II
Anu: Hi Suma, Wish a very Happy New Year
of better communication.
English
(†’´¤y -Ñ Ææç-´-ûªq®Ωç-™ ¶«í¬
´÷ö«x-úø-í∫©-´-E ؈’ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o).
Suma: Same to you, Anu. We are going to have
a party on the occasion, aren't we?
(´’†ç Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ party -îËÆæ’éÓ-¶-
ûª’Ø√oç éπü∆?)
Anu: Pavani said so yesterday, didn't she?
( -§ƒ-´-E -E-†o -Å-™« -Åç-C. éπü∆?
Suma: I am giving the party, aren't I?
party
(؈’ éπü∆ É´y-¶-ûª’-†oC?)
Anu: Yes, it is your turn this time.
(Å´¤†’ Ñ≤ƒJ F´çûª’... turn= ´çûª’)
Suma: I am giving the party alright, but I am not
making the arrangements, am I?
(؈’party ÉÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. à®√pô’x -ØË-†’
îË-ߪ’ôç -™‰-ü¿’ éπü∆?)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 91
do you, don't you?
Anu: Ah here comes Bhargavi. Hi Bhargavi,
We are talking about the party. You are
making all the arrangements, aren't
you?
party
(ÉCíÓ ¶µ«®Ω_N. ¶µ«®Ω_O, ¢Ë’ç í∫’-Jç-*
ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. à®√p-ôxFo †’´¤y îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤
éπü∆?)
Bhargavi: I am. I am getting the money from
Suma, aren't I?
suma
(îËÆæ’h-Ø√o†’. ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s©’ BÆæ’éÓ-
¢√L éπü∆?)
Suma: I am ready. Thank you for making all
the arrangements. You are taking
trouble. aren't you?
trouble
(ØËE-´y-ö«-EéÀ Æœü¿l¥ç. é¬F †’´¤y
BÆæ’èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ éπü∆?)
Bhargavi: That doesn't matter as long as I
don't spend.
(؈’ úø•’s ê®Ω’a °ôd-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ °∂æ®Ω-¢√-
™‰-ü¿’-™‰)
as long as- so long as = ÅC ïJ-Íí-´-®Ωèπ◊, Ç
°æü¿l¥-A™.so long as ´÷´‚-©’í¬ 'not' Ö†o-°æ¤púø’
¢√-úøû√ç. As long as á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Suma & Anu: Thank you.
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù í∫-ûªç-™- -´-*a-† È®çúø’ lessons ™
(question tags °j -´-*aç--C) -™«í¬-ØË -Öç-C éπ-ü∆.
äéπ\-≤ƒJ ´’Sx, don't, doesn't, didn'tûÓ ´îËa
question tag N≠æߪ’ç îª÷ü∆lç.
Bhushan: You get up quite early, don't you?
(†’´¤y î√™« °çü¿-™«úË Evü¿-™‰-≤ƒh´¤, éπü∆)
Dhiraj: That's right, do you, don't you?
(†’´¤y èπÿú≈ ÅçûË éπü∆?)
Bhushan: Your college begins at 10, doesn't it?
so you can get up late, can't you?
college
(O’ 10éÀ éπü∆, †’´¤y Ç©-Ææuçí¬
Evü¿-™‰-´îª’a, éπü∆?)
Dhiraj: But our school started at 7.30, didn't
it? so I got used to getting up early.
(´’† school 7.30 èπ◊çúËC éπü∆? Åçü¿’-
éπE Å©-¢√-ô-®·-§Ú-®·çC.)
Get used to = Å©-¢√-ô’-°æ-úøôç. I have got
used to the hot weather here = (Ééπ\úÕ ¢ËúÕéÀ
؈-©-¢√ô’ °æúÕ-§Ú-ߪ÷†’). ´’Sx í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ’èπ◊çü∆ç
1) 'Get up' ÅØË Regular doing word verb
Å®· not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Question tag, 'don't
you?' 2) 'Begins' ÅØË second regular doing
word verb Å®· not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, question tag,
'doesn't it?' 3) 'started' ÅØË past doing word
verb Å®·, not ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd, question tag, 'did-
n't it?' (Didn't pronunciation - úÕØ˛d)
Spoken English
-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ - ≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 2 -ï-†-´-J 2006
É°æ¤úø’ Ñ lesson v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™E Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™...
question tags sentences
Ö†o í∫´’-Eü∆lç.
1. aren't we? 2. didn't she? 3. aren't I?
4. am I? 5. aren't you? 6. doesn't it, etc.
OöÀ™x aren't we? didn't she? aren't you? etc.,
Ñ question tags-´’†èπ◊ éÌûËhO’é¬ü¿’.ÉN ᙫ
formîËߪ÷™ ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. É°æ¤úø’ ´’†èπ◊ éÌûªhí¬
´*a† question tags....
1. aren't I? 2. am I? sentences:
ÉN Ö†o
1) I am giving the party, aren't I?
´’†ç Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o rule
v°æ鬮Ωç
Ééπ\úø stem 'I am giving the party'™ verb, am f) might..., - mightn't? (¢Á’iõ„Ø˛d) – î√© Å®Ω’ü¿’. 2) Santhi: O’®Ω’ Ø√ O’ü¿ jokes ¢ËÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’, éπü∆?
giving 鬕öÀd, question tag
™ am,
ü∆E ûª®√yûª g) have..., - haven't...? has..., hasn't...? Revathi: ؈-Ææ©’ ´÷-ö«xúøôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆, Jyothi?
n't (stem not
™ ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd), ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´*a, I h) had..., - hadn't...? i) need..., needn't...? Jyothi: ØËØË¢Á÷ Ñ †´© îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’.
¢Á·ûªhç question tag, amn't I?
Å¢√L éπü∆. (pron: j) should..., shouldn't ...?
FØ˛d) åØ√?
é¬E Ééπ\úø aren't I I?)
(ÇØ˛d ÅE ´≤ÚhçC. ÉC k) would..., wouldn't...?
(≠æflØ˛d...?) (ÖØ˛d?) Santhi: ØËØË §Ò®Ω-°æ-ú≈f†’, éπü∆? O’®Ω’ ´’ç*-¢√∞¡Ÿx
î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç. ûÓ I begin
ÅßË’u sen-
stem not
™ Öçõ‰ Ææ´’ÊÆu ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆? verbs
™ §ƒ°æç.
tence ™ verb, am+ not
í¬ ÖçúÕ, ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, ques- ¢Á·ü¿öÀ ´÷ô îÁ°œp,subject
îÁ§ƒhç. Revathi: ØËØË serious type éπü∆? Ø√éπ-Ææ©’
tion tagá°æ¤púø÷ aren't I?
í¬ØË Öçô’çC. amn't I? example îª÷ü∆lç. jokes †îªa´¤.
ÅØË question tag English™ ™‰ü¿’. ÅüË stem
™ 1) a) Sachin could play well, couldn't he? Jyothi: ؈’ studies ™ØË interested, éπü∆?
notÖçõ‰, Å°æ¤úø’ question tag
´’Sx am I? b) Sachin could not play well, could he? Ø√éπ-Ææ©’ joke îËߪ’ôç ®√ü¿’, éπü∆?
( I am not making the arrangements, am I? 2) a) Ramesh will help you, won't he? Santhi: O’®Ω-Ææ©’ Éûª-®Ω’© O’ü¿ jokes ¢Áߪ’u®Ω’,
Ééπ\úø stem not
™ ÖçC) b) Sudha will not / won't help you, will she? éπü∆?
Revathi: Jyothi N≠æߪ’ç Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’. ؈’
´÷vûªç á°æ¤púø÷ serious.
Answers:
1)Ganesh: Hi, Mahesh, you went to a movie
last night, didn't you.
Mahesh: I told you (that) I would (go), didn't
I?
3) a) Ameet has scored Ganesh: You told me, yes. But I didn't think
´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷ü∆lç.
you'd go.
a) I am Andhra, aren't I? (stem not good marks, hasn't
Mahesh: When I say something, I am seri-
™ ™‰ü¿’)
he?
b) I am not an American, am I? ous, aren't I?
b) Ameet hasn't (has
(stem not
™ ÖçC) Ganesh: But I am not serious about movie
not) passed, has
2) a) I am getting good marks, aren't I? matters, am I?
he?
(No not in the stem) Mahesh: I feel happy when I go to a movie
É™« N’í∫-û√-N ¶«í¬
b) I am not troubling you, am I? with my friends, don't I ? Why did-
(Not in the stem)
practice îËÊÆhØË M. SURESAN n't you come?
question tags éπÈ®-
3) a) I am an Indian like you, aren't I? Ganesh: I was very busy yesterday. I am
؈÷ O’™«í∫ ¶µ«®Ω-B-ߪ·-úÕØË éπü∆? èπ◊dí¬ form îËߪ’-í∫©ç. Question tags ™‰E the fan of the hero of the movie.
Ææ綵«-≠æù î√-™« EKb-´çí¬ Öçô’çC.
(No not in the stem) Yesterday aren't I? I am sorry I
b) I am not a fool, am I? Now practice the following in English: missed the movie.
(ØËØËç ´‚®Ω’^-úÕo é¬ü¿’, éπü∆? (not in the stem) 1) Ganesh: Hi Mahesh, E†o ®√vA †’´¤y ÆœE´÷èπ◊ 2) Santhi: Hey, you are joking at me, aren't
鬕öÀd 'I' N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC– -¢Á-∞«}´¤ éπü∆? you?
a) Stem™ not ™‰èπ◊çõ‰, question tag aren't I? Mahesh: Å´¤†’, ¢Á∞«h-†E îÁ§ƒp†’. åØ√? Revathi: I am not at all talking, am I, Jyothi?
Ganesh: îÁ§ƒp-´¤™‰. é¬F †’´¤y ¢Á∞«h-´-†’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’. Jyothi: I am reading the novel, aren't I?
(verb, 'am+' Å®·ûË)
Santhi: I am mistaken, aren't I? You are
b) stem ™ not ÖçúÕ, verb 'am+' Å®·ûË Mahesh: ØËØË-ü¿-®·Ø√ -îÁ-G-ûË serious í¬ØË
good people.
question tag, 'am I?' Öçö«†’, éπü∆? Revathi: I am the serious type, aren't I ? I
´’Sx éÌEo Éûª®Ω verb farms éÌîËa question tags Ganesh: cinema N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ؈’ ´÷vûªç seri-
don't like jokes at all.
ous 鬆’, éπü∆?
Jyothi: I am interested only in studies,
Ééπ\úø ÉÆæ’hØ√oç. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ. É´Fo èπÿú≈
stem™ not Ö†o-°æ¤púø’. Mahesh: ؈’ Ø√ friends ûÓ ÆœE-´÷-Èé∞Ïh ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-
aren't I ? I don't know how to joke,
a) Shall..., - shan't...? b) will.., - won't..? ≤ƒh†’ éπü∆? E†o †’´¤y Ø√ûÓ ®√™‰üËç? do I?
c) can..., _can't...? d) could..., couldn't...? Ganesh: E†o î√-™« busy í¬ ÖØ√o. †’-´¤y Santhi: You never joke at others? do you?
(couldn't - pronunciation - ¢Á-Rx-† cinema hero fan éπü∆ ؈’?
(èπ◊Ø˛d) Revathi: I don't know about Jyothi, but I am
e) may..., - mayn't? (¢Á’ß˝’Ø˛d?) ؈’ ®√™‰-ü¿E ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’Ø√o. always serious.
-v°æ-¨¡o: Spoken -ï-¢√-•’:
English èπ◊ Ææç-•ç-Cµç-* -´’ç-*
books 1) Spoken English î√™« simple í¬, Å®Ωl¥-´’-´-ú≈-
– -P-K-≠æ, -ïçí¬È®-úÕfí∫÷-úÁç
-ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
-ï-¢√-•’:
EéÀ 鬮Ω-ùç Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Öç-úø-úøç. °æ‹Jh
Ñ´’üµ¿u innerwear ÅØË word èπÿú≈ ¢√úø’-éπ-™éÀ sentences Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. Written English
Spoken English books market ™ î√™« ´≤ÚhçC. Innerwear correct Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà ÉçéÌçîÁç °æü¿l¥-Aí¬, °æ‹Jhí¬ grammatical í¬,
ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀ™x éÌçîÁç ´’ç*N. English con- (usage ™éÀ ´≤ÚhçC), î√™«-´’ç-CéÀ Å®Ωnçé¬éπ-§Ú- éÌClí¬ éÀx≠d-¢æ Á’i† ´÷ô©’, ¢√é¬u-©ûÓ Öç-úÌa.
versation by Grant Taylor; Spoken English ´îª’a. áèπ◊\-´-´’ç-CéÀ Å®Ωnç ÅßË’u-´÷ô under- 2) Having been = Å®· Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x
for you by G.Radhakrishna Pillai and wear. Having been deceived by him once, I don't
K.Rajeevan. 2) ´®Ω-Ææ-véπ-´’ç™ E©-•úÕ Öçúø-ö«-EéÀ English Åéπ~®Ωç
-v°æ-¨¡o: 1) ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ -™--ü¿’Ææ’h-©-†’ -É-ç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ Q é¬ü¿’ – Q Ü®Ω-éπØË Å™« ¢√úø-û√®Ω’, Thank you
trust him any more
äéπ-≤ƒJ ؈-ûª-E-îËûª ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-îª-•úÕ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x
Underwear (-Åç-úø®˝-¢Ë®˝) -Åç--ö«®Ω’. ™ You èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ Thank U ¢√úÕ-†ô’x. ´®Ω-Ææ ÅûªEo ؈’ ´’Sx †´’t†’.
Innerwear (-É-†o®˝-¢Ë®˝) -Å-E -á-ç-ü¿’éπ-†®Ω’?- -véπ-´’ç™ Å®Ωnç ´îËa English word Queue. Having been selected he is happy
2) •Ææ’q -áÍé\-ô°æ¤p-úø’, Æœ-E-´÷£æ…-∞¡x -ü¿í∫_®Ω -öÀÈé\-ôxèπ◊ - Please queue up ÅØË -•-ü¿’©’, Please Q up select Å®· Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x Åûª†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
´®ΩÆæ-véπ-´’ç-™ ®√-´-ú≈-EéÀ 'Q' '°æ-ü¿l¥-A -§ƒ-öÀç-îªç-úÕ Åçö«®Ω’, fancy í¬. ÖØ√oúø’.
Å-E -¶®Ω’f-©’ç-ö«®·. Íé-´-©ç Q -Åéπ~®Ωç ´÷-vûª-¢Ë’ People queued for the tickets.
-v°æ-¨¡o: 1) Spoken english èπ◊,
3) Spelling mistakes ûªí¬_-©çõ‰ ´÷ô-©†’ sylla-
Ê°®Ì\ç-ö«®Ω’. -´®ΩÆæ-véπ-´÷-EéÀ, -Ñ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -Åéπ~®√- written english èπ◊ bles í¬ N¶µº->ç* spelling Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ. ûªí∫’_-
– -vQ-E-¢√Æˇ, -N’®√u-©í∫÷-úø
EéÀ Ææç-•ç-üµ¿ç -à-N’-öÀ?
-ûË-ú≈-©-†’ -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. û√®·. Syllable Åçõ‰ ÅaûÓ Ö†o °æü¿-¶µ«í∫ç.
-ï-¢√-•’: 2) having been -à Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç-™ -´Ææ’hç-C?
3) Spelling mistakes
Construction. DØÓx con, struc, tion -Å-ØË
1) Underwear - (Underware é¬ü¿’)– ™ü¿’-Ææ’h©’– Ææ-J-îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ -´‚úø’ syllables ÖØ√o®·. É™« devide
Ææ-©£æ… -É-´yí∫-©®Ω’. îËÆæ’èπ◊E spelling Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ. ûª°æ¤p©’
– °œ.-á-Ø˛.-†Í®-¨¸, °æ-J-T
´’†ç •ßª’-öÀéÀ éπ†-°æúË ü¿’Ææ’h©- éÀç-ü¿ üµ¿JçîË
ü¿’Ææ’h©’ é¬-•-öÀd Underwear Åçö«®Ω’. ûªí∫’_-û√®·.
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
II
Sunil: Hi Ramesh, the Megastar phoned
me last night and asked for a few tips
on acting.
(óÀª ô¢î¶ªøÉ Eìo-ô¦vA ޥ-þ§dô û¦ÚÛª
ðƼûË à¶ú‡ ìåì ÞœªJÙ# Ú•Eo ú£«àŸ-ìõª
Íè…-Þ¥è[ª.)
Ramesh: Oh, did he?
(Íö°Þ¥?)
Sunil: And what is more, he wanted to see
me about a future movie of his.
Unfortunately I am very busy you
know. So I couldn't give him an
appointment.
(ÏÙÚ¥ ÔÙæ˺ êµõªþ§, ÍêŸè[ª ìæ¨Ù-àŸ-ò˺-
Í÷±û¦... Íö°Þ¥!?
꟪ìo Ú•êŸh ú‡E÷« ÞœªJÙ# ììªo ÚÛõª-ú£ª-ÚÁ-
î¦-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙ-åª-û¦o-ìE Íû¦oè[ª. Ú¥F ë]ªô¢-ë]'-
ù£d-÷-ø‹êŸªh û¶ìª à¦ö° G@ ÚÛë¯? ÎóŸª-ìÚÛª
û¶ìª Íð§-ô³Ù-æËÀ-ÙæËÀ Ï÷y-ö¶-ÚÛ-ð¼-óŸ«ìª.)
Appointment ÷«÷´õª Íô¢nÙ ÑëÁuÞœÙ. Ú¥F
appointment ÚÛª ÏÚÛ\è[ î¦è…ì NëÅ]ÙÞ¥ Íô¢nÙ =
ÚÛõªú£ªÚÁè¯-EÚ¨ ú£÷ªóŸªÙ, àÁåª Eô¢g-ô³Ù-àŸè[Ù.
Ramesh: Oh! Is that so? I didn't know (I
haven't known) that you
are so great.
(Íö°Þ¥, ìª÷yÙêŸ Þ•í£p-î¦-è…-
÷E û¦ÚÛª ÏÙêŸ ÷ô¢ÚÛª
êµLóŸªë]ª).
Sunil: Only the megastar knows
my greatness.
(ޥ-þ§d-ôÂ¸Ú û¦ Þ•í£p-ë]ìÙ
êµõªú£ª)
Ramesh: Does he? That's news to
me. But I have a doubt,
my dear Sunil.
(Íö°Þ¥? ÏC û¦ÚÛª Ú•êŸh
Nù£óŸªÙ. Íô³ê¶ û¦ÚÁ
ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù ÑÙC.)
'That's news to me = ÍC û¦Ú¨Ù-êŸ- ÷-
ô¢ÚÛª êµLóŸªE Nù£óŸªÙ.
conversation ö˺ practice à¶óŸªÙè….
Sunil: What's it?
(ÔÙåC?)
Ramesh: Are you mentally sound?
(FÚÛª ÷ªA-ú‡n-Nª-êŸÙÞ¥ ÑÙë¯ ÍE.)
mentally sound = ÷ªA-ú‡n-NªêŸÙêÁ ÑÙè[è[Ù
mentally unsound = í‡#a
Sunil: Is that your doubt? Call the Megastar
and ask him himself.
(Íë¯ F ú£Ùë¶ï£°Ù. Íô³ê¶ ޥ-þ§d-ô¸Ú
ðƼûË à¶ú‡ ÚÛìªÚÁ\)
Ramesh: Should I? (Do) you want me to be
another fool like you? Come on.
Cut all that stuff about his calling
you and taking your suggestions.
You look a real fool.
(Íö°Þ¥? Fö°¸Þ û¶ìª ÚÛ«è¯ ÷´ô¢ª^è[-
E-í‡Ù-àŸª-ÚÁ-÷ªÙ-æ°î¦? ÏÚÛ Îí£±. ޥ-
þ§dô FÚÛª ðƼûË à¶óŸªè[Ù, F ú£«àŸ-ìõª
Bú£ª-ÚÁ-è[Ù-ö°Ùæ¨ í‡#a î¦Þœªè[ª ÚÛæ¨d-
šíåªd. ìª÷±y EáÙÞ¥ íÆ£²öËÀ-ö°¸Þ
Ñû¦o÷±.)
Cut = Îí£±, ÚÛæ¨d-šíåªd , stuff = þ¼C, î¦Þœªè[ª.
Sunil: Do I? (Íö°Þ¥?)
šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ îµ³ë]æ¨ òÅ°ÞœÙö˺ Sunil ÷«å-õÚÛª
Ramesh responses Þœ÷ª-EÙ-àŸÙè….
★ Did he?
★ Is that so? I didn't know (I haven't
known)
★ Does he?
★ Should I?
ÏÙêŸ-÷-ô¢ÚÛª ÷ªìÙ question tags Óö° form
à¶óŸ«L, conversation ö˺ î¦æ¨ ð§vêŸ ÞœªJÙ# êµõª-
ú£ª-ÚÛªû¦oÙ. Conversation lively Þ¥, effective Þ¥
ÑÙè¯-õ-ìª-ÚÛªÙç¶ question tags î¦è[ÚÛÙ à¦ö° Í÷-
ú£ô¢Ù. Íö°¸Þ question tags Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯, Ð lesson
ö˺E Ramesh responses ö˺E short questions
- Oæ¨E response questions ÍÙæ°Ù. Ïö°Ùæ¨N
ÚÛ«è¯ conversation ÚÛª ú£ï£°-á-ê¦y-Eo-þ§hô³.
Question tags ö°¸Þ ÏN-ÚÛ«è¯ ÍÙêŸ-ÚÛª÷³Ùë]ª
sentenceìª ñæ¨d ÷ú£ªhÙ-æ°ô³. î¦æ¨-E-ñç¶d Oæ¨Ú¨
Íô¢nÙ ÷ú£ªhÙ-åªÙC. Íô³ê¶ êµõª-Þœªö˺ Oå-Eo-æ¨Ú© Ö¸Ú
Íô¢nÙ– Íö°Þ¥? ÍE. ÏN ÓÚÛª\-÷Þ¥ ÖÚÛô¢ª àµí‡pì
Nù£óŸªÙ ÷ªìÙ ì÷ªt-ö¶-E-CÞ¥ Ñìoí£±pè[ªÞ¥E, ÷ªìÚÛª
ÎøŒaô¢uÙ/Îú£Ú¨h ÚÛL-TÙචNù£-óŸª-i-ì-í£±p-è[ª-Þ¥E
î¦è[ê¦Ù.
šíj ú£ÙòÅ°-ù£-éö˺ Ramesh ú response ques-
tions ÍFo ÍêŸìª ì÷ªt-ö¶E Nù£-óŸ«-õìª êµLóŸª-â¶-
ú£ªh-û¦oô³ ÚÛë¯! Sunil ÚÛª Megastar phone
à¶óŸªè[Ù, ú£«àŸ-ì-õ-è[-Þœè[Ù ö°Ùæ¨N. Ïö°Ùæ¨
responses Oªô¢« practice à¶óŸªÙè…. Íô³ê¶ Ð
responses ÍÙêŸ-ÚÛª-÷³Ùë]ª sentence ö˺E
subject
ìª ñæ¨d, ìª ñæ¨d form à¶þ§hÙ.
Pramod: Two or three ministers consult me
whenever they have problems.
(Ïë]lô¢ª ö¶ë¯ ÷³Þœª_ô¢ª ÷ªÙv꟪õª ú£÷ª-
ú£uö¶îµjû¦ ÷›úh ììªo ú£Ùví£-C-þ§hô¢ª.)
Prasad: O, do they?
(Í÷±û¦, Íö°Þ¥? – ì÷ªt-øŒÚÛuÙ Ú¥ÚÛ-ð¼ê¶
÷ªìÙ Ïà¶a response)
Pramod sentence ö˺E verb 'consult'. ÏC 1st
Regular Doing Word- Ú¥ñæ¨d responseö˺ 'do'
÷ú£ªhÙC (MinistersÚÛª ñë]ªõª 'they'êÁ). ÏÚÛ\è[
ÎÙÞœxòÅ°ù£é 92
question tags ö˺ö°Þ¥ not ÑÙç¶ tag ö˺ not ô¦÷-
ÚÛð¼÷è[Ù-ö°Ùæ¨C ÔOª ÑÙè[ë]ª.
Pramod: Most ministers are my friends.
(÷ªÙv꟪ö˺x à¦ö°-÷ªÙC û¦ ›úo-꟪õª.)
ÏÚÛ\è[ verb 'are'. Ú¥ñæ¨d ministers ñë]ªõª they .
Prasad: O, are they?
(Íö°Þ¥– ÎøŒa-ô¢u-ÚÛ-ô¢-iì Nù£óŸªÙ Íô³û¦
response Ïö°û¶ ÷ú£ªhÙC.)
Suraj: In the US, a cup of coffee costs a dol-
lar, that is, about Rs. 50/-
Spoken English
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ðû¦è[ª-
(ÍJÚ¥ö˺ ÚÛí£±p Ú¥íƈ ÖÚÛ è¯õôÂ. ÍÙç¶
ë¯ë¯í£± 50 ô¢«ð§-óŸªõª.)
Preethi: Does it?
(Í÷±û¦?)
verb
ÏÚÛ\è[ costs II Regular Doing Word Ú¥ñæ¨d
response 'does', coffee 'it'
ÍÙç¶ ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE
'Does it?'
Prema: Though she is not healthy, her hus-
band does not help her.
(ÎÚÛª ÎôÁÞœuÙ ò°ÞÁ-ö¶-ÚÛ-
ð¼-ô³û¦ Î òÅ¡ô¢h ÔÙ
ú£ï£„óŸªÙ à¶óŸªè[ª.)
Sujana: O, Doesn't
(à¶óŸªè¯?)
verb does (not) help - Ú¥ñæ¨d
response 'does.
ö˺
Kumar: The actor who played
Samson fought with a
real lion, you know?
(ø‹uîª-ú£ûË ð§vêŸ î¶ú‡ì
ìåªè[ª Eá-iì
ú‡ÙÙêÁ ð¼æ°x-è¯è[ª,
êµõªþ§)
Sudheer: Did he? (Í÷±û¦?)
šíj sentence ö˺ verb 'fought'.
ÏC Past Doing word Ú¥ñæ¨d, did
÷ú£ªhÙC. Subject 'actor' ñë]ªõª
'he' ÷ú£ªhÙC.
Ïö°¸Þ Am, is, are, was, were,
shall, will, can, could, may, might, must, have,
has, had etc. combinations verbs
êÁ ÷à¶a
responses
ÍEoÙ-æ¨ö˺ Ïî¶
ÑÙæ°ô³.
Charan: I can bat better
than Tendulkar.
(çµÙè[«-õ\ôÂ ÚÛû¦o ò°Þ¥
ò°uæ¨ÙÞ à¶óŸª-Þœ-õìª.)
Sravan: O, can you?
Can't you bowl
better than
M. SURESAN
Pathan?
(Íö°Þ¥?÷ªJ
í£ôȦûË ÚÛû¦o ò°Þ¥ ò®öËÀ à¶óŸª-ö¶î¦?)
Ïö°Ùæ¨ responses ò°Þ¥ practice à¶óŸªÙè….
Ú•ÙàµÙ vøŒë]lÄÞ¥ Þœ÷ª-E›úh Ð responses question
tags ö°Þ¥ à¦ö° ú£ªõòÅ¡Ù. Ú•ÙàµÙ practice êÁ
Oªô¢ª ú£ªõ-òÅ¡ÙÞ¥ form à¶óŸª-Þœ-õô¢ª. ví£óŸª-AoÙ-àŸÙè….
Now practise the following in English
Tarun:EìoÙê¦ šïj°ë]-ô¦-ò°ëÂö˺ à¦ö° àŸLÞ¥
ÑÙC.
Kumar: Íö°Þ¥? ÏÚÛ\-è[ÙêŸ ö¶ë¶.
Tarun: EìoÙê¦ šúyåô î¶ú£ªÚÛªû¶ AJÞ¥.
Kumar: Íö°Þ¥? ÏÚÛ\è[ ÖÚÛ îµ«ú£hô¢ª àŸLÞ¥
ð§êŸ î¦uþ§õ ÚÁú£Ù Ú¨xÚ à¶óŸªÙè…...
ñªëÅ]î¦ô¢Ù 4 áì÷J 2006
ÑÙC Ú¥F ÍÙêŸ-ö¶ë]ª.
Tarun:
ÍÙêŸ àŸL-öËºì« àŸFoüŒxêÁ þ§oìÙ à¶ø‹.
Kumar: Íö°Þ¥? ÓÙë]ª-ÚÛE?
Tarun: û¦ ô¢«Ùö˺ Þ¥uúà Íô³-ð¼-ô³ÙC. ðƼûËÂ
ඛúh ·ôÙè[ª-ôÁ-Võª í£è[ªêŸªÙ-ë]-û¦oô¢ª.
Kumar: F ô¢«Ùö˺ Uáô ö¶ë¯?
Tarun: FÚÛªÙë¯?
Kumar: ÏC ÍÙêŸ àŸL-ví£-ë¶øŒÙ Ú¥ë]ª ÚÛë¯?
ÍÙë]ª-ÚÛE Uáô Í÷-ú£ô¢Ù ö¶ë]ª.
Tarun: ÍEo ÎëÅ]ª-EÚÛ ÷ú£-꟪-õêÁ Ñìo ðƧxæËÀìª
û¶ìª êŸyô¢ö˺ Ú•ì-ò˺-꟪-û¦oìª.
Kumar: Í÷±û¦? ëÅ]ô¢ ÓÙêŸ ÑÙè•àŸªa.
Tarun: ë¯ë¯í£± 20 õ¤Ûõ ô¢«ð§-óŸªõª.
Answers:
Tarun: It was very cold the whole of yester-
day in Hyderabad./ Hyderabad was
very cold the whole of yesterday.
Kumar: Was it? It wasn't so cold here.
Tarun: I went about in sweater the whole
day.
he?
Kumar: Did you? It was cold here too, but it
wasn't so bad.
Tarun: Even in such cold,/ Though it was so
cold, I had a cold water bath/ a cold
bath.
Kumar: Did you?/ Had you? But why?
Tarun: I ran out of gas/ The cylinder was
empty/ The gas was exhausted.
When I called the gas company, they
said it would take two days/ I had to
wait for two days.
Kumar: Don't you have a geiger?
Tarun: Do you?/ Have you?
Kumar: This place is not so cold./ It is not
so cold here, is it? So we don't
need a geiger, do we?
Tarun: I am going to buy a flat soon. A
modern construction with all ameni-
ties.
ÚÛª
Kumar: Are you? What's the price?/ What
is the price likely to be?
Tarun: Around Rs. 20 lac.
ví£øŒo: It is not short form it's not/ it isn't.
Ú¨
î¦æ¨ pronunciation ÏæËÀq-û¦æËÀ/ ÏæËÀ ÐâµûËÂd
Þ¥ í£õ-ÚÛ-÷à¦a? ÏæËÀ ÐâÉÀ û¦æËÀ Þ¥û¶ í£õ-
Ú¥ö°? Short forms writing ö˺û¶ Ú¥ÚÛªÙè¯
spelling Ú¨ ÚÛ«è¯ ÷Jh-þ§hóŸ«? ÖÚÛ-î¶üŒ
spellingÚ¨ ÚÛ«è¯ ÷Jh›úh I would- short
form I'd. He has - He's, I have - I've
– Nî¶ÚÂ, ìö˹_Ùè[
îµ³ë]-öµj-ì-î¦-æ¨E Óö° ÑàŸa-JÙ-à¦L?
áî¦ñª: It's not = ÏæËÀq not;
It isn't = ÏæËÀ ÐáûËÂd– Ïö°¸Þ í£õ-Ú¥L. Ïö° í£õª-
ÚÛªê¦Ù Ú¥ñç¶d writingö˺ î¦æ¨-ìö° ô¦þ§hô¢ª. NªÞœê¦
contracted forms (short forms) Nù£-óŸªÙ-ö˺ì«
Ïö°¸Þ ÑàŸa-J-þ§hô¢ª.
I'd = ÕèÂ; He has = he's =âÉÀ
I've = ÕîËÂ. ÍEo contractions îµ³ë]å spoken
forms Ú¥ñæ¨d writing ö˺ Íö° Í÷±-꟪ÙC.
II
Laxman: Hi Ramu, may the new year bring you
all happiness.
(éÌûªh Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç Fèπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç ûÁ*a
°ö«d-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)
Ramu: So may it to you, Laxman.
(Fèπÿ Å™«Íí ï®Ω-í¬-©E Ø√ éÓJéπ)
Laxman: Thank you.
Lessons
Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ™ May Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’
éÌEoç-öÀE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπ∫ü∆. Ñ Â°j
Sentences ™ May Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷úøçúÕ. ÉN
Wishes èπÿ, Greetings (ÅGµ-†ç-ü¿-†©’) èπÿ
¢√úøû√ç. Éçü¿’™ îª÷Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ éπü∆, Laxman,
Ramu †’ wish îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’, Ramu, Laxman
†’ wish îËÊÆ--ô°æ¤púø’ May ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. Å®·ûË
É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x May á°æ¤púø÷ Sentence
´·çü¿’ç-ô’çC, Åçõ‰ Sentence May ûÓ
v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç Å´¤-ûª’çC. May ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç ÅßË’u
É™«çöÀ sentences, blessings èπ◊ èπÿú≈, Åçõ‰
ÇQ-®Ωy-îª-Ø√-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 93
When may I know the result?
Keshav: Hi Jagan, when are you starting for
Delhi?
(Delhi éÀ á°æ¤úø’ •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’ûª’Ø√o´¤?)
Jagan: In a few hours from now. The train is
at 3.30
Train 3.30
(Ééπ éÌCl í∫çô-©èπ◊. éÀ)
Keshav: I am going home now. I may not be
able to come to station to see you off.
May you have a very happy journey!
(ØËEç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√oE°æ¤púø’. Fèπ◊ OúÓ\-L-´y-ö«-
EéÀ station èπ◊ ®√™‰éπ§Ú´îª’a. F v°æߪ÷ùç
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ≤ƒí¬-©E Ø√ éÓJéπ.)
Jagan: May you have a happy time in your
new course! When do your classes
begins?
course
(F éÌûªh ™ †’´¤y ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
classes
Öçú≈L. O’ á°æ¤púø’ -¢Á·-ü¿-©-´¤-
)
û√®·.
Keshav: They begin the day after tomorrow.
(á©’xçúÕ)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ 'May' ûÓ v§ƒ®Ω綵ºç ÅßË’u sen-
tences ÅFo wishes †’ ûÁ-©°æ-ôç í∫´’-Eç-î √®Ω’
éπü∆. -É-N îª÷úøçúÕ..
u May you live long!
O’®Ω’ î√-™«é¬©ç @Nç-î√-©E.
(*®Ωç-@´! ÅØË ûÁ©’í∫’ ÇQ-Ææ’qèπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç)
u May your business prosper!
O’ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ îÁçü∆L! (éÓJéπ, ÇQÆæ’q)
u May you celebrate many more birth days like
this!
É™«çöÀ °æ¤öÀd† ®ÓV©’ î√™« î√-™« -îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-©-E!
u May you live to be a hundred.
´çüË∞¡Ÿx @Nç-î√L.
u May God bless you!
üË´¤úø’ E†’o ÇQ-®Ωy-Cç--í¬éπ!
F 'May' È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ÉC. Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’
Lessons ™ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC. May, proba-
bility E ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC, ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo ´uéπh°æ®Ω’-Ææ’hç-ü¿E
éπü∆! Åçõ‰ Ŵa, Å´-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
u 'May' ´‚úÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç É°æ¤púø’ îª÷ü∆lç.
Srinath: May I come in? (؈’ ™EéÀ ®√´î√a?)
Ravi: Please do.
Srinath: May I have a few minutes of your
time?
(O’ Æ洒ߪ’ç é¬Ææh BÆæ’éÓ-´î√a)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
Ravi: Please go ahead. What is the matter?
(àçö îÁ°æpçúÕ)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ 'May' ņ’-´’A – Permission
Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç éπü∆. ´’†-éπçõ‰ °j≤ƒn®·
¢√∞¡x permission í¬E, ´’†ç î√-™« íı®Ω-NçîË
¢√∞¡x permission í¬F Åúø-í¬-©-†’-èπ◊-†o-°æ¤púø’, May,
question form ™ I/ we ûÓ ¢√úøû√ç.
1) May I sit here?
permission
(ØËE-éπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-´î√a?)
2) May I use your phone?
(O’ phone permission
¢√-úø’éÓ´î√a?)
3) May I know your name? / May I know who
you are?
(O’ Ê°-Í®ç-ö/ -O’-È®-´®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´î√a?)
ÉC °æ‹Jhí¬ Å°æ-J-*-ûª’-©ûÓ.
4) How long may I keep this book?
(ØËF °æ¤Ææhéπç áEo ®ÓV-©’ç--éÓ-´îª’a?)
May official/ formal í¬ permission É´y-ú≈-E-éÀ
statement form ™ (you ûÓ ´·êuçí¬)
¢√úøû√ç. Superior status ™ Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿ} éÀçC
¢√∞¡xûÓ ´÷ö«x-úøôç °æ‹®Ωh-®·† ûª®√yûª, O’Jéπ ¢Á∞¡x-
´îª’a ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ May ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
1) You may go now.
O’Jéπ ¢Á∞¡x-´îª’a. (permission É´yôç)
2) You may use my phone if you want.
(O’®Ω’, 鬴-LÊÆh Ø√ phone -¢√-úø’éÓ-´îª’a)
permission É´yôç.
Å™«Íí éÌçîÁç ´’®√u-ü¿í¬ (Åçûª E≠æ \-®Ω{í¬
é¬èπ◊çú≈) orders É´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ statement
form ™ May ¢√úøû√ç.
1) You may not leave office before 5
(âü¿’í∫çô-©èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ O’®Ω’ Ç°∂‘Ææ’†’ç* ¢Á-∞Ô}-ü¿’l) Murthy: Fèπ◊ Ø√ ÇQ-Ææ’q-
order
2) You may not smoke here
(O’J-éπ\úø smoke îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’) – order.
3) You may leave office only after five.
(O’®Ω’ âü¿’ ûª®√yûªØË •ßª’öÀéÀ ¢Á-∞¡x-´îª’a) – order
(Åçõ‰ Åçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ¢Á∞¡xèπÿúø-ü¿E order).
É´-Fo May Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’: äéπ-≤ƒJ Ææçví∫-£æ«çí¬ Anil: î√-™« thanks, Sir.
îª÷ü∆lç.
1) 'May' expresses probability (ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç)
2) 'May' expresses doubt (ÆæçüË£æ«ç)
3) May in the question form, especially with I/
We is used for asking for permission in a very
formal and polite manner.
'May' for permission is used to ask for per-
mission in a more polite and formal manner
than 'can' and 'shall', with I/ We, and 'will',
and 'would' with you (in the question form)
-v°æ-¨¡o: Bí∫ ´çTçC, 鬩’ NJ-TçC,
<´’ ´·E-TçC, °æ¤Ææhéπç
*J-TçC.. -É-™«ç-öÀ -¢√--öÀ-E
-ߪ’-ü∑∆-ûª-ü∑¿çí¬ (--´ç-îª-•-úÕç-C,-
´·-†í∫-•-úÕç-C, -Å-E é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈)
-Ççí∫xç-™éÀ -á-™« -Å-†’-´-
Cç-î√-™ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
– ®√°∂æ’-´, -´÷®√\°æ¤®Ωç-
-ï-¢√-•’:
i) Bí∫ ´çTçC = the wire bent
ii) 鬩’ NJ-TçC = the leg broke
iii) <´’ ´·E-TçC = The ant drowned.
iv) °æ¤Ææhéπç *J-TçC = The book got torn.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 6 -ï-†-´-J 2006
4) 'May' in statement forms some times is used
Bhavan: -•£æ›-¨» -Öç-úÌ-a. ؈’ ´’Sx °œ©’≤ƒh-†’.
in place of 'shall' to express orders in a polite Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ •ßª’ô wait îËߪ’-´îª’a O’®Ω’.
and formal way. O’®Ω’ front room ™ èπÿ®ÓaçúÕ.
5) May in the beginning of a statement is used Interview Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûª èπÿú≈ O’®Ω’
for expressing wishes and blessings. âü¿’í∫çô© ´®Ωèπ◊ ¢Á∞¡x-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
Sravan: result á°æ¤úø’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-´îª’a?
Now practice the following in English.
Bhavan: Í®°æ¤ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç ´®Ωèπ◊ O’®Ω’ expect
a) Anil: Good morning, Sir. O’®Ω’ ´÷èπ◊ high îËߪ’-éπçúÕ.
school ™ teacher, Sir. -N’-´’t-Lo äéπ-≤ƒJ Answers:
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-ú≈-EéÀ ´î√a†’. Anil: Good morning sir. You were our
teacher in the high school. I have
Murthy: -†’-´¤y -Ø√èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h-Ø√o-´¤ -Å-E-™¸. -î√-™«é¬-©ç come to see you.
Murthy: I remember you, Anil. (I am) happy to
-ûª®√y-ûª -E-†’o éπ-©’Ææ’éÓ-´-ôç Ææç-ûÓ-≠æç.-
É°æ¤p-úËç -îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-´¤? see/ meet you, though after a long
time. What are you (now)?
Anil: (I am) going to the states for higher
studies. I got the visa the day before
(yesterday). I've come for your bless-
ings.
Murthy: You have my blessings always. May
you have a happy journey and may
you study well and prosper (°jéÀ
Anil:
°j îªü¿’-´¤-©èπ◊
®√´-ôç)there!
Anil: Today is my birthday too, sir.
Å¢Á’-Jé¬ ¢Á∞¡Ÿh-
Sir.
Ø√o†’, Murthy: I am very happy. May you live long in
¢Á·†oØË visa health and happiness!
´*açC. O’ ÇQ- Anil: Thank You, sir.
Ææ’q© éÓÆæç Murthy: You are welcome.
(May you have a happy journey = Wish you
´î√a†’. M. SURESAN
a happy journey; may you live long = Wish
you a long and healthy life)
™„-°æ¤púø÷ Öçö«®·. F v°æߪ÷ùç Ææ’êçí¬
b) Sravan: May I come in (sir)?
ïJT, †’´yéπ\-úø ¶«í¬ îªCN °jéÀ ®√¢√-©E
Ø√ ÇQ-Ææ’q©’ (May ¢√úøçúÕ). Bhavan: Please do/ do come in. Have a seat/
Please sit down.
Anil: Ñ®Ó- V Ø√ birthday èπÿú≈. Sir.
Sravan: I have come to attend an interview
Murthy: î√™« ÆæçûÓ≠æç. †’´¤y î√-™«-鬩ç Çߪ·-®√-
®Ó-í¬u-©ûÓ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. (May here. I am Sravan. When may I have
the interview?/ When may be my
¢√úøçúÕ). interview?
Bhavan: Wait a minute. Let me see... Yes. Your
Murthy: ´’ç*C.
interview is at 2 in the afternoon.
b) Sravan: ؈’ ™°æ-LéÀ ®√´-î √açúŒ?
Sravan: It's already 1.30 sir. May I
(É°æ¤púË)
Bhavan: ®ΩçúÕ. èπÿ®ÓaçúÕ. have the interview now itself ?
Sravan: ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ interview attend Å´-ú≈-EéÀ
Bhavan: That may be possible. I'll call you
´î√a†’. Ø√ Ê°®Ω’ Sravan. Ø√èπ◊ inter- again. Till then you may wait outside.
view á°æ¤p-úø’ç-úÌa? You may sit in the front room. You
Bhavan: îÁ§ƒh-†’ç-úøçúÕ. Ç... O’èπ◊ ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç may not leave here till 5, even after
È®çúø’ í∫çô-©èπ◊ interview Öçô’çC. the interview.
Sravan: É°æ¤púË äçöÀ í∫çô-†o®Ω Å®·çC éπü¿çúÕ. Sravan: When may I know the result?
Ø√ interview É°æ¤púË ÖçúÌî√a? (May Bhavan: Well, you may not expect it before
¢√úøçúÕ). tomorrow evening.
-v°æ-¨¡o: Idioms, usage í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. Öûªh´’´÷®Ω_ç English Newspapers, The Hindu
– ®Ω£æ…-Ø√-¶‰í∫ç, éπ-©÷x®Ω’ ™«çöÀN, *†o *†o story books ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç*
-ï-¢√-•’: °ü¿l novels îªü¿-´ôç, ´·êuçí¬ English news
Idioms ÅØ√o usage ÅØ√o ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äéπõ‰. ¢√úø’-éπ™ magazines îªü¿-´ôç. Vocab books ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ-
´©x words, their meanings ûÁ©’-≤ƒh®·, but we
Ö†o ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p, Ç ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p ¢Á·û√h-EéÀ
don't know how to use them. So read, read
Ö†o Å®√n-EéÃ, Ç ´÷ô© èπÿ®Ω’p™ Ö†o äéÌ\éπ\
and read- that's the best way to improve. Åçû√
´÷ô Å®√n-EéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúø-éπ-§ÚûË, Ç ´÷ô©
èπÿ®Ω’p idiom Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÅüË ¢√úø’-éπ-™éÀ ´Ææ’hçC idioms,
îªü¿-Nç-ûª-®√yûª Åv°æ-ߪ’-ûªoçí¬ O’èπ◊ í∫’®Ω’h†o
words language
鬕öÀd ÅC usage Å´¤-ûª’çC. use Åçõ‰ ¢√úøéπç.
O’ ™ ¢√úË-≤ƒh®Ω’. îªC-¢Ë-Æœç-ûª-®√yûª
Åçõ‰ äéπ word †’ sentence ™ use îËߪ’ôç. Å®Ωnç-é¬E ´÷ô™‰´Ø√o Öçõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ dictionary
O’®Ω’ vocabulary, idioms, improve îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√-©çõ‰ Commercials/ Ads
îª÷úøçúÕ. èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ îªü¿-´çúÕ–
Vocabulary O’ü¿ books (Norman Lewis's Word Modern expression ´Ææ’hçC. O©’-†o-°æ¤p-úø™«x
Power Made Easy ™«çöÀN) éÌçûª-´-®ΩÍé Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫- English ™ ´÷ö«x-úøçúÕ.
°æ-úø-û√®·. Idioms O’ active use ™éÀ ®√¢√-©çõ‰
II
Brahmam: Hi Vishnu, any idea where Siva
might be?
(P´ áéπ\-úø’ç-úÌîÓa à¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ)?
Vishnu: Not in the least. You call Ganesh.
He might know.
Ganesh
(ÅÆæ©’ ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’. phone
èπ◊
îË®·. Åûª-EéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-´îª’a.)
Not in the least= ÅÆæ©’ ™‰ü¿’.
Brahmam: Has he a cell? Let me have the
number
cell
(Åûª-EéÀ Number
Öçü∆. É´¤y)
Vishnu: He hasn't a cell/ He has no cell. He
fears it might affect his heart if he
carries it in his pocket, and his ear,
if he hears from it- because of radi-
ation.
heart
(™‰ü¿’. ÅC ñ‰•’™ °ô’d-èπ◊çõ‰ èπ◊,
ü∆EoNçõ‰ îÁNéÀ üÁ•s ÅE ÅûªE ¶µºßª’ç)
Brahmam: So how do I get at him now?
(´’J ÅûªEo °æô’d-éÓ-´ôç ᙫ?)
Get at = îË®Ω’-éÓ-´-ôç/- °æ-ô’d-éÓ-´ôç
Vishnu: He might be at office now Ringup
his office. You might be able to con-
tact him.
(Åûª-E°æ¤púø’ office ™ Öçúø-´îª’a. Åéπ\-
úÕéÀ Phone îÁß˝’. †’´y-ûªEo Åéπ\úø
°æô’d-éÓ-´îª’a).
Contact: Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç/- ä-éπ-JûÓ communication
Öçúøôç
Brahmam: Any idea who else might know
Siva's whereabouts now? I want
him urgently.
Siva
(§ÚF É°æ¤-úÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ îÁ°æp-í∫-©-
¢√∞¡Ÿx ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o ÖØ√o®√?ÅûªEo éπ©’-Ææ’-
éÓ-´ôç î√-™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç).
Vishnu: Try his home. Here's the number.
But they might all be out.
phone
(¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ îÁß˝’. -É-CíÓ -†ç-•®˝.
Å®·ûË ¢√∞Îx-´®Ω÷ Éçöx ™‰éπ-§Ú-´îª’a).
(Try= v°æߪ’-Aoç* îª÷úø’. ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆: out:
Éçöx ™‰éπ-§Ú-´ôç; In = Éçöx Öçúøôç)
É´Fo might combination ûÓ Ö†o verbs Ö†o
sentences éπü∆. I mean, °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™ -EN.
Might combination ûÓ verbs English ™ ûª®Ω-
îª’í¬ ¢√-úø’-ûª’ç-ö«ç. Åçü¿’-éπE might combina-
tion ûÓ ´îËa verbs †’ í∫’-Jç-* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç
´·êuç/ -Ö-°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç.
Might Combination Verbs:
a) Might be ('be' form);
b) Might+ 1st Regular doing word - might know,
might come, might like, etc.
1) Might, present ™é¬F,future ™é¬F, Åçõ‰
É°æ¤úø’é¬F, Ééπ-´·çü¿’é¬F, expresses doubt
(ÆæçüË£æ«ç) and uncertainty (Ææç-Cí∫l¥-ûª). Åçõ‰
ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Öçúø-´îª’a, ®√´îª’a ÅE '´îª’a— °æü∆©èπ◊
Ææ´÷†ç.
a) Might be - ÉC 'be' form; Å®Ωnç: Öçúø-´îª’a.
-v°æ-¨¡o:
-Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -¶«í¬ -´÷-ö«x-ú≈-©ç-õ‰ -àç
-îË-ߪ÷-™ Ææ-©£æ… -É-´yí∫-©®Ω’.
– -áç.-¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y®ΩÈ®-úÕf, -<®√-©
-ï-¢√-•’:
Spoken English
v°æA-¶µº™ ÉÆæ’h†o
exercises regular practice
í¬
English paper
îËߪ’çúÕ. îªü¿-´ôç
continue îËߪ’çúÕ. *†o *†o English story
books èπÿú≈ îªü¿-´çúÕ. ûª°æpéπ ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ω’–
üµÁj®Ωuçí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç v§ƒ®Ωç-GµÊÆh.
-v°æ-¨¡o: i) -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™... consist, collapse, cultiva-
tion... -O-öÀ-E -á-™« °æ-©é¬-L?
ii) A. How do you go to home?
B. I go home by rickshaw. éπÈ®Íéd-Ø√?
Spoken English
-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ -Ç-C¢√®Ωç 8 -ï-†-´-J 2006
b) Might + 1st Regular doing word (see, go,
come, etc) Might see = îª÷úø-´îª’a (ÆæçüË£æ«ç),
Might go = ¢Á∞¡x-´îª’a, Might come = ®√´îª’a.
´’† Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ sentence äéπ-≤ƒJ îª÷ü∆lç.
a) Any idea where Siva might be?
P´ áéπ\-úø’ç-úÌîÓa à´’Ø√o ûÁ©’≤ƒ?
b) You call Ganesh. He might know
í∫ù‰-≠ˇèπ◊ phone îÁß˝’. Åûª-EéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-´îª’a.
c) He fears it might affect his heart...
í∫’çúÁ üÁ•s A†-´-îªaE... ÅûªE ¶µºßª’ç.
d) You might be able to contact him there
Might èπ◊ ´’®Ó Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç: Manager: ؈÷ ÅüË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o, Å®·ûË î√-™«
Féπ-ûª†’ Åéπ\úø üÌ®Ωéπ-´-a/ -ûª-í∫-™Ôa. a) You might try his office phone number if you ê®Ω’a Ŵa éπü∆ ÅE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
e) But they might all be out are unable to get his home. Supdt.:
é¬E, O’Í®-´’-†’-éÓ-éπ-§ÚûË, ´’†èπ◊ ü∆E-´©x
Åçü¿®Ω÷ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡Ÿxç-úÌa. Phone
Åûª-EçöÀ Office phone try
üÌ®Ω-éπ\-§ÚûË, business áèπ◊\´´¤ûª’çC, sir. áèπ◊\´
鬕öÀd îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, might, present ™, future ™ îËߪ’çúÕ. customers ´îËa Å´-鬨¡ç Öçô’çC éπü∆,
Åçûª éπ*a-ûªç-é¬E N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’ç-ü¿E– Might b) You might call the helpline in sir.
be/ Might + 1st RDW (Regular Doing Word) case of trouble. Manager: Ñ Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç budget ™ adjust
trouble,
O’Íé-´’Ø√o help line
Öçõ‰, èπ◊ phone
≤ƒüµ¿u-¢Á’i, ï®Ω-í∫-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo îËߪ’-´-îªaç-ö«®√?
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC. îËߪ’çúÕ. Supdt.: ؈’ budget prepare îËÊÆ-¨»†’.
In case of= Å®·ûË, helpline= äéπ ÆæçÆæn ´©x
O’®Ì-éπ\-≤ƒJ ÅC -îª÷Æœ E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’éÓ-
Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ îËߪ÷-Lq† phone) ´îª’a, sir.
Ñ È®çúø’ Sentences ™ ™«í¬ might †’ Ææ÷îª- Answers:
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 94
†-©’/- Ææ-©-£æ…©’ É´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç– a)
´·êuçí¬ ´’†-éπçõ‰ °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊, ´’†éπçõ‰ °j≤ƒn®· Prabhu: We are playing the match today, aren't
¢√∞¡xèπ◊ Ææ÷îª-†-L-´y-ö«-EéÀ î√™« ´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬. we?
You might call the helpline
Varma: Yes. But (I'm
Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ Might èπÿ, Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o Rajasekhar (Senior Manager):
Manmohan, the power bills are going up. afraid) it might
May èπ◊ î√™« §ÚLéπ Ö†oô’x ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆.
Can't we make do with two air conditioners rain.
Might, may éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ ÆæçüË-£æ…Eo ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω’-
instead of four? Prabhu: In case/ If it
Ææ’hçC. Åçõ‰ May -¢√-úÕ-†°æ¤p-úø’ áèπ◊\´ rains when
(Manmohan, billséπÈ®çö¸ ¶«í¬ áèπ◊\-´®·§Úûª’-
≤ƒüµ¿u´’ßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç -Öç-ô’ç-ü¿-†o-´÷-ô. Ø√o®·.3 AC machines •ü¿’©’ È®ç-úÕçöÀûÓ might the
1 a) Sunil may come this evening
Ææ®Ω’l-éÓ-´îª’a éπü∆? match we?
Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Ææ’F™¸ ®√´îª’a. Manmohan (Manager): Varma: (It) might be this M. SURESAN
b) Sunil might come this evening That might not be much use, sir. Power bills weekend.
Ñ ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Sunil ®√´-îËa¢Á÷. may be less, but the staff might not work so Prabhu: What might be our chances of win-
Sentence (a) ™éπØ√o (b) ™ ÆæçüË£æ«ç áèπ◊\´. efficiently. ning?
Sunil may come ņo-°æ¤úø’ Ææ’F™¸ ´îËa Ææ÷îª- cur-
(Åü¿ç-ûª Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. ü∆E´©x Varma: Ah... we might win...
†©’ áèπ◊\´, Sunil might come ņo-°æp-öÀ-éπØ√o. rent ê®Ω’a ûªí∫’_-ûª’ç-üË¢Á÷ é¬E, Æœ•sçC Åçûª Prabhu: What's the doubt?/ Why the doubt?
2 a) It may rain (´®Ω{ç ®√´îª’a) – doubtful sir)
Ææ´’-®Ωn-ªçí¬ °æE-îË-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a, Varma: The pitch might not help our players.
b) It might rain (Highly doubtful) Manager, Sr Manager
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. éÀîËa Prabhu: You might try Gopala Rao among our

