Integration

14

1.

2.

g(x) dx = f(x) + c
3h(x) dx = 3 h(x) dx
= 3f(x) + c

3.

6(3x + 1) dx = 9x + 6x + c
2

4.

(e)

3x + c
(8 3x ) dx = 8x
3

(f)

x(x 4x) dx = (x 4x ) dx

(g)

2(x 1)(3x 4) dx
= 2(3x 4x 3x + 4) dx
= (6x 8x 6x + 8) dx

6(3x + 1) dx = 9x2 + 6x + c

9 x +
6x +
c
\ (3x + 1) dx =
6
6
6

6 (3x + 1) dx = 9x + 6x + c
2

3 x2 + x +
c
=
2
6

(h)
5.

23 h(x) dx = f(x) + c
2 h(x) dx = f(x) + c

3
h(x) dx = 32 [f(x) + c]

6. (a)

x +c
x dx =
5
5

(b)

2x + c
2x dx =
6

(c)

3 dx = 3x + c

(d)

1 x6 + c
=
3

3 dx =

35 x
5x

(i)

(j)
dx

x1 + c
3
=
5 1
3 +c
=
5x

= 8x x3 + c
2

1 x4
4 x3 + c
=
4
3

6x4
8x3
6x2 + 8x + c
=
4
3
2
3
8
4
3
2
= x x 3x + 8x + c
2
3
3x 4x + 1
2 dx
1
x
3x
4x +
1 dx
= 1
2
x
x
x
= (3x 4x + x ) dx
3

3x1
4x2 +
x4 + c
=
1
4
2
2
1
3

+c
= +
x
x2
4x4
(x + 4)(x 4)
x 16 dx =
2 (x 4) dx
1
x 4

= (x + 4) dx
2

1 x2 + 4x + c
=
2

(x + 1)(x + 2)
x + 3x + 2
dx = dx

(x + 2)
x+2

= (x + 1) dx
2

1 x2 + x + c
=
2

dy
7. = 4x2 x + 5
dx
dy
y = dx
dx

u
du
(2x + 3) dx =
2

= (4x x + 5) dx

4 x3
x + 5x + c....................... 1
y =
3
2
Substitute x = 1, y = 1 into 1,
4
1 +5+c
1 =
3
2
41
c =
6
2

11.

u dx = (1 3x) dx
4

(1 3x)5
= + c
5(3)
(1 3x)5
= + c
15

dy
x4 1
8. =
dx
x2
4
x
1

=

x2
x2

= x2 x2

12. (a)

y = (x2 x2) dx

1 x3
x1 + c
=
3
1
1
1 + c........................... 1
3
y = x +
x
3
Substitute y = 3 and x = 2 into 1,
1 (2)3 +
1 +c
3=
3
2
8
1
= + + c
3
2
1
c =
6
1 x3 +
1
1.
Therefore, y =
x
3
6

(b)

(c)

dy
9. = 4x3 8x + 1
dx

y = (4x3 8x + 1) dx
y = x4 4x2 + x + c......................... 1

(d)

Substitute x = 1, y = 1 into 1,
1 = 1 4 + 1 + c
c = 1

Therefore, the equation of the curve is

y = x4 4x2 + x + 1.

10.

4 x3
1 x2 + 5x
41 .
Therefore, y =
3
2
6

u6
= + c
6(2)
u6
= + c
12
(2x + 3)6
= + c
12

(2x + 3) dx
5

13. (a)

Let u = 2x + 3
du
= 2
dx
du
dx =
2

2(5x + 3) dx
4

2(5x + 3)5
= + c
5(5)
2
= (5x + 3)5 + c
25
1
dx
(3x
2)
= (3x 2) dx
4

(3x 2)3
= + c
3(3)
1
=
+c
9(3x 2)3
3
dx
(2
7x)
= 3(2 7x)
2

dx

3(2 7x)1
= + c
(1)(7)
3
= + c
7(2 7x)
2
dx

3(4x 1)
2 (4x 1) dx
=
3
3

(4x 1)2
2
=
+c
2(4)
3
1
= 2 + c
12(4x 1)

3 dx = 33x4

= (3 2) (3 1)
=3

(b)

(c)

(d)

3 dx =

x3

(i)

2 3

14. (a)

3x3 4x
(3x2 4) dx =
3
0
= [23 4(2)] (0)
=0

1
dx =
(2 3x)4

4 3

(2 3x)4 dx

(2 3x)
=
(3)(3)

2(3x 15x2 4 + 20x) dx

2(15x2 + 23x 4) dx
0

23 x2 4x
= 2 5x3 +
2
2
23 (2)2 4(2)]
= 2(0) 2[5(2)3 +
2
= 188

4 3

3 4

4x2
4x dx =
2

= (2 22) (2 12)
=6

4x dx = 32x24

(e)

1
2

= (2 12) (2 22)
= 6

3 4
1
2
1
2

x2
x dx = 4
2 1
2
2
1
= 4
2
2
1
=42
2

1 2

3
=4
2
=6
1

1
1
=

9(4)3
9(1)3
1
1
= +
576
9
7
=
64

= 32x 4

(d)

3 2

1
=
9(2 3x)3

2(3x 4)(1 5x) dx

(g)

(c) 4

1 (3)4
1 (1)4
=
16
16
=5

(2x 3)4
1 (2x 3)3 dx =
1

2
2
4(2)

