Physics Ch.

2: Motion Along a Straight Line

2.1) IMPORTANT NOTE: Properties discussed are of motion that is restricted by
1. All straight line motion
2. Forces behind the actual motion aren't discussed
3. Moving obect is either
a. Particle
i. Point!li"e obect
ii. #g. #lectron
b. $omething that moves li"e a particle
i. #very portion of it moves in same direction and at same rate
2.2) Position and Displacement
%ocating an &bect: 'istance from reference point
o Origin ()ero point*
Displacement: +hange from one position ,1 to another ,2
o ,- ,2 ! ,1
o $ign of result indicates direction of displacement. result /ithout a sign is a magnitude
o Vector Quantity: 0uantity that has both direction and magnitude
2.3) Average elocit! " Average #peed
Average Velocity vavg!: 1atio of the displacement , that occurs during a particular time interval t to that
interval2 result al/ays e3ual to length over time
o vavg - (, 4 t* - 5(,2!,1* 4 (t2 ! t1*6
o vavg is the slope of the function of distance over time
Average Spee" savg!: 7otal distance covered regardless of displacement over time (8as no sign*
o savg = 7otal 'istance 4 t
2.$) Instantaneo%s elocit! " #peed
#nstantaneous Velocity$ Velocity: 8o/ fast a particle is moving at a given instant
o v - limt->0(, 4 t* - (d, 4 dt*
Spee": 7he magnitude of velocity
2.&) Acceleration
Average Velocity vavg!: 1atio of the displacement , that occurs during a particular time interval t to that
interval2 result al/ays e3ual to length over time
o vavg - (, 4 t* - 5(,2!,1* 4 (t2 ! t1*6
o vavg is the slope of the function of distance over time
Average Spee" savg!: 7otal distance covered regardless of displacement over time (8as no sign*
o savg = 7otal 'istance 4 t
2.&) Acceleration
Acceleration: 7he rate at /hich something9s velocity is changing at a given instant2 al/ays length

4 time
2
o Average Acceleration aavg! - (v2 : v1*4(t2 : t1* - v4t
o #nstantaneous Acceleration$ Acceleration a! - dv 4 dt
+ombine this /ith v - (d, 4 dt* and you get a - (d 4 dt*(d, 4 dt* - (d
2
, 4 dt
2
*
Acceleration is the second derivative of position ,(t* /ith respect to time
o g units of acceleration: 1g- ;.< m4s
2
2.') (onstant Acceleration) A #pecial (ase Properties %or Constant or A&t. Constant Acceleration!
+an re/rite (v2 : v1*4(t2 : t1* - v4t as a - aavg - (v : v=*4(t : =* >v= is the velocity at t - =>
o v - v= ? at
'asic ()uations %or Constant Acceleration
o 1e/rite vavg - ,4t - (,2 : ,1*4(t2 : t1* as vavg - (, : ,=*4(t : =* > ,= is the position at t - =>
o vavg - (v= ? v*42 !@ vavg - v= ? (at*42 !( $ub , - ,= ? vavgt*@ , : ,= - v=t ? (at
2
*42
o Other Formable Equations
v
2
- v=
2
? 2a(, ! ,=*
, ! ,= - 5(v= ? v*(t*642
, ! ,= - vt ! 5(a*(t
2
*642
o $ummary:
()uation Missing Quantity
v - v= ? at , ! ,=
, ! ,= - v=t ? 5(a*(t
2
*642 v
v
2
- v=
2
? 2a(, ! ,=* t
, ! ,= - 5(v= ! v*(t*642 a
, ! ,= - vt ! 5(a*(t
2
*642 v=
2.*! Calculus Derivation o% +, - ,. / v.t 0 +a!t
2
!1$21
2.2! 3ree-3all Acceleration
3ree-%all Acceleration: +onstant rate at /hich an obect /ould fall /4o /ind resistance
o Magnitude is represented by g
Andependent of obect characteristics (mass. volume. density. etc.*
'oes vary a little bit due to latitude and4 or elevation
o #3uations from 2.B /or" for free!fall as /ell