´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o might ¢Á·ü¿öÀ Ö°æ- Might
´’®√u-ü¿-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† Ææ÷ – ¢√úÕ. bowlers. The pitch might favour him.
'What do you think of this method?'
ßÁ÷í∫ç. It expresses possibility/ uncertain- b)
ty/ doubt in the present or in the future. (Ñ °æü¿l¥-A í∫’-Jç-* O’Í®-´’-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’?) Manager: I want to get rid of all the furniture in
'It might not increase our profits, sir'
(A) India might win the coming cricket series the office and get a new set in its
with Pakistan, atleast Inzamam says so
(ÅC ´’† ™«¶µ«-©†’ °çîª-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a). place./ I want to replace all the old
ï®Ω-í∫-†’†o cricket series ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Èí©--¢Ìa. Now practise the following in English: furniture by a new set.
a) (È®çúÓC simple, better.)
Éçï-´÷¢˛’ Å™« Åçô’-Ø√oúø’.
Prabhu:
´’†ç Ñ®Ó-V match -Çúø’-ûª’Ø√oç, éπü∆? Superintendent:
India may win Åçõ‰ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ ÈíLîË chances
Varma: That might be a good idea. It might
Éçé¬Ææh áèπ◊\´ ņo-´÷ô. Å´¤†’. Å®·ûË ´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’hç-üË¢Á÷?
Prabhu:
´®Ω{ç ´ÊÆh á°æ¤p-úø’ -ÇúÌa ´’†ç? be good to have the walls painted
too, sir.
Varma:
Ñ ¢√®√çûªç Ŵa.
iii) Seminar Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x how can we intro- Prabhu:
´’†ç ÈíLîË Å´-é¬-¨»-™‰çö? (That might not be a bad idea, after all. Ñ
duce ourselves? Varma: sentence áèπ◊\´ ¢√u´-£æ…-J-éπç–- ´·-êuçí¬
– -áÆˇ.-ûªéÀs-ߪ÷, -´’-*-M°æ-ôoç
´’†ç... Èí©-´-îËa¢Á÷?
Prabhu: éÌçîÁç °ü¿l¢√∞¡xûÓ ´÷õ‰x-ô-°æ¤úø’, í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆:
-ï-¢√-•’:
àçöÀ ÆæçüË£æ«ç?
Varma: Pitch´’† Players èπ◊ help îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´- not bad= very good.)
i) consist = éπØ˛-Æ œÆˇd – Æœ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç îËa-¢Á÷-†E!
Prabhu: ´’† bowlers ™ Gopala Rao †’ O’®Ω’
Manager: That's what I think too. But it might
cost a lot.
collapse = éπ ™«°ˇq – ™« ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
cultivation = éπLd-¢Á-ß˝’-≠æØ˛ – ¢Áß˝’ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç try îËߪ’-´îª’a. Åûª-Eéà pitch ņ’-èπÿ- Supdt.: If I might say so, (O’Í®O’ ņ’-éÓ-éπ-§Ú-ûË-
ii) A. How do you go to home ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’– Lç-îª-´îª’a. †çúŒ)We shall have more business,
How do you go home? - correct. b) sir. We might have more customers,
Home 'to' Manager: Ñ §ƒûª furniture Åçû√ BÊÆÆœ éÌûªh fur- sir.
´·çü¿’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ ®√ü¿’.
B. I go home by rickshaw, ... niture Å´’-®√a-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. Manager: Can we adjust this in this year's
iii) Good morning, every body, I am... (name) Superintendent: ÅC ´’ç* idea, sir. ´’† Office budget?/ You feel we can adjust it in
presenting this paper on... (subject). ™‰éπ-§ÚûË èπ◊ èπÿú≈ ´’ç* ®Ω÷°æç ´Ææ’hçC. this year's budget?
Éçé¬, sir, ´’† íÓúø-©-Eoç-öÀéà Supdt.: I've prepared the budget, sir. You
My name is..., presenting this paper on...
paint -¢Ë®·ç-îªôç èπÿú≈ ´’ç*- might just look at it and decide.
üË¢Á÷, sir.
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
II
Charan: Hi Dheeraj, long time, no see. How's
every body?
(î√™«-é¬-©-´’-®·çC, îª÷Æœ. ᙫ
ÖØ√o®Ωçü¿®Ω÷?)
Dheeraj: Fine. Thank you. How's life?
(èπ◊™«-≤ƒØË. †’¢Áy™« ÖØ√o´¤?)
Charan: Getting along. (àüÓ ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC.)
Well, what brings you here? (àçöÀ™«
´î√a´¤?)
Question English ™ î√™« common. bad
Ñ (-Å-ûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îË≤ƒh-úøE ØË-††’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o–
manners é¬ü¿’.
Dheeraj: I thought I might see you at the book
fair yesterday, but I didn't
(E†o book fair- °æ¤Ææhéπ v°æü¿-®Ωz†™ †’´¤y
éπ†-°æ-úø-´-îªa-†’-èπ◊Ø√o. é¬F ®√™‰ü¿’)
Charan: I was out of town yesterday. In fact I
had been away for 3 days. I returned
only this morning.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 95
Might I come in?
(E†o Ü∞} ™‰†’. ÅÆæ©’ ´‚úø’®ÓV-©’í¬
™‰†’. É¢√∞¡ Öü¿-ߪ’¢Ë’ AJ-íÌî√a.)
Dheeraj: I bought some books at the fair yes-
terday. Look. Here they are. I thought
you might be interested in them.
(E†o éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ éÌØ√o. É¢Ë. Fèπ◊
¢√öÀ™ interest Öçúø-´-îªaE BÆæ’-éÌî√a)
Charan: When is the fair closing?
(á°æ¤púø’ ´·í∫’-≤ÚhçC?)
Dheeraj: It closed yesterday.
(E†o Å®·-§Ú-®·çC)
Charan: I expected it might go on for a few
more days.
(ÉçéÌEo ®ÓV-©-®·Ø√ Öçô’ç-ü¿E ÇPç-î√†’.)
Dheeraj: So did I.
(-ØË-†÷ Å™«Íí ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o)
Charan: One of the salesmen told me that it
might go on for a few days after the
date.
(- ´ ’-JéÌ-Eo ®Ó-V-©’ §ÒúÕ-Tç-îª-´-îªaE äéπ
salesman Ø√ûÓ ÅØ√oúø’)
Dheeraj: I thought of visiting it the first day
itself. But feared that there might be
too much of crowd. Yesterday there
was no crowd, and not many books
either.
(¢Á·ü¿öÀ®Óñ‰ ¢Á∞«l-´’-†’-èπ◊Ø√o é¬F ï†ç
áèπ◊\´í¬ Öçö«-®ΩE ¶µºßª’-°æ-ú≈f†’. E†o ï†ç
-™‰®Ω÷, áèπ◊\´ °æ¤Ææh-鬩÷ ™‰´¤)
°j Ææ綵«-≠æù™ might combination ûÓ Ö†o
Verbs í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ´’†ç É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ Might Ö°æ-
ßÁ÷í∫ç í∫’-Jç-* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC – Might, Present
™í¬F, future ™í¬F uncertainty E/ doubt E
ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-Ææ’hç-ü¿E.
a) He might pass = ¢√úø’ pass Ŵa. (Doubt)
b) They might agree to it = ¢√∞¡Ÿ} ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´îª’a.
-Ñ È®ç-úø’ -¢√é¬u-©’ future.
c) She might be at college now
Ç¢Á’ É°æ¤púø’ college ™ Öçúø-´îª’a. – Present.
É°æ¤púø’ °j Ææ綵«-≠æù™ might combination ™
verb Ö†o sentences îª÷ü∆lç.
1) I thought (that) I might see you at the fair.
fair ™ -†’-´¤y éπ†-°æ-úø-´-îªaE ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o – Past
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
-Ñ-Ø√-úø’ -´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 10 -ï-†-´-J 2006
2) I thought (that) you might be interested in
them.
¢√öÀ™ Fèπ◊ ÇÆæéÀh Öçúø-´-îªaE ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o – Past
3) I expected (that) it might go on -
Éçé¬ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûª’ç-ü¿E ÇPçî√. Past
Åçõ‰ might past †’ èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC – àüÁjØ√
Past ™ ÖçúÌ-îªaF, ï®Ω-íÌ-îªaF Å®ΩnçûÓ.
Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ, Might, may éÀ past form. Compare.
a) I think he may help me
Present/ Future) b)
Can, shall, may © ´’üµ¿u Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ö†o
b) I thought he might help me Namrata: E†o †’´¤y ††’o movie éÀ BÂÆ\-∞«h-¢Ë-¢Á÷-
ûËú≈-©-†’ -Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ N´-Jçî√ç. É°æ¤púø’ ´’Sx
(-Å-ûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îË≤ƒh-úË-¢Á÷-†E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o– N´-J-Ææ’hØ√oç. Might ûÓ éπL°œ. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ, †E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.
Past) Priya: Ç movie FéÀ≠dçæ Öçúø-üË-¢Á÷-†E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o.
í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ.
a) ™ I think ÅE present N≠æߪ’ç îÁ°æ¤h-†-o°æ¤púø’ For asking for permission with I/ we in the Ç hero, heroine ©’ F favourites 鬮Ω’.
Might (Å®Ω’ü¿’) R Namrata: ؈’ F phone éÓÆæç wait îËÆæ’hØ√o, ´÷
may ´Ææ’hçC. question form.
A
May Most R îÁ™„x©’ †’´¤y phone îËߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´-îªaE
b) ™ I thought ÅE past N≠æߪ’ç ûÁ-LÊ°-ô-°æ¤púø’
very E
Shall formal L
might ÅE past form (May èπ◊) ´≤Úhç-C-éπü∆. îÁ°œpØ√ èπÿú≈.
Can slightly formal & Y
c) -Å-ûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕ-éÌ-≤ƒh-úË-¢Á÷-†E ¶µºßª’-°æú≈f. U Priya:
least formal formal & very polite S
Åçûª ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. ÅüË-´’çûª ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’. Ø√Íé
I feared/ was afraid that he might come here. & least polite & polite polite E bore éÌöÀdçC.
D
ÉC might 2nd use. It is used as the past form Answers:
Now practise the following in English:
of May. Mallesh: How long might you be here?
Mallesh: F¢Á-Ø√o-∞¡Ÿxç-úÌ-*a-éπ\úø?
Jagan: My course may last/ may go on for 15
days. I might stay for two or three
Jagan:
days more after that.
Mallesh: Then you might stay at our place for
two days. My brother might come in a
few days.
It might be possible only after the
a) I went there because you told me that he Jagan: Ø√ Course 15 course. Our directors might ask us to
might be there. ®ÓV-©’ç-úø-´îª’a. stay in the Training Center during the
†’´¤y -Å-ûªúø-éπ\úø ÖçúÌ-îªaE îÁ°œp†çü¿’-´-©x -ØË-†-éπ\-úÕéÀ ؈’ ÉçéÓ È®çúø’ course.
¢Á∞«x†’. (Past) ´‚úø’ ®ÓV-©’ç-ö«- Mallesh: What will you do/ are you going to do
b) He feared that they might reveal his secret ØË¢Á÷ Ç ûª®√yûª. after classes every day?
Mallesh: Å°æ¤púø’ -†’´¤y
ûª† ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒuEo ¢√∞¡Ÿx •ßª’-ô-°--úø-û√Í®-¢Á÷-†E Åûª†’ Jagan: We shall know the exact programme
¶µºßª’-°æ-ú≈fúø’ (Past) ´÷ Éçöx È®çvúÓ-
M. SURESAN only after classes begin. I might then
3) May ™«í¬ØË, Might èπÿú≈ î√-™« -´’-®√u-ü¿í¬, formal V-©’ç-úø-´îª’a
be able to tell you clearly about it.
í¬ permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. éπü∆! ´÷ ņoߪ’u èπÿú≈ ÉçéÌ-Cl-®Ó-V™x
Mallesh: OK. Till then let's be in touch over
Might I come in?
´≤ƒh-úË¢Á÷.
phone.
(More formal than 'May I come in?') Jagan: Åü¿çû√ course Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûË ≤ƒüµ¿u-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-
Jagan: When might your brother come?
'May I come in?' - ÉüË î√-™« formal í¬, Polite ü¿-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. Course period ™ training
Mallesh: I thought he might come yesterday
í¬ permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úøû√ç-éπü∆? center ™ØË Öçúø-´’-†-´îª’a ´÷ directors.
itself. But he called to say that he
'Might I come in?' - ÉC Éçé¬ áèπ◊\´ formal í¬, Mallesh: ®ÓW classes Å®·ç-ûª-®√yûª àç îË≤ƒh´¤?
might not come for another two days.
polite í¬ Öçô’çC, permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ. Jagan: ÅÆæ©’ programme àçö course begin
Jagan: I expected very much that I might
'Might I use your phone?'
Å®·çûª®√y-ûªØË ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. Å°æ¤-úø-®·ûË Øˆ’ meet both of you.
O’ phone äéπ-≤ƒJ ¢√úø-´î√a?
'Might I come a little late tomorrow?'
Fèπ◊ clear í¬ îÁ°æp-´îª’a. b)
Mallesh: OK. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ phone ™ touch ™ Namrata: I thought you might take me to the
Í®°æ¤ ؈’ é¬Ææh late í¬ ®√´î√a?
Å®·ûË permission Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÀ î√™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ Öçü∆ç. movie yesterday.
Priya: I thought that you might not like the
¢√úø-û√®Ω’. áèπ◊\´ May ü¿í∫_Í® ÇT-§Úû√ç. Jagan: O’ ņoߪ’u á°æ¤púø’ ®√´îª’a?
´’†ç Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆? Can, movie. The hero and the heroine are
Mallesh: ؈’ E†oØË ´≤ƒh-úË¢Á÷ ņ’-èπ◊Ø√o. é¬F
Shall, May, are used with I/ We in the ques- not your favourites.
phone îËÆ œ îÁ§ƒpúø’. -É-çé¬ È®çvúÓ-V©ü∆é¬
tion form for asking for permission. É°æ¤púø’ Namrata: I was expecting your call though my
®√-ØË-¢Á÷-†-E. sister told me you might not call.
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç– 'Might' too is used with I/ we in
Jagan: ؈’ î√™« expect î˨», O’ Éü¿l-JE Ñ ®ÓV
the question form for asking for permission. Priya: Don't worry. The movie wasn't good.
But there are differences among them. éπ©-´-îªaE. It bored even me.
-v°æ-¨¡o: Get, got Åçõ‰ í∫’-Jç-* -N-´-Jç-îªç-úÕ.
The bus is come = Bus ´*a ÖçC ÅE; é¬F DE-éπØ√o better, the bus has
Rama has come to Guntur. -Ñ -¢√éπuç -à tense? come. The bus is come ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’.