(b)

1 (2x 3)4
=
16

(2x + 3) dx

1
1
=
2
(4)
1
1
=
2
4
3
=
4

1
=
2x

1 x2 dx

= (1 + 3) (4 6)
=4+2
=6

= 3x2 + 3x4

1 dx =

2x2

2 1

4x2 9
dx
2x 3
2
1 (2x 3)(2x + 3)
=
dx
(2x 3)
2

x1
=
2(1)

3
3
=
2
2
=0

3x3 dx

(f)

2 1

3
=
2x2

3x2
=
2

(e)

(h)

4 1
4 0
=
3
3
4
=
3

4 x3
4x2 dx =
3

4x dx
4x dx = 4 x dx
4x dx =

15. (a) Area =

1
3

y dx
(x2 + 1) dx

(b) Area =

3
1

4
2 1

0
4

y dx

x dx

0
3

1
1
=
5
2
1 +
1
=
5
2
3 unit2
=
10

(x2 3x) dx

3
0

1
3

2 1

y = x3

Q
x=1

x
=
3(1)

1
=
3x

1
1
=
9
3
1
1
=+
9
3
2
2
= unit
9

2 1

x3 dx
0

3 4

x4
=
4

1)
= (0) (
4
1
=
4
1
= unit2
4

Area of region Q =

x3 dx

3 4

x4
=
4

1 (0)
=
4
1
= unit2
4

Therefore, the area of the shaded region

1 +
1
=
4
4
1
= unit2
2

1 dx

3x2
x2 dx

3
1

Area of region P =

33
3 (32) (0)
=
3
2
27

= 9
2
9
=
2
9 unit2
=
2
Therefore, the area of the shaded region is
9 unit2.

y dx

x = 1

x3
3 x2
=
3
2

3 4
1 2

(d) Area =

(f)

1
=
x+4

(x + 4)2 dx

(x + 4)1
=
1

x4
=
4 0
4
4
= (0)
4
= 64 unit2

(c) Area =

1
dx

(x + 4)2

x3 + x
=
3
1
3
3
1 + 1
= + 3
3
3
4
= 12
3
2 unit2
= 10
3

(e) Area =

1 2

(g)

y
y = 2x 2

1
Area of the shaded region = 4 3
3
2

= unit2
3

A(1, 1)
P

B(2, 0)

y = 2x + 4

16. (a) Area =

0
1

x dy
y2 dy

Area of region P =

2x2 dx

2 x3
=
3

2 (0)
=
3
2 unit2
=
3

2 x3
=
3

2 23
2 13
=
3
3
2
16
=
3
3
14
= unit2
3

2 1

(1, 4)

0
1

1
3

x dy
y3 dy

y4
=
4

y dx

1 2 1 2

0
1

x dy
y3 dy

y4
=
4

3
1

Therefore, the area of the shaded region

1 unit2.
is
4
y

Area of rectangle = 1 4

= 4 unit2

B(0, 2)

1 + 3 (0)
=
3
1 unit2
= 3
3

1 (0)
=
4
1
=
4
1 unit2
=
4

34
14
=
4
4
1
81
=
4
4
= 20 unit2

(d)

(x2 + 3) dx

1 x3 + 3x
=
3

3 4

y=4

Area of region P =

y = x2 + 3

1 2

1 (0)
=
3
1
= unit2
3

(c) Area =

2 +
14
Area of the shaded region =
3
3
16

= unit2
3

(h)

3 4

(b) Area =

2x2 dx

y3
=
3

1 2

Area of region Q =

P
Q

x = 3y 2

A(1, 1)
x

y = x + 2

Area of region Q =

x dy

19. (a)

0
1

3y dy

= 3y34

(e)

1 1
A ,
3 3

f(x)
1 b f(x) dx
dx =
2 0
2
1 12
=
2
= 6 cm2

f(x) dx =

x = 3y 2

f(x) dx =

f(x) dx +

f(x) dx

f(x) dx

f(x) dx

f(x) dx =

f(x) dx

= 12 cm2

f(x) dx +

x dy

f(x) dx =

Area under the curve x = 3y2 with y-axis

1

20.

= 18 5
= 13 cm2

(e)

f(x) dx

=27
= 14 cm2

y=x

f(x) dx

2f(x) dx = 2

(d)

= 12 5
= 7 cm2

(c)

1
Area of the shaded region = 1 +
2
1

= 1 unit2
2

(b)

= (1) (0)
= 1 unit2
1 1 1
Area of region P =
2
1 unit2

=
2

f(x) dx

= 10 4
=6

= 3y 4

x dy =

kx dx +

2f(x) dx = 10

1
5
1

+2

f(x) dx = 10

25 k
1 k + 2 2 = 10
1
2
2 2

12k = 6

6
k =
12
1
=
2

22. (a) y = 2x2 + 1.................................... 1

y = x + 4..................................... 2

1 = 2, 2x2 + 1 = x + 4


2x2 + x 3 = 0

(2x + 3)(x 1) = 0

x = 1

g(x) dx

18.

[kx + 2f(x)] dx = 10

f(x) dx +

kx
3
2 4

1
1
Area of the shaded region =
27
18
1 unit2

=
54

31 2 4

1 3 (03)
=
3
1
= unit2
27
Area under the straight line y = x with y-axis
1
1
1
=
2
3
3
1
2
= unit
18

17.

