Trigonometric Functions

16

1. (a)

2. (a)

370
x

(b)

30

Quadrant I

(b)

360 30 = 330
y

520

(c)

120

Quadrant III

360 120 = 240

4 =
4 180
(c)
3
3


= 240

x
420
x

(d)

180
7 =
7

3
3

= 420
Quadrant I

420
x

180
7 =
7

3
3

= 420
Quadrant IV


4 =
2
2
3
3

 5.

5 =
5 180
(d)
3
3


= 300

60

30

(a) sin 120 = sin 60

AB3


=
2

x
5

(b) cos 210 = cos 30

AB3


=
2

5 =
1
2
3
3

3.

(c) cot (120) = cot 240

= cot 60
1


=
AB3
(d) tan (30) = tan 330


= tan 30
1


=
AB3

y
P(3, 4)

4
(a) sin q =
5

(e)
45

3
(b) cos q =
5
4
(c) tan q =
3
5
(d) sec q =
3
5
(e) cosec q =
4
3
(f) cot q =
4

45
1

sin 315 = sin 45

1

=
AB2

6.
y

4.
6
8

y
5

(a) cos A = cos a

4


=
5

10

P(6, 8)

(b) cot A = cot a

4


=
3

6
(a) cot A =
8
3


=
4

(c) sec A = sec a

5


=
4

8
(b) sin A =
10
4


=
5

7.

10
(c) sec A =
6
5


=
3

y
B

24

0
5

(a) tan B = tan a

24


= ABB

1
(b) cos q =
2
q = 120, 240

(b) sin B = sin a

(c) 2 tan q = 5
5

tan q =
2
5

q = tan1
2


= 6812, 24812

ABB
24
=
5
(c) cosec B = cosec a
5
=
ABB
24

sin A
8. (a) tan A =
cos A
3

5


=
4

5
3
5


=
5
4
3


=
4

1 21

1 2

(d) 4 cot q = tan q

(e) 3 sin q cos (90 q) = 1

3 sin q sin q = 1


2 sin q = 1

1
(b) sec A =
cos A
1


=
4

5
5


=
4

(f)

1
(c) cosec A =
sin A
1


=
3

5
5


=
3
9.

1
4
= tan q
tan q
2

tan q = 4


tan q = 2

q = 6326, 11634, 24326, 29634

1
sin q =
2
q = 210, 330

cot q + tan (90 q) = 4

cot q + cot q = 4

2 cot q = 4

cot q = 2
1

tan q =
2

q = 2634, 20634

(g)

3 sec (90 q) cosec q =

3 cosec q cosec q =

2 cosec q =

cosec q =

0
1 t2

4
4
4
2
1
sin q =
2
q = 210, 330

(h) sin2 q + 3 sin q + 2 = 0

(sin q + 1)(sin q + 2) = 0

sin q = 1, sin q = 2
q = 270
q undefined

t
x

ABBBB
1 t2
(a) cot q =
t

Therefore, q = 270

(i)

2 sec q + cos q = 1
2 + cos q = 1



cos q


2 + cos2 q = cos q
2

cos q cos q 2 = 0

(cos q 2)(cos q + 1) = 0

cos q = 2, cos q = 1
q undefined
q = 180

(b) sec (90 q) = cosec q

1


=
t
(c) sin (q) = sin q


= t
1
10. (a) sin q =
2
q = 30, 150

Therefore, q = 180

(j) sin 2q = 1

2q = 270, 630

q = 135, 315

(k) 2 cos 2q + 1 = 0
1


cos 2q =
2


2q = 120, 240, 480, 600

q = 60, 120, 240, 300

11. (a)

(b)

1
1

x
90 180

270

360

(c)

y
3

y = 2 sin x + 1

1
0
1

2
2

(d)

x
90

180 270

360

y
90
0

45

180
135

270

225

360

315

1
2

2
2
2

q
(o) 2 cosec 30 = 3
3
q
3

cosec 30 =
3
2
q
2


sin 30 =
3
3
q 30 = 4149

3
q = 7149

3

q = 21527

y = sin 2x 1

(e)

y
y = cos 2

(f)

(p) cos (q) + cos2 q 2 = 0

cos q + cos2q 2 = 0

cos2 q + cos q 2 = 0

(cos q + 2)(cos q 1) = 0

cos q = 2, cos q = 1
q undefined
q = 0, 360

360

y = 2 sin x

q
(n) sec + 10 = 2
2
q
1

cos + 10 =
2
2
q
+ 10 = 60, 300


2
q = 50, 290

2

q = 100

1
1
1

270

y
2

1 2

90 180

2
2q 30 = tan1
3
= 3341, 21341, 39341,
57341
2q = 6341, 24341, 42341,
60341
q = 3151, 12151, 21151,
30151

(m) 2 cot (2q 30) = 3

3

cot (2q 30) =
2
2

tan (2q 30) =
3

y = sin 2x

(l) tan (q + 45) = 1

q + 45 = 135, 315

q = 90, 270

0
2

y
y = 2 cos

Therefore, q = 0, 360

(g)

(m)

y
1
0

y = |sin 2x | + 1

(h)

y = 2 cos 1

90

(n)

