Note Guidance and Counseling

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )
IPG KAMPUS KOTA BHARU lagendaputih29@yahoo.com

CHAPTER 1
Counselling
- is a process of interaction between counselor and their client which the
process is systematic base on the pscyotherapy principle
Guidance
- a process of helping people make important choice that effect their life.
Psychotherapy
- is a process of treatment using psychology approach which focuses on
internal problem like mental problem, personal issue or conflict
Concept
- guidance > give an assist ( knowledge, skills, experience, info )
- counselling > face2face interaction
- psychotherapy > talking treament (psychology approach)
Differences between guidance and counselling
Guidance Counselling
Giving info,
knwldge, skills
Giving advice
Encourage
exploration
Problem solving
Helping client to
make a good
choice
Helping people
for them to use
the strength that
they have to get
a good result

Differences between counselling and psychotherapy
Counselling Psychotherapy
Approach
Focus development recovery
Setting School, high
institut
Hospital,
mental health
care
Duration 1-5 session Bertahun2
depend on the
client
People Client Patient

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

The similarities
- all are using communication-based approach
- share common assumption about how helper should help client.
- All assume that the client is ultimately the decision maker
- All involve relationship between two ore more people
The differences
- guidance provide more information
- counselling and psychotherapy are more holistic than guidance in helping
client
Summary
- guidance and counselling are more suitable for normal client
experiencing problems that are not to serious.
- Meanwhile psychotherapy is more suitable for patient having serious
problem like mental problem
- G&C teacher have knowledge, info and basic skill to conduct the session
- Psychotherapist has specif skill and knowledge such as hypnosis
- G&C people known as client while P known as Patient
- G&C take shorter time compare to P which may last for for a few month
Goals of guidance and counselling
- psychological support > motivation
- resposibility > understand the consequences of the decision
- positive change > changing behavior, become more confident
- self-adjustment >
- effective decision making skill > can make a good decision
- potential achievement > development of the potential
Objective
- guiding student to have a good values and attitudes and positive behavior
- develop student potential to optimum potential
- guide the student to understand their strenths and weaknesses
- give advices for their future
- to change student behavior
- to establish the concept of kendiri positif
- provide guidance for student to make their choice
- give guidance to solve academic problems
- give motivation
principle
- the client can having a fair service without need to consider their
background
- it become the responsibility of counselor, teacher, school and parent
- following the procedur and rules
- good relationship between counselor and client
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- without coercion
- run in special room
- follow the ethics and maintain the student right
- the counselling relationship is confidential
- handle by educated counselor and teacher
philosophy
- all student have potential that can be develop theirs to optimum level
through the implentation the session of G&C
- to develop student who good in 5 aspect which are JERIS
Approach
- pendekatan krisis
- pendekatan pemulihan
- pendekatan pencegahan
- pendekatan perkembangan
the important of G&C
- help to reduce the dicipline problem
- help teacher to guide to the student
- giving motivation to the student
- help student to make a good choice
- help student to solve their personal problem
- good in JERIS

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

CHAPTER 2
G & C services
Type of guidance
- inventory, assessment, record
- guidance
- counseling
- placement and followup
- consultancy and referral
- appraisal
Inventory
- collecting data about student in general and client in particular ( Test and
Non-test )
Assessment
- analysis data about students in general and clients in particular
( subjective and objective )
Record
- refer to three types of records created by G&C teachers
Guidance
- refer to personal and invidual development
counseling
- services that can be done by individual or grouping. The client can come
from volunteer person, invited, refered
placement
- involve the assessment of the child, information service and counseling
service which are suitable for them
follow-up
- is about the systematic plan to make sure the relationship with the ex
student
consultancy and referral
- the giving info, gving suggestion, facilitating planning processes are major
component of school counselor function
- colaboration with parents and teachers
appraisal
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- as a prove to assess the counselor and also all the program that have been
set by the government.
- Assessment of the climate, school
Data Collection Sharing
- test administration
- test interpretation
- coordinating and managing student record