I shall have written a letter = (Future ™ àüÓ time èπ◊ í¬F Åçûª-èπ◊-´·ç-ü¿’-
Bus is come -Åç-õ‰ -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ? has come -Å-E éπ-ü∆-! í¬F) letter ®√ÊÆÆœ Öçö«-†E.
I shall have written a letter -Åç-õ‰ I shall write a letter -Å- I shall write a letter = (Future ™; á°æ¤púÓ ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’) letter ®√≤ƒh†’.
E éπ-ü∆-! -É-™«ç-ô°æ¤p-úø’ -õ„iç í∫’-Jç-* -îÁ-§ƒp--Lqç-üË-Ø√? È®ç-úÕç-öÀ -´’-üµ¿u -î√-™« -ûË-ú≈ Öçü¿E ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆.
I shall be going -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ?
Shall be doing it = Future ™ îËÆæ÷h Öçö«†’(´·)/ ¢√∞¡Ÿx, O’®Ω’, Åûª†’/ Ç¢Á’
– -áç.-¢Ë-ù’, -ûÁ-Ø√-L
-v°æ-¨¡o: I want to see a doctor, He wants to meet a doctor,
îËÆæ÷h Öçú≈L.
-ï-¢√-•’:
get Åçõ‰ §Òçü¿ôç, ûÁa-éÓ-´ôç, äéπ-îÓ-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞¡xôç, é̆ôç, ûË´ôç, It is better to
etc. got, get èπ◊ past tense and past participle. consult a doctor-
–- -úÕ.Ææ’-¶«s®√-´¤, -Q-™«é¬-V-©÷®Ω’
-O-öÀ -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ?

He got going - É™«çöÀîÓôx get Ææ£æ…-ߪ’éπ véÀߪ’ Ŵa. (Å®·Ø√ English
´÷ö«x-úø-ö«-EéÃ, ®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ àC à ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i-† véÀߪ’ ÅE ûÁ-L-ߪ÷-Lq-† -Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’ -ï-¢√-•’:
éπü∆.)
It is better to consult a doctor = Doctor †’ Ææçv°æ-Cç-îªôç ¢Ë’©’.
Consult =

Rama has come. Has come Ééπ\úø present tense. Å®·ûË É™«çöÀ ¢√é¬u™x
Ææçv°æ-Cç-îªôç
ÅC past action, time not stated (í∫ûªç™ ïJT, à time, day, year
I want to see a doctor = ؈’ Doctor †’ éπ©-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.
ûÁ©’-°æ-éπ-§Ú-ûË) †’ Ææ÷*-Ææ’hçC.
He wants to meet a doctor = Åûª†’ doctor †’ éπ©-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
2 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 12 -ï-†-´-J 2006
Ramana: Excuse me, how do I go from here
How do I go there/ get there please? ÅE
Livewell Hospital?
Livewell Hospital
(Ééπ\-úÕoç* èπ◊ ᙫ èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.
Can you/ Could you direct me/ guide me..
¢Á∞«x-©çúÕ?) É-ü¿çû√ éÌçîÁç §ƒçúÕûªuç, ´÷´‚©’conversa-
Strangers Åçõ‰ éÌûªh ¢√∞¡x†’ °æ©-éπ-Jç-îË-ô°æ¤p-úø’,
tion ™ ®√ü¿’.
Excuse me ņúøç good manners ´÷vûª¢Ë’
a) Nizam college
¢Ë’ç èπ◊ -á-™« ¢Á∞«x-©çúŒ?
é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¢√∞¡x ü¿%≠œdE ÇéπJ{ç-îª-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ How do we go to/ get to Nizam College,
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç. please?/
'Excuse me' ¢√úË Éûª®Ω Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’: Åúøfçí¬ Ö†o-
Could you tell us/ let us know how to go to/
¢√-∞¡x†’ é¬Ææh ûª°æ¤p-éÓ-´’-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’, éÌûªh ¢√∞¡x °æéπ\† to get to/ We can go to Nizam college,
restaurants ™, ÉçÈé-éπ\-úÁjØ√ èπÿ®Óa-¢√Lq please?
´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, etc.) b) What's the best way to get to Nizam college,
Raghu: I can manage. Thank you. I'll be back To the left/ right; on the left/ on the right.
Manohar: Are you a stranger here? in an hour and a half or two. Where Turn/ go verbs to the left/
please? ÅE èπÿ-ú≈ ņ-´îª’a. È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ™«çöÀ °æéπ\† Å®·ûË
(O’J-éπ\-úÕéÀ éÌûªh-¢√∞«x?) can I find you? to the rightÅçö«ç.
stranger = éÌûªh-¢√úø’
ü∆®Ω’-©’ -Öç--úø´-îªaE -¶µ«-Nç-*-†°æ¤p-úø’. Manage =
c) Bus áéπ\úøç. Get into the bus,
(؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-©-†’™‰. à °æØÁjØ√ äéπ ´uéÀh, É©’x ™«çöÀN -Öçúøôç Å®·ûË on the
Ramana: I am totally new to this place. îËÆæ’éÓ-í∫-©-í∫ôç. ؈’ í∫çô-†o®√, È®çúø’ right/ on the left
bus Cí∫úøç = get down from/ get off the bus. Åçö«ç.
(ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ °æ‹Jhí¬ éÌûªh) d) Ééπ\-úÕoç* bus/ auto ™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ. í∫çô-©éπ-™«x ´îËa-≤ƒh†’. -ØË-†’ -E-ØÁoéπ\-úø éπ©’- He is on my right.
Manohar: Where exactly do you want to go? Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©-†’ (-Å°æp-öÀéÀ -F-¢Áéπ\-úø’ç-ö«-´-E?)
Take a bus/ an auto. (Ø√ èπ◊úÕ -¢Áj°æ¤-Ø√oúø’).
Subash: Let's meet for lunch at Eatwell's. Food
(O’®Ω’ éπÈ®-é˙dí¬ áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«xL?) number bus
°∂晫-Ø√ ™/Çö™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ/ Auto The school is on the left of the shop.
Ramana: To Vantage Company somewhere is good there. Take bus no. 22A, get
BÆæ’éÓçúÕ. (Shop School
áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤ ÖçC)
around the Hospital. down at Samir plaza stop. Walk along
Take/ Get into bus no./ Take an auto. ÉN ü∆J îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ ¢√úË ´÷ô©’. ¶«í¬ practice
Hospital
(Ç Vantage
èπ◊ ü¿í∫_®Ω Ö†o for a few yards and there you find the
Train Take a train.
™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ = îËߪ’çúÕ.
Company eatery. I'll be waiting for you there.
(-´’-†ç
éÀ) Practise the following in English:
Manohar: Don't worry. A number of buses go to lunch eatwell
éÀ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç,
thatway: 125K, 15M, 62, etc. Take restaurant ™. Åéπ\úø food ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC. Tej: ´’Lxé˙ ÉçöÀéÀ ᙫ ¢Á∞¡xôç? Ééπ\-úÕoç* áçûª
15M; that takes you directly to the 22 A bus áèπ◊\,samir plaza stop ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿÷®Ωç?
Hospital. Facing the hospital is this
Vantage Company.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 96 CT éÌCl ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕÊÆh Ñ
(restaurant) éπ-E°œÆæ’hç-C.)
eatery Nikhil: Ŷs î√™« ü¿÷®Ωç. †’´¤y È®çúø’ bus ©’
´÷J ´’Sx é¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-¢√L.
bus
(àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√-™‰ü¿’. Åô’ ¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Á∞Ïx ©’
125K, 15M, 62..