270

360

y = cos 2 + 1

0
0

(i)

180

45

180

135

270

225

360

180

270

360

y = |sin 2x |

(o)

y = tan 2x

90
0

90

y
3
y = sin x
2

1
x

315

60 120 180 240300 360

(j)

(p)

y = 2 tan x

y
3
y = cos x
2

240

90

180

270

360

60

120 180 300

x
360

(k)

(q)

y
y = |sin x |

(l)

90

180 270

y = |cos 2x |

270

240

360

y
3

x
180

120

360

(r)

90

y = 2 sin 3x

360

1
y = 3 sin x
2

x
180

360

 12. (a)

15. y = 1 + cos x

y
x
y=

0.5

1.88 1.54 1.07 0.58 0.20 0.01

x
x

2.5

3.0

y = 1 + cos x
3
y = x
4

3x
y=
2

y = 2 |sin 2x |

2
y

1.5

The number of solutions is 2.

13. (a)

3x
y=
4

2
y = sin x

(b) sin x =

sin x =

x
2

1.5

2.6

2.6

1.5

1.5

a2 + c2 = b2
a2
c2
b2

+
=
b2
b2
b2
2
2
a
c
+ = 1
b
b
sin2 q + cos2 q = 1

1 2 1 2

(b)

sin2 q + cos2 q = 1
sin2 q
cos2 q
1

+
=
2
cos q
cos2 q
cos2 q

tan2 q + 1 = sec2 q

(c)

y = 3 sin x

sin2 q + cos2 q = 1
sin2 q
cos2 q
1
+
=

sin2 q
sin2 q
sin2 q

1 + cot2 q = cosec2 q

17. (a) 1 + sin2 A

= 1 + (1 cos2 A)

= 2 cos2 A

x
y=2

16. (a)

x
y=2

4 cos x + 4 = 3x
3x
cos x + 1 =
4
The solution is 1.5.

14. y = 3 sin x

3x 1
(b) sin 2x =
2
3x 2

2 sin 2x =

There are 3 solutions.

(b)

x =
2
sin x +
3
3
x

3 sin x + = 2

x
3 sin x = 2

The solutions are 0.7 and 2.8.

tan A(tan A cot A)

= tan2 A 1
= (sec2 A 1) 1
= sec2 A 2

cos2 A sin2 A
(c) cot2 A sin2 A =
sin2 A


= cos2 A


= 1 sin2 A
(d) cosec A + cot A = cosec A + (cosec A 1)


= 2 cosec2 A 1
2

cos2 A + sin2 A
1
1 =
(e)
+
2
2
sin A
cos A
sin2 A cos2 A
1


=
sin2 A cos2 A
1
1


=

sin2 A cos2 A


= cosec2 A sec2 A

21

Therefore, q = 90, 19429, 34531

(e)

cos2 2q + 3 sin 2q = 3
1 sin2 2q + 3 sin 2q = 3
sin2 2q 3 sin 2q + 2 = 0
(sin 2q 2)(sin 2q 1) = 0

sin 2q 2 = 0
, sin 2q 1 = 0

sin 2q = 2

sin 2q = 1

q undefined
2q = 90, 450




q = 45, 225

2
tan (2q 30) =
cos (2q 30)
sin (2q 30)
2

=
cos (2q 30) cos (2q 30)
sin (2q 30) cos (2q 30) = 2 cos (2q 30)
sin (2q 30) cos (2q 30) 2 cos (2q 30) = 0
cos (2q 30) [sin (2q 30) 2] = 0

(f)

sin2 2A + sec2 2A = 3 tan2 2A + sec2 2A

(f) 3
cos2 2A

= 3(sec2 2A 1) + sec2 2A


= 3 sec2 2A 3 + sec2 2A


= 4 sec2 2A 3

cos (2q 30) = 0


2q 30 = 90, 270, 450, 630


2q = 120, 300, 480, 660

q = 60, 150, 240, 330

18. (a)
sin2 q + cos q = 1

1 cos2 q + cos q = 1


cos2 q cos q = 0

cos q(cos q 1) = 0
, cos q = 1

cos q = 0
q = 90, 270
q = 0, 360

1,
sin q = 1
sin q =
4
q = 19429, 34531
q = 90

Therefore, q = 0, 90, 270, 360

tan q + cot q = 2
1


tan q + = 2
tan q


tan2 q + 1 = 2 tan q

tan2 q 2 tan q + 1 = 0

(tan q 1)(tan q 1) = 0


tan q = 1

q = 45, 225

sin (2q 30) 2 = 0

sin (2q 30) = 2

q undefined
Therefore, q = 60, 150, 240, 330

(b)

19. (a) cos B(sin A cos A) + sin B(cos A + sin A)

= cos B sin A cos B cos A + sin B cos A
+ sin B sin A

= sin A cos B + sin B cos A cos B cos A
+ sin B sin A

= sin (A + B) (cos A cos B sin A sin B)

= sin (A + B) cos (A + B)

cos A cos B sin A sin B
cos (A + B)
(b) =
sin B cos A
sin B cos A
cos A cos B sin A sin B