3 3

21.

3y2 dy

f (y) dy
1

Substitute x = 1 into y = x + 4,

y = 3

Therefore, A(1, 3).

f(x) dx

(b) Area of the shaded region

(2x + 1) dx

0
1

3
1

2 x3 + x
=
3
0
2
= + 1 (0)
3
2 unit2
= 1
3

y
y = x2 + 1

C 0

y=2

2 1

1 2 1

4
4
=
3
3
8
2
= unit
3

x
C
D(3, 1)

x = y2 + 4..................................... 1
y + x = 2.............................................. 2
Substitute 1 into 2,
y y2 + 4 = 2
y2 y 2 = 0
(y 2)(y + 1) = 0

y = 2, 1

1 + 1
1 1
=
3
3

B(0, 2) y + x = 2

0
E

(x2 + 1) dx

x = y 2 + 4

Area of region under the curve y = x2 + 1 from A

to B

x3 + x
=
3

23 4(2) (0)
=
3
8
=8
3
16
=
3
16
= unit2
3

25.

A(1, 2) and B(1, 2).

(y2 4) dy

1 = 2, x 2 + 1 = 2

x2 = 1

x = 1

x dy

y3
= 4y
3

y = x2 + 1............................................. 1
y = 2..................................................... 2

0
2
0

23.

Area of the shaded region =

Substitute y = 2 into 1,
x = 4 + 4
=0

Substitute y = 1 into 1,
x = 1 + 4
=3
Therefore, A(0, 2) and D(3, 1).

Area of square ABCD = 2 2

= 4 unit2

1 33
Area of the ADE =
2
9 unit2

=
2

8
Area of the shaded region = 4
3
4 unit2

=
3

Area of region BDE

1
=
x dy

24. x = y2 4
When x = 0,
y2 = 4
y = 2

2
1

(y2 + 4) dy

y3
= + 4y
3

Therefore, A(0, 2).

(1)
(2)3
= + 4(1) + 4(2)
3
3

2 1

4 3

1 4
8 8
=
3
3

11
=
3
11 +
=
3
5 unit2
=
3

16
1
3 2

16

9 +
5
Area of the shaded region =
2
3
1

= 6 unit2
6

26. (a) Volume generated =

0
2

1
=
(x + 1)

2 1

27. (a)

y dx

A(1, 1)

x2 dx

x4 dx

x
=
5

3 4

=
=
=

1
2
1
2

Therefore, A(1, 1)

The volume generated by the curve y = x2

y dx

(x2 + 1)2 dx

(x4 + 2x2 + 1) dx

2
x5
2 x3 + x
= +
5
3
1
5
2
2
1 +
2 + 1
3
= + (2) + 2
5
3
5
3
13
3
= 11 unit
15

4 1

0
1

y2 dx
x4 dx

(c) Volume generated

2

25 0
=
5
32
= unit3
5

y = x2................................1
y = x..................................2

1 = 2, x2 = x

x2 x = 0

x(x 1) = 0

x = 0, 1

y2 dx

x5 1
=
5 0
1
= unit3
5

3 4

The volume generated by the straight line OA

1 (1)2 1
=
3
1 unit3
=
3
Volume generated for the shaded region
1
1
=
3
5
2
= unit3
15

(b)

(d) Volume generated

y = x2

y dx
1
= 3 4 dx
(x + 1)
= (x + 1) dx

0
2

(x + 1)1
=
1

23 0
=
3
8 unit3
=
3
0
2

y = x2
y=x

3 4

x3
=
3

(b) Volume generated =

1
1
=
3
1
2
3
= unit
3

y = x + 6

y = x2...................1
y = x + 6............2

29. (a)

1 = 2, x2 = x + 6
x2 + x 6 = 0

(x + 3)(x 2) = 0

x = 3, 2

B
D
O

Therefore, A(2, 4)

x-coordinate of B = 6

Volume generated by the shaded region

= Volume generated by AOC + Volume generated
by ABC
2
1 (4)2 (6 2)
y2 dx +
=
3
0
2
64
=
x4 dx +
3
0

3 4

Therefore, A(1, 1)

x2 dy

y = x + 2
When x = 0, y = 2
B(0, 2)
When y = 0, x = 2
C(2, 0)

Volume generated by ADB

1 (1)2 (2 1)
=
3
1 unit3
=
3

1 2

x3
=
3

3 4

(b) Volume generated =

x2 dy

23 0
=
3
8
= unit3
3

1
2

(y 1) dy

y2
= y
2

22 2
1 1
=
2
2

1
= (0)
2
1
3
= unit
2

2 1

(c) Volume generated =

0
4

x2 dy

(4 y) dy

Volume generated by AOD

1
=
x2 dy

0
1

y4 dy

x = y2............................... 1
y = x + 2........................ 2

Substitute y = 1 into 1,
x = 1

32 +
64
=
5
3
11
= 27 unit3
15

64
+
3

28. (a) Volume generated =

y = x + 2

Substitute 1 into 2,

y = y2 + 2
2
y + y 2 = 0

(y + 2)(y 1) = 0

y = 2, 1

x5
=
5

x = y2

y2
= 4y
2

4 (0)
= 4(4)
2
= 8 unit3

y5
=
5

3 4

1 2

1 (0)
=
5
1 unit3
=
5
Volume generated by the shaded region
1+
1
=
3
5
8 unit3
=
15

(b)

y = x2

y = 2x
C
O

A
B

4,k=4
k =
3
Since k . 0, then k = 4.

y = x2...................1
y = 2x...................2

1 = 2,

x2 = 2x
x2 2x = 0

x(x 2) = 0

x = 0, 2

2.