Counselling
- crisis approach
- remedial approach
- preventive approach
- development approach
crisis approach
- to handle critical case like histeria, or trying to suicide
- case that able to harm other students
- teacher need to involve as a middle man to solve the miscommunication
and trying to solve the problem
remedial approach
- focus to the problem that have been identify from time to time
- problem that can cause crisis
- ponteng, fighting
- use individual counseling or group counseling
preventive approach
- anticipate and accomadate
- guidance or effeort to stop unhealthy activity ike drug abbuse
- teacher roles to spread the information about the danger of drug and how
to prevent
- create program and campaign
development approach
- effort to enhance their potential to optimum potential
- effort to discover the needs of the students in order to make sure they got
the knowledge, skills, experiences
- give them chance for them to solve their own problems
ETHICS
- establish principle guiding behavior
- are intentionally not specific
- are not law they are created and followed voluntarily
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

Code of ethics
- benefit others > do what enhances client well being
- do not harm > avoid high rish activities
- respect other autonomy clients have freedom of thought and freedom
to chose their direction. Help clients think clearly and weigh the
consequences
- be just or fair provide equal or fair treatment
- be faithful make honest promises and honor these promises
Code of conduct
Responsibility to
- organization and employer
- client
- society
- professional leagua
ASCA ethical standards
responsibilities
- to student
- to parents
- colleagues
- the school
- to self
- to the profession

ETHICAL REASONING
5 moral principles
- autonomy
respects client right to independce
- nonmaleficence
to cause no harm
- Beneficence
to do good
- Justice
fair and nondiscrimination
- Fidelity
loyalty & honor to commitments made

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

CHAPTER 3
Teacher as a guidance teacher
Quantitative Data collection methods
- perfomance test > motor ability
- aptitude test > how students perform on tasks or react to situations
- career interest inventory
- attitude test evaluation of person, objext ranging from +ve to ve
- personality test inventories

Qualitative data collection methods
- observation
- interview
- document analysisreport card
clas registers
identifying children problems
- anectdotal records
- running records
- time sampling
- event sampling
- diary/journal
- chechlist
- sociogram
- childrens work
- photos
- audio video recording

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

CHAPTER 4
THEORY
Behaviorist theory
The role of the environment can stimulate the change of behavior
- stimulation
- respond
- repetitive reinforcement
- positive reinforcement
role of couseling
- monitor the behavior of the less desirable
- practice skills to manage behavior
- complete the assignment
- to give advice for the client
- to share the experience
techniques and strategies to help cilent
- relaxation training
used to smoothe the muscle and mental, take time from 4-8 will be provided
with instruction to calm themselves, manage inhalationa can help relation,
use this tech to manage stress
- systematic desensitization ( buang perasaa negatif )
to underminde the relationship n the stimulus like worry and fear
this technique to separate or reduce the cleint anxiety through relaxation
- training assestif ( confident )
to develop self assetiv responde
appropriate t0 train
- difficult to vent anger
- it hard to say no
- humble
- social bias
- exercise to improve self to make assestif
- teaches to express their own feeling and right
contingency contract (pelan kecemanasn)
- suitable for children as adult will be more careful
implosion and flooding
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- making client aware of the circumstance giving rise to reflect the concern
and have the devastating effect
- the client is thought to relax earlier
- not sutable for new client
token economy
- as gift given as reinforcement for appropriate behavior

Client centred theory ( humanistic)
- increase a person feeling of self worth
- reduce the level of incongruence between the ideal and actual self
- help a person become more of fully functioning person
tech
- genuiness congruence
- the therapist need to share feeling honestly. By modelling this behavior the
therapist can help the client to develop this important skill
- it allow the client to experience them as they really are
- it is authentic
uncondtional positive regard
- accept the client
- this climate can make client feels able to express his or her emotions
without fear
- need to be careful to maintain the positive attitude toward client
emphaty understanding
- understand what the client is feeling

REBT
Using concept of hedonism which seeking pleasure and avoiding pain
USA uncontional acceptance
To change to irrational thought to rational thought so can accept each thing that
happen very well
Concept ABCDE
A activating event
Event that happen
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

Attitude or behavior of someone experienced
B beliefs
Irrational belief
C consequences
Create an emotion result
D the method that use to correct the irrational belief
E Effect of the action
Normal emotion produced

Tech
- counselling procedure
establish a comfortable atmoshere for client (therapeutic)
- technical rebt
cognitive method > argument of irrational belief
emotive method > include element of humor
behavioral method > operant technique .. reinforcemtn, homework
Tech in counseling
- coping selft statement
- cost benefit anaylsis
- psychoeducational methods
- imagery
- role playing
- shame attacking exercie
- homework
- penalties and rewards
- skill training
- training in group
- humor
-

