Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications

Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network
theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits
and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits.Two port networks, driving point and
transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions.

Signals & Systems

Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & system's ; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response;
time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace
transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals.

Control Systems

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications
of feed-back. LTI systems : time domain and transform domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci,
Nyquist's criterion. Bode-plots, Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PID controllers.

E.M. Theory

Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwell's equations; e.m. waves and wave equations; wave propagation and
antennas; transmission lines; micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.

Electrical Engineering Materials

Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-
conductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena; piezo-
electric phenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.

Analog Electronics

Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and voltage regulation. Bipolar and field effect
transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits. Basic amplifier circuits;
differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency response. Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters;
oscillators.

Digital Electronics

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS).
Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoder's. Sequential circuits : latches and
flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs.
Semiconductor memories.

Communication Systems

Fourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and their Fourier
transforms. Analog modulation systems : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis;
superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes :
amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing : time-division, frequency-division.
Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal-to-
noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems : source coding, channel coding; digital
modulation & demodulation. Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite and mobile
communication; principles of television engineering; radar engineering and radio aids to navigation.

Computers and Microprocessors

Computer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions, addressing
modes, ALU, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : 8-bit
microprocessors -architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and
applications.
Measurement and Instrumentation

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and
frequency; bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency
counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages,
piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.

Energy Conversion

Single-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer;
auto transformer. Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers characteristics, starting and
speed control armature reaction and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and
speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronous generators: performance characteristics, regulation, parallel
operation. Synchronous motors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors, permanent
magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors, single-phase motors.

Power Systems

Electric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line parameters: steady-state performance of overhead
transmission lines and cables. Distribution systems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona and radio interference effects;
per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction.
Economic operation. Principles of over current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers,
concept of system stability. HVDC transmission.

Power Electronics and Electric Drives

Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET, static characteristics, principles of
operation; triggering circuits; phase controlled rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of
thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic concept of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.

Elements of IC Fabrication Technology

Overview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching,
oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-pnitride and
silicon dioxide; metallisation and passivation.
Electrical Circuits–Theory and Applications

Circuit componets; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network
theorems and applications; transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits
and applications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits.

Two-port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions. Elements of
networks synthesis. Filter-theory : design and applications. Active filters. Circuit simulation : Input formats;
methods of education formulation; solution of equations; output formats; SPICE.

Signals & Systems

Representation of continuous–time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response;
time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace
transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through
discrete-time systems.

E.M. Theory

Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflaction and refraction of plane waves.
Transmission line : Distributed parameter circuits, travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.
Waveguides : parallel plane guide, TE, TM and TEM waves, rectangular and cylindrical wave guides, resonators. Planar
transmission lines; stripline, microstripline.

Analog Electronics

Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits : clipping,
clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers : single and multi-stage,
differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits.
Filters; sinusoidal oscillators : criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP configurations. Function generators and
wave-shaping circuits. Power supplies.

Digital Electronics

Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS).
Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits : latches and
flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs.
Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

Energy Conversion

Principles of electromechanical energy conversion : Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines : charateristics and
performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors.

Transformers : principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction
machines and synchronous machines : characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control. Special machines :
Stepper motors, brushless dc motors, permanent magnet motors single-phase motors; FHP.

Power Electronics and Electric Drives :

Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static characteristics and principles of
operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters : fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of
thyristor choppers and inverters; basic concepts of speed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed
drives.

Analog Communication

Random variables : continuous, discrete; probability, probability functions. Statististical averages; probability models;
Random signals and noise : white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio.
Linear CW modulation : Amplitude modulation : DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and
Frequency modulation : PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis,
Preemphasis. CW modulation system : Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers,
phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

Microwaves and Antenna

Electromagnetic radiation, Propagation of waves : ground waves, sky wave, space wave, tropospheric scatter propagation.
Extraterrestrial communications. Antenna : Various types, gain, resistance, band-width, beamwidth and polarization, effect
of ground. Antenna coupling; high frequency antennas; microwave antennas; special purpose antennas. Microwave
Services : Klystron, magnetron, TWT, gun diodes, Impatt, Bipolar and FETs, Microwave integrated circuits. Microwave
measurements.

