Works Cited

Brants, Chrisje. "The Fine Art of Regulated Tolerance: Prostitution In Amsterdam." Journal of
Law and Society 25.4 (1998): 621-635. Print.
In his article, Chrisje Brants discusses prostitution in Amsterdam; how it has changed
from the "regulation" model to the "legalization" model. The article discusses how
prostitution is related to criminal work and general policy. Recent developments toward
either legalization of prostitution or crackdown of prostitution are discussed in detail in
relation the Amsterdam's red light districts, famous for prostitution of cage girls.
"CASE 2: Preventing HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Thailand." Million Saved.
Center for Global Development, n.d. Web. 2 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.cgdev.org/doc/millions/MS_case_2.pdf>.
This case study discussed how in Thailand, where prostitution was prohibited, there was
a high prevalence rate of HIV and AIDS among prostitutes and the general public. After
a national initiative that implemented a 100% condom use among prostitutes, the rate
fell sharply. This article portrays that by regulating prostitution on the state level and
allowing for health checks, the risks of acquiring diseases by prostitutes and customers
decreases greatly. Also, as a result of the national government campaign, the number of
men attending the brothels as customers almost halved.
Kristof, Nicholas D., and Sheryl WuDunn. Half the sky: turning oppression into opportunity for
women worldwide. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2009. Print.
Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn wrote the book Half the Sky to portray the human
rights issues that exist around the world for women and children. In the chapters about
prostitution, they discussed the various views of prostitution, stating that they favor the
abolitionist model. They heavily discuss the Sonagachi Project as an example of
legalization of prostitution, and the crackdown of brothels in Mumbai as an example of
abortion of prostitution. They also discuss the differences between the viewpoints of the
Netherlands and Sweden. In addition to data and their logical claims, they vividly
describe the brothels and the experiences of a few girls in prostitution.
Marinova, Nadejda K., and Patrick James. "The Tragedy of Human Trafficking: Competing
Theories and European Evidence." Foreign Policy Analysis 8 (2012): no-no. Print.
This article discusses the question of whether legalized prostitution increases trafficking.
The authors report that in Germany and the Netherlands, where prostitution is has been
legalized since 2002 and 2000, respectively, there has been a recorded increase in
trafficking of persons. In Sweden, however, where prostitution has been outlawed since
1999, there has been a significant decrease in trafficking of persons. The authors came to
the conclusion that legalizing prostitution increases trafficking.
Poudel, Meena, and Anita Shrestha. "Dealing With Hidden Issues: Trafficked Women In Nepal."
Development in Practice 6.4 (1996): 352-363. Print.
Poudel, Meena and Anita discuss the issues of trafficking and prostitution in Nepal,
where it is illegal to have forced labour and trafficking in human beings. The authors ask
for change as they state that the Nepalese law is not enforced, and that brothel owners
and pimps feel free to do as they wish with the girls.
Ekberg, Gunilla. "Abolishing Prostitution: The Swedish Solution." Rain and Thunder: A
Radical Feminist Journal of Discussion and Activism 41 (2008): 1-8. Print.
In an interview by the Rain and Thunder Collective, A Radical Feminist Journal of
Discussion and Activism, Gunilla Ekberg, Co-Executive Director of non-governmental
international organization Coalition Against Trafficking In Women, discusses why it is
best to abolish prostitution. She examines and discusses the principles behind the
Swedish model of prostitution and how it has been successful both in Sweden and
outside. She mentions positive changes and attitudes about prostitution since the
Swedish law has taken effect. She mentions examples of Campaigns and their successes
such as the Nordic Baltic Campaign Against Trafficking in Women.
Farley, Melissa . "Prostitution, Trafficking, and Cultural Amnesia: What We Must Not Know in
Order To Keep the Business of Sexual Exploitation Running Smoothly." Yale Journal of
Law and Feminism 109 (2006): 101-136. Print.
This article discusses various studies and findings that portray that legalized prostitution
simply allows the public to close an eye and be deceived about the harmful reality of the
situation. It strongly supports the claims that prostitution is violent for women who are
in prostitution, as well as racist, sexist, and prejudiced against them. Farley discusses
how legalized or decriminalized prostitution makes the situation of prostitutes worse.
Also, varying terms of prostitution are described and their similarities to opposing views
of prostitution.

