1

8
Circular Measure
1. (a) 180 = 180

180
= rad.
(b) 90 = 90

180
=
1

2
rad.
(c) 120 = 120

180
=
2

3
rad.
(d) 50 = 50

180
=
5

18
rad.
(e) 3030 = 30.5

180
=
61

360
rad.
(f) 4525 = 4525

180
=
109

432
rad.
(g) 120.3 = 120.3

180
=
401

600
rad.
2. (a) 2 rad. = 2
180

= 360
(b)
1

4
rad. =
1

4

180

= 45
(c) 0.35 rad. = 0.35
180

= 63
(d)
5

6
rad. =
5

6

180

= 150
3. s = rq
= 10
1

4

= 7.854 cm
Arc length AB = 7.854 cm
4. s = rq
= 8
1
35

180
2
= 4.887 cm
Arc length PQ = 4.887 cm
5. (a) s = rq

22

7
= r
1
1

3

2
r =
22

7

3

= 3
Therefore, radius = 3 cm
(b) s = rq
2.2 = 3q
q =
2.2

3
= 0.7333
Therefore, BOC = 0.7333 rad.
6. (a) s = rq
= 10
1
60

180
2
= 10.47 cm
Arc length AB = 10.47 cm
(b)
30
10 cm
C
O
B
A
2
In BOC,
sin 30 =
BC

10
BC = 10 sin 30
= 5 cm
AB = 2 5
= 10 cm
Perimeter of segment AB = 10.47 + 10
= 20.47 cm
7.
12 cm
0.25 rad.
Q
O
P
R
s = rq
Arc length PQ = 12 0.5
= 6 cm
In POR,
0.25 rad. = 0.25
180

= 14.32
sin 14.32 =
PR

12
PR = 12 sin 14.32
= 2.968 cm
PQ = 2 2.968
= 5.936 cm
Hence, perimeter of segment PQ = 6 + 5.936
= 11.936 cm
8. (a) OB =
1

2
OD
=
1

2
20
= 10 cm
Arc length AB = rq
= 10 1
= 10 cm
(b) Arc length CD = rq
= 20 1
= 20 cm
9. (a)
5

c
m
1
4
.
2

c
m

P
B
A
O
Q
OP : PB = 3 : 1
OB : OP = 4 : 3

OB

OP
=
4

3
OB =
4

3
OP
=
4

3
5
=
20

3
In AOB, s = rq
14.2 =
20

3
q
q = 14.2
3

20
= 2.13 rad.
Therefore, AOB = 2.13 rad.
(b) Arc length PQ =
3

4
Arc length AB
=
3

4
14.2
= 10.65 cm
10. (a) AOC : BOC = 1 : 2
BOC =
2

3
180
= 120
Arc length BC =
120

180
(r)
=
120

180
(12)
= 25.13 cm
(b) Arc length AC = rq
= 12
1
60

180
2
= 12.57 cm
The perimeter of sector AOC = 2 12 + 12.57
= 36.57 cm
11. (a) Radius =
1