How do I get there ?

î√™«ØË ÖØ√o®·.
15M Hospital
áéπ\çúÕ. ÅC A†oí¬ èπ◊
¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’çC.Hospital -áü¿’-®Ω’-í¬ØË
Vantage Company).
Ramana: (Do) you suggest I take an auto.
(Auto BÆæ’éÓ-´’ç-ö«®√? (Çö™ ¢Á∞¡x-
´’ç-ö«®√?) Éçé¬ É™« èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a. go by bus/ go by
Manohar: That'd be very expensive. Don't
Éü¿çû√ directions É´yôç í∫’-Jç-* éπü∆. Åçõ‰ Tej: †’´¤y BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-í∫-
auto/ go by train (Bus ™/ auto ™/ train ™ ü∆J îÁ°æpôç. expressions ¢√úÕ†N îª÷úøçúÕ;
worry. Buses on this route, especial- ©¢√?
ly 15M is very frequent.
¢Á∞¡xçúÕ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊.) O’®Ω÷ ¢√úÕ practice îËߪ’çúÕ: Nikhil: -Ñ®Ó-V ØË-†’ -î √-™«
(ÅC î√--™« áèπ◊\-´-´¤-ûª’çC. àç °∂æ®Ω-¢√- Å®·ûË ÅEoçöxéÀ simplest: Take. 1 a) walk down/ walk along/ walk up the road = busy í¬ ÖØ√o.
11.30 train ™ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ. Í®°æ¤- -Öü¿ßª’ç -Ç®Ω’ Road
™‰ü¿’. Ñ route ™ buses frequency ¢Áç•úË †úø-´çúÕ. ü¿÷®Ω-¢Ë’-í¬E É©’x
áèπ◊\¢Ë.) í∫ç-ô-©éπ-™«x Åéπ\úø Öçö«®Ω’ b) Turn to the left/
áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤/ èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω-í∫çúÕ= éπ†’éÓ\-´ôç ûËLÍé.
take the 11.30 train; you will be there by 6 to the right. take a turn to the left/ to
frequency = ûª®Ω, áEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x ®√´ôç ÅØËC ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Tej: éÌEo éÌçúø-í∫’-®Ω’h©’
Ramana: OK. Thank you. I see 15M coming. tomorrow morning. the right.
(at 6= by 6
îÁ°æ¤p. ؈’ éπ†’- M. SURESAN
I'll take it. ÇJç-öÀ-éÀ; = ÇJç-öÀ-éπ-™«x = ÇJç-öÀ-éÀ- ÅD é¬éπ-§ÚûË turn left/ turn right. èπ◊\çö«.
(15M í¬F Ç™-°æ™‰í¬F) c) A†oí¬ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ= go straight/ walk straight Nikhil: ü¿éÀ~ùç -¢Áj°æ¤ †úÕÊÆh Bus stop ´Ææ’hçC, éπü∆?
´≤ÚhçC. ؈-üÁ-èπ◊\-û√†’).
catch ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a– ¢Á∞¡Ÿx/- ¢Á-∞¡xçúÕ ÅØË
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ùçû√ ´’†èπ◊ éÌûªh v°æüË-¨¡ç™ ü∆J ûÁ©’- d) Ç post office ü∆é¬ †úø-´çúÕ: walk on upto the 13 ´ number bus áèπ◊\. Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 6 ´ stop
Å®ΩnçûÓ, é¬F ÅEoç-öÀ-éπçõ‰ take ÅØËC best.
Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç, ûÁL-ߪ’-E-¢√-JéÀ ü∆JîÁ°æpôç í∫’Jç* ÅE post office. ™ Cí∫’. -ü∆-E-E Gulab Restaurant Stop
ûÁ©’-Ææ÷hØË ÖçC éπü∆? Ç expressions îª÷ü∆lç Raghu: Is Ramesh's very far off/ a long way off
from here? e) Walk on upto the post office and then turn Åçö«®Ω’. Åéπ\úø 27 bus áèπ◊\. Urdu
É°æ¤púø’.
left. Post office ü∆é¬ †úÕ* áúø-´’--¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω-í∫çúÕ. School stop ü¿í∫_®Ω Cí∫’. Urdu School ü∆é¬
1) How do I go to Livewell Hospital? (®Ω¢Ë’≠ˇ ¢√∞¡x É©’x Ééπ\-úÕéÀ î√-™« ü¿÷®Ω´÷?) †úÕ*, Åçõ‰ ûª÷®Ω’p -¢Áj°æ¤, Åéπ\úÕoç* ü¿éÀ~ùç -
2) somewhere around 3) buses go that way Subash: (Do) you want to see him today? 2.
Cèπ◊\© Ê°®Ω’x Ææç-ü¿®√s¥-™x..
(É¢√∞¡ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o¢√ ÅûªEo?) a) ûª÷®Ω’pí¬ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ. Go east/ Walk to (towards) ¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. Åéπ\úø Fèπ◊ éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h–
4) Take the bus 15M 5) facing the Hospital £æ«†’-´÷Ø˛ ǩߪ’ç. Ç Ç©ßª’ç †’ç*
6) take an auto. Raghu: Yea, because I am leaving tomorrow. the east. ´‚úÓ É™‰x ´’†-¢√-úÕC.
°∂晫-Ø√ îÓöÀ-È陫 ¢Á∞«xL ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ simplest (Å´¤†’. ؈’ Í®°æ¤ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o†’ éπü∆?) b) à Cèπ◊\-¢Áj-°æØ√o, A®Ω-í∫ôç= Turn (to the) South/
Subash: Sorry I can't take you there today. Tej: áçûªÊÆ°æ¤ °æúø’-ûª’çC?-
expression: How do I go? north, etc. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Turn to the South =
simplest question. Let's go tomorrow. Nikhil: éπFÆæç 45 E-N’-≥ƒ-©’.
ÉC Åûªuçûª Ææ£æ«-ï-¢Á’i†, turn South.
could you let me know/ please tell
ÉC é¬éπ-§ÚûË, (É¢√∞¡ E-†o-éπ\-úÕéÀ BÆæ’Èé-∞¡x-™‰†’. Í®°æ¤ Answer:
c) Road ü¿éÀ~ùç -¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC= The road turns
me how to go/ how to get there? -¢Á-∞¡-ü∆-ç) Tej: How to go to/ how do I go to Malliks?/
Raghu: I'll be busy tomorrow. Just tell me how (to the) South
OöÀ Å®Ωnç Åéπ\-úÕ-È陫 ¢Á∞«x™ é¬Ææh îÁ•’-û√®√? ÅE Malliks place?
´’®√u-ü¿í¬ Åúø-í∫ôç. to get/ go there. I can go on my own. d) Road ´’©’°æ¤ A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC= The road takes a Nikhil: O, it's a long way off. You need to walk
busy
(Í®°æ¤ ؈’ î√-™« í¬ Öçö«†’. ᙫ bend. some distance after changing two
on my own
-v°æ-¨¡o: My
¢Á∞«x™ îÁ°æ¤p. ؈’ ¢Á∞¡x-í∫-©†’. e) Road ´’©’°æ¤ ü¿í∫_Í® Ç building= buses.
brother was come- -Å-ØË- = Ø√ Åçûªô ØËØË) The building is at the bend of the road= Tej: Can you take me there?
¢√éπuç -ûª°æ¤p -Å-Ø√o®Ω’. é¬-E VIth Subash: OK. Walk down the street. Turn to the You find the building (Fé¬ building éπE-°œ- Nikhil: I am very busy today. The place is dis-
form of verb -™ beform+pp - left and wait for Bus No. 4. It's quite tant but is easy to find.
Ææ’hçC) at the point where the road takes a
Å-E -îÁ-§ƒp®Ω’. -Ç -v°æ鬮Ωç -Ñ - frequent. Get off at Head Post Office Tej: Give me/ Let me have some land marks.
bend.
¢√éπuç éπÈ®Íéd éπ-ü∆! stop. Walk along in the direction as I'll manage.
– -á-Ø˛.°æ%-D∑y, ®√-V-§ƒ-™„ç the bus goes, turn to the right and
f) Road ™ Ö†o äéπîÓô’= a point. Nikhil: Walk South and you get the bus stop,
-ï-¢√-•’: then left. The fourth house on the right g) Ñ îÓöÀ†’ç* Åéπ\-úÕéÀ 2 éÀ.O’. don't you? Take bus no. 13. Get off / get
My brother was come- was come
Ééπ\úø was
†’ is Ramesh's. You can't miss it. Just It is 2 km from the point. down at the 6th stop from here. That is
+ past participle passive
ÅE BÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ Å°æ¤púø’ opposite the place is Golconda super ´’†ç directions îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h©’= the Gulab Restaurant stop. Catch Bus
voice Å´¤-ûª’çC– Å®Ωnç – Åûªúø’ ®√•-ú≈fúø’– DEéÀ market. land marks . no. 27 there. Get off at Urdu School
sentence street stop. Walk up to Urdu School, that is,
Å®Ωnç ™‰ü¿’, 鬕öÀd ÅC Å´ü¿’ éπü∆? ÅD (Ñ ¢Áç•úË †úø÷. áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. a) Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_J éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h
beform + pp - verb form, subject Bus Post Office stop walk (to the) east, and then turn South.
é¬èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúË -Ø√-©’íÓ -†ç-•®˝ áèπ◊\. the nearest land mark to the place.
verbs Bus There you have a land mark- Hanuman
b) Hyderabad central is a famous land mark
(Åçõ‰ á´-JE, üËEE ÅE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’èπ◊çõ‰ ü¿í∫_®Ω Cí∫’. ¢Á∞Ïx ¢ÁjÊ° é¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ*, èπ◊úÕ-
ï¢√•’ ´îËa verbs) èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Öçô’çC– ÉC road
¢Áj°æ¤ AJT ´’Sx áúø-´’--¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. Ç ™ Temple. The third from the temple is our
'Hyderabd Central' Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁL-Æœ† éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’h. friend's.
Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ Lessons explain
™ î˨»ç– you can't miss it
èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤ -Ø√-©’íÓ É™‰x ®Ω¢Ë’-≠ˇC.
c) How do I find your home? Any land mark? Tej: How long will it take?
îª÷úøçúÕ. Å®·ûË He is come/ He is gone- Ñ = ÅC éπ†-°æ-úø-éπ-§Ú-´ôç Åçô÷ Öçúøü¿’. áü¿’-®Ω’í¬
Nikhil: At least 45 minutes.
sentences correct, é¬F Åçûªí¬ ¢√úø®Ω’. super market
íÓ™Ô\çúø Öçô’çC. O’ É©’x ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÌ-ØË-üÁ™«? àüÁjØ√ éÌçúø í∫’®Ω’hçü∆?