=

sin B cos A
sin B cos A
sin A
cos B


=
sin B
cos A


= cot B tan A

(c) sec2 q + tan2 q = 4

1 + tan2 q + tan2 q = 4


2 tan2 q = 3
3


tan2 q =
2

ABB

3
tan q =
2
q = 5046, 12914, 23046,
30914

(c) sec A sin (A + B) sec B

1
1

= (sin A cos B + cos A sin B)
cos A
cos B
1
(sin A cos B + cos A sin B)

=
cos A cos B
cos A sin B
sin A cos B +

=
cos A cos B cos A cos B
sin B
sin A

= +
cos A
cos B

= tan A + tan B

1
(d)
3 cosec q 4 =
sin2 q
3
1


4 =
sin q
sin2 q


3 sin q 4 sin2 q = 1

4 sin2 q 3 sin q 1 = 0

(4 sin q + 1)(sin q 1) = 0

43

sin A sin B cos A cos B

(d) 1

cos A cos B sin (A + B)

(d) cosec 2A tan A

1
sin A

=
sin 2A
cos A
sin A
1

=
cos A
2 sin A cos A
1 2 sin2 A

=
2 sin A cos A
cos 2A

=
sin 2A

= cot 2A

43

cos A cos B sin A sin B

cos A cos B
=
cos A cos B
sin (A + B)
cos
(A
+
B)
=
sin (A + B)
= cot (A + B)

20. sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

Let B = A
sin 2A = sin A cos A + cos A sin A

= 2 sin A cos A

24. (a) 6 sin x cos x = 1

1

2 sin x cos x =
3
1


sin 2x =
3


2x = 1928, 16032, 37928, 52032

x = 944, 8016, 18944, 26016

21. cos (A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B

Let B = A
cos 2A = cos A cos A sin A sin A

= cos2 A sin2 A

= cos2 A (1 cos2 A)

= cos2 A 1 + cos2 A

= 2 cos2 A 1

(b) 2 sin 2x + sin2 x = cos2 x

2 sin 2x = cos2 x sin2 x


2 sin 2x = cos 2x
sin 2x
1

=
cos 2x
2
1


tan 2x =
2


2x = 2634, 20634, 38634,

56634

x = 1317, 10317, 19317,

28317

tan A + tan B
22. tan (A + B) =
1 tan A tan B
Let B = A
tan A + tan A
tan 2A =
1 tan A tan A
2 tan A

=
1
tan2 A

(c) sin (x + 30) = sin (x 30)

sin x cos 30 + cos x sin 30

= sin x cos 30 cos x sin 30

cos x sin 30 + cos x sin 30

= sin x cos 30 sin x cos 30

2 cos x sin 30 = 0


cos x = 0

x = 90, 270

cos2 A sin2 A
2 cos 2A
23. (a) =
2 sin A cos A
sin A cos A
2 cos 2A

=
sin 2A

= 2 cot 2A
(b)

cos2 A 1 = cos2 A (sin2 A + cos2 A)

= cos2 A sin2 A cos2 A

= sin2 A

= cos 2A cos2 A

25. (a) cos x cos 60 sin x sin 60 = sin 30

cos (x + 60) = sin 30
1


=
2


x + 60 = 60, 300, 420

x = 0, 240, 360
(b) 2 sin2 x + 3 sin 2x = 1


3 sin 2x = 1 2 sin2 x


= cos 2x
sin 2x
1

=
cos 2x
3
1


tan 2x =
3


2x = 1826, 19826, 37826,

55826

x = 913, 9913, 18913,

27913

(c) (tan A tan B)(sin A sin B)

sin A
sin B

= (sin A sin B)
cos A
cos B
sin A cos B sin B cos A (sin A sin B)

=
cos A cos B
sin A sin B

= sin (A B)
cos A cos B

= sin (A B) tan A tan B

(c)
2 sin x cos 45 = 2 cos x sin 45 1

2 sin x cos 45 2 cos x sin 45 = 1
1

sin x cos 45 cos x sin 45 =
2
1


sin (x 45) =
2

x 45 = 210

x = 255

(b) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

AB3
3
1 +
4


=
5
2
5 2
4AB
3
3 +


=
10
10

1 21

26. (a) sin (x + y) = sin x cos y + cos x sin y

2 +
1


=
5
5
3


=
5

(b) sin (x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

2
1


=
5
5
1


=
5

2
B

1 2
1 2

3 2
= 1 2
5
9
= 1 2
25
18
= 1
25
7
=
25

A
2

1 and sin B =
1
29. Given tan A =
2
3

y

1 0

1 21

4AB
3 3
=
10

(d) sin 2B = 2 sin B cos B

AB3
1


= 2
2
2
AB3


=
2

(b) cos (x y) = cos x cos y + sin x sin y

1 +
1


=
4
2
3


=
4

2 1 21 2

(c) cos 2A = 1 2 sin2 A

27. (a) cos (x + y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

1
1


=
4
2
1


=
4

28. (a)