2
16
= 8 cm
Area of minor sector AOB =
1

2
r
2
q
=
1

2
8
2
1.2
= 38.4 cm
2
(b) BOC = ( 1.2) rad.
Area of minor sector BOC =
1

2
r
2
q
=
1

2
8
2

( 1.2)
= 62.13 cm
2
3
12. Area of the sector =
1

2
r
2
q
58 =
1

2
r
2
(0.57)
r
2
=
2 58

0.57
r =
ABBBBB
2 58

0.57
= 14.27 cm
13. Area of the sector =
1

2
r
2
q
140 =
1

2
20
2
q
q =
2 140

20
2
= 0.7 rad.
14. 30 = 30

180
=

6
rad.
The area of segment PQR
= Area of sector POR Area of POR
=
1

2
r
2
q
1

2
r
2
sin q
=
1

2
r
2
(q sin q)
=
1

2
(14)
2
1

6
sin 30
2
= 2.313 cm
2
15. Given arc length AB : arc length BC = 1 : 2
AOB =
1

2
45
= 22.5
=
1
22.5

180
2
rad.
Area of sector AOB
=
1

2
r
2
q
=
1

2
10
2

1
22.5

180
2
= 19.63 cm
2
16. (a) Given AOB : BOC = 1 : 2
BOC =
2

3
90
= 60
=

3
rad.
Given area of sector BOC = 120 cm
2

1

2
r
2
q = 120

1

2
r
2
1

3
2
= 120
r
2
=
6 120

r =
ABBBB
720

= 15.14 cm
(b) AOB = 30
=

6
rad.
Area of segment AB
= Area of sector AOB Area of AOB
=
1

2
r
2
q
1

2
r
2
sin q
=
1

2
r
2
(q sin q )
=
1

2
(15.14)
2
1

6
sin 30
2
= 2.705 cm
2
1. Given the perimeter of the sector = 30 cm
(2 10) + Arc length PQ = 30
Arc length PQ = 10 cm
Arc length PQ = 10 cm
rq = 10
10q = 10
q = 1 rad.
2. Major angle AOB = 2 0.412
Major arc length AB = 84.31 cm
rq = 84.31
r(2 0.412) = 84.31
r =
84.31

2 0.412
= 14.36 cm
3. (a) Angle of major sector AOB = 360 72
= 288
= 288

180
= 5.027 rad.
(b) Given major arc AB = 120 cm
rq = 120
r(5.027) = 120
r =
120

5.027
= 23.87 cm
4
4. (a) OR = OQ RQ
= 13 1
= 12 cm
In OPR,
cos q =
OR

PO
=
12

13
q = 0.3948 rad.
(b) The area of the shaded region
= Area of sector POQ Area of POR
=
1

2
r
2
q
1

2
(RO) (PR)
=
1

2
(13)
2
(0.3948)
1

2
(12)(5)
= 3.361 cm
2
5. (a)
O
B
A C
ABC =
1

2
q
Minor angle of AOC =
1

2
q
q +
1

2
q = 2

3

2
q = 2
q = 2
2

3
=
4

3
rad.
(b) AOB =
1

2
AOC
=
1

2
1
1

2

4

3

2
=
1

3
rad.
Minor arc length AB = rq
= 10
1

3

=
10

3

= 10.47 cm
(c) Area of the shaded region
= Area of sector BOC Area of BOC
=
1

2
r
2
q
1

2
r
2
sin q
=
1

2
r
2
(q sin q)
=
1

2
10
2

1
1

3
sin 60
2
= 50
1
1

3
sin 60
2
= 9.059 cm
2
6. (a)
OB

OQ
=
3

1

OB

4
= 3
OB = 12 cm
AO = 12 cm
In POQ, cos

3
=
OQ

OP
=
4

OP
OP =
4

cos

3
= 8 cm
\ AP = AO OP
= 12 8
= 4 cm
(b) In POQ,
PQ
2
= PO
2
OQ
2
= 8
2
4
2
= 48
PQ = 6.928 cm
QB = OB OQ
= 12 4
= 8 cm
Arc length AB = rq
= 12
1

3
2
= 4
= 12.57 cm
The perimeter of the shaded region
= 6.928 + 8 + 4 + 12.57
= 31.5 cm
7. (a) PR =
1

2
PO
=
1

2
(12)
= 6 cm
Arc length RS = 4
6 RPS = 4
RPS =
2

3
radian
PR
2
= PO
2
RO
2
= 13
2
12
2
PR = 5 cm
5
(b) Area of sector OPQ = 82 cm
2

1

2
r
2
q = 82

1

2
12
2
q = 82
q =
164

144
=
41

36
rad.
Arc length PQ = 12
41

36
=
41

3
cm
The perimeter of the shaded region
= Arc length PQ + PS + Arc length RS + RO + OQ
=
41

