1

DESAIN LAS
(WeldingDesign)
Departemen Metalurgi & Material
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia
Konsep Desain &Fabrikasi Las
2
Sambungan Las (Weld J oint)
Sambungan las merupakan
penerima logam pengisi yang
didepositkan.
Sambungan las dipilih
berdasarkan
lokasi,
persiapan yang diperlukan,
peralatan pengelasan yang
digunakan, dan
aplikasi sambungan las.
Sambungan las dasar terdiri dari
butt (tumpul),
lap (tumpang),
T,
edge (sisi) dan
corner (sudut)
Sambungan Tumpul ( butt joint )
dibentuk bila dua anggota sambungan
yang berada kurang lebih dalam bidang
yang sama didekatkan antara ujung satu
sama lainnya.
dapat digunakan dengan atau tanpa
persiapan terhadap anggota sambungan
yang memiliki ketebalan yang sama
ataupun berbeda.
umumnya digunakan pada subassemblies,
selama fabrikasi dan proses perbaikan.
3
Butt Joint
Butt joint- a joint
between two
members aligned
approximately in
the same plane
Different Edge Shapes and
Symbols for some Butt-Joints
4
Application for some Butt-Joints
Sambungan Sudut (corner joint)
Merupakan sambungan las yang dibentuk
bila dua anggota sambungan diposisikan
membentuk sudut kurang lebih 90
dengan sambungan las pada bagian luar
anggota sambungan.
Umumnya digunakan pada konstruksi
bejana tekan dan tangki. Logam pengisi
dapat dibutuhkan dan dapat pula tidak
tergantung pada desain dan fungsi
sambungan.
5
Corner Joint
Corner joint - a joint
between two members
located at right angles
to each other
Some Different Edge Shapes
and Symbols for Corner Joints
6
Sambungan T ( T-joint )
Merupakan sambungan las yang dibentuk
bila dua anggota sambungan diposisikan
kurang lebih 90 satu sama lain dalam
bentuk T.
Jika dimungkinkan, dilas pada kedua
sisinya untuk mendapatkan kekuatan
maksimum.
umumnya digunakan dalam fabrikasi
struktur penopang dimana beban
ditransfer ke bidang yang berbeda pada
kurang lebih 90.
T-Joint
T- joint - a joint between
two members located
approximately at right
angles to each other in
the form of a T
7
Some Different Edge Shapes
and Symbols for T-Joint
Application for T-Joint
8
Sambungan Tumpang (lap joint)
Merupakan sambungan las yang dibentuk
bila dua anggota sambungan diposisikan
saling menumpuk satu sama lain.
Lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan
sambungan tumpul, tetapi
mengakibatkan terjadinya penambahan
berat.
umumnya dilas pada kedua sisinya
umumnya digunakan selama proses
perbaikan dan untuk menambah panjang
material standar ke panjang yang
diperlukan
Lap Joint
Lap Joint- a joint
between two
overlapping
members
9
Some Different Edge Shapes
and Symbols for Lap Joints
Sambungan Sisi (edge joint)
merupakan sambungan las yang
dibentuk bila sisi dua anggota
sambungan akan disambung.
sisi yang dilas sejajar satu sama
lain.
sering dipakai dalam menyambung
struktur penopang dan struktur baja
yang pendek.
10
Edge Joint
Edge joint- a joint
between the edges of
two or more parallel
or nearly parallel
members
Some Different Edge Shapes
and Symbols for Edge Joints
11
Proper terminology is needed in
everyday job communication
Joint design identifies, the shape ,
dimensions, and configuration of
the joint
The individual workpieces of a joint
are called members .
Three types members : nonbutting
member, butting member , and
splice member
A non-buttingmember is a joint member that is free to move
in any direction perpendicular to its thickness dimension
A buttingmember is a joint member that is prevented, by
the other member from movement in one direction
perpendicular to its thickness dimension
12
A splice member is the work piece that
spans the joint in a spliced joint
Single-spliced
butt joint
Double-spliced
butt joint with
joint filler
Types of Welds
Numerous welds can be applied to the various
types of joints
Considerations when choosing joint geometry
and weld types:
accessibility to the joint for welding
type of welding process being used
suitability to the structural design
cost of welding
13
Jenis Lasan
(Types of Weld)
groove,
fillet,
plug,
slot,
stud,
spot,
projection,
seam,
back atau backing weld,
surfacing dan
flange.
Types of Welds
Groove Welds
A groove weld is a weld made in a groove
between the work pieces
There are eight types of groove welds
Square-groove
Scarf
V-groove
Bevel-groove
U-groove
J-groove
Flare-v-groove
Flare-bevel-groove
14
Groove Welds
Square and double square-groove welds
Square-groove welds are the most economical
to use, but are limited by thickness of the
members
Welds for one side are normally limited to a
1/4 inch or less
Groove Welds