Paper-II
Control Systems

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications
of feed-back. LTI systems : time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci,
Nyquist’s criterion, Bode-plots, Design of lead-lad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable
representation and analysis of control systems. Principles of discrete-control systems.

Electrical Engineering Materials

Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic
semiconductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials; polarization phenomena;
piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials : behaviour and application. Photonic materials : refractive index, absorption
and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and opto-electronic materials.

Microprocessors and microcomputers

8-bit microprocessor : architecture, CPU, module design, memory interfacing, I/O, Peripheral controllers, Multiprocessing.
IBM PC architecture : overview, introduction to DOS, Advanced microprocessors.

Measurement and Instrumentation

Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and
frequency; bridge measurement. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency
counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers : thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guage,
piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurements of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition systems.

IC Technology

Overview of IC Technology. Unit-steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching,
oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-nitride and
silicon di-oxide; metallisation and passivation.

Power Systems : Analysis and Control

Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and
distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance materices; load flow; voltage control and power factor
correction; economic operation; symmeterical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults. Concept of
system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission; FACTS.
Computer control and Automation : Introduction to energy control centres; various states of a power system; SCADA
systems and RTUs. Active power control : Speed control of generators, tie-line control, frequency control. Economic
dispatch.

Power system protection

Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit brakers. Computer aided
protection : Introduction; line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP to protection.
Non-conventional Energy Sources and Energy Management

Introduction to the energy problem; difficulties with conventional energy sources. Wind-Energy : Basics of Wind turbine
aerodynamics; wind-energy conversion systems and their integration into electrical grid. Solar-Energy : Thermal
conversion : photo-voltaic conversion. Wave-energy. Importance of Energy Management : Energy audit; energy economics
: discount rate, payback period, internal rate of return, life cycle costing.

Digital Communiation

Pulse code modulation (PCM), diferential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and
demodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Error control coding : error
detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-
layer architecture.

Satellite Communication, Radar and TV

Satellite Communincation : General overview and technical characteristics, earth station equipment, satellite link design,
CNR of Satellite system. Radar : Basic principles, Pulsed systems : CW Doppler radar, FMCW radar, Phase array radars.
Television Systems : Television systems and standards, Black-and White-and Colour-TV transmission and receiver
systems.

Fibre Optic System

Multiplexing : Time division multiplexing, Frequency Division multiplexing. Optical properties of materials : Refractive index
absorption and emission of light, optical fibres, lasers and optoelectronic materials Fibre optic links.
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER – I

(For both objective and conventional types papers)

1. EM Theory

Electric and magnetic fields. Gauss’s Law and Amperes Law. Fields in dielectrics, conductors and magnetic
materials. Maxwell’s equations. Time varying fields. Plane-Wave propagating in dielectric and conducting
media. Transmission lines.

2. Electrical Materials

Band Theory, Conductors, Semi-conductors and Insulators. Super-conductivity. Insulators for electrical and
electronic applications. Magnetic materials. Ferro and ferri magnetism. Ceramics, Properties and
applications. Hall effect and its applications. Special semi conductors.

3. Electrical Circuits

Circuits elements. Kirchoff’s Laws. Mesh and nodal analysis. Network Theorems and applications. Natural
response and forced response. Transient response and steady state response for arbitrary inputs. Properties
of networks in terms of poles and zeros. Transfer function. Resonant circuits. Threephase circuits. Two-port
networks. Elements of two-element network synthesis.

4. Measurements and Instrumentation

Units and Standards. Error analysis, measurement of current, Voltage, power, Power-factor and energy.
Indicating instruments. Measurement of resistance, inductance, Capacitance and frequency. Bridge
measurements. Electronic measuring instruments. Digital Voltmeter and frequency counter. Transducers and
their applications to the measurement of non-electrical quantities like temperature, pressure, flow-rate
displacement, acceleration, noise level etc. Data acquisition systems. A/D and D/A converters.