Therefore, A(2, 4).

Volume generated by the curve y = x2

0
4

x2 dy
y dy

y2
=
2

3.

1 2

42 (0)
=
2
= 8 unit3

[kx + 3f(x)] dx = 15

2
2 5

Volume generated by AOC

1 (2)2 4
=
3

kx
3
2 4

Volume generated by the shaded region

16
= 8
3
8 unit3
=
3

+3

25 k
4 k = 15 24

2
2
21
k = 9
2
2
k = 9
21
6
=
7

1 2

2g(x) dx = 2

(4 3x) dx = 10

k
2

3(8 6) 14k 32 k 24 = 10

10

g(x) dx

= 2(10)
= 20

(b)

3 x2 = 10
4x
2 k

f(x) dx = 15

k(5)
k(2) + 3 8 = 15
3
2 4 3 2 4

4. (a)

1.

16 unit3
=
3

8(1 + ax)n + 1
= + c
(n + 1)a

Hence, a = 1 and n = 3.

3 4

dx

8
= 4
(n + 1)a
8
= 4a
(3 + 1)
4

a =
4

= 1

Compare to 4(1 + ax)2 + c,

Therefore, n + 1 = 2

n = 3

When x = 2,
y = 2(2)
=4

8
dx = 8(1 + ax)

(1 + ax)

3 k2 = 10
2 4k +
2
3
2
k 4k 8 = 0
2
3k2 8k 16 = 0
(3k + 4)(k 4) = 0

[kx g(x)] dx = 20

kx dx

6
2 1

kx
3
2 4

g(x) dx = 20
(10) = 20

 5.

dy
Substitute x = 2 and = 2 into
dx
dy

= kx2 + 5x
dx

2 = k(2)2 + 5(2)

4k = 8
k = 2

k(1)
k(6) = 10
3
2
2 4
2

1 k
36 k = 10

2
2
35 k = 10

2

2
k = 10
35
4
=
7

3f(x) dx = 3

f(x) dx

=38
= 24

1 dx =
2

x2
3
k
3
2
2
x dx =
3
k

6.

x
2
=
3
3
1 4
1

2 1

= (2x + 5x) dx

(b) y = (kx2 + 5x) dx

1
1 =
2

3
k
3
1
1
2

+ =
3
k
3
1

= 1
k

k = 1

2x3 +
5x2 + c................. 1
=
3
2
Substitute x = 2 and y = 1 into 1,
2 (2)3 +
5 (2)2 + c
1 =
3
2
16 + 10 + c
1 =
3
16 10
c = 1 +
3
11
=
3
Therefore, the equation of the curve is
2 x3 +
5 x2
11 .
y=
3
2
3

dy
9. (a) = 2x3 8x
dx

dy
7. = 3x + 2
dx

y = (3x + 2) dx

y = (2x3 8x) dx

2 x4
8x2 + c
=
4
2
1 x4 4x2 + c......................... 1
=
2

3 x2 + 2x + c............... 1
y =
2
Substitute x = 1 and y = 5 into 1,
3 (1)2 + 2(1) + c
5 =
2
3 2+c
=
2
3
c = 5 + 2
2
1
= 5
2

1 into 1,
Substitute x = 1 and y =
2
1
1
4
2

= (1) 4(1) + c
2
2
1 4+c

=
2
c = 4

3 x2 + 2x +
11 .
Therefore, y =
2
2

Therefore, the equation of the curve is

1 x4 4x2 + 4.
y=
2

dy
= kx2 + 5x
dx

y 2x + 3 = 0

y = 2x 3

dy
(b) For turning points, = 0
dx


2x3 8x = 0


2x(x2 4) = 0

2x(x 2)(x + 2) = 0

x = 0, 2, 2

8. (a)

Gradient of the straight line is 2.

11

1 (0)4 4(0)2 + 4
When x = 0, y =
2

=4

1 (2)4 4(2)2 + 4
When x = 2, y =
2

= 4
1 (2)4 4(2)2 + 4
When x = 2, y =
2

= 4

Hence, the maximum point is (0, 4).

Equation of the tangent is y 1 = 3(x 1)

= 3x + 3

y = 3x + 4

(b) (i)

Area =

y dx
4
dx
= 3
(3x 1) 4
16
=
dx
(3x 1)
= 16(3x 1) dx
=

1
3

1
3

(3x 1)3
= 16
(3)(3)

1
= 16
9(3x 1)3

1
1
= 16
16
9(8)3
9(2)3

1 +
1
= 16
9(8)3
9(2)3
7 unit3
=
32

3
3
3

1
3

1 O

11.

