product of roots = (5)
3
10

=
3
Hence, the quadratic equation is
13
10
x2 x + = 0
3
3
13
10
2

x + x = 0
3
3
Multiply both sides by 3,
3x2 + 13x 10 = 0

1
1.
(2 x)(x + 1) = x(x 5)
4
1
5

2x + 2 x2 x = x2 x
4
4
1
5
2
2

x x + 2 = x x
4
4
1
5
2
2
x + x x x 2 = 0
4
4
5
9
2
x

x 2 = 0
4
4

2 1

4.
x2 kx + 4 = 8x
2
x kx 8x + 4 = 0
x2 (k + 8)x + 4 = 0
So, a = 1, b = (k + 8) and c = 4
Since the roots are equal,
then
b2 4ac = 0
[(k + 8)]2 4(1)(4) = 0

(k + 8)2 16 = 0

(k + 8)2 = 16

k + 8 = 4

k = 4 8

= 4 8 or 4 8

= 4 or 12

Multiply both sides by 4,

5x2 9x 8 = 0
So, a = 5, b = 9 and c = 8
b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a
(9)2 4(5)(8)
(9) ABBBBBBBBBBB
=
2(5)
9 ABBB
241
=
10
9 ABBB
241
241
9 + ABBB
= or
10
10
= 2.452 or 0.6524

5.
3x(x 2) = 4x k

3x2 6x = 4x k
2
3x 6x 4x + k = 0
3x2 10x + k = 0
So, a = 3, b = 10 and c = k

3x 5

= 4x
1 2x

3x 5 = 4x(1 2x)

3x 5 = 4x 8x2
2
8x x 5 = 0
So, a = 8, b = 1 and c = 5

2.

Since the roots are distinct,

b2 4ac . 0
then (10)2 4(3)k . 0

100 12k . 0

12k . 100
100

k ,
12
25

k ,
3

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a
(1) ABBBBBBBBBBB
(1)2 4(8)(5)
=
2(8)
161
1 ABBB
=
16
1 ABBB
1 + ABBB
161
161
= or
16
16
= 0.856 or 0.731

1. Substitute x = 5 into 3x2 px + 6 = 0,

3(5)2 p(5) + 6 = 0
75 5p + 6 = 0

5p = 81
81

p =
5


 2. 2x2 + px + q = 0
p
q
x2 + x + = 0
2
2

x
x 4 =
x+2
(x 4)(x + 2) = x
x2 + 2x 4x 8 = x

x2 3x 8 = 0
So, a = 1, b = 3 and c = 8

5.

p
Sum of roots =
2
p

2 + (3) =
2
p

1 =
2

p = 2

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a
(3) ABBBBBBBBBBB
(3)2 4(1)(8)
=
2(1)
3 ABB
41
=
2
3 ABB
3 + ABB
41
41
= or
2
2
= 4.702 or 1.702

q
Product of roots =
2
q

2(3) =
2

q = 12
3.
px2 + 2x = px + q 1
px2 + 2x + px + 1 q = 0
px2 + (2 + p)x + 1 q = 0
2+p
1 q
x2 + x + = 0
p
p

2 1

1 q
Product of roots =
p
1
q
1

(4) =

2
4

Multiply both sides by 5,

6y = 5y2 5
5y2 6y 5 = 0
So, a = 5, b = 6 and c = 5

2+p
Sum of roots =
p
1
2
+ (4) =
p 1
2
2
5

p = 2
4

p =
5

6
6. y = y2 1
5

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a
(6)2 4(5)(5)
(6) ABBBBBBBBBBB
=
2(5)
6 ABBBBBBB
36 + 100
=
10
ABBB
6 136
=
10
6 ABBB
6 + ABBB
136
136
= or
10
10
= 1.766 or 0.5662

1 2

5
2 = (1 q)
4
5
5
= q
4
4
13
5
q =
4
4
13
q =
5

7. x2 6x + 1 = (x2 6x + 32) 32 + 1

= (x 3)2 8
Compare (x 3)2 8 with (x + m)2 + n,
therefore m = 3 and n = 8.
8.
x2 4x + 2 = 0
x2 4x + 22 22 + 2 = 0

(x 2)2 2 = 0

4.
(x 1)(x + 2) = 3(x 1)
x2 + 2x x 2 = 3x 3
x2 + x 2 3x + 3 = 0

x2 2x + 1 = 0

(x 1)2 = 0

x = 1

Hence, a = 1, b = 2 and c = 2.

Completing
the square

 9.

h
13. 2x2 kx + = 0
2
k
h
2
x x + = 0
2
4

3x2 6x 1 = 0
1

x2 2x = 0
3
1
2
2
2
x 2x + 1 1 = 0
3
1
2

(x 1) 1 = 0
3
4

(x 1)2 = 0
3

k
Sum of roots =
2
k

4 + (5) =
2
k

1 =
2

k = 2

4
Hence, a = 1, b = 1 and c = .
3

h
Product of roots =
4
h

4(5) =
4

h = 80

10.