3
3 + 4AB

4
=
4 3AB
3

4
3
3 + 4AB
=
4 3AB
3

3
B

\ A and B are in 2nd quadrant,

where 90 , A , 180 and 90 , B , 180.
2 tan A
(a) (i) tan 2A =
1 tan2 A
1
2
2



=
1 2
1
2
1



=
3

4
4



=
3

tan (A B)
tan A tan B
=
1 + tan A tan B
3 (AB

3 )
4
=
3 (AB
1 +
3 )
4
3 + AB

3
4
=
3AB
3
1
4

1 2

(ii) tan 4A = tan 2(2A)

2 tan 2A


=
1 tan2 2A
4
2
3


=
4 2
1
3
8

3


=
16
1
9
8
9


=
3
7
24


=
7

(b) (i)

21

1
sec 2A =
cos 2A
1

=
2 cos2 A 1
1

=
2
2
2 1
AB5
1

=
3

5
5

=
3

3
(ii) cos 2A =
5

cos 4A = cos 2(2A)


= 2 cos2 (2A) 1

(iii) tan 3A = tan (A + 2A)

tan A + tan 2A


=
1 tan A tan 2A

1 12 2 + 1 43 2
=
1
4
1 1
2 21 3 2

1
4

2
3

=
2
1
3
11
3
=
6
1
11
=
2

(iv)

(iv)

1 2

3 2 1
=2
5
18 1
=
25
7
=
25

(iii) cos 3A = cos (A + 2A)



= cos A cos 2A sin A sin 2A

= cos A cos 2A sin A 2 sin A cos A

A
tan A = tan 2
2
A
2 tan
2
1

=
2
A
1 tan2
2
A
2 A

4 tan = tan 1
2
2
A
A
tan2 4 tan 1 = 0
2
2
(4)2 4(1)(1)
(4) ABBBBBBBBBBB
A
tan =
2
2(1)
4 ABB
20

=
2
5
4 2AB

=
2

= 2 AB
5
5 , 2 + AB
5

= 2 AB

1 2

(c) (i)

10

21 2

2
1 2
1
3
=
AB5 5
AB5
AB5
2

AB5
4
6 +
=
5AB
5
5AB
5
2
=
5AB
5

A
cos A = 2 cos2 1
2
2
2 A
= 2 cos 1
2
AB5

1 2

A
2 cos2 = 0.1056
2
2 A
cos = 0.0528
2
A
Since 45 , , 90,
2
A
then cos = 0.2298
2
sin 2B = 2 sin B cos B
AB8
1

=2
3
3
AB2
2
1

=2
3
3
AB
4 2

=
9

1 21
1 21

2 cos x 1 = 0 , cos x + 1 = 0
1

cos x =
cos x = 1
2
x = 180

x = 60, 300

(ii) sin 4B = 2 sin 2B cos 2B

= 2 sin 2B(1 2 sin2 B)
4AB
2
1 2


= 2 1 2
3
9
AB
8
2
7


=
9 9
56AB
2


=
81

23

1 24

Therefore, x = 60, 180, 300

1 2

3.
6 cosec2 x = 13 cot x

6(1 + cot2 x) = 13 cot x

6 + 6 cot2 x = 13 cot x
6 cot2 x 13 cot x + 6 = 0
(2 cot x 3)(3 cot x 2) = 0
3
2
cot x =
,
cot x =
2
3
2
3
tan x =
tan x =
3
2
x = 3341, 21341
x = 5619, 23619

(iii) sin 3B = sin (B + 2B)

= sin B cos 2B + cos B sin 2B
AB8
4AB
2
1
7 +


=

3 9
3
9
16
7 +


=
27
27
23


=
27

1 21 2 1

(iv)

21

Therefore, x = 3341, 5619, 21341, 23619

B
cos B = cos 2
2

1 2

4.

AB8
B
= 1 2 sin2
2
3
2 B
2 sin = 1.9428
2
B
sin2 = 0.9714
2
B
Since 45 , , 90, then
2
B
sin = 0.9856
2

1.

5.
3 cos 2x + 8 cos x = 5
3(2 cos2 x 1) + 8 cos x 5 = 0

6 cos2 x + 8 cos x 8 = 0

3 cos2 x + 4 cos x 4 = 0

(cos x + 2)(3 cos x 2) = 0
cos x + 2 = 0
,
3 cos x 2 = 0
cos x = 2
3 cos x = 2
2

x undefined
cos x =
3


x = 4811, 31149

1 k2

Therefore, x = 4811, 31149

6. (a)
1
(a) cosec q =
ABBBB
1 k2
(b) cos (90 q)

= sin q

y
y = 2 sin x

1 k2
= ABBBB

2.
sin2 x cos2 x =
(1 cos2 x) cos2 x =
2 cos2 x + cos x 1 =
(2 cos x 1)(cos x + 1) =

5
6625, 29335

Therefore, x = 6625, 10928, 25032, 29335

1 2

1
15 cos2 x cos x = 4
2

15 cos2 x cos x 2 = 0
(3 cos x + 1)(5 cos x 2) = 0
1
cos x =
,
cos x =
3
x = 10928, 25032
x =

1 2

15 cos2 x cos x = 4 cos 60

cos x
cos x
0
0

y=
2x

x
3

(b) 2 sin x + = 0
2x

2 sin x =
2x

A suitable graph to be added is y =

2x
There are 2 solutions.
11

 7. (a)

(b) (i)

y
1

y = sin 2x

90

x
x
y=1
180

180

0
1

x .
The line to be drawn is y = 1
180
There are 3 solutions.