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II
Ranjan: Hi Sajjan, what brings you here so
early in the day?
(àçöÀ, Éçûª °ç-ü¿-®√∞Ï É™« ´î√a´¤?)
Sajjan: Just to see you, Ranjan, long since we
met you know.
(Ç, E†’o îª÷úø-ö«-EÍé, ´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’èπ◊-E
-î√-™« ®ÓV-©-®·ç-C-éπü∆?)
Ranjan: That's right/ so it is, of course. What's
(what has) happened to you all these
days? You forgot me. Didn't you?
(éπÈ®Íéd™‰. ÉEo®ÓV-™‰-´’-ߪ÷u´¤ †’´¤y?/
à´’®·çC Fèπ◊? ††’o ´’Ja-§Ú-ߪ÷´¤,
éπü∆?)
Sajjan: I could say the same about you,
couldn't I?
(E†’o í∫’-Jç-* èπÿú≈ ؈üË Å†-´îª’a éπü∆?)
Ranjan: Ok, Ok, let's not quarrel. Happy we've
met atleast now, aren't we?
(ÆæÍ®x, íÌ-úø-¢Ì-ü¿’l. É°æpöÀÈéjØ√ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oç-
ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æç éπü∆?)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 97
Need not walk further
Sajjan: You can very well say that. How about
disturbing Bhushan now?
(†’´y-ØËC correct. Bhushan ¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ
¢Á∞«l´÷?)
you can say that/ you can very well say that
= †’´y-ØËC correct.
Disturbing Bhushan Åç-õ‰ – ¢√Rxç-öÀéÀ ¢Á∞«l´÷?
ÅØË é¬F ÅûªEo trouble îËߪ’-ö«-E-éπE é¬ü¿’)
Ranjan: (I) Like to, but I'm not for going so far
off now?
(É≠æd¢Ë’ é¬E, -É°æ¤p-úø’ Åçûªü¿÷®Ωç ´îËa °æJ-Æœn-
A™ ™‰†’)
Sajjan: far off? His place is/ He lives close
by, doesn't he?
(ü¿÷®Ωç Åçô’-Ø√o-¢ËçöÀ? Ééπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_Í® éπü∆
¢√Rx-©’x?/-É-éπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_®Ω™ØË Öçö«úø’ éπü∆?)
Ranjan: That was till 2 months ago. He moved
to surendranagar.
(Å-C È®ç-úø’-ØÁ-©-© éÀç-ü¿-öÀ Ææçí∫-A. -¢√-úø’
Surendra nagar èπ◊ É©’x ´÷®√-úø’.)
-É-©’x -´÷®Ωôç-= move; shift Åçûª- Ææ-J-é¬ü¿’.
Å™«Íí 2 months ago, correct, 2 months
back ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’)
Sajjan: That's news. The fellow didn't even call
to tell me of it. I wish to see him urgent-
ly about something important. How do
I go to him?
(ÅC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ-L-ߪ’ü¿’. ¢√úø’ Ç N≠æߪ’ç
phone îËÆæ-®·Ø√ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.¢√ùÀo-°æ¤púø’ ´·êu-
¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç í∫’-Jç-* éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L. ᙫ?)
Ranjan: I'll tell you. Listen carefully. You have a
bike, haven't you. Drive straight along
the road. At the next cross roads, turn
left. Take the third right turn again.
(îÁÊ°pC ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ N†’. F bike
road Drive =
éπü∆?Ñ ¢Áç•úË ¢Á∞¡Ÿx. (
Motor ¢√£æ«-†ç™ ¢Á∞¡xôç.) Ç ûª®√yûª ´îËa
Centre ™ áúø´’-¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. ´’Sx ´‚úÓ-
èπ◊úÕ- ¢Áj°æ¤ -BÆæ’éÓ)
Sajjan: You are confusing me. Why don't you
come along too.
confuse
(†’´¤y ††’o îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤. †’-´‹y-
®√-èπÿ-úøü∆?
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Ranjan: Ok, I'll give you another route. Drive
along, take the 3rd right, proceed till
you see a Ganesh temple with a large
neem tree behind it. Go on further
along. Then turn left. You find the
sales Tax Office there. You can't miss
it because in front of it there is an STD
booth. The 2nd house from it is
Bhushan's. So, distant perhaps, but
easy to locate, isn't it?
(ÉçéÓ route îÁ§ƒh. É™« ¢Á∞¡Ÿx, ´‚úÓ- èπ◊úÕ
road -¢Áj°æ¤ A®Ω’í∫’. Å™«Íí ¢Á∞¡Ÿx í∫ù‰¨»-©-ߪ’ç
´®Ωèπ◊. ǩߪ’ç ¢Á†’éπ °ü¿l ¢Ë°æ îÁô’dç-
ô’çC. Éçé¬Ææh ü¿÷®Ωç-¢Á∞¡Ÿx, áúø-´’ -¢Áj°æ¤
A®Ω’í∫’. Åéπ\úø sales tax office Öçô’çC.
ÅC miss Å´-™‰´¤ †’´¤y. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ ü∆E
´·çüË ã STD booth Öç-C. Åéπ\-úÕ-Eç-*
È®çúÓ É™‰x Bhushan C.)
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ ™«Íí Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù èπÿú≈ ü∆J
Åúø-í∫-ö«-EéÃ, ü∆J îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†
Ææ綵«-≠æù‰ éπü∆?
Ééπ\úø ´÷ô©’ îª÷ü∆lç: cross roads, behind,
in front of, proceed, go further along.
1) Cross Roads/ road junction =
Ø√©’í∫’ ®Óúøx
X roads
-èπÿ-úøL = DEo ÅE -èπÿú≈ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’.
áèπ◊\´í¬ center ÅF, î¯é˙ ÅF- Åçô’çö«ç.
chowk £œ«çD- ´÷ô. center ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
2) behind = ¢Á†éπ. DE •ü¿’©’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ î√-™«-
´’çC backside/ at the back side Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’.
é¬E english ™ backside = buttocks
(°œ®Ω’-ü¿’©’). Åçûªí¬ back ¢√ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, at the
back of Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.
a) The car is behind/ at back of the bus.
(At the backside of the bus é¬ü¿’.)
3) In front of =
´·ç-ü¿’ -Å-E ( space Ææç-ü¿®Ωs¥ç-™).
ÉC behind/ at the back of èπ◊ opposite.
•ü¿’©’ èπÿú≈ before áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-ûª’çö«ç.
Before Time
Åçõ‰ '´·çü¿’— ÅØË Å®Ωnç, é¬E ÅC
™ ´·çü¿’ ÅE space ™ é¬ü¿’. Å®·ûË The
School comes before the cloth shop -
Ééπ\úø
Correct, à Å®ΩnçûÓ? Ç cloth shop èπ◊ É´-ûª™‰
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ÅçûËé¬F äéπ building èπ◊ ´·çü¿®Ω
ÅE é¬ü¿’.
a) ´÷ ÉçöÀ´·ç-ü¿’ -ã éÌ•sJ-îÁ-ô’dçC. There is a
Coconut tree in front of our home.
b)¢√∞¡x É©’xPost Office Their place
É´-ûª™‰ =
is/ comes before the post office.
4) Beside = The Collectorate is beside
°æéπ\† –
the swaraj Maidan. (Ææy®√ñ¸ ¢Á’iü∆Ø˛ °æéπ\ØË
Collectorate = Collector's office. Collector,
director, Commissioner, etc, 'ate' èπ◊ îËJÊÆh ¢√∞¡x
鬮√u-©-ߪ÷-©ØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC).
a) The Cloth shop is beside the Post Office -
Å®·ûË beside 'next to' better,
éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈
áèπ◊\´.
b) The cloth shop is next to the jewellery on
ÖçC,
the left of/ on the right of it = shop
Ç †í∫©
shop,
°æéπ\ØË Ç •ôd© èπ◊úÕ -¢Áj°æ¤/-á-úø´’ ¢Áj°æ¤
(Beside, besides. beside = by the side of =
°æéπ\†– ´’†ç Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ °æéπ\† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
¢√úÕ-†-´÷ô.
Besides = also, èπÿú≈, ü∆E-ûÓ-§ƒô’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
I lost my pen besides my book. Book ûÓ §ƒô’
pen èπÿú≈ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊Ø√o)
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
5) Close by = near by = close to = near =
(Åéπ\-úÕéÀ) ü¿í∫_-®Ω™, Ç ü¿J-ü∆-°æ¤™x
a) You know the collectorate, don't you? The
electricity office is close by/ nearby/ close
to it/ near it =Fèπ◊ collectorate ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆?
( Collector, Director, Commissioner
°æü∆-©èπ◊' - ate'
îËJÊÆh ¢√J 鬮√u-©-ߪ÷-©ØË Å®Ωnç
´Ææ’hçC.) Ç electricity office ü∆EéÀ ü¿í∫_Í®.
6) Proceed = Å™«Íí ¢Á∞¡xôç/ -¢Á-∞¡x-ôç.
a) Ñ road ¢Áç•õ‰ A†oí¬ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ
proceed straight along this road.
b) Proceed to the east = ûª÷®Ω’p -¢Áj°æ¤ ¢Á∞¡xçúÕ
c) If you proceed for a KM, you will see the
place = Å™«Íí ã éÀ-™-O’-ô®Ω’ ü¿÷®Ωç ¢Á∞Ïh Ç
îÓô’ O’èπ◊ éπE°œ-Ææ’hçC.
7) farther, further: farther,
far èπ◊ Comparative;
far: ü¿÷®Ωç.
i) farther: áèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç.
Mumbai is farther
from Vijayawada,
than from
Hyderabad. M. SURESAN
´·ç¶„j £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛
éπç-õ‰ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø- †’ç* áèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç.
ii) further: Éçé¬. I can't walk any further:
ÉçÈé-èπ◊\´ ü¿÷®Ωç (Éçéπ) ؈’ †úø-´-™‰†’.
(Ééπ\úø farther= further éπü∆?)
DE
b) Don't talk any further: ÉçÍéç ´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊.
c) Walk further (farther) along:
Å™«Íí Éçé¬ †úø-´çúÕ.
d) Go further down the street:
Çroad ¢Áç•úÕ Éçé¬-ü¿÷®Ωç †úø-´çúÕ.
e) You need not walk further than the statue
Ç Nví∫£æ«ç ü∆öÀ †úø-´-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
Lesson No 96 ´÷ô©÷, Ñ Lesson ´÷ô©÷,
ü∆J ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ôç™, Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ü∆J îÁ°æp-ôç™
¢√úøôç Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ--üµ∆®Ωùç. O’ conversation ™
Practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
-v°æ-¨¡o: Main verbs (tell, drinks), -¢√-öÀéÀ -´·ç-ü¿’-´-îËa
helping verbs (do, did) tenses
-©’- -¢ËÍ®y®Ω’
(present tense, past tense)
-™ -Ö-†o°æp-öÀéÃ
È®ç-úÕç-öÀ- Å®Ωnç -äéπ\-õ‰-Ø√?
eg. I didn't tell, I never told
I might tell, I might have told
I did not tell, I have not told.
– Èé.-A®Ω’°æ-A, ®√-´÷-ߪ’çÊ°-ô
-ï-¢√-•’:
Helping verbs helping verb
¢√úËîÓôx,
main verbs tense, helping verb tense
Öçô’çC.
eg: He does not know this:
Ééπ\úø'does' present tense verb
鬕öÀd,
'does know' present tense.
I did not tell him - 'did' past tense; so verb
did tell- past tense.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 14 -ï-†-´-J 2006
Now Practise the following aloud in English:
Pavan: Arjun, O’ ÉçöÀéÀ -dž’-èπ◊†o Building àçöÀ?
Arjun: Net Centre
Ææçí∫û√ -†’-´y-úÕ-ÍíC?
Pavan: Net Centre O’ ÉçöÀéÀ èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤. ؈-úÕ-ÍíC
™«çöÀ áúø´’ -¢Áj°æ¤ Building Ææçí∫A.
Arjun: ÅC Telephone Engineering Company
¢√∞¡xC. ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ á°æ¤púø÷ •ßª’ô °æE áèπ◊\´.
Åçü¿’-éπE ü∆ü∆°æ¤ á°æ¤púø÷ ´‚ÊÆ Öçô’çC.
Pavan: -Ç -ã-†®˝ -áéπ\-úø’ç-ö«-úø’?
Arjun: Çߪ’-†’çúËC X®√ç-†-í∫-®˝™ . †’Ny-éπ\-úÕoç*
¢Á∞«x-©çõ‰ ûÌN’t-üÓ-†ç-•®˝ Bus áèπ◊\.
Pavan: Ø√èπ◊ bike ÖçC.
Arjun: Ñ ®Óú˛ ¢Áç•úË ¢ÁRx, èπ◊úÕ-¢Áj°æ¤ AJ-TûË éÌçûª-
ü¿÷®Ωç ûª®√yûª §ƒ© booth éπ-E°œÆæ’hç-C. ü∆E
¢Á†-éπØË Çߪ’-E©’x. Çߪ’EçöÀ °æéπ\ building
†’ Åü∆l© ¢Ë’úø Åçö«®Ω’. Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ü¿í∫_Í® ´’†
Maths lecturer É©’x.
Pavan: OK Thank you.
Answer:
Pavan: Arjun, What's in the building beside/
next to yours?
Arjun: Are you talking of the Net Centre?
Pavan: The Net Centre is on the right of your
place. I am asking you about the build-
ing on the left of your place.
Arjun: That belongs to a Telephone
Engineering Company. Most of their
work is outdoors (•ßª’ô). That's why it
is almost (ü∆ü∆°æ¤) always closed.
Pavan: Where does the owner live? Do you
know?
Arjun: He lives in Sriram Nagar. If you are
going from here take bus No.9
Pavan: I have my bike.
Arjun: Drive along this road, turn right and go
on for some distance; you find a milk
booth. The house behind it is his. The
building next to his is called Addala
meda. Our Maths lecturer's place is
closeby.
Pavan: OK. Thank you.
I didn't tell him= ؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’
I never told him = -
؈-ûª-E-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.
(never = á°æ¤púø÷ ™‰ü¿’/ é¬ü¿’)
I might tell him:
؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°æp-´îª’a (îÁ§ƒh-ØË¢Á÷)– (future)
I might have told him =
؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°œp Öçúø-´îª’a (îÁ§ƒp-ØË¢Á÷– past)
îª÷úøçúÕ: 'tell' ûª®√yûª á´-JûÓ îÁ°œpçC èπÿú≈
ûª®√yA îÁ§ƒpL. 'say' and 'tell' èπ◊ ûËú≈ -É-C-´®Ω-™
†’•õ‰d
N´-Jç-î√ç.
I did not tell him =
time,
؈-ûª-EéÀ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ (í∫ûªç™, Åçõ‰ á°æ¤púø’
ÅE îÁ°æpúøç ïJ-TûË– äéπ time, date, year,
week, etc)
I have not told him = ØËEçûª´®Ωèπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.
iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 17 -ï-†-´-J 2006
Varun: Hi Tarun, Congrats on scoring a hun- Tarun: I want to do a PG course in IISC,
dred percent in Maths. Bangalore.
(†÷öÀéÀ †÷®Ω’ ´÷®Ω’\©’ Maths ™ ´*a-†ç- (ÉüÁjçûªª®√yûª Bangalore ™ IISC îË®√-©E)
ü¿’èπ◊ congratulations. Cent percent PG course= Post graduate. (MA, M.Sc
É°æ¤púø’ §ƒûª-•úÕ §Ú®·çC. A / One hun- ™«çöÀ Master courses †’ PG courses
dred percent ÅØËC É°æp-öÀ- ¢√-úø’éπ.) Åçö«®Ω’. BA, B.Sc, ™«çöÀ B ûÓ Courses=
Tarun: Thank you. Congrats to you too. You Bachelor/ degree/ graduate courses
scored the highest in English, didn't Åçö«ç. Post = ûª®√y-ûª. Post graduate =
you? graduate ûª®√y-ûª.
(Fèπÿ Congrats. Fèπ◊ English ™ Åçü¿-J- Varun: That's a good idea. You are good at
éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\©’ ´î√a®· éπü∆?) Sciences. Shankar: May I Know what you are?
b) ؈’ Ñ -àú≈C *´®Ω Inter exams ®√ߪ’-¶-ûª’-
Varun: I am happy about it. My marks in Maths (Fèπ◊ Sciences ¶«í¬ ´Ææ’hç-C é¬-•-öÀd ÅC (O’Í®ç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ó ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´-î√a?/ Ø√o†’
aren't bad either, though didn't get a ´’ç* idea ØË.) O’Í®ç îËÆæ’hç-ö«®Ω’?) (I am taking/ will take the Inter exams at the
hundred percent. When I joined the Dinakar: I am a student
Tarun: I think the time has come for us to apply end of this year/ I am sitting the Inter exams
course a few months I was not that con- Shankar: Studying...?
for the entrance exams of these cours- at the end of this year/ I sit the exam.
fident about Maths. My hard work has Appear for an exam - expression
es which are usually in December every (àç îªü¿’´¤ûª’Ø√o®Ω’) Ñ É°æ¤p-úøçûª
paid off. The marks in this exam have
year. Dinakar: I am doing my II year Inter/ I am at ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’.
given me confidence. í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ: °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ a) give
(´’†ç Ñ entrance exams – v°æ¢Ë-¨¡-°æ-K-éπ~- college in the degree course/ I am in
(Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æç-í¬ØË ÖçC. Maths ™ èπÿú≈ an exam, b) write an exam ÅE î√-™« ´’çC
©èπ◊ apply îËߪ÷-Lq† time ´*aç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«. the 10th Class/ I am doing my X
Ø√èπ◊ ´’ç* Marks ´î√a®· †÷öÀ-éÀ -†÷®Ω’ Åçô’ç-ö«®Ω’ – OöÀ™x àC-èπÿú≈ correct é¬ü¿’.
鬧Ú-®·Ø√. course ™ join Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬ Ñ entrance exams ÅFo class.
(say either, 'Take an exam' or 'sit an exam'.)
Åçûª- †-´’téπç ™‰ü¿’ Maths N≠æ-ߪ’ç™. Ñ èπÿú≈ December ™ Öçö«®·.) 2 a) School/ College ™ îË®Ωôç= Join a School/ Å™«Íí am appearing/ is appearing/ are
exam ™ marks Ø√™ †´’téπç éπ-L-Tç-î √®·. college - join in é¬ü¿’. appearing for an exam èπÿú≈ ûªÊ°p. É™«çöÀ
Aren't bad either = ÅC èπÿú≈ -îÁúËç é¬ü¿’ b) äéπ course îªü¿-´ôç = studying a course. îÓôxçû√ taking ¢√úÕûË ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çC.
¶«í¬ØË ´*açC. English ™ not ûÓ also ®√ü¿’. äéÓ\-°æ¤púø’ taking a course. Éçé¬ Do an exam ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a.
either ´Ææ’hçC. Confidence = †´’téπç; paid
off= ´’ç* îËÆ œçC/ ™«¶µºç éπL-Tç-*çC.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 98 c) She is taking a course in Software She is going her final year B.Tech exam at
the end of this year.
Software course îªü¿’-´¤-ûÓçC.
Tarun: How come you joined this college, when
you have so many colleges in your
place?
O’ Ü∞x á-ØÓo College ©’ -Öçúøí¬, Ééπ\úø
-áç-ü¿’èπ◊ join Åߪ÷u--´¤?
How come= áçü¿’èπ◊, purely conversational
expression. O’ conversation ™ ûª®Ω-í¬
I am taking the exams
¢√úøçúÕ: Varun: Yesterday's papers carried the ads 3 a) She is taking lessons in music/ dance, etc:
about the entrance exams. The last
Ç¢Á’ Ñ Ææç´-ûªq-®Ωç™
How come you are here? = -àçöÀ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√o¢˛? Music, dance ™ Péπ~ù §Òçü¿’-ûÓçC/ ØË®Ω’a-éÌç- B.tech *´J Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç
How come you don't know this? date for sending in the filled in applica- öçC = She is learning music/ dance =
FéÀC ûÁ-L-ߪ’éπ-§Ú-´ôç àçöÀ? tions is the 12th of next month. She is doing taking a course in music/
°æKéπ~ ®√Ææ’hçC.
(E†oöÀ papers ™ Ñ v°æ¢Ë¨¡ °æK-éπ~© ads 8 °æK-éπ~™x ´÷®Ω’\©’ ûÁa-
Varun: Dad wasn't happy with any of those col- dance.
leges, so he admitted me into / to this ´î√a®·. °æ‹-Jh-îËÆœ-† applications °æ秃-Lq† ÅC í∫ûªç™ Å®·ûË took, learned, etc ¢√úøû√ç. éÓ-´ôç get/ score/
secure. OöÀ™ x secure
college. *´--J-ûËC ´îËa ØÁ© 12) b) I want to take this software course
(´÷ Ø√†oéπ¢Ë-O’ †îªa-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE Ééπ\úø Tarun: Then we had better get ready. Ok, then, ØËFsoftware course îªü¿-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. éÌClí¬ §ƒçúÕûªuç – ¢√úø- M. SURESAN
îËJpç-î√®Ω’.) see you. 4 i) ¶«í¬ îªü¿-´ôç= éπ-§Ú-´ôç ´’ç*C.
(Å®·ûË ´’†ç ready Å´ôç ´’ç*C. -´’-S} study well/ do well at studies. Rama Rao: How much/ How many marks did
Tarun: Where did you do your schooling?
(†’´¤y à School ™ îªü¿’-´¤-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?) éπ©’Ææ’èπ◊çü∆ç) a) 'How is he studying?/ Is he good at studies? you get/ score in last week's
Varun: Upto the 7th Class in Teachwell School Varun: Bye. 'O, he is doing very well at studies/ He is exam?
and from the 8h to the 10th in Learnwell Students, Studies, courses èπ◊ Ææç-•ç-Cµç-*-† studying very well; he is hardworking.' (éÀç-ü¿-öÀ-¢√®Ωç °æK-éπ~™  áçûª/ -áEo
School. Ææ綵«-≠æù éπü∆ ÉC? éÌEo expressions (éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ îªü¿-´ôç) ´÷®Ω’\©’ -ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√o´¤?/ ´î√a®·
(7´ class ´®Ωèπ◊ Teachwell School ™, 8th °æJ-Q-Lü∆lç. ii) ¶«í¬ îªü¿-´ôç = be good at studies, clever/ Fèπ◊?)
†’ç* 10th ´®Ωèπ◊ Learnwell School ™) bright at studies (¶«í¬, ûÁL-Ní¬ îªü¿’-´¤-û√®Ω’.) Bharadwaj: Dad, I can't say I got/ scored very
students ņ-í¬ØË marks, pass, fail, score
Tarun: How do you like being a hosteller? b) She is good at maths, but rather poor at high marks.
É™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’, fees, study, ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ Physics = -Ç -Å-´÷t®·éÀ ™„éπ\©’ ¶«í¬ØË -´-a, é¬F
(Hostel ™ Öçúøôç ᙫ -ÖçC Fèπ◊?) í∫’®Ìh-≤ƒh-®·-éπü∆? î√-™« simple í¬, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ÖçúË (--´÷®Ω’\-©’ ¶«í¬ ûÁa-èπ◊-†o-ô’d/- ´-*a-
Physics poor.
™ é¬Ææh
Hosteller = resident = Hostel ™ ÖçúÕ ´÷ô© B®Ω’ É™« Öçô’çC. †ô’d îÁ°æp-™‰†’)
5 Class college
èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω-´ôç/ éÀ £æ…ï-®Ω-´ôç
îªü¿’´¤èπ◊ØË¢√úø’. Being= Öçúøôç, Being a 1 a) †’¢Áy-éπ\úø îªü¿’´¤ûª’Ø√o´¤? Rama Rao: Why isn't your score high? Why
attend class (es)/ attend college.
hosteller = Hosteller í¬ Öçúøôç. Where are you studying?/ Which School/ aren't your marks high?
6 Poor at studies = dull at studies.
Varun: O, I do like it. That's a kind of experi- College are you studying in?/ Which School/ (áèπ◊\´ marks áçü¿’èπ◊ ûÁa-éÓ-™‰-ü¿’/-
°æKéπ~ = 7 exam (examination ´·êuçí¬ ®√ûª-™ØË
ence. Valuable in its own way. The only College are you a student of? ®√-™‰ü¿’?)
¢√úø-û√®Ω’. ´÷ö«x-úË-ô°æ¤púø’ exam
¢√úøôç Ææ••’);
problem is food. Where did you do OR
b) F¢Ë class? = what class are you in?/ Which exam
èπÿ, test
èπÿ ûËú≈:
Intermediate? Why Couldn't you score high?
class are you studying? what class are you a) exam:
äéπ Nü∆u-®Ω|ûª (qualification) - X class
(Ø√éÀ≠d¢æ Ë’. ÅüÓ Å†’-¶µº-´ç–- ü∆E N©’´ ü∆E- doing? Inter, B.Tech, Msc
™«çöÀ certificates
é¬F, Why couldn't you get high marks?
èπ◊çC. (valuable= N©’-¢Áj†) ǣ慮Ωç äéπõ‰ OöÀéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-Ø√©’. Iam studying in... School/ degrees
é¬F §Òçü¿-ö«-EéÀ Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ´·êu-¢Á’i† (áçü¿’èπ◊ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ûÁa-éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷¢˛?)
Ææ´’Ææu. †’-´¤y -Éç-ô®˝ áéπ\úø îªC-¢√´¤?) College. I am in the I year Inter/ II year °æKéπ~. OR
Tarun: Here itself. Why didn't you go for b) Test: ã exam èπ◊ •ü¿’©’í¬í¬F, Åü¿-†çí¬í¬F Why did you score low? Why did
degree, etc. Studying •ü¿’©’, doing áèπ◊\´
Engineering after Inter? Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ à subject áçûª´®Ωèπ◊ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊- you get such low marks.
(Ééπ\úË. †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Engineering îË®Ω-™‰ü¿’?) ¢√u´-£æ…-Jéπç.
a) ؈’ I year Engineering îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’
Ø√o®Ω ’, áçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ¢√∞¡xé¬ subject ´îª’a ÅE E®Ωg- (Åçûª- ûª-èπ◊\-¢Áç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûÁa-èπ◊-Ø√o-´¤/ -
Ééπ\úË Å†-ö«-EéÀ Here only ÅE Åçô’çö«ç – ®·ç- î ª-ö«-EéÀ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË °æKéπ~ test. Test Æ洒ߪ’ç, Åçûª ûªèπ◊\´ Marks ᙫ ´î√aß˝’?)
I am doing my I year Engineering.
Éü¿çûª ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’– Here itself ÆæÈ®j† expression. exam Æ洒ߪ’ç éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\¢Ë Öçúø-´îª’a. Ææçü¿- Éçûª-éπçõ‰ ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† Marks ûÁa-éÓ-™‰-éπ-
b) Which year of medicine are you in? are
Varun: I am not interested. Moreover I want to ®√s¥Eo •öÀd test ™ marks èπ◊ Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª™ Åçûª-
you studying/ which year? §Ú-ߪ÷¢Ëç?
be an MBA. Why didn't you? ´·-êuçí¬ í∫’Jhç-°æ¤ -Öç-úø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a.
(ÉC Éçûªèπ◊´·çüË medicine ÅE ûÁLÊÆh)/ Why could n't you score better?/
(Ø√èπ◊ interest
™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ Ø√èπ◊ 8 °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç: Take an exam/ sit an exam.
Which year are you doing? Why couldn't you get better marks
MBA Å¢√-©E -Öç-C. ´’J †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ a) ؈’ Í®°æ¤ °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o†’
Medicine à Ææç´-ûªq®Ωç îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? than this?.
Engineering îË®Ω-™‰ü¿’?) I am taking an exam tomorrow.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII
Neeraj: Hi Suraj, ages since we met; what's
wrong?
(´’†ç éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E î√-™« ®ÓV-©-®·çC. àçöÀ
鬮Ωùç?)
Suraj: I was very busy till yesterday with my
exams. Thank God, its all over. What a
relief! No more exam nerves
(E†oöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ exams ´©x î√-™« busy í¬
ÖØ√o. Å´’tߪ’u Å®·-§Ú-ߪ÷®·. áçûª

exam nerves = °æK-éπ~-©çõ‰ éÌçûª-´’çCéÀ -Öç-úË
£æ…®·í¬ ÖçüÓ! °æK-éπ~© -¶-„ü¿’®Ω’ Ééπ-™‰ü¿’.)
Relief = (°ü¿l •®Ω’´¤ ØÁAh O’ü¿ †’ç* Cç*-†ô’d)
Núø’-ü¿©. exam nerves °æK-éπ~-©çõ‰ -¶„ü¿’®Ω’)
Neeraj: Happy to hear that. How did you do in
the exams?

How did you do in the exam?
(ÆæçûÓ≠æç! ᙫ ®√¨»´¤ exams?)
Suraj: Well, I hope (¶«í¬ØË ÅE ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’)
Neeraj: What were your marks in the earlier
exams?
(Åçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ exams ™ marks ᙫ-
´-î√a®·?)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 99
How did you do in the exam?
Suraj: In most of them just above sixty per-
cent. In one or two others I scored quite
high - above 90%
(î√-™«¢√öÀ™x 60] éπçõ‰ éÌClí¬ áèπ◊\´.
äéπöÀ È®çúø’ papers ™ ´÷vûªç 90% éπçõ‰
áèπ◊\´ -´÷®Ω’\-©’ ´-î√a®·.)
Neeraj: Why just above 60% in most of the
papers? Weren't you saying you had
done well in all the exams?
(î√-™«-¢√öÀ™x 60] éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ´÷vûª¢Ë’
áçü¿’-éÌ-*açC? î√™« ¶«í¬ ®√¨»-†E Åçô’ç-
úË-¢√-úÕN éπü∆?)
Suraj: I thought so, but when I saw the marks
I understood I had fared badly in them.
One can never be sure in these mat-
ters, you know?
marks
(ØË-†÷ Å™«ØË Å†’-èπ◊Ø√o, îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púË
ÆæJí¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰-ü¿E Å®Ωn-´’-®·çC. Å®·Ø√ Éô’-
´çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x á´®Ω÷ à-D í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰®Ω’,
éπü∆)
Neeraj: What about your performance this
time?
(Ñ≤ƒJ ᙫ ®√¨»´¤?/´’J Ñ≤ƒJ Ææçí∫A?)
Suraj: I think I fared very well. I am satisfied
with my performance.
(¶«í¬ ®√¨»-†ØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Ø√èπ◊ ûª%°œh-
í¬ØË ÖçC)
Neeraj: Well, wish you all the best. How about
a movie this evening then?
(≤ƒßª’çvûªç ÆœE-´÷-Èé-∞«l´÷?)
Suraj: That's be a real pleasure.
(ã, ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ¢√úÕ† expressions í∫´’-Eç-
îªçúÕ. É´Fo èπÿú≈ exams èπÿ, studies èπÿ
Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†¢Ë – OöÀ™ ´’†ç ¢√ú≈-Lq† Ææçü¿-
®√s¥©’ î√™« áèπ◊\-´í¬ Öçö«®·. 鬕öÀd, Å´-鬨¡ç
´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x ¢√úÕ, practice îËߪ’çúÕ.

Busy with exams
exam nerves
How
did you do in the exam?
I did well
What
were your marks?
above 60% above 90%

you had done well
I had fared badly

..your performance this time?

a)Busy with exams, busy preparing for
exams, busy studying for exams - Oô-Eo-öÀéÃ
exams
Å®Ωnç, ûÓ ûª©-´·-†-éπ-©’í¬ (BJé𠙉èπ◊çú≈)
Öçúøôç- – ´·êuçí¬exams èπ◊ îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷.
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ í∫’®Ω’¢√®Ωç 19 -ï-†-´-J 2006
b) exams ®√Ææ÷hç-úøôç ´©x BJé𠙉éπ-§Úôç –
busy taking/ attending exams (Busy writ-
ing exams
´÷vûªç-é¬ü¿’, english writing ™
an exam/ exams ÅØË ´÷ô ™‰ ü ¿’ – éÀç-ü¿-öÀ
™ lesson
ûÁ © ’- Æ æ ’ - è π ◊ Ø√oç í∫ ü ∆?)
c) exams
´îËaÆæ’hØ√o®· = exams are fast
approaching = exams ÆæO’-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o®· =
(Approach -
Åv§Úî˝ – v§Ú ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç =
Ææ O ’- ° œ ç - î ª ô ç = ü¿ í ∫ _ - ® Ω è π ◊ ®√´úø ç/ ¢Á∞¡xúøç)
¶„ü¿’®Ω’, éπçí¬®Ω’, °æK-éπ~-© -¶µºßª’ç. Vinod: You know, Vikas topped the school Meghana: I'm surprised. She usually does very
°æK-éπ~© ¶µºßª’ç †’ç* •ßª’-ô-•-úøôç– get over
with his one hundred percent each in well. She never scored below 85%
exam nerves, get over = ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îªôç.
Maths and Science. in the previous exams.
exam ᙫ ®√¨»-´¤? – ÉC ´·êuçí¬ í∫´’-Eç-î √L
(Ææ÷\™x Åçü¿-J-éπØ√o áèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\©’ (Eïçí¬ Ç¨¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçüË, §ƒ°æç. ´·†’-
Maths Science ™ 100]) °æöÀ (previous - v°œN-ߪ’Æˇ) °æK-éπ~™x
´’†ç – english ™ ᙫ ®√¨»´¤ exam ņ-ú≈-EéÀ Pramod: That's brilliant/ really brilliant.
á°æ¤púø÷ 85]èπ◊ ûªí∫_-™‰ü¿’.)
'write' ü∆E Éûª®Ω forms ®√ØË-®√´¤. î√-™« ûª®Ω-í¬
¢√úË ´÷ô, 'do' ü∆E Éûª®Ω forms (î√™« íÌ°æp-í¬/- E-ïçí¬ íÌ°æpí¬ ÖçC, É™«çöÀîÓôx less than 85% -Åç-ô÷ ≤ƒ-üµ∆®Ω-ùçí¬
a) ؈’ E†o °æK-éπ~©’ ¶«í¬ ®√¨»†’
Åûª-úø’ °æKéπ~ ®√Æœ† B®Ω’) ¢√úË-C– -Åç-ûª-Ææ-J-é¬ü¿’)
Vinod: Every teacher likes him for his per- Exam fail Å´ôç, pass Å´ôç = He/ she
I did well in the exam yesterday.
formance in the exams. failed the exam/ passed the exam.
b) ؈ç-ûª-Ææ-Jí¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰ü¿’
teachers
(°æK-éπ~-™x -Å-ûª-úÕ B®Ω’-´©x -Åç-ü¿-Jéà ÉO exams èπÿ, marks èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ´÷ô©’:
I didn't do so well/ I haven't done so well
(Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd) Åûª-†çõ‰ É≠ædç.) Now practise the following in English:
äéπ N≠æߪ’ç: do, fare, perform - -Ñ -´‚-úÕç-öÀ-E-
c) ؈-†’-èπ◊-†o ü∆E-éπØ√o ¶«í¬ ®√¨»†’ Subodh: Hi Pranav, exams èπ◊ ᙫ prepare
I did much better than I had expected.
Íé-´-©ç °æKéπ~© N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ äéπJ ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?
•ßª’-ô-°æúË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©-Eoç-öÀ-™†÷ ¢√úøû√ç. Pranav: °æK-éπ~-©çõ‰ Ø√Èé-°æ¤púø÷ ¶„ü¿’Í®, Å®·-§Ú-ßË’çûª
´®Ωèπ◊.
Subodh: é¬-F FÈé-°æ¤púø÷ ´’ç* marks ´≤ƒh-®·-
éπü∆?
Pranav: Ø√èπ◊ ´’ç* marks ´≤ƒh®·, é¬F Éçé¬
áèπ◊\´ marks ûÁa-éÓ-¢√-©E -Ø√ éÓJéπ.
Subodh: á´-J-èπ◊ç-úøü¿’ Ç éÓJéπ?
Pranav: O’ class ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ °æK-éπ~-™„-°æ¤púø’?
a) How is YSR doing/
d) ÅûªØËç ¶«í¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰-ü¿’ Subodh: E†oØË Å®·-§Ú-ߪ÷®·.
faring/ performing
He didn't do well at all. Pranav: ᙫ ®√¨»´¤ †’´¤y?
as the CM?
e) Åûª†’ paper îÁúÕ-Ê°-¨»úø’ Subodh: ¶«í¬ØË ®√¨»†’, é¬F äéπ Chemistry
CM í¬ YSR -á-™«
(¶«í¬ ®√ߪ’-ØË-™‰ü¿’ -Å-ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) paper ´÷vûª¢Ë’ îÁúø-íÌ-ö«d† ’. N’í∫û√
He did poorly/ very poorly in the exam.
ÖØ√o®Ω’? (Ææ´’-®Ωn-ç-í¬Ø√ papers ™ 80 éÀ °jØË-®√-´îª’a. Chemistry
é¬ü∆?)
He did badly in the exam. b) The Sri Lankans did/
™ ´÷vûªç 60 ü∆é¬- ®√-´îª’a.
do Pranav: O’ cousin Sucharita ᙫ- ®√-Æ œçC?
É™« ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å®·ûË ¢√úøû√ç, °æKéπ~ fared/ performed very M. SURESAN Subodh: ¶«í¬ØË ®√Æœç-ü¿-†’-èπ◊çö«. -Éçûªèπ◊-´·çü¿’
®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË ¶µ«¢√-EéÀ. ÉüË O’®Ω’ °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ badly/ poorly in the
exams ™ Ç¢Á’ -î √-™« -¶«í¬ ®√Æœç-C.
í∫´’-Eç-îª-´-©-Æœ† Å稡ç. '®√ߪ’ôç— ´*a† îÓô™«x last cricket series.
'do' ü∆E Éûª®Ω ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’. ÉC Sri Lankans î√-™«poor í¬ Çú≈®Ω’. ÅEoöx 100 èπ◊ äéπöÀ, È®çúø’ ´÷®Ω’\©’
´÷vûª¢Ë’ ûªèπ◊\´.
¶«í¬ practice îÁߪ’uçúÕ. c) Her performance in the movie was disap-
Pranav: é¬F íÌ°æp performance. Girls, ´’†-éπçõ‰
Å®·ûË Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’, °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ pointing
¶«í¬ îªü¿’-´¤-û√-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«.
fare èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Ç *vûªç-™ Ç¢Á’ †ô† E®√¨¡°æJ-*çC. Subodh: îÁ°æp-™‰ç™‰.
...I had fared badly... I had done badly d) He did/ fared/ performed well in the movie
Answer:
¶«í¬ ®√ߪ’-™‰ü¿’. îÁûªhí¬ ®√¨»†’. Åûª†’ Ç *vûªç™ ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’.
a) ᙫ-®√-¨»´¤ E†oöÀ exam? e) He is doing very well as a teacher Subodh: Hi Pranav, how are you preparing for
How did you fare in the exam yesterday? Teacher í¬ Åûª†’ î√-™« ¶«í¬ îËÆæ’h-Ø√oúø’. the exams?
Do/ fare/ perform Pranav: I always have/ suffer from exam
b) I fared well
¶«í¬ØË ®√¨»†’ = – OöÀ™x Åûªuçûª Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬,
áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË-´÷ô, 'do' nerves, until they are over.
Prakash: How did you fare in the exams?
f) I hope to do well in the exam Subodh: But you always get good marks/
(ᙫ ®√¨»´¤?) exam score high.
؈’ ¶«í¬ ®√≤ƒh-†ØË ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’.
Akash: Well, I think. I got 97%
expressions.
-É°æ¤p-úø’ -É-çéÌ-Eo Pranav: I do, but I wish to score even better
Prakash: Oh, you didn't fare badly after all.
a) O’ Marks àçöÀ?/-áEo? marks. (Even = Éçé¬)
Congrats.
What are your marks?/ What marks did you Subodh: Who doesn't wish it?/ Who doesn't
(v•£æ…tçúøç, î√-™« ¶«í¬ØË ®√¨»-´-†o-´÷ô. get? What is your score?/ How many marks have the wish?
í∫’®Ω’h ûÁa-éÓçúÕ = not bad = very did you get/ score? Pranav: When are the exams for your class?/
good) b) marks
F àç ûª%°œh-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ™‰´¤ When are you people taking the
c) Hold the exam any time you like, he is sure Your score is/ your marks are, not satisfactory. exams?
to fare well c) With such a low score/ such low marks, you Subodh: They were over yesterday./ Yesterday
O’ É≠ædç ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ °ô’d-éÓçúÕ °æKéπ~, ¢√úø’ can't get a seat in that college. was the last of them.
éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ¶«í¬ ®√≤ƒhúø’. Åçûª ûªèπ◊\´ ´÷®Ω’\-©ûÓ Fé¬ college seat ™ Pranav: How did you do?
°æKéπ~ °ôdúøç = Hold an exam/ exams ®√ü¿’. Subodh: (I) did very well, but I did poorly/ fared
-É-C îª÷úøçúÕ: Meghana: Congrats Sumana, on your high badly in chemistry. In the other
i) what about your performance this time Score in Physics. papers I may get/ score above 80%.
ii) I am satisfied with my performance. (Physics ™ marks
Fèπ◊ ´’ç* In chemistry I may get about 60.
Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’, °æKéπ~ ®√ߪ’ôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ per- congrats.)
´*a†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Pranav: How did your cousin Sucharita do?
formance èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Å®·ûË ÉC é¬Ææh Sumana: You didn't fare badly either. You got Subodh: (I) think she did well. In the earlier
§ƒçúÕûªuç. just one mark below mine. So my exams, however, her performance
congrats to you. Poor Jamuna! she was very good. In all the papers, she
a) ᙫ ®√¨»®Ω’ E†oöÀ exam?
got below 50%. got just one or two marks below 100.
How was your exam yesterday?
(Fèπÿ àç ûªèπ◊\´ ®√™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. äéπ\ Pranav: That's good performance. I suppose
b) His performance in exams is usually brilliant
Mark ´÷vûª¢Ë’ éπü∆ Ø√éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´. Ñ girls study better than we, boys.
exams ™ ≤ƒüµ∆-®Ω-ùçí¬ Åûª†’ î√™« ¶«í¬
Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ -Fèπ◊ -Ø√ -Å-Gµ-†ç-ü¿-†-©’. §ƒ°æç Subodh: We can't say./ Difficult to say.
brilliant =
®√≤ƒhúø’. v°æé¬-¨¡-´ç-ûª-¢Á’i†, é¬çA--´’ç-ûª- ï´·† – 50-¨»-ûªç éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ ´-î√a®·)
¢Á’i† (vG©uçö¸ – 'vG— ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©’-èπ◊û√ç) (Above - áèπ◊\-´/-£«-aí¬; below=ûªèπ◊\´)
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡-E¢√®Ωç 21 -ï-†-´-J 2006