The gradient of the tangent at the point P(1, 1)

24
=
[3(1) 1]3
24
=
8
= 3

4
10. (a) y =
(3x 1)2

= 4(3x 1)2
dy

= 4(2)(3x 1)3(3)
dx
24

=
(3x 1)3

(ii) Volume generated

1

Therefore, the turning points are (0, 4), (2, 4)

and (2, 4).
d2y

= 6x2 8

dx2
d2y
When x = 0,
= 8 , 0
dx2
d2y
When x = 2,
= 6(2)2 8
dx2

= 16 . 0
d2y
When x = 2,
= 6(2)2 8
dx2

= 16 . 0

R(0, 1)
Q

2
y = x
3

4
dx

(3x 1)2
4(3x 1)2 dx

1
3

4 3

4(3x 1)1
=
(1)(3)

4
=
3(3x 1)

4
4
=

3(9 1)
3(3 1)
4 +
4
=
24
6
1
2
= unit
2

P(3, 2)
x = y2 1

x = y2 1................................. 1
2x . ............................... 2
y =
3
Substitute 1 into 2,
2 (y2 1)

y =
3

3y = 2y2 + 2
2y2 + 3y 2 = 0
(2y 1)(y + 2) = 0
1 , 2

y =
2
Substitute y = 2 into x = y2 1,
x = (2)2 1
=3

1
3
1

Therefore, P(3, 2).

1 (3)2(2)
Volume generated by OPQ =
3

= 6 unit3

12

Volume generated by region PRQ

=
=
=

2
1
2
1

(c) Substitute x = 1 into y = 2x,

y=2

x dy
2

(y2 1)2 dy
(y 2y + 1) dy
4

y
2 y3 + y
=
5
3

1 1 2
Area of OBk =
2

= 1 unit2

Area of the region bounded by curve OB, x-axis

and x = 1

(1)5 2
(2)5 2
(1)3 + (1)
=
(2)3 + (2)
5
3
5
3

4 3

Therefore, B(1, 2).

2
5

2 1

1 +
2 1
32 +
16 2
=
5
3
5
3
8
3
= 2 unit
15

P
A

y = 2x......................................1
y = x2 + 3x............................2

3
1

x3 +
3x2
=
3
2 0
1
3
= + (0)
3
2
7 unit2
=
6

7 1
Area of region Q =
6
1 unit2

=
6

=
=
=

1
3
1
3

y2 dx
(x2 + 3x)2 dx
(x4 6x3 + 9x2) dx

x5
3 x4 + 3x3
=
5
2

35
3 (3)4 + 3(3)3
1
3 +3
=
5
2
5
2
2 unit3
= 6
5

4 3

13. (a) y = x3 + 2
dy

= 3x2
dx

Therefore, k = 1.

(b) y = x + 3x

When y = 0,

x2 + 3x = 0

x(x + 3) = 0

x = 0, 3
2

(x2 + 3x) dx

Substitute 1 into 2,


2x = x2 + 3x
2
x x = 0

x(x 1) = 0

x = 0, 1

y = x 2 + 3x

(d) Volume generated by region P

y = 2x
B

y dx

Volume generated by the shaded region

8
= 6 2
15
7 unit3
= 3
15
12. (a)

Gradient of the tangent at A(1, 1) = 3(1)2

=3
1.
Gradient of the normal at A is
3

0 1
Gradient of AC =
k + 1
1
0 1 =

3
k + 1


k + 1 = 3

k = 2

Therefore, A = (3, 0).

13

(b)

y = x3 + 2
B

1. (a)

A(1, 1)

C(2, 0)

D O

=
=

(1)4
2 + 2(2)
=
+ 2(1)
4
4

4 3

7
=8
4
3 unit2
= 9
4

2.

2x(x + 2)
x(x + 2)
2 1
dx =
dx

3(x + 1)2
3 0 (x + 1)2
2
1
=
3
2
1
=
3

g(x)

1 [2h(x) + c]
=
3

(2x + 1) dx = 2
2

(k2 + k) (1 + 1) = 2

k2 + k = 0

k(k + 1) = 0

k = 0, 1
4.

4 1

x7
4x4 + 4x
=
7
4

27 24 + 4(2)
1 1 4
=
7
7
3
3
= 14 unit
7

0
1

2x + x = 2
3
4
2

(x6 + 4x3 + 4) dx

k
dx = 2k 3
(2x 1)2

k(2x 1)2 dx = 2k 3

k(2x 1)
= 2k 3
3
(1)(2) 4
1 1

k
k
= 2k 3
2
2
k = 2k 3
2k + k = 3
3k = 3
k = 1

1 2 1 2

14

1 x(x + 2)
2x(x + 2)
dx = 2
dx

(x + 1)2
(x + 1)2
0
1
=2
2
= 1

1 g(x) dx
dx =

3
3

3.