3
+ 6 + 4 + 6 + 12
= 41.67 cm
8. (a) COR = ABD
=

6
rad.
CO =
1

2
AO
=
1

2
(10)
= 5 cm
RO =
1

2
PO
=
1

2
(10)
= 5 cm
Therefore, COR is a sector with O as the centre
and radius 5 cm.
The area of the shaded region =
1

2
5
2

6
= 6.545 cm
2
(b) Arc length CR = 5

6
= 2.618 cm
The perimeter of the shaded region
= 2.618 + 2 5
= 12.618 cm
(c) AOP =

6
=
5

6
rad.
Arc length AP = 10
1
5

6

2
= 26.18 cm
1. (a) Radius =
19 4

2
=
15

2
= 7.5 cm
(b) q =
s

r
=
4

7.5
= 0.533 rad.
2.
O
6.5 cm
B A
C
D
BOC = 60
=

3
rad.
Let D be the midpoint of chord AC, AOD =

3
rad.
In AOD,
sin

3
=
AD

AO
=
AD

6.5
AD = 6.5 sin

3
= 5.63 cm
Chord AC = 2 5.63
= 11.26 cm
Arc length AC = 6.5
2

3
= 13.61 cm
The perimeter of the shaded region
= 11.26 + 13.61
= 24.87 cm
3. Arc length PQ =
28

11
r
1
2

7
2
=
28

11
r =
28

11

7

2
=
98

11
Circumference of the circle = 2r
= 2
1
22

7
21
98

11
2
= 56 cm
6
4. Arc length AB : Arc length BC = 1 : 2
Arc length BC : Arc length AC =
2

3
: 1
= 2 : 3
Hence, arc length AB : arc length BC : arc length AC
= 1 : 2 : 3
BOC =
2

6
2
=
2

3
rad.
The area of sector BOC =
1

2
r
2
q
=
1

2
7
2

2

3

= 51.31 cm
2
5. (a) Arc length AB = 3
r
1

3
2
= 3
r = 3
3

= 9 cm
Therefore, radius = 9 cm
(b)
O 9 cm
B
A
C
Let C be the midpoint of AB.
BOC =
1

2
1

3
rad.
2
=

6
rad.
In BOC, sin

6
=
BC

9
BC = 9 sin

6
= 4.5 cm
\ Chord AB = 2 4.5
= 9 cm
6. Given OB = 10 cm
\ OA =
1

2
(10)
= 5 cm
AOD =
Arc length AD

OA
= 1 rad.
The area of the shaded region
= Area of sector BOC Area of sector AOD
=
1

2
10
2
1
1

2
5
2
1
= 37.5 cm
2
7. (a) Arc length RQ = 12
1
45

180
2
= 9.425 cm
The perimeter of sector PQR
= (2 12) + 9.425
= 33.425 cm
(b) The area of sector PQR
=
1
1

2
12
2

4
2
cm
2
The volume of the slice of the cake
=
1

2
12
2

4
3
= 169.6 cm
3
8. (a)
Area of minor sector

Area of major sector

=
1

2
r
2
1
60

180
2

1

2
r
2
1
300

180
2
=
1

5
Area of minor sector AOB : Area of major sector AOB
= 1 : 5
(b) Major arc length AB = 14 300

180
= 73.30 cm
The perimeter = 73.30 + (2 14)
= 101.3 cm
9. (a) AD = AB
= 10 cm
Given
DC

AD
=
1

5
DC =
1

5
AD
=
1

5
10
= 2 cm
(b) Arc length BD = 10 0.5
= 5 cm
BOC = 2 BAD
= 2 0.5
= 1 rad.
BC = rq
=
1
12

2
2
(1)
= 6 cm
The perimeter of the shaded region
= 6 + 2 + 5
= 13 cm
7
10. (a) Given the perimeter of sector BOC
= Arc length AB
2r + rq = ( q)r
2 + q = q
2q = 2
q =
2