100
W

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù W
(Eïçí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰ Ø√éÌ-*a† English
Ø√Íé ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ™‰ü¿’. Éçûª-éπçõ‰ ¶«í¬
´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-LT, ®√ߪ’-í∫-LTûË Ø√èπ◊ î√™«
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Öçô’çC.
Anand: We can be good speakers of English
if we have regular practice.
(Regular practice Öçõ‰ ¶«í¬English
´÷ö«x-úË¢√∞¡xç Å´¤û√ç)
Santosh: Yes, we frequently read so in these
Spoken English lessons.
(Ñ English lessons ™ ÅüË ûª®Ω-í¬
îª÷Ææ÷hçö«ç/ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’çö«ç)
ÉC 100 ´ lesson éπü∆. Ñ Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ for a
change (*†o-´÷-®Ω’p-í¬/ -é¬Ææh ûËú≈í¬) ã *†o
Language game Çúøü∆ç. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù-™ E sen-
tences îª÷úøçúÕ:
I a) I am happy; I am not satisfied; I too am anx-
ious to learn more; I am not at all pleased;
I am able to speak; I shall be happy.
a) He is happy to meet me
ÉçûËé¬èπ◊çú≈ OöÀE question form ™ èπÿú≈,
(To meet me – áçü¿’-éπ-ûª†’ happy ÅØËC -ûÁ-©’°æ¤-
not ûÓ†÷, not ™‰èπ◊ç-ú≈†÷ èπÿú≈ ņ-´îª’a éπü∆?
eg: Am I a doctor? Am I not a teacher? etc. ûª’ç-C éπü∆)
b) They were not satisfied with their salaries.
É™«Íí N’í∫û√ 'be' forms ûÓ áEo sentences,
statements ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, questions èπÿú≈, (with their salaries – ¢√∞¡x @û√-©ûÓ ÅØËC ¢√∞¡Ÿx
not ™‰èπ◊çú≈, not ûÓ Å†-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ. áçü¿’-´©x not satisfied ÅØËC ûÁ©’°æ¤-ûª’çC)
Gí∫_-®Ωí¬ O’ friend ûÓØÓ, O’ûÓ cooperate îËÊÆ c) Will they be pleased if I give them the books?
(If I give them the books - ؈’ ¢√∞¡xé¬ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-
¢√∞¡x-ûÓØÓ Å†çúÕ.
Questions ™ èπÿú≈, È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩 questions. LÊÆh – ÅØËC ¢√∞¡Ÿx ᙫ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-ú≈h-®Ω-ØËC ûÁ©’°æ¤-
1) 'Wh' words (what, when, who, etc.,)ûÓ ûª’çC éπü∆)
´îËaN. É™« O’®Ω’ 'be' forms ûÓ -´-îËa sentences †’
eg. Why are you happy? What is your §ÒúÕ-Tç--èπ◊çô÷ ¢Á∞¡x-´îª’a. Å®·ûË Å®Ωnç ´÷vûªç
brother? When was he a teacher? ™«çöÀ-N. correct í¬ ´îËaô’x îª÷Ææ’éÓ-´ôç î√-™« ´·êuç.
2) 'Wh' words ™‰E questions. III Ééπ Ñ game ™ ´‚úÓ-¶µ«í∫ç:
eg. Are you happy? Is she your sister? Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ O’®Ω’ practice îËÆœ† sentences
Can he be a leader? ™«çöÀ-N. ÅEoç-öÀ™ verb, 'be' form éπü∆. Ñ 'be' form
´’S} OöÀE not ûÓ, eg: Are you not happy?
•ü¿’©’ 'action words' áéπ\-úÁ-éπ\úø meanings
Were they not students? ™«çöÀN. ´÷®Ω-èπ◊çú≈ ¢√úø-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ, Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù©’:

I am happy today
Anand: I am happy today.
(ØËF-®Ó-V ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o)
Santosh: Why?/ Why are you happy?
(áçü¿’èπ◊?)
Anand: Because this is the hundredth lesson
in spoken English. You are happy
too, aren't you?
(ÉC spoken English 100 lesson
™ ´
鬕öÀd. Fèπÿ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖçC, éπü∆?) b) Why are you happy? You are happy too; É™«ç-öÀN áEo sen- a) They were all happy. Ééπ\úø 'be' form 'were'
So is my cousin Harsha; They are fluent. tences •ü¿’©’ feel ¢√úø-´îª’a éπü∆. Å®·ûË, 'be' form
Santosh: Ofcourse I am, but I am not satisfied.
O’®Ω’ ņ-í∫-©®Ó
There's a lot more english to learn. c) Deepti and Divya were my school mates; ™„éÀ\ç--éÓçúÕ. áéπ\úø í∫û√Eo ûÁ-LÊ° -´÷ô 鬕öÀd, feel èπ◊ èπÿú≈ í∫û√Eo -
(Ø√èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ¢Ë’, Å®·ûË ûª%°œhí¬ ™‰ü¿’. They were eager to learn English. O’®Ω’ questions ¢ËÆæ’- -ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷õ‰ ¢√ú≈L éπü∆. 鬕öÀd, felt ´Ææ’hçC.
ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-Lqç-C -Éçé¬ î√™« ÖçC) d) They would be ever ready to... èπ◊çõ‰ Åéπ\úø ¢√öÀéÀ Å°æ¤púø’,
e) We can be Answers èπÿú≈ îÁ°æ¤p-
Anand: I too am anxious to learn more. They all felt happy (They were all happy)
Ñ sentences ™ ´’†ç í∫´’-EçîË N≠æߪ’ç – éÓçúÕ. Éü¿l®Ω’ ´·í∫’_®Ω’ b) She can be here in 10 minutes.
éπLÆœ Ñ game M. SURESAN
(Ø√èπÿ Éçé¬ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©ØË -Ç-ûª%ûªí¬ ÖçC)
Santosh: My sister appears very serious about OöÀ™x verbs ÅFo èπÿú≈ 'be' forms ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ééπ\úø 'can be' ÅØË 'be' form -ûÓ ´îËa Å®Ωnç –
learning more English, and so is my éπü∆? îª÷úøçúÕ, Íé-´-©ç 'be' forms ûÓ áçûª Çúø’-éÓçúÕ. O’®Ω’ áEo sentences îËߪ’-í∫-L-í¬®Ó
Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\úø 10 EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ Öçúø-í∫©ü¿’ ÅE éπü∆.
cousin Harsha. Ææ綵«-≠æù ≤ƒTçüÓ? îª÷Ææ’-éÓçúÕ. O’Íé Ǩ¡a®Ωuç ¢ËÆæ’hçC. '´’†ç ÉEo
sentences ņ-í∫-L-í¬¢Ë’— ÅE.
Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç Ç¢Á’ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ 10 EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ îË®Ω-í∫-©ü¿’
( sister english É°æ¤púø’ ´’† game.
O’ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç éÓÆæç: 'be' forms °æéπ\† ¢√úøí∫LÍí
´÷ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©E î√™« ÅE – Å°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç îÁ°æp-í∫© sentence ÉüË
serious cousin Ééπ\úÕ sentences ™ 'be' forms (am, is, are,
´÷ô©’ Ñ éÀçC ®Ωé¬-©’í¬ Öçö«®·.
í¬ ÖçC, ´÷ £æ«®Ω{- Å®ΩnçûÓ–
èπÿú≈) were, shall be, can be, would be, etc,) °æéπ\† She can reach here in ten minutes.
Anand: Deepti and Divya were my school 1) í∫’ù«©’, (proud, good, bad, wicked) ûÁ-LÊ°
Ö†o 'happy' ™«çöÀ ´÷ô© •ü¿’©’ O’®Ω’ ¢√úøí∫L- c) They shall be here for an hour.
mates. They were eager to learn T† ´÷ô-©-Eoç-öÀE ¢√úÕ sentences practice ´÷ô©’.
English. They would be ever ready to 2) ¶µ«¢√©’ (feelings) ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷ô©’ (happy, sad, ¢√Rx-éπ\úø ã í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ Öçú≈L. ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ 'shall
îËߪ’çúÕ. äéπ statements ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈ ques- jealous, etc). be' ÅØË 'be form •ü¿’©’, ´’†ç 'shall stay' ÅE-
read English newspapers and books, tions, exclamations èπÿú≈ practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
speak english, listen to others speak 3) ©éπ~-ù«©’ (tall, short, fat, etc,) ûÁ-LÊ° ´÷ô©’. é¬F, shall remain ÅE -é¬-F Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ωü¿’.
Not, never (á°æ¤púø÷ é¬ü¿’/- ™‰ü¿’) ûÓ èπÿú≈ prac-
english, and so on. They are fluent in 4) Past participle forms (satisfied, pleased, Å°æ¤púø’ sentence– They shall stay/ remain
tice îËߪ’çúÕ.
English now. Whenever they had an trained) here for an hour.
Öü∆-£æ«-®Ωù îª÷úøçúÕ. 5)
opportunity, they used to speak äéπ ´%ûÓh, °æØÓ îËÊÆ¢√∞¡Ÿ} ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓ ´îËa d) He could be helpful for us: Ééπ\úø be form
I am happy- Ééπ\úø Ö†o 'be' form 'am' °æéπ\†
English. ´÷ô©’ (Actor, doctor, teacher, cook, lawyer, could be Å®Ωnç– Åûªúø’ ´’†èπ◊ Ææ£æ…-ߪ’-é¬Jí¬ Öçúø-
schoolmates.
Ö†o happy •ü¿’©’, ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç ´îËa-ô’xí¬ O’èπ◊ speaker, etc). Ñ ®Ωéπç ´÷ô©’ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, sin-
(D°œh, C´u Ø√ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ûÁL-Æœ† ´÷ô©’ ¢√úøçúÕ. í∫-©-úË¢Á÷. Could be ÅØË 'be' form •ü¿’©’ action
English ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√-©E áçûÓ Ç--ûª%-ûª-ûÓ gular ´·çü¿®Ω a/ an ®√¢√-©E ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. word ¢√ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ help ¢√úÌa éπü∆. ü∆çûÓ
English newspa-
Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊, happy •ü¿’©’, a) sad, sorry, áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ countable singular ´·çü¿’ á°æ¤púø÷
ÖçúË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. á°æ¤púø÷ sentence É™« ´÷®Ωa-´îª’aí∫ü∆?–
proud, tall, short ™«çöÀ ¶µ«¢√-©†÷ ©éπ~-ù«-©†’
per, books English 'a/ an' ®√¢√L éπü∆.
îªü¿-´ôç, ´÷ö«x- He could help us.
úøôç, Éûª-®Ω’©’ English ´÷ö«x-úË-°æ¤púø’ í∫’ù«-©†’ ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô©’ (Å®Ωn-´ç-ûªçí¬) áØÁj oØ√ 6) '-ing' forms (going, singing, walking)
¢√úø-´îª’a. É™« O’®Ω’ áEo sentences îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ
N†ô癫çöÀN îËߪ’-ö«-E-Èé-°æ¤púø÷ Æœ-ü¿l¥ç. °j ®Ω鬩 ´÷ô-©Fo ¢√úøçúÕ. ¢√öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç O’®Ω-†’-èπ◊-
Åçü¿’Íé ¢√∞¡Ÿx É°æ¤púø’ English üµ∆®√-∞¡çí¬ Éçé¬ b) àüÁjØ√ ´%ûª’h©’, °æ†’©’ ™«çöÀN îËÊÆ¢√∞¡xØË
†oô’x ÆæJí¬ ´≤ÚhçüÓ, ™‰üÓ îª÷Ææ’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’ Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x. Å´-鬨¡ç ®√éπ-§ÚûË
´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ω’. Å´-鬨¡ç üÌJ-éÀ-†-°æ¤p-úø™«x Å®Ωnç ´îËa-ô’xí¬ ÖçúË ´÷ô©÷ ¢√úø-´îª’a éπü∆?– O’Íé ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC O’È®çûª English ´÷ö«x-úø-í∫-©®Ó. éπLpç--éÌE É™«çöÀ sentences frame îËߪ’çúÕ–
English ´÷ö«x-úË-¢√∞¡Ÿx) I am a teacher/ an actor/ a cricketer/ an ´’†ç English ´÷ö«x-úø™‰-´’ØË Å§Ú£æ« Öçúøü¿’. ´’J-*-§Ú-éπçúÕ – statements ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈,
employee/ a landlord/ a doctor, etc. questions (È®çúø’ ®Ω鬩’ – 'wh' questions,
Santosh: To tell you frankly, I am not at all II An extension of the game, Ñ game é¬Ææh
pleased with my English. I shall be ´’Sx OöÀ™x not/ never èπÿú≈ éπL°œ ¢√úø-´îª’a °çîª-´îª’a– Ñ sentences ´’J-éÌEo ´÷ô©’ éπL°œ: non 'wh' questions èπÿú≈), Negatives (not,
happy if I am able to speak and write éπü∆? eg: He is happy. Ñ sentence †’ É™« never) Ææ£æ… practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
I am not happy; I am not a teacher, etc ™«í¬.
better. §ÒúÕ-Tça éπü∆? §
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
iII
Damodar: Hi, Krupakar, I couldn't see you the
whole of yesterday. What were you
doing?
( éπ%-§ƒéπ-®˝, E†oçû√ †’´¤y éπ-E°œç-îª-™‰-ü¿’,
àç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o´¤?)
Krupakar: Busy playing the game - making as
many sentences as we could - with
my sister and prabhakar.
( ´÷ Sister, prabhakar ûÓ éπLÆœ
Game -Ç-úø’-ûª÷ áEo Sentences
O©-®·ûË ÅEo Form îËÆæ÷h Busy í¬
ÖçúÕ-§Úߪ÷)
Damodar: What game was that? (àç Game?)
Krupakar: You find the game in the hundredth
lesson of spoken english. It's a sim-
ple game - forming sentences, as
many as we can by adding suitable
words after 'be' forms and action
words - sentences to be not only
statements but also questions, both
types, 'wh' and 'non wh' questions,
with not and never too...
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
101
I have to prepare
(î√-™« Simple game ÅC. sub + verb-
verb 'be' form Ŵa, action word
Ŵa, ü∆E ûª®√yûª ´÷ô©’ îË®Ω’a-èπ◊çô÷
§Ú-´ôç– Sentences statements
´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, Questions,
Exclamations èπÿú≈. Questions È®çúø’
®Ω鬩 Questions – 'wh' words ûÓ 'non
wh' words ûÓ èπÿú≈. ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, not
ûÓ never ûÓ èπÿú≈)
Damodar: Was that so? O I missed the game.
How many sentences were you able
to frame?
(Å™«í¬? Å®·ûË Øˆ’ game miss
Sentences
Åߪ÷u†’. O’È®Eo îËߪ’-í∫-L-
í¬®Ω’?)
Krupakar: We didn't count, but we were able to
make a good number. We have
understood that we can improve our
english by this kind of practice more
than by reading books on spoken
english.
(™„éπ\°ôd-™‰ü¿’ é¬F î√™«ØË î˨»ç.
Spoken english O’ü¿ books îªü¿-´ôç
éπçõ‰ É™«çöÀ practice ü∆y®√ØË English
¶«í¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç ´Ææ’hç-ü¿E Å®Ωn-¢Á’içC)
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oô’d, practice ´©x
confidence °®Ω-í∫-ô¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, English
Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ ´÷ö«x-úøôç Å©-¢√-ô-´¤-ûª’çC. v°æA-®ÓW
Friends ûÓ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
Ñ Lesson ™ éÌClí¬ ûËú≈ûÓ É™«çöÀ game
ÉçéÓöÀ îª÷ü∆lç.
O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’– verbs ™ È®çúø’®Ω鬩’. ¢Á·ü¿-öÀC
'love' ™«çöÀN. OöÀéÀ á´-JE, üËEE v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-
èπ◊çõ‰ ¢√∞¡x†’ ÅØÓ, ü∆EE ÅØÓ Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç
´Ææ’hçC. È®çúÓ ®Ωé¬--E-N - walk (†-úø-´ôç)
™«çöÀN. á´-JE †úø-´ôç, üËE-E †úø-´ôç Åçõ‰
Ææ´÷-üµ∆†ç ®√ü¿’ éπü∆. Ñ≤ƒJ game ™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
®Ωéπç verbs ûÓ sentences îËߪ’çúÕ. state-
ments ´÷vûª¢Ë’ é¬èπ◊çú≈, questions, exclama-
tions ûÓ Ææ£æ…, Not/ never ûÓ èπÿú≈ O’èπ◊
ûÁL-Æœ-†Eo verbs ûÓ á†o-®·ûË ÅEo.
eg:
1) Vineet bought a book
2) When did Naresh meet you?
3) She doesnot like me (at all)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ..
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
4) How well Rupa sings that song!
5) The teacher never made a joke
É™« áEo Sentences îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.
ûª®√yûª ÆæÈ®j† ´÷ô©’ îËJa Sentences extend
îËߪ’çúÕ.
eg: 1) Vineet bought a book at the college
stores.
2) When did Naresh meet you to give you
the book.
3) She does not like me because I do not
like her.
4) How well Rupa sings that song from the
movie, nuvvu naaku nachau.
5) The teacher never made a joke while
teaching.
É™«çöÀ sentences O’®Ω’ O’ friends etc., ûÓ
practice
îËߪ’çúÕ. I, We, You, he, she, it and
theyûÓ èπÿú≈ sentences îËߪ’çúÕ.
u u u (Job
Renuka: Urmila, why don't you lend me the
book. I have to prepare for the exam
the day after tomorrow.
exam
(Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç é¬Ææh É≤ƒh-¢√? á©’xçúÕ
prepare Å¢√Lq ÖçC.)
Urmila: Sorry Renuka, Bhoomika has taken it
away. She has to prepare for the exam
as well. You are a little late.
(Sorry, ¶µº÷N’éπ Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’Èé-R}ç-C. ûª†’-
exam
èπÿú≈ prepare
èπ◊ Å¢√y-©E.)
Renuka: I thought of buying the book yester-
day, but I had to take mom to hospital,
so I didn't find the time. I must get the
book somehow. Otherwise I'll be
doing very badly in the exam.
book
(E†oØË éÌØ√-©E ņ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’, é¬E
hospital
´÷ Å´’t†’ èπ◊ BÆæ’Èé∞«}Lq
´*açC. é̆-™‰-éπ-§Úߪ÷. ᙫíÓ äéπ-™«í¬ Ç
°æ¤Ææhéπç ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L ؈’. ™‰éπ-§ÚûË á©’xçúÕ
exam -¶«í¬ ®√-ߪ’-™‰éπ-§Ú-û√--†’-.)
Urmila: I must pay the fees today. Today is the
last date. I should go to the bank and
get the money.
fees
(É¢√∞¡ éπ-ö«dL ؈’. -É-¢√-∞Ï -*-´-J
Bank
®ÓV. èπ◊ ¢Á∞«xL, úø•’s ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L.)
Renuka: That's true. We must submit exam
applications by tomorrow. That's the
rule.
Exam applications
(Eï¢Ë’. Í®°æöÀ ™°æ©
submit rule.)
îÁߪ÷uL. ÅüË
Urmila: The applications should have the sig-
nature of the parent or the guardian,
shouldn't it?
(Application ™ parent/ guardian
Ææçûªéπç Öçú≈L, éπü∆?)
Renuka: Yes, that's the rule. Further we must
mention the amount paid, and
enclose the fee receipt.
clear
(ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈, áçûª úø•’s éπöÀdçD
fee receipt
ûÁ-©-§ƒ-L, ü∆-E-ûÓ ïûª-°æ®Ω-î√L.)
Urmila: OK then. Bye. I must hurry.
(´≤ƒh Å®·ûË. ؈’ -ûªy®ΩΩ-°æ-ú≈L.)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æù™E sentences †’ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
1) I have to prepare 2) She has to prepare 3)
I had to take 4) I must get 5) I must pay 6) We
must submit 7) The application should have
the signature 8) We must mention.
sentences
°j verbs: have to + 1st
™E
RDW; has to + 1st RDW; had to + 1st
RDW; must + 1st RDW; should + 1st RDW
Have to/ has to, had to, must, should
É´Fo èπÿú≈ NCµí¬, rule v°æ鬮Ωç, ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬
îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ†’-©†’ ûÁ©’°æ¤û√®·.
URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-≤Ú-´’¢√®Ωç 23 -ï-†-´-J 2006
OöÀ 'be' forms. Have to be, has to be, (éπFÆæç Í®°æ-öÀ-ÈéjØ√ -Å-ûª-úø’ -Åéπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
must be, should be. Å´-鬨¡ç éÓ™p-û√úø’. – necessity.)
(Have to be/ has to be - I, we, you and ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
they subjects ûÓ have to be
´Ææ’hçC. He, Pramod: I am happy to have got the job, Sir.
she and it subjects ûÓ has to be ´Ææ’hçC.) When have I to be here to report for
-O-ô-Eoç-öÀéÀ Å®Ωnç – Öçú≈L – ÅE. ÅC äéπJ Çïc duty, Sir?
(command) é¬´îª ’a, NCµ (duty) é¬´îª ’a,
´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ≠æçí¬ ÖçC.
necessity (Å´-Ææ®Ωç) 鬴a.
Report îËߪ’-ú≈-EéÀ/ Duty™ Join
Have to be, has to be, should be, must be Å´-ö«-EéÀ á°æ¤-púø’ ®√-¢√-©çúŒ Ééπ\-úÕéÀ?)
= Öçú≈L, present ™í¬F, future ™í¬E. (Have to be Ééπ\úø duty E ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC.)
èπ◊ Vinod: Let me go. I have to be at home in ten Prasanth: You have to be here by 9.30 every-
minutes. Dad will be angry if I am late.
day.
(9.30 éπ-™«x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈-L- †’´¤y.
(††’o ¢Á∞¡xF. ؈’ 10 EN’-≥ƒ™x Éçöx You have to be here till 5.30 in the
Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊ç-õ‰ ´÷ Ø√†oèπ◊ éÓ°æç ´Ææ’hçC)
evening. ( 5.30 ´®Ωèπÿ Öçú≈L– Ñ
È®çúø÷ commands.) Your colleague
too, has to be here at the same time.
(F Ææ£æ«Ù-üÓuT èπÿú≈ ÅçûË.
Ééπ\úø command.)
Pramod: I will start work now itself sir,
has to be
because I have to be thorough with
Suman: Hari too has to
my job.
be at home in
(؈’ É°æ¤púË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-≤ƒh†’.
ten minutes. He áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Ø√ °æE ؈’ èπ~◊ùoçí¬ ûÁ©’Ææ’-
doesn't like to éÓ-¢√L éπü∆ (Ééπ\úø have to be - neces-
miss the serial. sity). I understand I have to be at
Isn't it so, Hari? office for atleast 6 hours. (éπFÆæç 6
(£æ«J èπÿú≈ 10 í∫çô©ÊÆ°æ-®·Ø√ office ™ Öçú≈-©E Ø√èπ◊
EN’-≥ƒ-©èπ◊ Éçöx M. SURESAN
ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ééπ\úø have to be NCµE
Öçú≈L. Åûª-úÕéÀ
serial miss Å´ôç É≠ædç-™‰ü¿’. ÅçûË éπü∆ ûÁ©’°æ¤ûÓçC éπü∆.)
£æ«J?) Now practice the following in English:
Hari: That's right. I have to hurry now. Bye.
Kranthi: †’´¤y éπFÆæç ´’üµ∆u£æ«oç È®çúø’ í∫çô©
( Eï¢Ë’. ؈’ -ûªy®ΩΩ-°æ-ú≈L)
´®Ω-ÈéjØ√ Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈L, Å®Ωn-´’-®·çü∆?
Suman: Don't forget tomorrow's exam time.
Shanthi: Yes, Madam. Ñ®Ó-ñ‰é¬-ü¿’, Í®°æ¤ -èπÿú≈ ÉüË
You have to be at the centre by 9.45
(Í®°æ¤ exam time ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-éπçúÕ. O’®Ω-éπ\úø ¢Ë∞¡™x Ééπ\-úø’ç-ú≈-©E ûÁ©’Ææ’ madam.
Kranthi: Watchman ûÓ îÁ°æ¤p, Åûª-Eç-é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
9.45 éπ-™«x Öçú≈L)
Öçú≈L ÅE; pass Ö†o¢√∞¡’x ´÷vûª¢Ë’
Ééπ\úø îª÷¨»ç éπü∆. Present ™í¬F, future ™í¬F
'Öçú≈L— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ have to be/ has to be ™°æ© Öçú≈-©-F.
Shanthi: Ok, Madam. Åûª-E-éπ\úø 8 í∫çô©´®Ωèπÿ
¢√ú≈ç. äéπ Order / Command ´©x, NCµ ´©x
(Åçõ‰ Duty), ™‰éπ§ÚûË Å´-Ææ®Ωç (Necessity) ´©x Öçú≈-©E èπÿú≈ îÁ§ƒh†’.
Öçú≈Lq´ÊÆh, Å°æ¤púø’ Have to be/ has to be Kranthi: OK. ñ«ví∫ûªh. Ø√èπ◊ meeting ÖçC. Åéπ\úø
¢√úøû√ç. ؈’ 1.30 éπçû√ Öçú≈L. ØËØÌîËa ÆæJéÀ files
a) O’®Ω’ 10éπ-™«x office ™ Öçú≈L. ÅFo ready Å®·-Öç-ú≈L. ûÁL-Æœçü∆?
Shanthi: Readyí¬ Öçö«®·, madam.
You have to be at office by 10 (Command)
b) v°æA ÖüÓuT 10 †’ç* 5´®Ωèπ◊ Office ™ Öçú≈L Answer:
Every employee has to be in the office Kranthi: You have to be here till atleast 2 in the
from 10 to 5 (Command) afternoon, understand?
í¬ c) I have to be at office by 10. Shanthi: Yes, Madam. I Understand too, that
؈’ 10éπ-™«x office ™ Öçú≈L. (Duty = NCµ) not only today, but also tomorrow I
d) She has to be at office for a minimum of have to be here during the same time.
Six hours. Kranthi: Tell the watchman that he has to be a
(-Ç-¢Á’ éπFÆæç 6 í∫çô-©-ÊÆ-°jØ√ Office ™ Öçú≈L little more careful, that only those who
= Duty/ NCµ) have passes have to be here.
e) I have to be at the station at 2 or I shall Shanthi: Ok, Madam. I will tell him too that he
miss the train. has to be here till 8 o'clock.
Kranthi: Ok. Be careful. I have a meeting. I
؈’ station
-™ È®çúÕçöÀéÀ Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
train miss Å´¤-û√†’. (ÉC necessity, Åçõ‰ have to be there by 1.30. By the time I
.
Å´-Ææ®Ωç éπü∆) return all the files must be ready.
f) He has to be here atleast by tomorrow. Shanthi: They shall be, madam.
Otherwise he will miss the chance.
iII
Hitesh: Hi Mallesh, I coludn't see you the
whole of yesterday. What happened?
(E†oçû√ éπ-E°œç-‰ü¿’. àç ïJTçC?)
Mallesh: (I was) Busy at home. I had to be at
home attending to some repairs for
the house. Dad was out of town.
busy repairs
(Éçöx í¬ ÖØ√o. ÉçöÀ
îª÷Ææ’éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ÉçöxØË Öçú≈Lq ´*açC.
Ø√†o- Ü∞x ™‰®Ω’.)
a) Attend = College/ School/ Class ™«çöÀ
¢√öÀéÀ, functions/ meetings/ marriages
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ £æ…ï-®Ω-´ôç.
b) attend to = äéπ °æE îË°æ-ôd-ôç / ¶«üµ¿u-ûªí¬
îËߪ’ôç; 'I am attending to the repairs'.
c) Attend on = ÅA--ü∑¿’-©èπ◊, ®Óí∫’-©èπ◊ Ææ°æ-®Ωu©’
îËߪ’ôç,
When I was ill, my sister, attended on me.
Hitesh: You remember we have to go to
Naresh's for his birthday party. It's
already 5. Shall we start?
(Naresh birthday party Èé∞«x-©E í∫’®Ω’hç-C-
éπü∆? É°æp-öÀÍé 5 Å®·-§Ú-®·çC. •ßª’-©’-
üË®Ω-ü∆-´÷?)
Mallesh: But we should buy some gift for him.
gift
(àüÓ éÌØ√-L-éπü∆?)
Hitesh: We must hurry then. We shouldn't be
late.
late
(ûªy®Ω-°æ-ú≈L ´’J. Å´-èπÿ-úøü¿’.)
Mallesh: What, do you think, is Naresh's age
now?
(Éçûªéà †Í®≠ˇ ´ßª’Ææ’q áçûª’ç-úÌ--îªaç-ö«´¤?
ÉC ÅûªE áØÓo birthday?– DEéÀ
English ™‰ü¿’.)
Hitesh: He must be 18 now. I think it is his
18th birth anniversary.
birthday
(18 à∞¡Ÿxç-ú≈L. ÉC ÅûªE 18´
Anniversary-
ņ’-èπ◊çö«. (Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊ -Ñ®Ó--V °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉîËa-ߪ÷L.
¢√J{-éÓûªq-´ç)
Mallesh: We are all the same age then, give or É≤ƒh-†-Ø√oúø’.)
b) Éûª-®Ω’© •©-´çûªç´©x-í¬F, àüÁjØ√ E•ç-üµ¿-†©
take a few months.
(Å®·ûË ´’†-´’çû√ ØÁ©© ûËú≈ûÓ äÍé ´©-xí¬F (Rules) ´’†ç îËߪ÷-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’/ Öçú≈-
´ßª’Ææ’q™ ÖØ√o´’-†o-´÷ô.) Lq-†-°æ¤púø’ have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç.
Hitesh: Ok. Let's start.
Mallesh: We must get back home early. Don't
forget our exams from the day after
tomorrow. Because of the change in
the exam hours, we must be at col-
lege 10 minutes before nine.
(´’†ç ûªy®Ωí¬ ÉçöÀéÀ AJT ´îËa-ߪ÷L.
á©’xçúÕ †’ç* ´’†èπ◊ exams ÅE ´’®Ω-*-
§Úèπ◊. ´÷J† ¢Ë∞¡© v°æ鬮Ωç College ™
10 EN’-≥ƒ©’ ûªèπ◊\´ 9 éπ-™«x -Öçú≈-L-.)
éÀç-ü¿-öÀ lesson ™ have to be/ has to be
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? äéπ-≤ƒJ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊
ûÁa-èπ◊çü∆ç.
a) I, We, You, They subjects Å®·ûË have to.
b) He, She, It Å®·ûË has to.
c) be form: have to be/ has to be (Öçú≈L
ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ).
-v°æ-¨¡o:
1) ¢√£æ«-Ø√© ¢Á†éπ ®√ÊÆ 'please
sound horn'
Å®Ωnç N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
2) ¢Á·£æ«-´÷-ö«EéÀ Ææ´÷† Å®Ωnç
´îËa ÉçTx≠ˇ °æü¿ç à¢Á’iØ√
Öçü∆?
– >™«E, é¬éÀ-Ø√úø
-ï-¢√-•’:
1) Please sound horn Åçõ‰ horn ¢Á÷Tç-îªçúÕ ÅE
Å®Ωnç. äéπ ¢√£æ«†ç ¢Á†-éπ-´¤†o ¢√£æ«†ç, ´·çü¿J
¢√£æ«-Ø√Eo ü∆öÀ ´·çü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, horn
¢Á÷TÊÆh, ´·çü¿J ¢√£æ«†ç, ¢Á†éπ ¢√£æ«-Ø√-EéÀ
ü∆JÆæ’hçü¿E îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ Å™« ®√≤ƒh®Ω’.
2) '¢Á·£æ«-´÷ôç— Å†o-´÷-ôèπ◊ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬
ņ-í∫-L-TçC 'unassertive'. 'assertive' Åçõ‰
E®Ìt-£æ«-´÷-ôçí¬ Öçúøôç, 鬕öÀd, 'unassertive'
Åçõ‰ ¢Á·£æ«-´÷ôç í∫© ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
d) Action word: have to + 1st Regular
Doing Word, has to + 1st Regular Doing
Word. (Have to go, have to do, has to
go, has to do etc,
¢Á∞«}L, îËߪ÷L ÅØË
Å®ΩnçûÓ)
Éçé¬ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†oC–
a) ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© ´©x Öçúø-´-©-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’,
îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’– have to be/ has to be;
have to + 1st RDW/ has to + 1st RDW.
eg:
1) I have to be at home by 8.
b)
؈’ 8 éπ-™«x Éçöx Öçú≈L. (™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ´÷ Ø√-†o-
éÓ°æ p-úøû√®Ω’)
2) He has to be here by 10. Otherwise we
can't start.
(Åûª-E-éπ\úø 10éπ-™«x Öçú≈L. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω™‰ç)
3) They have to see the doctor today. The
appointment is for today.
doctor
(É¢√∞¡ ¢√-∞¡Ÿx ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«xL. Çߪ’† Ñ
®ÓVèπ◊ appointment 'have
Éî√aúø’)– Ééπ\úø
to' has to
(Åçõ‰ èπÿú≈) ´’†ç ´·çü¿’ E®Ωg-®·ç-
-èπ◊†o °æEéÀ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. Å™«Íí–
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
102
You have to do it
4) He has to return my book today. He said
he would.
1) You have to show the ticket on demand.
Keep it safe until the journey is over.
[
ÅúÕT†°æ¤púø’ Ticket (öÀÈéö¸– öÀ ØÌéÀ\
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) îª÷§ƒL. v°æߪ÷ùç °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’-u´-®Ωèπ◊
ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öç-. On demand = ÅúÕT†°æ¤púø’-]
2) Kumar has to pay the fees tomorrow.
(kumar Í®°æ¤ fees éπö«dL.)
3) The boss has asked us to be at office half
an hour earlier than usual. We have to be
at office at 9.
(Boss ´’†Lo ã Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’ office èπ◊
®Ω´’t-Ø√o®Ω’ éπü∆. ´’†ç 9 éπ-™«x office ™
Öçú≈L.)
Have to/ has to á°æ¤púø÷ present/ future situ-
ations èπ◊ ´Jh-≤ƒh®·. ÅüË past ™ ´’†ç îÁ§ƒp-
©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰ had to ¢√úøû√ç. lesson v§ƒ®Ω綵º
Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ Mallesh -à-´’-Ø√oúø’?I had to be at
home (Yesterday - past) ÅE. Åçõ‰ ØËEçöx
Öçú≈Lq ´*açC. 鬕öÀd í∫ûªç™– a) --à-üÁj-Ø√ °æJ-
Æœn-ûª’©´©x-í¬E, E•ç-üµ¿-†©´©x-í¬E, Éûª-®Ω’©
•©-´ç-ûªç-´©xí¬E áéπ\-úÁjØ√ Öçú≈Lq ´ÊÆh, had
to be, àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq-´ÊÆh had to + 1st
Regular Doing Word (RDW) ¢√úøû√ç.
1. He had to be at station by 8, as his friend
was coming.
(Station ™ Åûª†’ 8 éÀ Öçú≈Lq ´*açC, ¢√∞¡x
friend á´®Ó ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’ 鬕öÀd)
2. Santhi had to go to Vijayawada last
Sunday to attend a marriage.
(éÀç-ü¿-öÀ ÇC-¢√®Ωç ¨»çA Nï-ߪ’-¢√úø, °RxéÀ
¢Á∞«}Lq ´*açC.)
3. Vishal had to pay the fees yesterday; he
had no money, so I had to lend him the
amount.
(N¨»™¸ E†o fees îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC. ÅûªE ü¿í∫_®Ω
úø•’s-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE ØË-†’ -Å®Ω’-´¤ -É¢√yLq ´*açC.)
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
í∫ûªç™ Éûª-®Ω’© •©-´çûªç´©x-í¬F, E•ç-üµ¿-†©
´©xí¬F ´’†ç àüÁjØ√ îËߪ÷-Lq-†-°æ¤púø’/
Öçú≈-Lq†°æ¤púø’ πÿú≈ had to ¢√úøû√ç.
1) Lord Rama had to go to forests to honour
his father's word.
¢√∞¡x-Ø√†o ´÷ô E©-¶„-ôd-ö«-EéÀ X®√-´·úø’
Åúø-´¤©èπ◊ -¢Á∞«x-Lq- ´-*açC.
2) He had to live in the forest for 12 years
°æØÁoç-úË∞¡x ´†-¢√Ææç îËߪ÷Lq ´*açC.
3) He had to pay a fine of Rs. 250/- for driv-
ing the wrong way.
(Åûª†’ wrong direction ™ drive îËÆœ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊
250 ®Ω÷-§ƒ-ߪ’© -ï-J-´÷-Ø√ éπö«dLq ´*açC.)
4) Pramila had to submit the application the
day before yesterday. She submitted it
yesterday, so she had to pay a late fee of
Rs. 10/-.
(v°æO’© ¢Á·†oØË application submit
îËߪ÷-LqçC – é¬F E-†o îËÆœçC, Åçü¿’-éπE 10
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’©’ late fee îÁLxç-î√Lq ´*açC.)
´’Sx lesson ¢Á·ü¿öx Ö†o Ææ綵«-≠æù ã≤ƒJ
îª÷úøçúÕ:
Mallesh: We should buy some gift for him.
Hitesh: .... We shouldn't (should not) be late.
Ééπ\úø 'should'Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷ü∆lç. ÉC èπÿú≈
have to/ has to èπ◊ î√-™« ü¿í∫_®Ωí¬ Öçô’çC. DEéÀ
'be' form should be = Öçú≈L ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ;
Action word, should + 1st RDW (should go,
should know, should do, etc.) = ¢Á∞ «xL,
ûÁL-ߪ÷L/ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L, îËߪ÷L, etc. Å®√n-©ûÓ)
should á°æ¤púø÷ ´’†ç Öçú≈-Lq† ÆæÈ®j† B®Ω’†’
í∫’-Jç-*, ÆæJí¬ îËߪ÷Lq† °æEE í∫’-Jç-*
ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC.
a) You should be here at 10 everyday.
†’´¤y ®ÓW °æ-Cç-öÀéÀ -Ééπ\-úø -Öç-ú≈-L.
b) He should understand that we are his well
wishers.
´’†ç ÅûªE v¨ÏßÁ÷-Gµ-™«-≠æfl©-´’ØË N≠æߪ’ç Åûª†’
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ¢√L.
c) You should refer to the dictionary when
you are in doubt.
FÍé-üÁjØ√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ Dictionary
îª÷ú≈L. (îª÷úøôç ÆæÈ®j† °æE)
E•ç-üµ¿-†© v°æ鬮Ωç ÆæÈ®j†D, é¬E-D ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’ π◊
πÿú≈ should ¢√úø-´îª’a.
a) You should not drive at more than 20 kmph
along this road.
(Ñ road ™ O’®Ω’ 20 éÀ-™O’-ô®Ωx ¢Ëí¬-Eo -N’ç-*
-†-úø°æ®√-ü¿’.)
(Kmph = KPH = Kilometres per hour)
b) Passengers should be at the airport half
an hour before the flight departure.
(N´÷†ç •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω-ö«-EéÀ Å®Ω-í∫çô ´·çü¿’
v°æߪ÷-ùÀèπ◊©’ airport ™ Öçú≈L.)
flight = N´÷-†-ߪ÷†ç/ °æéÀ~ áí∫-®Ωôç,
Departure = •ßª’-™‰l-®Ωôç
-•’-üµ¿¢√®Ωç 25 -ï-†-´-J 2006
c) Before you build a house, you should sub-
mit the plan for approval.
(É©’x éπõ‰d ´·çü¿’, ÉçöÀ plan sub-
Ç¢Á÷-ü∆-EéÀ
mit
îËߪ÷L)
´ Should èπ◊ èπÿú≈ past form 'had to' have
ØË,
to/ has to ©èπ◊ ™«í¬. Ñ éÀçC sentences †’
§Ú©açúÕ.
a) The Players should be at the field by 9 AM
field
ûÌN’t-Cç-öÀ-éπ-™«x véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’©’ ™ Öçú≈L.
ÉC present/ future Ŵa.
b) The players had to be at the field by 9 AM.
Players 9 éÀfield ™ Öçú≈Lq ´*açC–
ÉC Past.
´·êu í∫´’-Eéπ: E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Å´-Ææ-®√-© π◊
have to/
¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, éπçõ‰
has to, should should
have to/ has to á π◊\´ powerful.
You have to do it =
O’JC îËߪ÷L = You
should do it. Ééπ\úø you
have to do it èπ◊, you
should do it éπØ√o force
áèπ◊\´, Åçõ‰ ÉçéÌç-îÁç
M. SURESAN
í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°æpôç.
Now practise the following in English:
Prema:´’†ç á°æ¤púø’ -•-ߪ’-©’-üË®√-L?
Preethi: ÉçéÓ í∫çô™/ 9 í∫çô-©éπ-™«x ´’†ç airport
™ Öçú≈L. Passport, visa, Éûª®Ω docu-
ments Åçû√ ready í¬ Öç-éÓ-¢√L. ¢√-∞¡Ÿx
-Å-úøí∫ç-í¬ØË îª÷°œç-îª-í∫-©í¬L.
Prema: ´‚úø’ Ø√©’í∫’ ´çü¿-© *©x-®Ω èπÿ-ú≈ Öç-
éÓ-¢√L éπü∆. àüÁjØ√ Å´-Ææ®Ωç ®√´îª’a.
Preethi: Airport entrance ticket é̆’-éÓ\-¢√-©-E O’
friends ûÓ îÁ§ƒpL †’´¤y. ¢√∞¡Ÿx lounge
™ØË èπÿ®Óa-¢√L.
Prema: OK.
Answer:
Prema: When have we to start? / When should
we start?
Preethi: In an hour from now. We have to be at
the airport by 9. We have to have our
passport, visa and other documents
ready. We should be able to show
them when they ask for it.
Prema: We have to have / should have three
hundred to four hundred rupees in
change in case of need.
Preethi: You should tell your friends that they
have to buy the airport entrance ticket.
They have to sit all the time in the
lounge.
Prema: OK.
iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -¨¡Ÿ-véπ¢√®Ωç 27 -ï-†-´-J 2006
Vipula: Hi Klupta, what's new?
must
°j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ ¢√úÕ† Ææçü¿-®√s¥©’ îª÷úøçúÕ
(àçöÀ N¨Ï-≥ƒ©’?– ÉC É°æ¤púø’ ¶«í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ- 1) The application must be in the candidate's
™éÀ ´Ææ’h†o °æ©-éπ-Jç°æ¤ ´÷ô) own handwriting = Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-J™ Öçú≈L
Klupta: O nothing. Just getting on.
2) No column must be blank =
(àç ™‰´¤. àüÓ Å™« ïJ-T-§Ú-ûÓçC) ë«Sí¬ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.
Vipula: Is your application for the job ready?
3) We must write = ´’†ç ®√ߪ÷L.
(job èπ◊ °æ秃-Lq† Application Æœü¿l¥ç 4) You must enclose = ïûª-°æ-®√aL.
î˨»¢√?/ ready í¬ Öçü∆?) 5) must reach = îË®√L.
Klupta: What's the hurry, Vipula? We have
´’†™ î√-™« ´’çCéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’ – must Åçõ‰
plenty of time, haven't we?
ûª°æpEÆæJÅE. Police Officer: Even if the Governor comes,
(àçöÀ ûÌçü¿®Ω? é¬-¢√-Lq-†çûª time ÖçC, Karthik: ´’†ç lab ™ 9 éπ™«x Öçú≈L. àN’öÀ
Must be - be form = Öçú≈L; you must close shop by 10.30.
éπü∆?Plenty of =î√™«) Ç©Ææuç? úø•’s ready í¬ØË ÖçC-éπü∆?
Must + 1st RDW - Action word (Must go, must Don't forget.
Vipula: What are you talking? Only four days Sravan: Éçöx á´-®Ω÷-™‰®Ω’. ´÷ Å´’t ´îËa-ü∆é¬
write, etc,) = etc.)
¢Á∞«xL, ®√ߪ÷L, É°æ¤púø’ Ñ *†o game practice îËߪ’çúÕ.
are left, you know. You must hurry.
éÀçü¿öÀ Lesson have to/ has to, should
™ èπ◊ Çí¬L ؈’. ûª†’ ´îËaü∆é¬ Öçúø-´’E ´’K Infinitive les-
Åçõ‰ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆– Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’
(àçöÀ ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Ééπ Ø√©’í∫’ must èπÿ î√-™« ü¿í∫_®Ω Ææç•çüµ¿ç ÖçC – Å®Ωnç™, í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ°œpçC. sons ™ N´-Jçî√ç– to + Ist Regular Doing
®ÓV™‰í¬ ÖçC?ûªy®Ω-°æ-ú≈L) must
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™. °j Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ N°æ¤© †’ Karthik: ´’-†ç 9 éπ™«x lab ™ Öçú≈L, éπ*a-ûªçí¬. Word. eg: to go, to come, to know, etc, OöÀE
left = N’T-LçC
(must
E•ç-üµ¿-†©’, Åçõ‰ ûª°æp-E-Ææ-Jí¬ Öçú≈-Lq-†O ؈’ ¢Á∞¡xØ√? ´‚úø’ Nüµ∆-©’í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
Klupta: Dad's going to fill it in tonight and it will Sravan: Åçûª -éπç-í¬-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? °æéπ\ØË ÖØ√oúø’í¬ 1) ¢Á∞¡xôç, ®√´ôç, ûÁ-L-ߪ’ôç/ ûÁ©’Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç, ÅØË
be) / (must + 1st RDW)
îËߪ÷-Lq-†O ¢√úøôç
be ready by tomorrow afternoon. ÅPyE. ¢√úÕ bike O’ü¿ ¢Á∞«lç. Å®ΩnçûÓ.
í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆. éÀçCN èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.
(´÷ Ø√†o É¢√∞¡ ®√vA application °æ‹Jh b) To go now will be the right thing
a) Voters must show their ID cards to the polling
ready
îË≤ƒh®Ω’. Í®°æ¤ ´’üµ∆u-£æ…o-E-éπ™«x í¬ police officer: time ? É°æ¤púø’ ¢Á∞¡xôç ÆæÈ®jç-Cí¬ Öçô’çC.
Officers = É°æ¤púø’ áçûª
Öçô’çC.) Shopkeeper: 10.30 2) ¢Á∞«x-©E, ®√¢√-©E, ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©E ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
Voters polling officers cards
èπ◊ ûª´’ í∫’Jhç°æ¤ ü∆öÀçC.
Police officer: 10.30 shop I want to go = ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.
(ID cards = Identity cards) îª÷§ƒL. (E•ç-üµ¿†) éπ™«x ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-©E
3) ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ, ®√´-ö«-EéÀ, ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ
b) Students must get their own geometry box to -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü∆? ´‚ÂÆ-ߪ÷u-L- O’-J-°æ¤púø’.
a) He is getting ready to go
the exam = Shopkeeper: •ßª’ô showcase ÖçC. ü∆Eo
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
°æK-éπ~èπ◊ Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ ¢√∞¡x ≤Òçûª ¢Á∞¡x-ö«-EéÀ ûªßª÷-®Ω-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’
103 Geometry box ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L. (E•ç-üµ¿†) -™°æ©Â°ö«dL. she is going out to buy a book
°æ¤Ææhéπç é̆-ö«-EéÀ ¢Á∞hçC.
game. É™«çöÀ infinitives Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç*
É°æ¤púø’