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

CHAPTER 5
Stages in counseling
- pre-session
- explanation
- structure
- communication / relationship
- exploratio
- reinforcement
- planning
- ending
pre-session
- stage where the counselor must be readi with mental and physical
including the information about the client, belief and also the
environment
explanation
- the couselor tries to get a clear picture about the problem of the student
- the couselor should get the explanantion from the student
structure
- the couselor should determine whereas he has skill to help the client
- they will determine to make a contract
- the client will be ask whether the he can trust the
- the client will be explained the step, characterisitc, limitation and the goal
in the relationship
- benefit of contract client will be more committed
communication & relationshop
- the stage is to focus to strengthen the relationship between couselor and
client
- counselor should slowly trying to build the relationship with the client to
make sure them become more comfortable with him/her
exploration
- the focus here to sustain the exisiting relationship
- to eliminate the unconditional feeling between them
- support client to explore their problem
- collect fact that can help to solve prob
- decide whether the relationshp can be go or not
- teach client skills to attain goal
- do chores to help client achieve their goals
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- if the proble still cant be solve
- client chooese to go on the exploration, do not go on, find another
counselor and end the session
reinforcement
- client tell his feeling in details and state other alternative
- new skill being implemented
planning
- the counselor will trying to focus on the specific planning
- planning for end the session and continue the session will be carried on
ending
- conclusion about client achievement will be held
- identify why the goals is not achieve by stating the reason
- client can be asked to wrap up all the that he go through
- counselor can add on
- after that, conselor can end the session when he feels the client can solve
his own problems
- the session noew can be ended
important skills for counselor
- empathy
- leading
- responding
- self discloure
- immediacy
- humor
- confrontation
empathy
- putting yourself in the client shoes
- trying to understand the client intended emotional message
- it absolutely essestial for the client that your understndng is perceive
leading
- lead the client forward the session using silence
- restatement the content (paraphrasing)
- reflection of content
- reflection of feeling
- minimal encourages like I see, uh,
- general encouragers to show we are interestedplease say more about..
- encouragement support
- therapeutic silence
responding styles
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- the act of responding will affect the client
- affective responding
focusing onfeeling
- behavioral response
focusing on actions and behavior
- cognitibe response
focusing on thought and cognitions
self discloure
- is about revealing personal information
- counselor self disclosure is only necessary when it relate to therapeutic
process
- too much will hinder the process
immediacy
- involve the understanding and communication of wat is going on between
him and client within the help of relationsjip
humor
- can gve positive effect when used properly
- is should be a correct timing too make sure in does not become bad joke
confrontation
- to bring the client to see his problems itself
- the couselor need to make sure their relationshi is good before start the
session

basic skills
- attending and listening
- intepretating non behavioral behavior
- responding
- identyfing the prob
- implementing intervention

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

CHAPTER 6
THERAPY
Play therapy
- form of counselling uses play to communicate and help children to
prevent and solve psychological challenges
- better social integration, growth and development
concept
- children can know more about the world through playing
- physical space is provided for the kids
- kids able to explore their identity
- the toys which relate to the real life, share feeling
objectives
- reduce attitude and emotional prob
- better communication between parents and children
- to solve problem that interupt normal development
- comminicate naturally through playing activitiy
eg problems
- family problem ( divorce )
- bite nails
- toilets problem
- abuse victim
therapist use
- children fantasy
- signs in playing as medium to communcate with children
methods : non directive version
- identify children
- decide either be with children or let them alone
- get material for the session
manipulate material ( clay, crayon, colouring material
container for water and sand actvy
cooking tool toys
baby tools
dolls
knife toys
car toys
animals
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

lego
- put at the accessible place easy for children
- introduce the toys
- tell them time about to play
- let them choose
- use reflection methods to respond
- tell them time left
- tell them time is end for today
- tell about the next session
proses
1
st
phase the feeling of being acceptance into group
2
nd
phase able to share feeling to others
3
rd
phase explore the event
4
th
phase respond to the solution
the implentation of play theraphy
- the room
suitable for children and complete with suitable material
- toys medium
encourage the kids the think and feel
can test the reality of the kids
give them chance to share unwanted feeling
easily can be manipulate by the kids

the important
- give the kids chance to make their own choice
- a good chance to see the kids problems
- a good and safe place to express feeling
- build confident
- develop the good characteristic
- increase manipulate skills
- express emotion
probem in implementation
- cost
- material
- material cost
- place
- service
- not enough expert
- time table and routine
- cooperation
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- followup
- cant be applied at home