2x2 + 4x + 1 = 0
1

x2 + 2x + = 0
2
1
2
2
2
x + 2x + 1 1 + = 0
2
1

(x + 1)2 = 0
2

14. 2x2 + 4x 7 = 0
7
x2 + 2x = 0
2

2x2 + 4x + 1 = 8
1
(x + 1)2 = 8
2
1

(x + 1)2 = 8 +
2
17

=
2

ABBB
ABBB

17
(x + 1) =
2

17 or 1

2
= 1.915 or 3.915

x = 1 +

7
a + b = 2 and ab =
2
Sum of the roots 2a and 2b = 2a + 2b

= 2(a + b)

= 2(2)

= 4
Product of the roots 2a and 2b = (2a)(2b)

= 4ab
7

=4
2

= 14

ABBB
17

1
11. Sum of roots = + (5)
3
1

=5
3
14

=
3

Hence, the quadratic equation is

x2 (4)x + (14) = 0

x2 + 4x 14 = 0
15. Let a and 3a are the roots of quadratic equation

2x2 2 = 8x 4k
2
2x 8x + 4k 2 = 0
x2 4x + 2k 1 = 0

1 2

1
Product of roots = (5)
3
5

=
3

Sum of roots = 4

a + 3a = 4

4a = 4

a = 1

Therefore, the quadratic equation is

14
5
x2 x + = 0
3
3
14
5
2

x + x = 0
3
3

3x2 + 14x 5 = 0

2 1

Product of roots = 2k

a(3a) = 2k

3a2 = 2k

3(1)2 = 2k

2k = 4

k = 2

12. 2x2 + 6x 9 = 0
9
x2 + 3x = 0
2
(a) Sum of roots = 3
9
(b) Product of roots =
2

1
1
1
1

 16. 3x2 5x 2 = 0
(3x + 1)(x 2) = 0
1

x = or 2
3

19.
3px 5 = (qx)2 1

3px 5 = q2x2 1
q2x2 3px 1 + 5 = 0
q2x2 3px + 4 = 0
So, a = q2, b = 3p and c = 4

1
Since a . 0 and b , 0, then a = 2 and b =
3
3
Sum of roots = (a 1) + b +
4
1
3

= (2 1) + +
3
4
1
3

= 1 +
3
4
17

=
12

1
1

1
1

1 2 1 2

3
Product of roots = (a 1) b +
4
1
3

= (2 1) +
3
4
4
+
9

= (1)
12
5

=
12

Since the roots are equal,

then b2 4ac = 0
(3p)2 4q2(4) = 0

9p2 16q2 = 0

9p2 = 16q2
p2
16

=
q2
9
p 2
4 2

=

q
3
p
4
=

q
3

p : q = 4 : 3

20. 4x2 5x + t + 2 = 0
So, a = 4, b = 5 and c = t + 2
Since the roots are distinct,
then
b2 4ac . 0
(5)2 4(4)(t + 2) . 0
25 16t 32 . 0

16t . 7
7

t ,
16

17
5
Hence, the quadratic equation is x2 x + = 0
12
12

12x2 17x + 5 = 0
17. x2 + (1 p)x + 4 = 0
So, a = 1, b = 1 p and c = 4

21. (p 1)x2 8x = 4
(p 1)x2 8x 4 = 0
So, a = p 1, b = 8 and c = 4

Since the roots are equal,

then
b2 4ac = 0
(1 p)2 4(1)(4) = 0

(1 p)2 = 16

1 p = 4

p = 4 1

p = 4 1 or 4 1

p = 3 or 5

Since the roots are not real,

then
b2 4ac , 0
(8)2 4(p 1)(4) , 0

64 + 16p 16 , 0

16p + 48 , 0

16p , 48
48

p ,
16

p , 3

18.
x2 2x = 9(2x 5) 5p

= 18x 45 5p
x2 2x 18x + 45 + 5p = 0

x2 20x + 45 + 5p = 0
So, a = 1, b = 20 and c = 45 + 5p

22. Given y = 3x k................................. 1

and y = 4 x2. ................................ 2

Since the roots are equal,

then
b2 4ac = 0
(20)2 4(1)(45 + 5p) = 0

400 180 20p = 0

220 20p = 0

20p = 220
220

p =
20

= 11

Substitute 1 into 2,

3x k = 4 x2
x2 + 3x k 4 = 0
So, a = 1, b = 3 and c = k 4

Since the straight line intersects the curve at two

different points,
then b2 4ac . 0
32 4(1)(k 4) . 0

9 + 4k + 16 . 0

4k + 25 . 0

4k . 25
25
k .
4

 23. Given y = 2x 1................................. 1

and y = x2 + p.................................. 2

Substitute 1 into 2,

2x 1 = x2 + p
x2 2x + 1 + p = 0
So, a = 1, b = 2 and c = 1 + p
Since the straight line is a tangent to the curve,
then
b2 4ac = 0
(2)2 4(1)(1 + p) = 0

