10

Solution of Triangles

1. (a) Using sine rule,

sin BAC
sin ABC

=
BC
AC
sin 50

sin BAC = 12
10


BAC = 6649

(b) ABC = 180 20 38

= 122
AC
(c) =
sin B
AC
=

sin 122

(b) ACB = 180 50 6649

= 6311
AB
AC
=

sin ACB
sin ABC
10


AB = sin 6311
sin 50


= 11.65 cm

PQ
(b) =
sin R
PQ
=

sin 70

PQ
4. (a) =
sin R
PQ
=

sin 50

2. (a) PRQ = 180 50 60

= 70

AB

sin C
5

sin 20
5 sin 122
AC =
sin 20
= 12.4 cm

PR

sin Q
14

sin 50
14
PQ = sin 70
sin 50
= 17.17 cm

QR

sin P
4

sin 30
4
PQ = sin 50
sin 30
= 6.128 cm

(b) PQR = 180 30 50

= 100
PR
RQ
(c) =
sin Q
sin P
PR
4
=

sin 100
sin 30
4 sin 100


PR =
sin 30


= 7.878 cm

RQ
PR
(c) =
sin P
sin Q
14
RQ
=

sin 50
sin 60
14


RQ = sin 60
sin 50


= 15.83 cm

5. (a)

B
10 cm

sin BAC
sin ACB
3. (a) =
BC
AB
sin BAC
sin 20
=

9
5
sin 20

sin BAC = 9
5


BAC = 38

50
C1

8 cm
C2

In ABC2,
sin AC2B
=
AB
sin AC2B
=
10

sin A

BC2
sin 50

8
10
sin AC2B = sin 50
8

AC2B = 7315

AC1B = 180 7315

= 10645

Therefore, the two possible angles of ACB are

7315 and 10645.

(b) In ABC1,

ABC1 = 180 50 10645


= 2315

AC1
8

=
sin 2315
sin 50
8

AC1 = sin 2315
sin 50

= 4.122 cm

In ABC2,
ABC2 = 180 50 7315

= 5645

7. (a)

BC2

sin BAC2
8

sin 50
8
AC2 = sin 5645
sin 50
= 8.734 cm

6. (a)

C1

BC1C2 = BC2C1

= 70

AC1B = 180 70

= 110

In ABC,
BCA = 90
BC
sin 30 =
AB
BC

=
13
BC = 13 sin 30

= 6.5 cm

sin 30
sin BPA
(c) =
13
12
13 sin 30

sin BPA =
12


BPA = 3248

7 cm
70

1
30

(b) 6.5 cm , BC , 13 cm

B
8 cm

m
3c

AC2

=
sin ABC2
AC2

=
sin 5645

AC2
AB

=
sin AC2B
sin ABC2
AC2
8

=
sin 70
sin 5441
8

AC2 = sin 5441
sin 70

= 6.95 cm

C2

ABP = 180 3248 30

= 11712

1 ABC
8. (a) ABE =
2
1 60


=
2


= 30

(b) In ABC1,
sin BAC
sin BC1A
1 =

BC1
AB
sin BAC1
sin 110
=

7
8
7 sin 110

sin BAC1 =
8

BAC1 = 5519

In ABD,
sin 30
sin ADB
=
7
12
7 sin 30
sin ADB =
12

ADB = 1657

(b) DEA = 90

In ADE,

(c) ABC2 = 180 BAC1 BC2A

= 180 5519 70


= 5441

DE
cos ADE =
DA
DE
cos 1657 =
12

DE = 12 cos 1657

= 11.48 cm

(c) BAD = 180 ABE ADB

= 180 30 1657


= 1333

9. BC2 = 102 + 122 2(10)(12) cos 48

= 83.41
BC = 9.133 cm

16. (a) In ABC,

C = 180 30 80


= 70

10. 102 = 8.22 + 7.52 2(8.2)(7.5) cos PQR

8.22 + 7.52 102
cos PQR =
2(8.2)(7.5)
PQR = 7859

7 + 8 14
11. cos ABC =
2(7)(8)

= 0.7411
ABC = 13749
2

sin 50
sin BDC = 12
9.849

BDC = 6858

AB
10
=
sin 70
sin 80
10

AB = sin 70
sin 80

= 9.542 cm

(b) In ABC,

BC2 = 9.5422 + 102 2(9.542)(10) cos 30

BC = 5.077 cm

12. RQ = 5 + 7 2(5)(7) cos 150

= 134.6
RQ = 11.6 cm

1 BC
(c) CE =
2
1 5.077

=
2

= 2.539 cm

180 40
13. (a) BDC =
2


= 70

ADB = 180 70

= 110

1 5 8 sin 30
17. Area of ABC =
2

= 10 cm2

(b) AB = 10 + 8 2(10)(8) cos 110

= 218.7

AB = 14.79 cm
2

1 12 10 sin 120
18. Area of PQR =
2

= 51.96 cm2

14. In ABC,
BC2 = AB2 + AC2
= 122 + 52
BC = 13 cm

19.