8. (a) (sin x + cos x)2 = sin2 x + 2 sin x cos x + cos2 x

= sin2 x + cos2 x + sin 2x


= 1 + sin 2x
(b)

0
1
2

y = cos 2x

3x
3 x =
1
(ii) sin
2
2
2
3x
3

2 sin x = 1

2
3

The straight line is y =
x 1.

There is only one solution.

1. 2 cos (2q 15) = 1

1
cos (2q 15) =
2

2q 15 = 60, 300, 420, 660

q = 3730, 15730, 21730, 33730

y
1

3
y = 2 sin x
2

x
1
(b) sin x cos x =
2 360
x

2 sin x cos x = 1
180
x


sin 2x = 1
180

3
y = x
1

x
2

2.

x
y=
2

1 + k2

x
2 sin2 x 3 =

x +2
2 sin2 x 1 =

x 2
1 2 sin2 x =

x 2

cos 2x =

k
(a) sin q =
ABBBB
1 + k2

x 2.
The straight line to be drawn is y =

There are 2 solutions.

1
(b) sec (90 q) =
cos (90 q)
1


=
sin
q

cos q
sin q
9. (a) cot q tan q =
sin q
cos q
cos2 q sin2 q


=
sin q cos q
cos 2q


=
sin q cos q
2 cos 2q


=
2 sin q cos q
2 cos 2q


=
sin 2q


= 2 cot 2q

ABBBB
1 + k2
=
k

3.

2 sin q = tan q
sin q

=
cos q
2 sin q cos q sin q = 0
sin q(2 cos q 1) = 0
sin q = 0
,
2 cos q 1 = 0
1
q = 0, 180, 360
cos q =
2



q = 60, 300
Therefore, q = 0, 60, 180, 300, 360

12

 4. cot q = 4 tan q
1 = 4 tan q

tan q
1
tan2 q =
4
1
tan q =
2

q = 2634, 15326, 20634, 33326

1
sin q =
,
2
q = 30, 150

sin q = 1
q = 270

Therefore, q = 30, 150, 270

sin 4q = 1

cos 2q

sin 4q = cos 2q
2 sin 2q cos 2q cos 2q = 0

cos 2q(2 sin 2q 1) = 0
cos 2q = 0
2q = 90, 270, 450, 630

q = 45, 135, 225, 315

10.

5.
3 + sec2 x = tan x

3 + 1 + tan2 x = tan x
tan2 x tan x 2 = 0
(tan x 2)(tan x + 1) = 0
tan x = 2
,
tan x = 1
x = 6326, 24326
x = 135, 315

2 sin 2q 1 = 0
1

sin 2q =
2

2q = 30, 150, 390, 510

q = 15, 75, 195, 255

Therefore, x = 6326, 135, 24326, 315

6.
2 sin2 x + cos x = 1
2(1 cos2 x) + cos x = 1
2 2 cos2 x + cos x 1 = 0
2 cos2 x cos x 1 = 0
(2 cos x + 1)(cos x 1) = 0
2 cos x + 1 = 0
,
cos x = 1
1

cos x =
x = 0, 360
2

x = 120, 240

Therefore, q = 15, 45, 75, 135, 195, 225, 255, 315

11.
sin2 (2x + 10) = 2 cos (2x + 10) 2
1 cos2 (2x + 10) = 2 cos (2x + 10) 2
cos2 (2x + 10) + 2 cos (2x + 10) 3 = 0
[cos (2x + 10) + 3][cos (2x + 10) 1] = 0
cos (2x + 10) + 3 = 0
cos (2x + 10) = 3

x undefined

Therefore, x = 0, 120, 240, 360

cos (2x + 10) = 1

2x + 10 = 0, 360, 720

2x = 10, 350, 710

x = 5, 175, 355

7.
3 cot2 x + cosec x 1 = 0
3(cosec2 x 1) + cosec x 1 = 0
3 cosec2 x 3 + cosec x 1 = 0

3 cosec2 x + cosec x 4 = 0
(3 cosec x + 4)(cosec x 1) = 0
4 ,
cosec x =
cosec x = 1
3
sin x = 1
3
sin x =
x = 90
4

x = 22835, 31125

Therefore, x = 175, 355

12.

1 t2

Therefore, x = 90, 22835, 31125

B 1
A
0

1
4 sin q =
2 cos q
1
2 sin q cos q =
4
1

sin 2q =
4

2q = 1429, 16531, 37429, 52531

q = 715, 8246, 18715, 26246

8.