4 4 4p = 0

4p = 0

p = 0

24. x px + q = 0
So, a = 1, b = p and c = q

Since the roots are equal,

then b2 4ac = 0
(p)2 4(1)(q) = 0

p2 4q = 0............................... 1
Given q + p2 = 1............................... 2

1 2

(b)

px2 + 2px + p = 3x
px2 + 2px + 3x + p = 0
p x2 + (2p + 3)x + p = 0
So, a = p, b = (2p + 3) and c = p

Since p2 . 0 and q2 . 0 for all values of p and q,

then
p2 + q2 . for all values of x.
That is, b2 4ac . 0 for all values of x.

Hence, the quadratic equation has roots for all

values of p and q.

25. (a) 4x 6 + 3x2 = 0

3x2 + 4x 6 = 0

So, a = 3, b = 4 and c = 6

(b) Given a and b are the roots of 3x2 8x + 2 = 0.

ABB

1
b2 4ac = (p q)2 4(1) pq
2

= p2 2pq + q2 + 2pq

= p2 + q2

2 1, 5q = 1
1

q =
5
1
Substitute q = into 1,
5
1
p2 4 = 0
5
4
p2 = 0
5
4

p2 =
5
4

p =
5

= 0.8944 or 0.8944

b ABBBBBB
b2 4ac
x =
2a
4 ABBBBBBBBB
42 4(3)(6)
=
2(3)
88
4 ABB
=
6
4 + ABB
4 ABB
88
88
= or
6
6
= 0.8968 or 2.230

1
x2 + px pq = qx
2
1
2
x + px qx pq = 0
2
1
x2 + (p q)x pq = 0
2
1
So, a = 1, b = p q and c = pq
2

26. (a)

Since the roots are not real,

then
b2 4ac , 0
2
(2p + 3) 4(p)(p) , 0
4p2 + 12p + 9 4p2 , 0

12p + 9 , 0

12p , 9
3

p ,
4

10

3x2 8x + 2 = 0
8
2
x 2 x + = 0
3
3
Sum of roots = a + b
8

=
3
Product of roots = ab
2

=
3
2
2
,
For the roots
a and
b
2
2
Sum of roots =
a +
b
2b + 2a

=
ab
2(b + a)

=
ab
8
2
3

=
2

3
8
3

=2
3
2

=8

1 2








27. (a)

1 21 2

2 2
Product of roots =
a
b
4

=
ab
4

=
2

3
3

=4
2

=6
2
Hence, the quadratic equation with roots
a and
2

is x2 8x + 6 = 0.
b

Substitute 1 into 2,
x2 3x = (1 px)2 3(1 px)
x2 3x = 1 2px + p2x2 3 + 3px
p2x2 x2 + 3x 2px + 3px + 1 3 = 0

(p2 1)x2 + (3 + p)x 2 = 0
So, a = p2 1, b = 3 + p and c = 2

Since the straight line touches the curve at only

one point,
then
b2 4ac = 0
(3 + p)2 4(p2 1)(2) = 0
9 + p2 + 6p + 8p2 8 = 0

9p2 + 6p + 1 = 0

(3p + 1)2 = 0

3p + 1 = 0
1

p =
3

Sum of roots = a + b

=6
Product of roots = ab

=p
Also given 2x2 + qx + 28 = 0 has roots 2a and 2b.
q

x2 + x + 14 = 0
2
q
Sum of roots =
2
q

2a + 2b =
2
q
2(a + b) =
2
q

2(6) =
2

q = 24
Product of roots = 14

(2a)(2b) = 14

4ab = 14

4p = 14
14

p =
4
7

=
2
(b) Given k and 2k and the roots of the quadratic
equation x2 + hx + p = 0.

(b) 2x2 4x + 1 = 0
1

x2 2x + = 0
2

Sum of roots = a + b


=2

Hence, the equation is

17
x2 6x + = 0
2
2x2 12x + 17 = 0

28. Given x2 6x + p = 0 has roots a and b.

Given y + px 1 = 0

y = 1 px.................. 1
and
x2 3x = y(y 3)

x2 3x = y2 3y................. 2

Product of roots = ab
1

=
2
Sum of new roots = (a + 2) + (b + 2)

=a+b+4

=2+4


=6

Product of new roots = (a + 2)(b + 2)

= ab + 2(a + b) + 4
1

= + 2(2) + 4
2
1

= 8
2
17

=
2

Sum of roots = k + 2k

= h

3k = h
h

k = .................... 1
3
Product of roots = k(2k)

= p

2k2 = p..................... 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
h 2
2 = p
3
2
h
2 = p
9
2

p = h2
9

1 2

29. (a) a and b are roots of 2x2 = ax b.