5. CONTROL SYSTEMS.

Mathematical modelling of physical systems. Block diagrams and signal flow graphs and their reduction.
Time domain and frequency domain analysis of linear dynamical system. Errors for different type of inputs
and stability criteria for feedback systems. Stability analysis using Routh-Hurwitz array, Nyquist plot and
Bode plot. Root locus and Nicols chart and the estimation of gain and phase margin. Basic concepts of
compensator design. State variable matrix and its use in system modelling and design. Sampled data
system and performance of such a system with the samples in the error channel. Stability of sampled data
system. Elements of non-linear control analysis. Control system components, electromechanical, hydraulic,
pneumatic components.
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PAPER – II
>

(For both objective and conventional types papers)

1. Electrical Machines and Power Transformers

Magnetic Circuits - Analysis and Design of Power transformers. Construction and testing. Equivalent circuits.

Losses and efficiency. Regulation. Auto-transformer, 3-phase transformer. Parallel operation.

Basic concepts in rotating machines. EMF, torque, basic machine types. Construction and operation, leakage
losses and efficiency.
B.C. Machines. Construction, Excitation methods. Circuit models. Armature reaction and commutation.
Characteristics and performance analysis. Generators and motors. Starting and speed control. Testing,
Losses and efficiency.
Synchronous Machines. Construction. Circuit model. Operating characteristics and performance analysis.
Synchronous reactance. Efficiency. Voltage regulation. Salient-pole machine, Parallel operation. Hunting.
Short circuit transients.
Induction Machines. Construction. Principle of operation. Rotating fields. Characteristics and performance
analysis. Determination of circuit model. Circle diagram. Starting and speed control.
Fractional KW motors. Single-phase synchronous and induction motors.

2. Power systems
Types of Power Stations, Hydro, Thermal and Nuclear Stations. Pumped storage plants. Economics and
operating factors.

Power transmission lines. Modeling and performance characteristics. Voltage control. Load flow studies.
Optimal power system operation. Load frequency control. Symmetrical short circuit analysis. ZBus
formulation. Symmetrical Components. Per Unit representation. Fault analysis. Transient and steady-state
stability of power systems. Equal area criterion.
Power system Transients. Power system Protection Circuit breakers. Relays. HVDC transmission.

3. ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND CIRCUITS

Semiconductor device physics, PN junctions and transistors, circuit models and parameters, FET, Zener,
tunnel, Schottky, photo diodes and their applications, rectifier circuits, voltage regulators and multipliers,
switching behavior of diodes and transistors.
Small signal amplifiers, biasing circuits, frequency response and improvement, multistage amplifiers and
feed-back amplifiers, D.C. amplifiers, Oscillators. Large signal amplifiers, coupling methods, push pull
amplifiers, operational amplifiers, wave shaping circuits. Multivibrators and flip-flops and their applications.
Digital logic gate families, universal gates-combination circuits for arithmetic and logic operational,
sequential logic circuits. Counters, registers, RAM and ROMs.

4. MICROPROCESSORS
Microprocessor architecture-Instruction set and simple assembly language programming. Interfacing for
memory and I/O. Applications of Micro-processors in power system.

5. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Types of modulation; AM, FM and PM. Demodulators. Noise and bandwidth considerations. Digital
communication systems. Pulse code modulation and demodulation. Elements of sound and vision
broadcasting. Carrier communication. Frequency division and time division multiplexing, Telemetry system
in power engineering.

6. POWER ELECTRONICS
Power Semiconductor devices. Thyristor. Power transistor, GTOs and MOSFETS. Characteristics and
operation. AC to DC Converters; 1-phase and 3-phase DC to DC Converters; AC regulators. Thyristor
controlled reactors; switched capacitor networks.
Inverters; single-phase and 3-phase. Pulse width modulation. Sinusoidal modulation with uniform sampling.
Switched mode power supplies.