1 k2

(a) tan (A B)
tan A tan B

=
1 + tan A tan B
ABBBB
k
1 t2
+
t
2
ABBBB
1 k

=
ABBBB
k
1 t2
1 +
t
ABBBB
1 k2

9.
cos 2q = sin q

1 2 sin2 q = sin q
2 sin2 q + sin q 1 = 0
(2 sin q 1)(sin q + 1) = 0

13

21

kt + ABBBBBBBBBB
(1 k2)(1 t2)

(ABBBB
1 k2 )(t)
=
tABBBB
1 k2 kABBBB
1 t2

(ABBBB
1 k2 )(t)

kt + ABBBBBBBBBB
(1 k2)(1 t2)
=
tABBBB
1 k2 kABBBB
1 t2

sec q +
cosec q
18. (a)
cos q
sin q
1
1

=
+
cos2 q
sin2 q
sin2 q + cos2 q

=
cos2 q sin2 q
1

=
(cos q sin q)(cos q sin q)
4

=
(2 cos q sin q)(2 cos q sin q)
4

=
sin2 2q

= 4 cosec2 2q

1
(b) cosec 2B =
sin 2B
1


=
2 sin B cos B
1


=
2(ABBBB
1 t2 )(t)
1


=

(b)

2tABBBB
1 t2

y = | tan x |

16.

y = |cos x | + 2

2
1
x

17.

180

360

x + 1
The suitable straight line is y =

There is only one solution.

(b)

y
1

x cos x + sin x = cos x

sin x
x +
= 1

cos x
x + tan x = 1

x + 1 = tan x

sin x
cos x
19. (a) cot x + tan x = +
sin x
cos x
cos2 x + sin2 x


=
sin x cos x
1


=
sin x cos x
2


=
2 sin x cos x
2


=
sin 2x


= 2 cosec 2x

y
3

y
2

y = sin 2x

y = (x )
x

180

2
y = tan x

14. cos 2q + 2 sin2 q = (1 2 sin2 q) + 2 sin2 q

= 1

13. (sin q + cos q)(sin q cos q)

= sin2 q cos2 q
= (1 cos2 q) cos2 q
= 1 2 cos2 q

15.

x
y=
+1

y = |sin 2x |

360

14

 x2 + 2 = sin 2x + 2x

sin 2x = x2 2x + 2


= (x )2


20. (a)

The suitable graph is y = (x )2

There are 3 solutions
2 cos x sin x = cos x + cos x sin x

= cos2 x + cos 2x

= (1 sin2 x) + cos 2x

= 1 + cos 2x sin2 x
2

(b) y = cos 2x
x

45

90

135

180

y
y = |cos 2x |

1.0

cos A = k
A
2 cos2 1 = k
2
1 + k
A =

cos2
2
2
A
Since 0 , , 45,
2
1 + k
A =
then cos
2
2

(ii) cos 2A = 2 cos2 A 1

= 2k2 1

(iii)

ABBBB

cos 3A
= cos (A + 2A)
= cos A cos 2A sin A sin 2A
= k(2k2 1) ABBBB
1 k2 (2 sin A cos A)
2
= k(2k 1) ABBBB
1 k2 (2 ABBBB
1 k2 k)
2
2
= k(2k 1) 2k(1 k )
= 2k3 k 2k + 2k3
= 4k3 3k
= k(4k2 3)

0.5

60

120

180

x
1
y=
120 2

0.5

1
2 sin A
22. (a)
+
cos A
cos2 A
2 sin A cos A
1

=
+
cos2 A
cos2 A
2 sin A cos A

= sec2 A +
cos A cos A

= sec2 A + 2 tan A

= 1 + tan2 A + 2 tan A

= tan2 A + 2 tan A + 1

= (1+ tan A)2

x
2 cos 2x = 1
60
x
2 cos 2x = 1
60
x
1
cos 2x =
120 2

(b)

y
2B

x
1
The suitable line is y =
120 2
The solution is x = 120

21. (a) sin 3A

= sin (A + 2A)

= sin A cos 2A + cos A sin 2A

= sin A(1 2 sin2 A) + cos A(2 sin A cos A)

= sin A 2 sin3 A + 2 sin A cos2 A

= sin A(1 2 sin2 A + 2 cos2 A)

= sin A[1 2(sin2 A cos2 A)]

= sin A(1 + 2 cos 2A)
(b) (i)

1
A
0

1 k2
x

15

1 t2

(i)

cos 2B = t
2 cos2 B 1 = t
1 + t

cos2 B =
2
Since 270 , 2B , 360

135 , B , 180, then

ABBBBB

1 + t
cos B =
2

B
cos B = 1 2 sin2
2
B
1 +
t
= 1 2 sin2
2
2
1 +
t
2 B
2 sin = 1 +
2
2
1 +
t
1 +
2
2 B
sin =
2
2
1
1
Since 67 , B , 90,
2
2

(ii)

ABBBBB

B =
then sin
2

25. (a) sin (x + 30) + cos (x 60) = 0

sin x cos 30 + cos x sin 30 +
(cos x cos 60 + sin x sin 60) = 0

ABBBBB
ABBBBB

ABBBBB
ABBBBB

(b)

1 + k2
A
1

k
x

sin (A B)
= sin A cos B cos A sin B
k
1
= (t) (ABBBB
1 t2 )
2
ABBBB
ABBBB
1 + k
1 + k2
ABBBB
kt
1 t2
=
ABBBB
ABBBB
1 + k2
1 + k2