2
= 0.5708
(b) Arc length BC = rq
= 6 0.5708
= 3.425 cm
Perimeter of sector BOC
= 2 6 + 3.425
= 15.425 cm
11. (a) In sector AOB,
q =
Arc length AB

OB
=
8

12
= 0.6667 rad.
= 3812
(b)
Arc length CD

Arc length AB
=
3

2

OD

OB
=
3

2

OD

12
=
3

2
OD = 18 cm
y = 18 12
= 6
(c) The area of the shaded region
= Area of sector DOC Area of sector BOA
=
1

2
18
2

2

3

1

2
12
2

2

3
= 60 cm
2
12. (a)
R
Q
8 cm
8 cm
2 cm
18 cm
B A
S
P
In PRS,
PS
2
= 18
2
2
2
PS = 17.89
Therefore, AB = 17.89 cm
(b) cos PRB =
2

18
PRB = cos
1

1
1

9
2
= 8337
(c) RPA = (90 8337) + 90
= 9623
Area of the shaded region
= Area of trapezium ABSRQP
Area of sector APQ Area of sector BRQ
=
1

2
(8 + 10)(17.89)
1

2
8
2

1
9623

180
2


1

2
10
2

1
8337

180
2
= 161.01 53.83 72.97
= 34.21 cm
2
13. (a)
4 cm
5 cm
F
O
R
P
In FOR,
OR = ABBBBB 5
2
4
2
= 3 cm
PR = PO OR
= 5 3
= 2 cm
(b) In ROF,
sin ROF =
4

5
ROF = 538
EOF = 2 538
= 10616
= 1.855 rad.
Arc length EPF = 5(1.855)
= 9.275 cm
(c) Area of EOF =
1

2
8 3
= 12 cm
2
Area of sector EOF =
1

2
5
2
1.855
= 23.19 cm
2
Area of segment EPFR = 23.19 12
= 11.19 cm
2
14. (a)
6 cm
6 cm 6 cm
6 cm
4 cm 4 cm
B A
C
P
R Q
8
In PBC,
PC = ABBBBBB 10
2
6
2
= 8 cm
cos PBC =
6

10
PBC = cos
1

1
3

5
2
= 538
= 0.9273 rad.
PAC = 0.9273 rad.
ACB = 2 0.9273
= 1.287 rad.
Area of the shaded region
= Area of ABC Area of sector QCR
Area of sector PBR Area of sector PAQ
=
1

2
12 8
1

2
4
2
1.287
1

2
6
2
0.9273

1

2
6
2
0.9273
= 4.321 cm
2
(b) Perimeter of the shaded region
= Arc length QR + Arc length PQ + Arc length PR
= 4(1.287) + 6(0.9273) + 6(0.9273)
= 16.28 cm
15. (a)
7 cm
20
20
7 cm
B C
O
F
sin 20 =
BF

BO
=
BF

7
BF = 7 sin 20
= 2.394 cm
BC = 2 2.394
= 4.788 cm
Therefore, the radius of sector ADBC is 4.788 cm.
(b) Area of the shaded region
= Area of sector OACB Area of AOC
Area of BOC
=
1

2
7
2

1
80

180
2

1

2
7
2
sin 40

1

2
7
2
sin 40
= 2.712 cm
2
(c) Minor angle of ACB = 2 70
= 140
Major angle of ACB = 360 140
= 220
= 220

180
= 3.84 rad.
Arc length ADB = (4.788)(3.84)
= 18.39 cm
16. (a)
120
B
A
C
D
O
ABC =
1

2
(120)
= 60
AOC = 2 60
= 120
The arc length of minor sector ADC
= rq
= 9
1
120

180
2
= 6 cm
(b) DOC =
1

2
AOC
=
1

2
(120)
= 60
=

3
rad.
Area of the shaded region
= Area of sector DOC Area of DOC
=
1

2
(9)
2
1

3
2

1

2
(9)
2
sin 60
=
27

2

81

2
1
AB
3

2
2
=
1
27

2

81
AB
3

4
2
cm
2
17. (a)
6 cm
8

c
m
B
A
C
O
In AOC,
tan AOC =
8

6
AOC = tan
1

1
8

6
2
9
BOC = 2 tan
1

1
8

6
2
= 10616
= 1.855 rad.
The minor arc length BC = 6(1.855)
= 11.13 cm
(b) Area of AOC =
1