Jeffreys, Sheila. "The Legalisation of Prostitution: A failed social experiment." Sisyphe.org .
N.p., 15 Feb. 2004. Web. 5 May 2014. <http://sisyphe.org/article.php3?id_article=697>.
This article discusses the legalization of brothels in Australia in the 1980s and 1990s, and
its failed social impact. The legalization has not achieved it's said objectives. Jeffreys
mentions that there was an increase in the illegal business of prostitution, police
corruption, harm implemented on women, and street prostitution.
Niemi, Johanna. "What We Talk About When We Talk About Buying Sex." Violence Against
Women 16(2) (2010): 159-172. Print.
This article discusses prostitution, trafficking and the idea of buying sex. It mentions
how Sweden, followed by Finland, has chosen the method of criminalizing the purchase
of sex but not the selling of it. The author discusses how the international sex trade is
increased as a result of prostitution. She also discusses the language differences among
the various views of prostitution.
"Prostitution is Not a Choice." Soroptimist White Paper. Soroptimist Organization, n.d. Web. 2
May 2014.
<https://www.soroptimist.org/whitepapers/whitepaperdocs/wpprostitution.pdf>.
This article is in favor of the abolition of prostitution, stating that prostitution is
dangerous and oppressive. It examines women who have been forced into prostitution,
and also discusses the demand for prostitution. Different approaches to prostitution are
discussed in relation to the "abolitionist" model. The paper strongly advocates that as
long as prostitution remains legal, violence and gender inequality of women will exist.
Raymond, Janice. "Ten Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution." Sisyphe.org . N.p., 4 May
2003. Web. 5 May 2014. <http://sisyphe.org/article.php3?id_article=691>.
The article discusses ten reasons why all forms of prostitution, should not be legalized.
Reasons include that prostitution expands the sex industry, promotes sex trafficking,
increases child prostitution and increases the parrapllel illegal business of prostitution.
"Trafficking From Caucasus." International Organization for Migration. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Apr.
2014. <http://www.iom.int/armenia/case_studies_caucasus_eng.pdf>.
This article mentions various case studies of trafficked women and children from
Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia to Turkey, UAE and Greece. The victims tell their
unique stories and how they were tricked by relatives and friends into the dirty world of
prostitution and trafficking.

Janice G. Raymond PhD (2004) Ten Reasons for Not Legalizing Prostitution and a Legal
Response to the Demand for Prostitution, Journal of Trauma Practice, 2:3-4, 315-332, DOI:
10.1300/J189v02n03_17
This article discusses the varying views of prostitution and whether it should be legalized or
abolished. It mentions the effects of legalization, such as in Netherlands and Germany, the
effects of prohibition, such as in Thailand, and the effects of abolition, such as in Sweden.
Overall, the article favors the abolition of prostitution, stating that legalization causes harm to
women, greatly expands the sex industry, enslaves women who are in prostitution, and
increases sex trafficking, the sex industry, child prostitution, and violence against women.
Day, Shelagh . "Prostitution: Violating the Human Rights of Poor Women." Action ontarienne
contra la violence faite aux femmes. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Apr. 2014.
<http://aocvf.ca/documents/Prostitution-v.angl_FINALE_WEB.pdf>.
This article discusses the various views of prostitution. It favors the abolition of
prostitution. The article discusses a study by Melissa Farley, which portrays that
prostitution causes violence on women and social harm to people. The study states that
women in prostitution cannot be defined as sex workers by the definition of work
itself, and rather take a similar definition of slavery and servitude.
Cho, Seo-Young, Axel Dreher, and Eric Neumayer. "Does Legalized Prostitution Increase
Human Trafficking?." World Development 41 (2013): 67-82. Print.

This paper has analyzed 150 countries, to determine whether legalizing prostitution
increases sex trafficking. The authors noticed that countries that have legalized
prostitution have a higher inflow of trafficking than countries that have not. It was
concluded that legalizing prostitution leads to an increase of the prostitution market and
an increase in human trafficking.
Lim, Lin Lean. The sex sector: the economic and social bases of prostitution in Southeast Asia.
Geneva: International Labour Office, 1998. Print.
In the book, "The Sex Sector," Lin Lean Lim discusses the economic and social
components of prostitution in Southeast Asia, especially in Malaysia, Thailand,
Indonesia and the Philippines. He also thoroughly discusses child prostitution and laws
and efforts of eliminating it. Finally, Lim considers the future of the sex sector and legal
approaches as well as social programs targeting it.

Sullivan, Mike, and Sheila Jeffreys. "Legalizing Prostitution Is Not The Answer: The Example
of Victoria, Australia." Coalition Against Trafficking International . N.p., n.d. Web. 1
May 2014.
<http://www.catwinternational.org/content/images/article/95/attachment.pdf>.
Mary Sullivan and Sheila Jeffreys, members of the Coalition Against Trafficking in
Women in Australia, have analyzed laws and trends in Australia to portray that
legalization of prostitution is not the answer. They discuss problems of the sex industry in
relation to the laws about prostitution, advocating for the abolition of human slavery.
"Trafficking and Prostitution: The Growing Exploitation of Migrant Women from Central and
Eastern Europe." Europa.eu. the International Organization for Migration, n.d. Web. 29
Apr. 2014.
<http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/daphnetoolkit/files/projects/1997_408/int_iom_traffic
king_prostitution_migrant_1995.pdf>.

The international organization for Migration has collected date on 155 causes of women
trafficked to the Netherlands in 1994 and held interviews in Belgium, Hungary, the
Netherlands and Switzerland with police, NGOs, government officials and researchers.
By studying trends in victims and their situations, the researchers found that there has
been an increase in trafficking, but that the topic does not have the attention worldwide
that it deserves.