1
3
26. (a) 1 +
=
tan x
sin2 x
3 cos x

sin2 x + 1 = sin2 x
sin x

sin2 x + 1 = 3 sin x cos x

sin2 x + sin2 x + cos2 x = 3 sin x cos x

2 sin2 x 3 sin x cos x + cos2 x = 0

(2 sin x cos x)(sin x cos x) = 0

2 sin x cos x = 0
1


tan x =
2


x = 2634, 20634

sin x
1
1 2 sin2 x
24. (a)
=
cos
x
2 sin x cos x
2 sin x cos x
cos 2x

=
sin 2x

= cot 2x
(b) tan (x + y) = sec2 x tan2 x


= 1 + tan2 x tan2 x


= 1

x + y = 225......................... 1

sin x cos x = 0
tan x 1 = 0


tan x = 1

x = 45, 225

tan (x y) = 1

x y = 135......................... 2

Substitute x = 180 into 1,

y = 225 180
= 45

1 B
t

sin x sin y
= sin x sin y + cos x cos y cos x cos y
= cos x cos y + sin x sin y cos x cos y
= t (cos x cos y sin x sin y)
= t cos (x + y)

1 t2

(b) sin 2y = 2 sin y cos y

2 sin y cos y


= 2 sin x cos x
2 sin x cos x
4(sin x cos y)(cos x sin y)


=
sin 2x


= 4kp cosec 2x

1 + 2, 2x = 360

x = 180

3 sin x = 0
cos x + AB
AB3 sin x = cos x

sin x
1

cos x =
AB3
1


tan x =
AB3

x = 150, 330

1 + t
1 +
2

23. (a) sin (x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

=kp

(c)

AB3
AB3
1
1
sin x + cos x + cos x + sin x = 0
2
2
2
2

16

Therefore, x = 2634, 45, 20634, 225

(b)

cos (A B) = sin (A C)
cos A cos B + sin A sin B = sin A cos C

cos A sin C
sin A sin B sin A cos C = cos A sin C

cos A cos B

sin A(sin B cos C) = cos A(sin C cos B)

sin A
sin C cos B

=
cos A
sin B cos C
(cos B + sin C)

tan A =
(cos C sin B)
cos B + sin C

=
cos C sin B

cos q = sin q
4

cos q = sin q cos cos q sin
4
4

cos q + cos q sin = sin q cos

4
4

1 + sin
4
sin q

cos q
cos
4

1 + sin
4

tan q =

cos
4

q = 6730, 24730

27. (a)

(b)

28. (a) (i)

(ii)

(iii)

1 AB 2
ABBBBBBBB
1
1 1

2
2

tan (x + y) = 3
tan x + tan y
= 3
1 tan x tan y
tan x + tan y = 3 3 tan x tan y..........1

(b)

2 tan y = 3 tan x 2
3 tan x 1...............................2
tan y =
2

Substitute 2 into 1,

3 tan x 1 = 3 3 tan x
3 tan x 1
tan x +
2
2
9 tan2 x + 3 tan x

=3
2
9
1
2
tan x tan x 4 = 0
2
2

9 tan2 x tan x 8 = 0
(9 tan x + 8)(tan x 1) = 0
8
,
tan x = 1
tan x =
9
x = 45, 225
x = 13822, 31822

Therefore, x = 45, 13822, 225, 31822

sin 50 = sin 2(25)

= 2 sin 25 cos 25
1 sin2 25

= 2fABBBBBBBB
ABBBB

= 2f 1 fB2

cos 25 = ABBBBBBBB
1 sin2 25
1 fB2
= ABBBB
1 1
cos 25 = 2 cos2 12
2
1 1
2
2
ABBBB
B

1 f = 2 cos 12
2
ABBBB
B2
1
f
1 +
1 =
cos2 12
2
2
1 =
cos 12
2

sin 22.5 =

cos 70 = cos 2(35)

= 2 cos2 35 1

= 2g2 1

1
29. (a) 1 + sec 2A = 1 +
cos 2A
cos 2A + 1


=
cos 2A
cos
2A + 1

sin 2A


=
cos 2A

sin 2A
1
cos
2A + 1


=
cot 2A
sin 2A
2 cos2 A 1 + 1 (tan 2A)


=
2 sin A cos A
cos
A


= (tan 2A)
sin A


= cot A tan 2A
tan 2A


=
tan A

1 + (2 cos2 B 1)
1 + cos 2B
(b) =
1 cos 2B
1 (1 2 sin2 B)
2 cos2 B


=
2 sin2 B
cos B 2


=
sin B


= cot2 B


= cosec2 B 1

cos 45 = 1 2 sin2 (22.5)

1

= 1 2 sin2 (22.5)
AB2
1
1 1
sin2 (22.5) =
2
AB2

ABBBBB
ABBBBBBB
1 + 1 f2

17

sin (x y)
3
30. (a) =
5
sin (x + y)