Area of ABC = 20 cm2

1
8 13 sin BAC = 20
2
20 2

sin BAC =
8 13

BAC = 2237

13
DC =
2
= 6.5 cm
In ACD,

72 + 6.52 52
cos ADC =
2(7)(6.5)
ADC = 4317

15. (a)

52 + 62 2.5392
cos CDE =
2(5)(6)
CDE = 2436

1 5 8 sin 25
20. Area of ABC =
2
1 5 8 sin 25 10
Volume of the prism =
2

= 84.52 cm3

In ABD,
BD2 = 82 + 32 2(8)(3) cos 120
= 97
BD = 9.849 cm

21. (a) In ABC,

AC
10

=
sin 70
sin 50

(b) In BCD,
sin BDC
sin BCD

=
BC
BD
sin 50
sin BDC

=
12
9.849


10
AC = sin 70
sin 50
= 12.27 cm

(c) In ABC,

BCA = 180 (30 + 130)


= 20

(b) In ACV,

12
tan ACV =
12.27
ACV = 4422

Therefore, the angle between the line AC and the

plane ABC is 4422.

22. (a)

1 6 12 sin 12151
(d) Area of ACD =
2


= 30.58 cm2

6 cm
A

In ABD,
DB2 = 62 + 82
DB = 10 cm

In VOB,

2. (a) (i)

VO
tan VBO =
BO
VO
tan 30 =
5

VO = 5 tan 30

= 2.887 cm

(b)

8 cm

1 DB
BO =
2
1 (10)
=
2
=5

V
2.887 cm
O

BC
5
=
sin 30
sin 20
5

BC = sin 30
sin 20

= 7.31 cm

(ii)

In ACD,
DC2 = 82 + 9.92 2(8)(9.9) cos 50
= 60.19
DC = 7.758 cm

(iii) Area of quadrilateral ABCD

= Area of ABC + Area of ACD
1 7 9.9 sin 30 +

=
2
1 8 9.9 sin 50


2

= 47.66 cm2

Let E be the midpoint of BC.

2.887
tan VEO =
4
VEO = 3549

sin BAC
sin 30
=
7
5.2
sin 30
sin BAC = 7
5.2

4 cm

In ABC,

BAC = 4218

(b) (i)
5.2

Angle between the plane VBC and the plane

ABCD is 3549.

cm

B
7 cm
30
A

1. (a) In ABC, given the area of ABC = 20 cm2

1 5 AC sin 30 = 20


2
20 2


AC =
5 sin 30


= 16 cm

102 + 122 152

3. (a) cos ABC =
2(10)(12)

ABC = 8528

(b) In ACD,

(ii) BAC = 180 BAC

= 180 4218


= 13742

62 + 122 162
cos ADC =
2(6)(12)
ADC = 12151

(b) (i)
m
3c

A
12

cm

15 cm
D

50

A
B

10 cm

(ii) DAC = 180 50 627

= 6753

(iii) DAC = 180 50 11753

= 127

Area of ABC =
1
4.2 4.2 sin ABC =
2

sin ABC =

(b)

4.41

40
4.2 cm

Let E be the midpoint of AC,

In ABE,
BE
sin 15 =
4.2
BE = 4.2 sin 15

= 1.087 cm

1.087 cm

In VBE,
3.524
tan BEV =
1.087
BEV = 7251
Therefore, the angle between the plane VAC and
the plane ABC is 7251.

1. (a) BDC = 180 64

= 116

4.41

Given ABC is an
obtuse angle.

4.2 c

3.524 cm

4.41 2

4.2 4.2
ABC = 150

180 150
BAC =
2

= 15

15 0

Area of ACD
1 13 15 sin 127
=
2
= 20.47 cm2

4. (a)

DC
13
=
sin 67 53
sin 50
13 sin 6753

DC =
sin 50

= 15.72 cm

In ACD,
sin ADC
sin 50
=
15
13
sin 50
15
sin ADC =
13

ADC = 627
ADC = 180 627

= 11753

4.2 c
15

VB
tan 40 =
4.2
VB = 4.2 tan 40

= 3.524 cm

CBD = 180 116 32

= 32

Therefore, BD = DC

= 3 cm

In BCD,
BC2 = 32 + 32 2(3)(3) cos 116
= 25.89
BC = 5.088 cm

(b)

In ABC,
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 2(AC)( BC) cos C
= 102 + 5.0882 2(10)(5.088) cos 32
AB = 6.292 cm

(c) Area of ABD

1 AD BD sin BDA

=
2
1 7 3 sin 64

=
2

= 9.437 cm2

 2. (a)

In ABD,
BD2 = 122 + 52
= 169
BD = 13 cm

Area of ACD
1 10 9.644 sin 566
=
2
= 40.02 cm2

In DBC,
DBC = 180 (70 + 60)

= 50

Area of quadrilateral ABCD

= 12.12 + 40.02
= 52.14 cm2

DC
13
=
sin 50
sin 60
13

DC = sin 50
sin 60

= 11.5 cm

4. (a) In PQS,

(b) Area of BCD

1 BD DC sin BDC

=
2
1 13 11.5 sin 70

=
2

= 70.24 cm2

(c) Let the vertical height from B to DC be h.