3 1
1
Area of the shaded region = 9
4
2
1 unit2


= 8
4
(c) Volume generated by the shaded region
2
1 12 3
(x3 + 2)2 dx

=
3
1

x4 + 2x
=
4

(c)

(x3 + 2) dx

1
=
(0)
1 + 1
1
=
2

y dx

1
2

(b)

1 1 3
Area of ADC =
2
3

=
2
1 unit2

= 1
2
Area of region under the curve AB with x-axis

x(x + 2)
x2
dx =

(x + 1)2
x + 1

 9.

x + 3kx dx = 36
2
1
x

(x + 3k) dx = 36

5.

y = g(x)
y = f (x)

B(0, 5)

P(3, 5)

x + 3kx = 36
3
4
3
3

3 + 3k(3) (0) = 36
3
4
3
3

9 + 9k = 36
9k = 27
k = 3

6. (a)

(b)

f(x) dx

22 + k

7. (a)

f(x) dx = 62

Substitute x = 1 and y = 4 into 1,

4 = 1 + 2 5 + c
c=6
Therefore, y = x3 + 2x2 5x + 6.

g(x) dx

= 4 + 10
= 14

g(x) dx +

dy
11. = 3(1 2x)5
dx

g(x) dx

y = f(x) = 3(1 2x)5 dx

2 g(x) +
k dx =
4

3
3
3
3
5
5
2
k
4

g(x) dx +
dx =
3 3
3
3
3

Substitute x = 1 and f(x) = 3 into 1,

1 (1 2)6 + c
3=
4
1 +c
=
4
1
c = 3
4
1 (1 2x)6 +
13 .
Therefore, f(x) =
4
4

3 4

2 10 +
k x =
4

3
3 3
3

20 +
5 k k =

3
3
2 k =

3
2 k =

3
4
20

3
3
16

3
3
16
k =
3
2
= 8

dy
2
12. =
dx
(3 + 5x)2
2
y =
dx
(3 + 5x)2

21 2

8. Area of the shaded region

3(1 2x)6
= + c
6(2)
1
= (1 2x)6 + c................. 1
4

2g(x) + k
4 dx = 43
3
3

(b)

k 10 = 40
k = 4
5

g(x) dx

y = x3 + 2x2 5x + c........................ 1

y = (3x2 + 4x 5) dx

kf(x) dx = 62

dy
10. = 3x2 + 4x 5
dx

= 3 10
= 30
f(x) dx

Area of the shaded region

= Area of rectangle AOBP
=3545
= 6 unit2

3f(x) dx = 3

A(3, 0)

= Area of AOB

1 3842
=
2
= 6 unit2

f(x) dx

g(x) dx

15

= 2(3 + 5x)

dx

2(3 + 5x)1
= + c
(1)(5)
2
= + c......................... 1
5(3 + 5x)

f1(y) dy

Substitute x = 3 and y = 1 into 1,

200 + c

1 =
3(10)
20
c = 1
3
23

=
3

Therefore, the equation of the curve is
200
23 .

y =

3(3x + 1)
3

1 , y = 3 into 1,
Substitute x =
5
2 +c
3 =
5(4)
1
c = 3
10
2
31 .
Therefore, y =
+
5(3 + 5x)
10
dy
13. = 3x2 4x + k
dx
Gradient of the tangent at P(2, 5) = 3(2)2 4(2) + k

=4+k
y 2x + 1 = 0

y = 2x 1

1 2

k5 (0) = 625

5

k5 = 625 5

= 55

k = 5
16.

Substitute x = 2 and y = 5 into 1,

5 = 23 2(2)2 2(2) + c
=884+c
c=9

Hence, the equation of the curve is y = x 2x 2x + 9.

k k
1
2 1 12 12 = 12
2
2

14. (a) 2y x + 1 = 0


2y = x 1
1x
1

y =
2
2

k2 k = 0

2
k
k 1 = 0
2
k = 0, 2

1.
The gradient of the normal at (3, 1) is
2

Based on the diagram, k . 0,

therefore k = 2.

Therefore, the gradient of the tangent at (3, 1)

is 2.
dy
4k


=
(3x + 1)2
dx
4k


2 =
(3x + 1)2

(2)(10)2 = 4k
200

k =
4


= 50

17.

7
y2 dx =
24

1
7
dx =

(x 2)4
24
3 k

(x 2) =
7
3
3 4
24

k
1
7

=
3(x 2)3 0 24

1
1

=

3(k 2)3
3(2)3
1
=


3(k 2)3

dy
200
(b) =
(3x + 1)2
dx

y = 200(3x + 1)2 dx

1
x2 dy =
2
1
(y 1) dy =
2
k
y2
1
y =
2
2
1

x4 dx = 625

x = 625
3
5 4

= x3 2x2 2x + c........................ 1

y2 dx = 625

Therefore, 4 + k = 2

k = 2
dy
2
= 3x 4x 2
dx
y = (3x2 4x 2) dx

0
k

The gradient of the straight line is 2.

15.

(3x + 1)1
= 200 + c
(1)(3)
200
= + c.................... 1
3(3x + 1)

16

24
7 +
1

24
24
1
=
3

dy
2
20. (a) =
........................... 1
dx
(1 3x)2

y + 2x + 5 = 0

y = 2x 5.................... 2

3(k 2)3 = 3
(k 2)3 = 1
= (1)3
k 2 = 1
k = 1

The gradient of the normal at point A is 2.

Therefore, the gradient of the tangent at point A
1.
is
2
dy
1 into 1 and 2,

Substitute x = r, y = t, =
dx
2

From 1,
2
1 =

2
(1 3r)2

(1 3r)2 = 4

1 3r = 2


3r = 1 2


= 3, 1
1

r = 1,
3

Since r . 0, then r = 1.

x
18. y =
x2 + 1
d
d
(x2 + 1)(x) x(x2 + 1)
dy
dx
dx
=
dx
(x2 + 1)2
2
(x + 1) x(2x)
=
(x2 + 1)2
1 x2
=
(x2 + 1)2

1 x2
x

dx =
(x2 + 1)2
x2 + 1

1 2

1 (0)
=
2
1
=
2

x 1
1 x
1

dx
dx =
3 0 (x2 + 1)2
3(x2 + 1)2
1
1
=
3
2
1
=
6
2

2 1 2

dy
Substitute x = p, y = q and = 5 into 1
dx
and 2,

From 1,

5 = 3p2 + 2

3p2 = 3
p2 = 1
p = 1

Since p . 0, then p = 1.