2
8 6
= 24 cm
2
Area of sector BOC =
1

2
6
2
1.855
= 33.39 cm
2
Area of the shaded region = 2 24 33.39
= 14.61 cm
2
18. (a)
C(3, 0)
B(3, )
A(0, 6)
O
4
15
x
y
E

x

3
+
y

6
= 1
Hence, A(0, 6) and C(3, 0).
AE = AO EO
= 6
15

4
=
9

4
units
EB = 3 units
In ABE, tan ABE =
AE

EB
=
9

4

3
=
3

4
ABE = tan
1

1
3

4
2
= 3652
= 0.6435 rad.
ABC =

2
+ 0.6435
= 2.214 rad.
(b) Arc length AC =
1
15

4
2
(2.214)
= 8.303 cm
(c) The area of the shaded region
= Area of sector ABC Area of ABC
=
1

2

1
15

4
2
2
2.214
1

2

1
15

4
2
2
sin (12652)
=
1

2

1
15

4
2
2
(2.214 sin 12652)
= 9.94 cm
2
19. (a) AOC =
Arc length AC

AO
=
1

2
r

r
=
1

2
rad.
BOD = AOC
=
1

2
rad.
(b) Given arc length BD = 2 Arc length AC
\ AO =
1

2
BO
=
1

2
(8)
= 4 cm
Arc length AC = 4
1
1

2
2
= 2 cm
Arc length BD = 2 2
= 4 cm
The perimeter of the diagram
= Arc length AC + Arc length BD + AO + CO
+ DO + BO
= 2 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 8 + 8
= 30 cm
(c)
4
rad.
1
8 cm
O
B
E
D
In BOE,
sin
1
1

4

180

2
=

BE

8
BE = 8 sin
1
1

4

180

2
Chord BD = 2 8 sin
1
1

4

180

2
= 3.958 cm
10
20. (a) Area of sector ABC = 4 Area of sector ADE

1

2
R
2
q = 4
1
1

2
r
2
q
2

R
2

r
2
= 4

1
R

r
2
2
= 4

R

r
= 2
R = 2r
Given arc length BC = 12 cm
Rq = 12 ................. 1
Area of sector ADE = 25

1

2
r
2
q = 25

1

2
1
R

2
2
2
q = 25

1

2
1
R
2

4
q
2
= 25

R
2

8
q = 25 ............... 2
From 1, q =
12

R
.............................. 3
Substitute 3 into 2,

R
2

8
1
12

R
2
= 25
R =
25 8

12
= 52.4 cm
Therefore, the length of AB = 52.4 cm
(b) Arc length BC = 12 cm
52.4 q = 12
q =
12

52.4
= 0.229 rad.
Therefore, BAC = 0.229 rad.
(c) Area of the shaded region
= Area of ABC Area of sector ADE
=
1

2
52.4
2
sin
1
0.229
180

2


1

2

1
52.4

2
2
2
(0.229)
= 233.1 cm
2
R = Radius, AB
r = Radius, AD
21. (a)
Arc length AB

OA
= AOB
AOB =
OA

OA
= 1 radian
Given the area of sector AOB = 32 cm
2

1

2
r
2
(1) = 32
r
2
= 64
r = 8
Therefore, OB = 8 cm
(b) Given CO =
2

3
BO and
CO

BO
=
2

3
Arc length CD =
2

3
Arc length AB
=
2

3
OA
=
2

3
(8)
=
16

3
cm
(c) Area of sector OCD
=
1
2

3
2
2
Area of sector AOB
=
4

9
32
=
128

9
cm
2