1 h DC = 70.24


2
1

h 11.5 = 70.24
2
70.24 2


h =
11.5


= 12.22 cm

3. (a)



(b)

In ABC,
AC2 = 42 + 72 2(4)(7) cos 120
= 93
AC = 9.644 cm

DAC = 180 6354 60

= 566

PR = PS + SR
= 9.097 + 4.549
= 13.65 cm

In PQR,
R2 = 82 + 13.652 2(8)(13.65) cos 40
Q
= 83.02
QR = 9.111 cm

1 8 13.65 sin 40
(c) Area of PQR =
2


= 35.1 cm2

ADC = 180 ABC

= 180 120

= 60
In ADC,

1 PS
RS =
2
1 9.097
=
2
= 4.549 cm

(b) QPS = 180 (80 + 60)

= 40

Therefore, the height from B to DC is 12.22 cm.

sin DCA
sin 60
=
9.644
10
sin 60
sin DCA = 10
9.644

DCA = 6354

PS
8
=
sin 80
sin 60
8 sin 80

PS =
sin 60

= 9.097 cm

5. (a) In ABC,
3 cm2


Area of ABC = AB
1 x y sin 60 = AB

3

2
AB3
1 xy


= AB
3

2
2


xy = 4

Using cosine rule,


52 = x2 + y2 2xy cos 60
1


25 = x2 + y2 2xy
2


25 = x2 + y2 xy


25 = (x + y)2 2xy xy


25 = (x + y)2 3xy


25 = (x + y)2 3(4)

(x + y)2 = 37

x + y = ABB
37

1 2

1 2

(c) Area of ABC

1 4 7 sin 120

=
2

= 12.12 cm2

(b) Let h be the vertical height from A to BC.

3

Area of ABC = AB
1
AB


5 h = 3
2
2AB
3


h =
5


= 0.6928 cm

In VOE,

12
tan VEO =
4.33
VEO = 7010

Therefore, the angle between the plane VAB and

the base is 7010.

7. (a)

6. (a) Given volume of the cone = 100 cm3

1 r2h = 100

3
1

r2 12 = 100
3


r2 = 25


r = 5 cm

E
5 cm
A

12 cm

In ABE,
AE2 = 52 + 122
= 169
AE = 13 cm
V

12 cm

In VOA,
12
tan VAO =
5

5 cm

1 2

Therefore, the angle between the edge VA and the

base is 6723.
O
5 cm 30 30 5 cm

Let E be the midpoint of AB.

In AOE,
OE
cos 30 =
5
OE = 5 cos 30

= 4.33 cm

15.49 cm

12 cm

50
13 cm

In AEV,
AE
cos 50 =
AV
13


=
AV
13


AV =
cos 50


= 20.22 cm
(b) In AVE,
VE

tan 50 =
AE
VE


=
13

VE = 13 tan 50


= 15.49 cm

12
VAO = tan1
5
= 6723

(b)

O 4.33 cm E

12 cm

Let F be the midpoint of AD,

In EFV,
15.49
tan VFE =
12
VFE = 5214
Therefore, the angle between the planes VDA and
VCB is 5214.

(c)

8. (a) In ABC,

sin BCA
sin 30
=
4
5
4 sin 30
sin BCA =
5

BCA = 2335

BAC = 180 2335 30

= 12625

15.49 cm

5 cm

In BVE,
15.49
tan VBE =
5
VBE = 727

Therefore, the angle between the plane VAB and

the base ABCD is 727.

1 BC
(b) EB =
2
1 (8.047)

=
2

= 4.024 cm

(d) In VBE,

VB2 = 15.492 + 52

VB = 16.28 cm
V
22

.
20

cm

12 cm

BC
5
=
sin 12625
sin 30
5 sin 12625

BC =
sin 30

= 8.047 cm

16.28 cm

Area of AEC
1 5 4.024 sin 2335
=
2
= 4.025 cm2

Since ED = 2AE
\ Area of CDE = 2 4.025

= 8.05 cm2

20.222 + 16.282 122

cos AVB =
2(20.22)(16.28)
AVB = 3624