Art therapy
Concept
- focus on the art making process as therapeutic
- can interpret the client expression through drawing
- gve different impact to different people
- no words/ communication languages needed
- some people can not express verbally
- eg
colouring
drawing
photography
other visual
- no talent needed
- improve emotion
- reduce stress
- explore ourselves
- suitable for disable kids
the importances
- solve emotional conflict
- increase the awareness
- build the social awareness
- change the behavior
- build the problem solving strategy
kepentingan seni
- experience through the imagination
- everyday experience
- universal experiece
function in the education
- encourage the development of physical, mental and estatic
- contribute to selft satisfaction
- contribute to the problem solving
- contribute to personality development
- as a tool to help kids development
art activity
- catan
- colaj
- reka bentuk
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- anyaman
- hand craft
Bibliotherapy
- a process of therapy which use book as medium to solve problem
function
- reduce the stress
- reduce the boredom
- reduce the tension
- help in children development
- help children to solve problem
- increase student knowledge
- can act as a hobby to fulfill the leisure time
advantages
- enhance empathy
- increase integration and understanding
- gives information and alternatives
- encourages discussion and ideas
- ability to enjoy literature
- help to solve daily prob
- teach about world, culture
- as leisure activity
disadvantages
- only suitable for client who like to read
- take a long time
- not practical in individual caunseling
- require high understanding
- different problem different book
- cost
method/tool
- short stories
- biography
- fantasy stories
- picture book
- video
process
- identify client needs
- choosing
suitable books
realistics picture to the life
not imigination
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- presentation
illustration, cover, big page
strategic techniques client can see same behavior /character in the
story
- follow up
actions
sharing the opion
show it
stages
- 1
st
phase ( orientasi )
- 2
nd
phase ( share conflict and confrontion )
- 3
rd
phase ( development and integrated )
- 4
th
phase ( production )
- 5
th
phase
story telling therapy
a process of therapy which using stories metaphor and imagery to change the wy
we see our lives and the world, offering healing and growth to everyone
it can influence other
- verbal + nonverbal info in telling the story
- not much different from daily conversation
- active inner feeling
advantages
- children learn moral values and lesson
- traumatic experiences
learnt to belief and have safe feeling
positive output
go through as character and overcome the challenges
increase confident
guidelines
- subtle
changes animals as character
use different gender
- creative
use props
renovate story
- positive ending
- ask children to retell story
explore emotion/feeling
achieve problem solving

HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

CHAPTER 7
Group counselling
- a collection of two ore more individual who meet in the face interaction,
interdependently, with the awareness that each belong to the group and
for the purpose of achieving mutually agreed on goals
basic of group counseling
- hansen, warner and smith
a relationship between counselor and group members which focus
prevention and cure. Help solving the problem before it becomes
more complicated
principle
- democracy environment
- each members need to know the objectives
- group members willing to share
- group members should be responsible for their behavior
- group members must keep the information and secret
- short term goal
- long term goal
member selection
- every members need to be interviews first
- make certain criteria for group members
- members cant leave the group anytime
- consider every group members opinion
- distribute the appointment form
- members number/size group
- members age
- members gender
- set the group type
- set the aim
- time
- venue/location
- choose leader
group leadership skill
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- encourage the participatn of group members
- observe and identify group process and event
- pay attention to and acknowledge the behavior of group members
- clarify and summarize statement
- begin and end session
- give info when needed
leader
- encourage member to be brave to express feeling, attitude
- responsible to what happen to their group
- set the rules
- expert of interaction
- develop the interaction between member
- solve the miscommunication
- pemudah cara
type of leader
- facilitate
- friendly
- respect other
- emphaty
- sincere
- open minded
- kecindaan
type of group counselling
- guidance group
- psychotherapy group
- counseling group
- task group
- development group
- theraputic group
the process of group counseling
- beginning stage
- transaction stage
- implementation stage
- last stage
counselor as pemudah cara
- characteristic of secret saver
- friendly
- charismatic
- confident
- have humor
- flexible
- know the members very well
HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

- discipline
- positive thinker
- creative
dynamic ( interaction )in group counseling
- have element of universal value
- spiritual
- full with information
- ready to help
- development of social skill
- focus on interpersonal in the group
- cohesion of the member

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HANIF KHAIR ( HBK )

IPG KAMPUS KOTA BHARU lagendaputih29@yahoo.com

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