From 2, q = 5 1 2

=3
dy
2
(b) = 3x + 2
dx

y = x3 + 2x + c......................... 3
Substitute x = 1 and y = 3 into 3,
3 = 1 + 2 + c
c=0

Therefore, the equation of the curve is

y = x3 + 2x.

2(1 3x)1
= + c
(1)(3)
2
= + c......................... 1
3(1 3x)
Substitute x = 1 and y = 7 into 1,
2
7 = + c
3(1 3)
2 +c
=
6
1
c = 7 +
3
2
= 6
3
Therefore, the equation of the curve is
2
20 .
y =
3
3(1 3x)

dy
21. (a) = 2x 5
dx

y = (3x2 + 2) dx

2
dx

(1 3x)
= 2(1 3x) dx

(b) y =

dy
19. (a) = 3x2 + 2................................ 1
dx
y = 5x 2................................. 2

From 2, t = 2(1) 5

= 7

y = (2x 5) dx
= x2 5x + c......................... 1

Substitute x = 1 and y = 5 into 1,

5 = 1 5 + c
c = 1

17

Therefore, y = x2 5x 1

dy
d2y
For minimum point, = 0 and 2 . 0
dx
dx


2x 5 = 0
5

x =
2
5


\ k =
2
5 , y = p into y = x2 5x 1,

Substitute x =
2
2
5
5

p = 5 1
2
2
25
25

= 1
4
2
1

= 7
4

When y = 0,

y = (x 1)2 + 16


0 = (x 1)2 + 16

(x 1)2 = 16
x 1 = 4

x = 4 + 1


= 5, 3

B = (5, 0)

1 2

1 2

(b) Gradient of the tangent at A = 2(1) 5

= 3
1

Gradient of the normal at A =
3

Equation of the normal at A is
1 (x 1)

y (5) =
3
1x
1
y + 5 =
3
3
1
16

y = x
3
3
22. (a)

(b)

When y = 0,
y = x + 15
0 = x + 15
x = 15
C(15, 0)

y = (x 1)2 + 16
15

A(3, 12)

C(15, 0)

3
3

4 3

24

11 into 2,
Substitute x =
4
11
y = 9
4
25
=
4

11 ,
25
Therefore, B
4
4

For y + x = 9, when y = 0,

0 + x = 9
x = 9

Therefore, C(9, 0).

B(5, 0)

1 = 2,

9 x = (2x 3)2

= 4x2 12x + 9
4x2 11x = 0
x(4x 11) = 0
11

x = 0,
4

1 = 2,

p + 15 = (p 1)2 + 16


= (p2 2p + 1) + 16


= p2 + 2p 1 + 16
p2 3p = 0

p(p 3) = 0

p = 0, p = 3
Substitute p = 3 into 2,
q = 3 + 15
= 12
Therefore, p = 3 and q = 12.

23. (a) y = (2x 3)2.............. 1

y+x=9
y = 9 x.................... 2

Substitute x = p, y = q into
y = (x 1)2 + 16 and y = x + 15,
q = (p 1)2 + 16........................ 1
q = p + 15.................................. 2

The area of the shaded region

= Area of ADC Area of ADB
1 12 12 5 [ (x 1)2 + 16] dx
=
2
3
(x 1)3 5
= 72 16x
3
3
(5 1)3
(3 1)3
= 72 16(5) 16(3)
3
3
64
8
= 72 80 48
3
3
40
= 72
3
2 unit2
= 58
3

y = x + 15

D(3, 0)

18

For y = (2x 3)2, when y = 0,

0 = (2x 3)2
3
x=
2
3 , 0)
Therefore, D(
2

(b)

y
y = (2x 3)

A(0, 9)

B 11
, 25

4 4

C(9, 0)

E
O

3 0
D ,
2

y+x=9

Area bounded by the curve and the straight line

= Trapezium AOEB

11

(2x 3)2 dx

3)3
1
11 9 +
25 (2x
=

2
4
4
3(2)

2 3

11
61
=
8
4

5
671 7
=
32
48
83 unit2
= 13
96

31 1

11 3

(3)3
2

6
6

(2x 3)4 dx

0
3

(2x 3)5
=
2(5)

(3 3)
(3)5
=
10
10

31

2 1

24

243
= 0 +
10
243 unit3
=
10

24. (a)

Therefore, A(0, 4).

y2 dx

3 4
1
2

x
= 3
6 0
9 0
= 3
6
3
= 3
2
3
= unit3
2

(c) Area = Area of ABD + Area of BOD

1 3 3 + 1 x dy


=
2
0
9 + 1 3y2 dy


=
2 0

(c) Volume generated by the shaded region

3

2 3

1 0
(b) Gradient of BC =
34
1


=
1


= 1
y 1
= 1


03


y 1 = 3

y = 4

11

Volume generated by the shaded region

= Volume generated by the rectangle DOEB
Volume generated by the curve
3
x dx
= (1)2 3

3
0

9 + y3 1
=
2 3 40
9 + (1 0)
=
2
1 unit2
= 5
2

25. (a)

y
y = x2 3

P
O
A(0, 4)

D
O

B(3, 1)
C(4, 0)
E

B
Q

x = 3y 2

7
x2 dy =
2
7
(y + 3) dy =
2

19

y
7
+ 3y4 =
3
2
2
2

y=k
x

k2
7

+ 3k =
2
2
2
k
7

+ 3k = 0
2
2
k2 + 6k 7 = 0

(k + 7)(k 1) = 0

k = 7, 1

Since k . 0, then k = 1.