2x2 ax + b = 0
a
b

x2 x + = 0
2
2

11

Sum of roots = a + b
a

= ........................ 1
2
Product of roots = ab
b

= ................... 2
2

Given a 2b = 0

a = 2b...................... 3

Substitute 3 into 1,
a
2b + b =
2
a

3b =
2
a

b = . ................................ 4
6

(b)

2tx x = tx2 + t 4
2
tx 2tx + x + t 4 = 0
tx2 + (1 2t)x + t 4 = 0
So, a = t, b = 1 2t and c = t 4

Since the roots are not real,

then
b2 4ac , 0
2
(1 2t) 4(t)(t 4) , 0
1 4t + 4t2 4t2 + 16t , 0

1 + 12t , 0

12t , 1
1

t ,
12

30. (a)

2 1

p+2
Sum of roots =
p
p+2
1

q + =
p
p

1
1

2
2

Multiply both sides by p,

pq + 1 = p 2
pq + p = 3................................... 1

Substitute q = 2 into 1,
p(2) + p = 3

p = 3

p = 3

1 2

4q + 10

Product of roots =
p
4q + 10
1

(q) =
p
p

q = 4q 10

5q = 10

q = 2

Substitute 3 into 2,
b
2b(b) =
2
b
2
b = .................................... 5
4
Substitute 4 into 5,
a 2
b

=
6
4
2
a
b
=
36
4
a2 = 9b

px2 + (p + 2)x = 4q + 10
px2 + (p + 2)x 4q 10 = 0
p+2
4q + 10
x2 + x = 0
p
p

(b)

1 2

31. (a) (h2 + 1)x2 + 2phx + p2 = 0

So, a = (h2 + 1), b = 2ph and c = p2

2px2 + 1 + 2p + 4px = x
2px2 + 4px x + 1 + 2p = 0
2px2 + (4p 1)x + 1 + 2p = 0
So, a = 2p, b = 4p 1 and c = 1 + 2p
Since the roots are distinct,
then
b2 4ac . 0
2
(4p 1) 4(2p)(1 + 2p) . 0
16p2 8p + 1 8p 16p2 . 0

16p + 1 . 0

16p . 1

16p , 1
1

p ,
16

12

b2 4ac = (2ph)2 4(h2 + 1)(p2)

= 4p2h2 4p2h2 4p2

= 4p2
Since 4p2 , 0 for all real non-zero p and
p2 . 0, then b2 4ac , 0.

Therefore, the quadratic equation has no roots.

(b)

x2 + (p + 1)2 = 3px 2x
x2 + 2x 3px + (p + 1)2 = 0
x2 + (2 3p)x + (p + 1)2 = 0
So, a = 1, b = 2 3p and c = (p + 1)2

Since the equation has only one root,

then
b2 4ac = 0
2

(2 3p) 4(1)(p + 1)2 = 0
4 12p + 9p2 4(p2 + 2p + 1) = 0
4 12p + 9p2 4p2 8p 4 = 0

5p2 20p = 0

5p(p 4) = 0

p = 0 or 4

x2 + (2 3p)x + (p + 1)2 = 0
When p = 4,
x2 10x + 25 = 0

(x 5)2 = 0

x = 5

(b) 2x2 4x + 1 = 0
1

x2 2x + = 0
2

Sum of roots = 2


a + b = 2

32. (a)
x2 + 2kx = k 4

x2 + 2kx + 4 k = 0

So, a = 1, b = 2k and c = 4 k

Since x-axis is the tangent to the curve,

then x has only one value.

Therefore, b2 4ac = 0
(2k)2 4(1)(4 k) = 0

4k2 16 + 4k = 0

4k2 + 4k 16 = 0

k2 + k 4 = 0
1 ABBBBBBBBBB
(1)2 4(1)(4)

k =
2(1)
1 + 16
1 ABBBBB

=
2
17
1 ABB

=
2
1 ABB
17
17
1 + ABB

= or
2
2

13

1
Product of roots =
2
1

ab =
2
Sum of the new roots = a2 + b2

= a2 + b2 + 2ab 2ab

= (a + b)2 2ab
1

= (2)2 2
2

= 4 1

=3

1 2

Product of new roots = a2b2

= (ab)2
1 2

=
2
1

=
4
Hence, the quadratic equation is
1
x2 3x + = 0
4
4x2 12x + 1 = 0

1 2