V-and double V-groove welds
With thicker materials joint accessibility must be
provided for welding to ensure weld soundness
and strength
15
Groove Welds
Bevel- and double-bevel-groove welds
Bevel- and J- groove welds are more difficult to weld
than V- or U-groove welds
Bevel welds are easier in horizontal
Types of Welds
U-groove and Double U-groove
Welds in using J- and U-grooves can be
used to minimize weld metal
These welds are very useful in thicker
sections
16
Groove Welds
J-and double-J-groove welds
J-groove are more
difficult to weld
because of the one
vertical side (except
in horizontal)
J-and U- are used
when economic
factors outweigh the
cost of edge
preparation
Groove Welds
flare-bevel and flare-v-groove welds
Flare -bevel and
flare-v-groove welds
are used in
connection with
flanged or rounded
member
17
Groove Welds
Scarf
Scarf is used for
brazing
Groove Welds
Their names imply what the actual
configurations look like when viewed in a
cross section
Single groove welds are welded from
only one side
Double groove welds are welded on both
sides
Groove welds in many combinations are
used selection is influenced by
accessibility, economy, adaptation to
structural design
18
Groove Welds
Fillet Welds
19
Ir. Winarto, M.Sc. PhD
Welding Symbols
Understanding Welding Symbols
Terms and Definitions
20
21
Reference Line (Required element)
Arrow
Tail
Reference Line must always be horizontal,
Arrow points to the line or lines on drawing which clearly identify the proposed joint or
weld area.
The tail of the welding symbol is used to indicate the welding or cutting processes,
as well as the welding specification, procedures, or the supplementary information
to be used in making the weld.
22
Reference Line (Required element)
Arrow
Tail
Reference Line must always be horizontal,
Arrow points to the line or lines on drawing which clearly identify the proposed joint or
weld area.
The tail of the welding symbol is used to indicate the welding or cutting processes,
as well as the welding specification, procedures, or the supplementary information
to be used in making the weld.
Basiccomponents of aWELDI NGSYMBOL
Tail omitted when reference not used
Arrowconnects reference line to arrowside
member of joint or arrowside of joint
A circle at the tangent of the arrow and the reference line
means welding to be all around.
All the way Around
23
A flag at the tangent of the reference line and
arrow means FieldWeld.
Field Weld Symbol
ARROW SIDE
OTHER SIDE
Weld Symbol Terminology
24
Break in arrow means arrow side must be side
that beveling or other preparation required.
Fillet Weld (Arrow Side Only)
25
Fillet Weld (Other Side)
1/4
1/4
Size of Fillet Weld Noted
26
1/4
1/4
(5/16)
(5/16)
Depth of preparation or
groove
Depth of penetration
Example of Double Bevel Groove weld
Ir. Winarto, M.Sc. PhD
Plug or Slot Weld Symbol
Arrow Side
27
5/16
5/16
What does this symbol Represent?
Single-Bevel-Groove and Double
Fillet weld Symbols
28
Ir. Winarto, M.Sc. PhD
Chain Intermittent Fillet Weld
Weld both sides each end and 10
inches center to center in between
1/4
1/4
2-10
2-10
10 in
Ir. Winarto, M.Sc. PhD
Staggered Intermittent Fillet Weld
Weld ends than 10 inch centers
staggered each side
10 in
10 in
2-10
2-10 1/4
1/4
29
30
Tabel 1.1 Daftar metode pengujian tak
merusak berikut singkatannya
Tabel 1.1 Daftar metode pengujian tak
merusak berikut singkatannya
31
KEKUATAN SAMBUNGAN LASAN
Dalam mendesain suatu struktur yang difabrikasi dengan pengelasan,
berbagai jenis kukuatan sambungan las harus menjadi pertimbangan,
seperti kuat tarik, energi terserap (impact), kuat fatik dan lain-lain
tergantung pada spesifikasi yang diberikan atau dipersyaratkan.
Formula yang dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kekuatan sambungan
untuk lasan dengan alur dan las sudut adalah:
dimana:
P = beban yang diberikan
Ss/c = tegangan tarik atau tekan pada penampang leher (throat)
Ss = tegangan geser pada penampang leher
a = tebal leher
l = panjang logam las efektif
a l = luas penampang leher.


l a
P
S
l a
P
S
s
c
s
32
KEKUATAN
SAMBUNGAN LASAN
Tebal leher diten-ukan
dengan formula:
S
S
a 707 , 0
2

33
T Fillet Welds
Weld subject to longitudinal shear only
34
Latihan Soal Kekeuatan Las
Hitunglah ukuran minimum fillet
(fillet weld size) suatu konstruksi
las seperti gambar di sebelah, jika
diketahui kekuatan geser ( ) yang
sejajar pembebanan besarnya 20
MPa atau N/mm
2
, sedangkan beban
(P) yang ditanggung oleh konstruksi
tsb adalah 20000 N (2 Ton) dengan
panjang las setiap sisi (W) sebesar
100 mm.