(b)

When x = 0,
y = x2 3
y = 0 3
= 3
Therefore, A(0, 3)
When y = 0,
y = x2 3
0 = x2 3
3
x = AB
3 , 0)
Therefore, B(AB

The area of shaded region Q

AB3

AB3

Hence, the area of shaded region Q is 2AB

3 unit2.

26. (a)

[(x 3)2 + 2]2 dx

(x + 1)3 5 5 [(x 3)4 + 4(x 3)2 + 4] dx

=
2
3
2

6
3
= 1

3
3 2
3

[(x 3)4 + 4(x 3)2 + 4] dx

5

(x 3)5
4 (x 3)3 + 4x
= 63 +
3
5

4 (2)3 + 20
4 +8
2 +
1
= 63
3
3
5
5

3
= 63 30
5
2 unit3
= 32
5

31
1

2 1

24

The equation of the tangent AB is

y 0 = 4(x 4)
y = 4x 16

(b) Substitute x = 0 into y = 4x 16,

y = 16

Therefore, B(0, 16)

y = (x 3)2 + 2
Therefore, A = (3, 2)
y = x + 1.................................1
y = (x 3)2 + 2.......................2

1 = 2,

x + 1 = (x 3)2 + 2


= x2 6x + 9 + 2
2
x 7x + 10 = 0

(x 2)(x 5) = 0

x = 2, 5

(x + 1)2 dx

27. (a) y = x(x 4)

When y = 0,
x(x 4) = 0

x = 0, x = 4

Therefore, A(4, 0)
y = x2 4x
dy

= 2x 4
dx

The gradient of the tangent AB = 2(4) 4


=4

AB

(x2 3) dx

x3 3x 3
=
3
0
(AB
3 )3
= 3AB
3 0
3
3
= 2AB
3 unit2
= 2AB

y dx

1 4 16
Area of AOB =
2

= 32 unit2
Area of region between the curve OA and the
x-axis
4
=
(x2 4x) dx

Substitute x = 2 and x = 5 into 1 respectively,

When x = 2,
When x = 5,

y = 2 + 1
y = 5 + 1

= 3
= 6
Therefore, B(2, 3) and C(5, 6)

4 2(4)2 (0)
=
3
2
= 10
3
2
= 10 unit2
3

20

x3 2x2
=
3

(b) The volume generated by the shaded region

= The volume generated by the trapezium BCDE
The volume generated by the region under
the curve BAC with x-axis

2
Area of the shaded region = 32 10
3
1
= 21 unit2
3

 28. (a)

When x = 0,
y = x3 + 8
y=0+8
y=8
Therefore, B = (0, 8)

(b)

Area of region P =

x2 dy =

When y = 0,


0 = x3 + 8

x3 = 8

x = 2

Therefore, A(2, 0)

y dy

y2
=
2

4 0
=
2
= 8 unit3

30. (a)

y
x=1

(x3 + 8) dx

x4 + 8x
=
4
2
(2)4
= (0) + 8(2)
4
= (4 16)
= 12 unit2

5 Area of region P
Area of region Q =
3
5 12

=
3

= 20 unit2

y = kx 2 3
A

x7 + 4x4 + 64x
=
2 7
2
(2)7

= (0) + 4(2)4 + 64(2)

7
2
2

=
2

kx
11
3x4 =
3
3
3
3

11

3
11
+ 3
3
2
=
3
k = 2

k 3 =

3
k =

Therefore, k = 2 and R = 5.

(b) D = (0, 3) and B(1, 5)

Volume generated by region Q about the y-axis

x dy
3
1 y dy
= 1
2
2 2

3 4
1

y dy

y

=
2 2

0
2

Substitute x = 1 and y = R into y = 2x2 3,

R = 2(1)2 3

R = 5

29. (a) Volume generated by region P

4 x2 dy

=
2 0

11
Area of region P =
3
1
11
(kx2 3) dx =
3
0

576

=
2 7
1 unit3
= 41
7

y=R

(b) Volume generated by P

0 y2 dx

=
2 2
0

=
(x3 + 8)2 dx
2 2
0 (x6 + 16x3 + 64) dx

=
2 2

3 4

42 0
=
2 2
= 4 unit3

3y
1 y2
=
2
4

3 (3)
1 (3)2
=
2
4
3
1 (5)2
(5)
2
4
= (2.25) (1.25)
= unit3

21

(c) Let C = (x, 0)

26
11
Area of BEC =
3
3
15

=
3

= 5 unit2

1 (x 1) 5 = 5

22

2
x 1 = 5
5
= 2
x = 3

Therefore, the x-coordinate of point C is 3.