INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS

Fall 2012


Teacher Name: Dr. Akhter Raza dr.raza.akhter@gmail.com
Web: https://sites.google.com/site/drakhter67/

Marking scheme: 20% First term
20% Second term
40% Final Exam
20% Quizes and Assignments

Text book BUSINESS STATISTICS
G. C. BERI
McGraw-Hill Company

Software to be used SPSS

Introduction/Teaching Methodology

Topics included are: Definition of statistics, Types of statistics (descriptive and
inferential statistics), data, types of data, frequency distribution, measure of central
tendency, measure of dispersion, introduction to set and probability theory, events and
laws of probability, independence, conditional probability, Bayes theorem, index
numbers, time series analysis and linear regression and correlation.


(1) Nature of Statistics ch. 1 pg. 1
What is statistics? difference between descriptive and inferential statistics,
significance and applications of statistics, introduction to key terms,
population, sample, sampling, census, sampling methods, parameter and
statistic.

(2) Data and its classification ch. 2, ch. 3, and ch. 4
Data and its types, qualitative and quantitative data, discrete and
continuous data, organization of data, frequency distribution, class
boundaries, cumulative, relative and percentage relative frequency
distributions, histogram, frequency curve, frequency polygon, ogives, stem
and leaf graph, box graph. Two way and three way classification.
Diagrammatic presentation.

(3) Measure of central tendency ch. 5 pg. 72
Arithmetic mean and its properties, properties of ideal average, combined
and weighted arithmetic mean, geometric, harmonic mean. median and
mode. Relationship between AM, GM and HM. Emperical relation
between mean, median, and mode. Quartiles, deciles, and percentiles.

(4) Measure of dispersion ch. 6 pg. 116
Concept of dispersion, range, mean absolute deviation, variance &
standard deviation, and quartile deviation. Relative measure of dispersion,
coefficient of variation. Skewness and kurtosis.

(5) Skewness, Moments, and Kurtosis ch. 7 pg. 140
Moments about origin and about mean, skewness, Karl pearsons
measures, kurtosis


(6) Descriptive methods in correlation and regression ch. 16 and ch. 17
Simple correlation, scatter plot, properties of correlation, coefficient of
determination, probable error. Concept of regression, slope and intercept,
simple linear regression of Y on X and X on Y. Multiple correlation and
regression.

(7) Probability theory ch. 8 pg. 161
Set theory, combinatorial analysis, fundamental law of product,
permutation, distinguishable permutation, circular permutation,
combination, sample space, events and its types, simple events, composite
events, sure events, mutually and non mutually exclusive events,
independent and dependent events, collective exhaustive events, definition
of probability, additive law of probability, conditional probability, bayes
theorem.

(8) Random variables and probability distribution ch. 9 pg. 192
Random variable, probability distribution, mean and variance of
probability distribution, concept of mathematical expectation. Discrete and
continuous probability distribution.
Bernaulli trials, binomial experiment, binomial probability distribution,
poisson distribution its mean and variance, normal probability distribution,
standard normal distribution, properties of normal probability distribution,
computation of area using normal probability table.

(9) Index number ch 20. Pg. 558
Definition, weighted and unweighted index number, computation of index
using aggregated method and average of price relative methods,
Laspeyres, Paasches, and Fisher index numbers, cost of living index
numbers. Tests of index numbers

(10) Time series ch. 18 pg. 483
Introduction to time series, graph of time series, various components of
time series, Trend, Seasonal, cyclical, and random variation, different
methods of finding trend and seasonal variations. De-seasonalization of
data. Concepts of time series modeling, introduction of ARIMA models.