5 sin x cos y 5 cos x sin y

= 3 sin x cos y + 3 cos x sin y

2 sin x cos y = 8 cos x sin y
8 sin y
sin x

cos x =
2 cos y


tan x = 4 tan y..............................1

tan A 1
tan A 1
(b) =
1
1 cot A
1
tan A
tan A 1


=
tan A 1

tan A

tan y tan (x + y) = 1
tan x + tan y
tan y = 1
1 tan x tan y

tan y tan x + tan2 y = 1 tan x tan y
2 tan y tan x + tan2 y 1 = 0....................2

Substitute 1 into 2,
2 tan y (4 tan y) + tan2 y 1 = 0

9 tan2 y 1 = 0
(3 tan y 1)(3 tan y + 1) = 0
1 , tan y =
1
tan y =
3
3
1.
Since 90 , y , 180, then tan y =
3

4 10 sin2 x = 0
4

sin2 x =
10

Therefore, x = 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330

cos2 x
3 cos x =

sin x
2
3 cos x sin x = cos2 x

2

3 cos x sin x = 2 cos2 x
2
2 cos x 3 cos x sin x = 0
cos x(2 cos x 3 sin x) = 0
cos x = 0
x = 90, 270

A + B = 5627.......................1
A B = 936.........................2

1 + 2, 2A = 663

A = 332

2 cos x 3 sin x = 0

2 cos x = 3 sin x
sin x
2

=
cos x
3
2



tan x =
3

x = 3341, 21341

sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B

1
1
sin (A B) =
2
3
1 , 0 , A B , 90
sin (A B) =
6

A B = 936

31. (a)

Therefore, x = 3914, 90, 14046, 21914,

270, 32046

sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B

1 +
1

sin (A + B) =
2
3
5 , 0 , A + B , 180

sin (A + B) =
6

A + B = 5627, 12333

ABBB

4
sin x =
10
x = 3914, 14046, 21914, 32046

1 and cos A sin B =

1,
(b) Given sin A cos B =
2
3

0 , A , 90, 0 , B , 90

32. (a)
4 cos x cos 2x = sin x sin 2x


4 cos x cos 2x = sin x(2 sin x cos x)

4 cos x(1 2 sin2 x) = 2 sin2 x cos x

4 cos x 8 cos x sin2 x 2 sin2 x cos x = 0


4 cos x 10 cos x sin2 x = 0


cos x(4 10 sin2 x) = 0

cos x = 0
x = 90, 270

4 sin2 x 1 = 0
1

sin2 x =
4
1

sin x =
2

x = 30, 150, 210, 330

1
(b)
sin 2x =
2 tan x
cos x


2 sin x cos x =
2 sin x

4 sin2 x cos x cos x = 0

cos x(4 sin2 x 1) = 0

cos x = 0
x = 90, 270

tan A
= (tan A 1)
tan A 1
= tan A

Therefore, x = 3341, 90, 21341, 270

18

Substitute A = 332 into 1,

B = 5627 332
= 2325

OR

A + B = 12333.....................3
A B = 936.........................4

 34. (a) 4 cos2 A 1 = sin 2A

4 cos2 A sin 2A 1 = 0
2

4 cos A 2 sin A cos A (sin2 A + cos2 A) = 0


3 cos2 A 2 sin A cos A sin2 A = 0


(3 cos A + sin A)(cos A sin A) = 0

3 cos A + sin A = 0


tan A = 3

A = 10826, 28826

cos A sin A = 0


cos A = sin A


tan A = 1


A = 45, 225

3 + 4, 2A = 1339

A = 6635

Substitute A = 6635 into 3,

B = 12333 6635

= 5658

Therefore, A = 332, B = 2325 or A = 6635,

B = 5658

1
sin x cos x =
2
1
2


(sin x cos x) =
4
1
2
2

sin x + cos x 2 sin x cos x =
4
1


1 sin 2x =
4
3


sin 2x =
4


2x = 4835, 13125

x = 2418, 6543

33. (a)

(b) sin (x + 45) cos (x + 45)

= (sin x cos 45 + cos x sin 45)(cos x cos 45
sin x sin 45)

(b) tan A + cot 2A

sin A
cos 2A

= +
cos A
sin 2A
sin A sin 2A + cos A cos 2A

=
cos A sin 2A
2 sin2 A cos A + cos A(1 2 sin2 A)

=
cos A sin 2A
2
A
cos
A + cos A 2 sin2 A cos A
2
sin

=
cos A sin 2A
cos A

=
cos A sin 2A
1

=
sin 2A

= cosec 2A

tan A + cot 2A = cosec 2A

Let 2A = 90

A = 45

Therefore, A = 45, 10826, 225, 28826

tan 45 + cot 90 = cosec 90

1 + cot 90 = 1

cot 90 = 0

19

21

1 sin x +
1 cos x
1 cos x
1 sin x
=
AB2
AB2
AB2
AB2
1 sin x cos x
1 sin2 x +
1 cos2 x
1 cos x sin x
=
2
2
2
2
1 cos2 x
1 sin2 x
=
2
2
1 (cos2 x sin2 x)
=
2
1 (1 sin2 x sin2 x)
=
2
1 (1 2 sin2 x)
=
2
1 sin2 x
=
2