You must finish the work

sentences form îËߪ’ôç – áEo îËߪ’-í∫-L-TûË ÅEo,
áEo varieties Å®·ûË ÅEo – statements &
questions, negative sentences (no/ not/
never dialogue form
ûÓ, O©-®·ûË ™.
eg:
Varun: When will you 1) She wants to sing §ƒú≈-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-öçC
Vipula: Klupta, don't talk like a child. Don't you Police officer:
؈’ ´’Sx O’ shop 10.30 ûª®√yûª 2) To smoke is not good for health.
be back,
know that the application must be in the ( smoke îËߪ’ôç Ç®Ó-í¬u-EéÀ ´’ç*Cé¬ü¿’)
Kuber? ûÁ®Ω* Öçúøôç îª÷úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’,
candidate's own hand writing? It must ûÁL-Æœçü∆? 3) She has came to borrow a book from me
(èπ◊¶‰®˝, á°æ¤púø’
be complete in with all particulars. No Shopkeeper: ÉçéÓ police officer à¢Ó- éÌ-†-ú≈-EéÀ
(Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω °æ¤Ææhéπç BÆæ’éÓ-´-ö«-EéÀ ´*açC)
AJ-íÌ-≤ƒh¢˛?) 4) Where do you want to go now?
column must be blank. If a column does
Kuber: Only after 5. Till ´î√a®Ω’. ÅC é̆ôç °æ‹®Ωh-ßË’u-ü∆é¬
not apply to us, we must write in it, shop ûÁJ-* -Öç-îª-´’E Çïc Éî√a®Ω’,
É°æ¤púø’ áéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢Á∞«x-©E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o´¤?
then I must be 5) Vasanth: Which college do you want to
Does not apply / Not applicable' No
at office. I must M. SURESAN sir.
join?
dashes either. Police officer: Governor
close the accounts before I leave office. ´*aØ√ ®√vA 10.30èπ◊ Hemanth: I have come to consult you.
(*†o-°œ-©x™« ´÷ö«x-úøèπ◊. O’ Ø√†o fill shop
office
(5 í∫çô© ûª®√yûË. Åçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ™ØË éπõ„d-ߪ÷uL. ´’Ja-§Úèπ◊. Vasanth: To join our college will be the
îËߪ’ôç (Eç°æôç) àN’öÀ? Application
Öçú≈L. Office accounts
´C-™‰-´·çü¿’, Answers: best.
ŶµºuJn Ææyü¿-Ææ÷h-JûÓ Öçú≈L. ÅEo N´-®√-©ûÓ close Hemanth: But to join your college will be
°æ‹Jhí¬ Öçú≈L. à column èπÿú≈ ë«Sí¬
èπÿú≈ îËߪ÷L) a) Karthik: Are you ready? Shall we start?
kuber, must duties expensive, won't it?
Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. ´’†èπ◊ ´Jhç-îªE column
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ †’ ûª† Sravan: Wait I must pay the fees today. Let me
(office É™«ç-öÀN Ñ game practice ™ îËߪ’çúÕ.
àüÁj-Ø√ Öçõ‰ Does not apply/ Not appli-
îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ éπü∆? ™ Öçú≈- get the money.
Karthik: Why can't you pay tomorrow?
-v°æ-¨¡o:
Lq† Æ洒ߪ’ç, îËߪ÷-Lq† °æ†’©’ – É™«çöÀ Nüµ¿’©’/
cable ÅE ®√ߪ÷L. Dash ©’ ™«çöÀN
duties) ÉN must èπ◊ -Ö†o È®çúÓ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç – Sravan: From tomorrow, we must pay a fine of
èπÿú≈ Öçúø-èπÿ-úøü¿’.) Must expresses duties.
Candidate (é¬uEf-úÁ-ß˝’ö¸ – é¬u, bank ™ b ™«í¬ Rs.10/- per day. †’-´¤y -´’®Ω-*-§Ú-û√-¢Ë-¢Á÷-†-E í∫’®Ω’h -îË-¨»-†’.
Udaya: May I go now Madam? 'Lest you should forget that I have
é¬u ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) = ŶµºuJn particulars (°æöÀ-
(¢Á-∞Ôx-î√açúŒ?) Karthik: We must be at the lab by 9. What's the
Sandhya: No. You must stay here for another reminded you' Ñ ¢√éπuç ÆæÈ®j-†-
èπ◊u-©ñ¸ öÀ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç, r silent, *´J ñ¸, delay? You have the money.
hour; understand? You must finish Lest
üËØ√? ´ÊÆ h should ®√¢√-L -éπü∆?
size ™ z ™«í∫) = N´-®√©’. blank = -ë«-S. Sravan: No one is at home. I must/ have to wait
the work I have given you and then i) ¢√úÕûÓ Øˆ’ îÁ§ƒpE îÁ°æ¤p Fèπ◊ Ç °æE-îËÆ œ °úø-û√úø’.-
Does not apply/ Not applicable = ´Jhç-îªü¿’. till mother comes back. She has told
only leave. ii) †’´¤y Å™« ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«-´E Ø√èπ◊ ´·çüË ûÁ©’Ææ’.
No... either = 'no' -ûÓ é¬F, not ûÓ é¬F also me that I must wait till she is back.
-O-öÀ-E ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL?
¢√úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’, No/ not either
(™‰ü¿’. ÉçéÓ í∫çô Öçú≈L †’Ny-éπ\úø. Karthik: We must be at the lab at 9. Shall I go?
iii) old boy Åçõ‰ close friend ÅØË Å®Ωnç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?
Åçö«ç. Column = 鬩ç = Application ™
ØËE-*a† °æE °æ‹JhîËÆœ† ûª®√yûË ¢Á∞«xL Sravan: Why are you so worried? Aswini is – ®√ñ¸- π◊-´÷®˝, ü¿Jz
ÅúÕÍí Å稻©’ – Åçü¿’èπ◊ ´’†ç ®√ߪ’-ö«-EéÀ
†’´¤y. -ûÁ-LÆœçü∆?)
Ééπ\úø Sandhya ´÷ô©Fo commands/ orders
here. We can go on his bike. -ï-¢√-•’: 1. †’´¤y ´’Ja-§Ú-û√-¢Ë¢Á÷†E í∫’®Ω’h î˨»†’ –
ÖüËl-Pç-*† ë«S Ææn©ç) b) Police officer: What is the time now? DEéÀ correct English - I have reminded you
= Çïc©’. Åçõ‰ ÇïcL-´y-ö«-EéÀ èπÿú≈ must Shopkeeper: Past 10.30 lest you (should) forget.
Klupta: I don't know how to fill in properly.
¢√úøû√ç. Police officer: Don't you know that you must 'That I have reminded you; ûª°æ¤p
(´’J- Ø√èπ◊ ÆæJí¬ Eç°æôç ®√ü¿’. É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o must uses: 2. Start early lest you should be late
Properly = v§ƒ°æ-L = ÆæJí¬_) close shop by 10.30? you must
1) Rules (E•ç-üµ¿-†-©èπ◊) 2) duties (Nüµ¿’-©èπ◊) close it now. Ç©Ææuç é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-™‰l®Ω’.
Vipula: Take your dad's help. Remember too
3) commands/ orders (Çïc-©èπ◊) Shopkeeper: The showcase is outside. I 3. He carried an umbrella lest he (should) get
that you must enclose all the certifi- drenched
Now practice the following in English: must keep it in.
cates. The application must reach the ûªúÕ-Æœ-§Ú-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ íÌúø’í∫’ BÂÆ\-∞«xúø’.
office on or before the 31st January. a) Police officer: I must not see the shop open
No 1, No 3 sentences ™ should omit îËߪ’-´îª’a.
fill certifi- Karthik: †’´¤y ready Ø√? •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ü∆´÷? after 10.30 again; understand?
(O’ Ø√†o ≤ƒßª’çûÓ îÁß˝’. ÅEo No. 2 ™ èπÿú≈ should lest you be late
BÊÆÆœ,
cates Application, office
ïûª-°æ-®√aL. Ç èπ◊, Sravan: é¬Ææh Çí∫’. ؈’ Ñ®Ó-V °∂‘V-éπ-ö«dL. Shopkeeper: Some other Police Officer came ņ-´îª’a. Lest = so that not.
31 st Jan ™‰ü∆ Åç-ûªèπ◊´·çü¿’í¬-F îË®√L. Åçü¿’-éπE úø•’s ûÁa-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. here to buy something. He i) Tell him it is from me. He will do it.
Certificate - ÆæöÀ-°∂œ-Èé-ß˝’ö¸ – Èé ØÌéÀ\ Karthik: Í®°æ¤ éπôd-èπÿ-úøü¿÷? ordered me to keep the shop (It is from me = ؈’ îÁ§ƒp-†E îÁ°æ¤p)
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) Sravan: Í®°æöÀ†’ç* ®ÓVèπ◊ Rs 10/- ïJ-´÷† éπö«dLq open until his purchases are ii) I knew that you would think so.
complete, sir. iii) Close friend old boy
†’, correct,
ņôç
Klupta: I must hurry up. (Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ûªy®Ω°æ-ú≈L) Öçô’çC.
(Purchases = é̆’-íÓ©’) Ææ®Ωy-≤ƒ-üµ∆-®Ωùç.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
iII
Subodh: Pramod, we must travel by some
morning train to avoid hot sun. So
let's have our tickets booked by an
early morning train.
(´’†ç Öü¿-ߪ’ç-°æ‹ô train ™ ¢Á∞«xL, áçúø
ûªí∫-©-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊. Åçü¿’-éπE ´’†ç
§Òü¿’l-†-°æ‹ô train èπ◊ tickets book îË®·ç-
-èπ◊çü∆ç.)
Pramod: And as it's going to be a long journey,
we must carry enough cash with us
as well. We must be careful about
spending too, not at every place can
we find an ATM of our bank.
(î√™« ü¿÷®Ω v°æߪ÷ùç 鬕öÀd ûªT-†çûª
úø•’s èπÿú≈ BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL. ÅC èπÿú≈ ñ«ví∫-
ûªhí¬ ê®Ω’a °ö«dL. ÅEo-îÓö«x ´’† bank
ATM Öçúø-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a)
(ATM = Automatic Teller Machine - Bank
card ûÓ úø•’s §Òçü¿-í∫© à®√pô’)
Subodh: We must carry food too. The food on
the train is very expensive and not at
all good.
(´’†ç A†-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ à¢Á’iØ√ BÆæ’Èé-∞«xL.
Train ™ ǣ慮Ωç êKüË é¬èπ◊çú≈ ¶«í∫’ç-
úøü¿’ èπÿú≈)
Ñ Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™ must ûÓ ´*a† expressions
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -Ç-C¢√®Ωç 29 -ï-†-´-J 2006
b) We must carry enough cash.
î√L-†çûªcash BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL ´’†ç, (™‰èπ◊çõ‰
É•sçC °æúøû√ç)
c) If I want to avoid the queue, I must be
there atleast by 8.
(Q ™ E©-´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçú≈©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, ؈-éπ\úø 8
éπ™«x Öçú≈L)
d) I must check up with him and see that
every thing is ready.
(ÅFo Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ÖØ√oßÁ÷ ™‰üÓ ¢√úÕûÓ ´÷ö«xúÕ
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√L)
°j ¢√é¬u-©-Eoçöx èπÿú≈ must, necessity (Å´-Ææ- 鬕öÀd have to/ has to expresses command, á°æ¤púø÷ î√™« †í∫-©ûÓ éπE-°œ-Ææ’hç-ü∆¢Á’. ¶«í¬
®√Eo – Åçõ‰ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’© v§Úü¿s©ç´©x ´’†èπ◊ 鬴-©- duty, necessity, etc., more powerfully than Ö†o ¢√∞Îkx Öçú≈L.
Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷©-†’, ´’†ç îËߪ’-´-©-Æœ-†N) ûÁ©’-°æ¤- should. 2) I see prasanth's name on the book.
It should be his.
ûª’çC. Must Ñ ´‚úÕçöx ÅEo-öÀ-éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ í∫öÀdí¬
´·êuçí¬ í∫´’-Eç-î√-LqçC: îÁ°æ¤hçC, commands é¬F, duty é¬F, necessity -Ç •’é˙ O’ü¿ v°æ¨»çû˝ Ê°®Ω’çC. ÅC Åûª-EüÁj
Have to/ has to, should, must- Öçú≈L.
Ñ ´‚úø’ èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç, Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬™x î√™« ü¿í∫_-®Ωí¬ é¬F, rules é¬F. practice the following in English
'Must' is stronger than have to/ has to or
ÖØ√o®· éπü∆. Kesav:
èπ◊´÷-®˝E ¢ÁçôØË Øˆ’ éπ©-¢√L. ÅûªúÕûÓ
Ñ ´‚úÕç-öÀF èπÿú≈ ´’†ç, Rules, duty, com- should.
´÷ö«x-ú≈-Lq† ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç äéπ-ô’çC.
mands, necessity ©†’ express îËߪ’-ö«-EéÀ I should go-
Gangadhar: Éçöx Öçú≈L°æ¤púø-ûª†’ ´’J. Å®Ω-í∫çô
¢√úøû√ç. ؈’ ¢Á∞«xL; éÀçü¿õ‰ ؈’ phone îËÊÆh îÁ§ƒpúø’
DØËo ÉçéÌçîÁç í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰– I have to go- ûªØÁ-éπ\-úÕéà ¢Á∞¡xôç ™‰ü¿E
Éçé¬ í∫öÀdí¬ îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰– I must go. Kesav: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ ¢ÁçôØË ¢Á∞«xL. †’´‹y ´≤ƒh¢√?
Gangadhar: ´÷ ÇNúø ûª††’ áéπ\-úÕéÓ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-
ÉO should, have to/ has to, must èπ◊ ÖçúË
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
104 ûËú≈©’. ´’çC. ØË¢Á-∞«xL ¢ÁçôØË. ÇNúø Ø√éÓÆæç
wait îËÆæ÷h Öçô’çC ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈.

We must be careful
îª÷ü∆lç.
Must travel, must carry, must be careful.
-É°æp-öÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊†o must Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬©’.
1) Must expresses rules. (E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûÁ©’-°æ¤-
ûª’çC)
Candidates must report for the interview at
9 AM on 2nd Feb 2006. Å®·ûË should
Oô-Eoç-öÀ™ mild (ûªèπ◊\´ force). For commands, duties, necessity and Kesav:
Å®·ûË ¢ÁçôØË
(2nd Feb 2006 ®ÓV Ŷµºu-®Ω’n-©’ interview èπ◊ should ´·êuçí¬ àC îËÊÆh ÆæJ, àC é¬ü¿’ ņ-ö«- rules. ¢Á∞¡Ÿx. ¶µ«®Ωu© N≠æ-
must
£æ…ï®Ω’ 鬢√L) EéÀ áèπ◊\´ ¢√úøû√ç. have to/ has to ߪ÷™x ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬
2) Must expresses commands (Çïc-L-´y-ö«-EéÀ a) You should be punctual should stronger strongest Öçú≈L ´’†ç.
must ¢√úøû√ç) (†’´¤ypunctual í¬ Öçú≈L– Öçúøôç ´’ç*C). least than form Gangadhar: †’´¤y ņ’-¶µº-
You must not do it again. b) He should not talk like that strong should ´çûÓ
Commands, rules
(´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç: ™«çöÀN îÁ•’ûª’-ç-ú≈-L
áçûª ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úÕûË Åçûª Kesav: Ok. Ok. ؈’ M. SURESAN
(O’JC ´’Sx îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøü¿’) (Åûª-†™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπÿ-úøü¿’– Å™« ´÷ö«x-úø-èπ◊çú≈
3) Must expresses duty. Öçõ‰ ´’ç*C) must
îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÀ
I must be at office until 5. should éπØ√o, have to/ has to, force áèπ◊\´. ´’ç*C. Must ´’K í∫öÀdí¬ Çñ«c-°œç-îªôç, ´’çü¿-Lç- ¢Á∞¡ŸhØ√o.
(âCçöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ ؈’ office ™ Öçú≈L) éÌçîÁç í∫öÀdí¬ command É´y-ö«-EéÀ, Nüµ∆-ߪ’éπç îªôç Å´¤-ûª’çC. ÅC ´’†ç àüÓ ´’† ÇCµ-éπu-ûª†’, Answer:
´’Sx °j Ææ綵«-≠æù îªCN must Ö†o expressions ÅE îÁ°æp-ö«-EéÃ, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ éÌçîÁç force ûÓ ûÁ©-°æ- ÅCµ-é¬-®√Eo îª÷°œç--èπ◊-†oô’d Å´¤-ûª’çC. ≤ƒ´÷- Kesav: I must / have to meet kumar urgently.
í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. ö«-EéÀ have to/ has to ¢√úøû√ç. †uçí¬ Çñ«c-°œç-îªôç, E•ç-üµ¿-†©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îªôç There is an important matter I have to
a) We must carry enough cash. a) I have to take my sister to the hospital Å®·ûË shall, should ©ûÓ ÇT-§Ú-´ôç good talk to him about./ I have to talk to him
(more powerful manners. Must, manners ûÁL-Æ œ-†-¢√∞¡Ÿx Çïc-©èπ◊
î√L-†çûª cash BÆæ’Èé-∞«xL ´’†ç BÆæ’-èπ◊-¢Á-∞«xL. î√™« Å´-Ææ®Ωç about something important.
b) We must travel by some morning train. than, 'I should take')... î√--™« Å®Ω’-ü¿’í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Duty, necessity ûÁ©-°æ- Gangadhar: He must be at home now. A short-
´’†ç §Òü¿’l† train ™ ¢Á∞«xL. b) He has to do whatever I want him to do ö«-EéÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥Eo •öÀd àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a). while ago I called him and he told
Should, must-
c) We must be careful. ØËØËC ¢√úÕo îÁߪ’u-´’ç--ö«ØÓ ¢√úøC îÁߪ÷u-LqçüË. me he wouldn't be going any-
´’†ç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ Öçú≈L. c) They have to finish the work by the -Ñ È®ç-úÕ-ç-öÀ-F ´’†ç éπ*aûªç ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo where.
°j ´‚úø’ ¢√é¬u™x must, necessity (Å´-Ææ-®√Eo) evening ûÁ©-°æ-ú≈-EéÀ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ ÉN perhaps Kesav: Then I must rush. Are you coming with
ûÁ©’-°æ¤-ûª’çC éπü∆? Åçõ‰ ´’†ç É•sçC °æúø-èπ◊çú≈, (≤ƒßª’ç-vû√-E-éπ™«x ¢√-∞«} °æE °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷-LqçüË). (•£æ›-¨¡) èπ◊ opposite. me?
b), c) ™ should ¢√úø-´îª’a have to/ has to èπ◊ Pramod: Any idea where Praful is?
´’†èπ◊ îÁúø’ ï®Ω-í∫-èπ◊çú≈ ´’† Å´-Ææ-®√Eo ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Gangadhar: My wife wanted me to take her
must ¢√úøû√ç. •ü¿’©’. Å®·ûË have to/ has to Åçûª force (v°æ°∂椙¸ áéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ à¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) somewhere. I must go home at
Manoj: He must be at home. He is expecting
a) We must hurry or we'll miss the beginning ®√ü¿’. once, she must be waiting for me.
d) He has made mistakes and has to face the some guests.
of the movie. Kesav: Then go. We must be careful about
consequences. (ÉçöxØË Öçú≈L ´’J. á´®Ó guests
´’†ç ûªy®Ωí¬ ¢Á∞«xL, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ movie begin- things connected with them.
éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’) Gangadhar: You must be speaking from expe-
ning miss Å´¤û√ç.
(ûª°æ¤p©’ î˨»úø’ 鬕öÀd °∂æLûªç ņ’-¶µº-Nç-î√-LqçüË).
Pramod: Who are the guests? (á´®Ω’ guests?)
rience.

-v°æ-¨¡o: Learn èπ◊ past ®Ω÷§ƒ©’ È®çúø’ learned, learnt ÅE ÖØ√o®·. Å™«Íí past
Manoj: His cousins from the states on a short
Kesav: Ok. Ok. I'm going.
visit to India.
participles èπÿú≈. Å®·ûË she learnt english ÅØ√™«? She learned eng- Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game practice îËߪ’çúÕ. éÀçü¿öÀ≤ƒJ
cousins - India
(Å¢Á’-J-鬙 Ö†o -ÅûªE èπ◊
lish ÅØ√™«?
É*a† game ™ infinitive practice î˨»-®Ω’-í∫ü∆.
-´î√a®Ω’. éÌCl ®ÓV--©’ç-ö«®Ω’) Ñ≤ƒJ sentence ™ verb èπ◊, infinitive èπÿ ´’üµ¿u
Å™«Íí passive voice ™ English was learned ņ-´î√a? English was Pramod: That should keep him busy for anoth-
me, us, you, him, her, it, them °öÀd practice
learnt ÅØË ÅØ√™«? Å™«Íí burnt, burned, dreamt, dreamed © í∫’-Jç-< er two days then.
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. îËߪ’çúÕ.
(Åçü¿’-´©x Åûªúø’ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ ®ÓV©’ eg: a) I want you to go;
– á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ busy í¬ Öçö«úø’) b) She wants him to sing
-ï-¢√-•’: Learned, learnt- past tense éπ®·Ø√, past participle éπ®·Ø√ OöÀ È®çúÕöx Ééπ\úø
busy-
must be at home, should keep him
É´Fo èπÿú≈ ´’†ç éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-C/
c) What do you want me to do?
àüÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a – ÅFo äéπõ‰, passive ™ èπÿú≈. ÅüË Nüµ¿çí¬, burned, d) Dad doesn't want me to waste time.
burnt, dreamt, dreamed N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ àüÁjØ√, à voice ™ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
-Öç-ô’çC ņ’-èπ◊ØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊. ûª°æp-E-ÆæJ ņ’-èπ◊ØË É™«ç-öÀN practice îËÆœ áEo sentences
Å®·ûË learned E ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ† (àüÁjØ√ subject) ÅØË Å®Ωnç™ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤úø’, N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊ must, should ¢√úøû√ç. îËߪ’-í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.
1) See her always with a lot of jewellry on.
learned (pronunciation - ™„Eú˛ – ™„ ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç) ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç.
She must be quite rich.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

iII Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ -´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 31 -ï-†-´-J 2006
Sravan: Hi Pavan, how was the movie yester- One of all time greats: All time great -
day? Ñ ´÷ô á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp-¢√-∞¡Ÿx-í¬ / -íÌ-°æp-Ní¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îË-
( movie
E†o ᙫ ÖçC?) ¢√∞¡Ÿx/ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îËN ÅE Å®Ωnç.
Pavan: Not very good, but not so bad either. a) Sankarabharanam is an all time great.
(Åçûª ¶«í¬-™‰ü¿’, Åçûª îÁúø’í¬ ™‰ü¿’) b) Tendulkar is an all time great.
Sravan: (Do) you suggest that I see it? ÅD all time great meaning and use.
suggest =
(îª÷úø-´’ç-ö«¢√? Ææ÷*ç-îªôç) Was showing: hall
*vûªç -äéπ ™ -Çúø’-ûª÷çC
Pavan: I leave it to you. (í∫ûªç™)
leave it to you =
(ÅC F É≠ædç FéÌ-C-™‰- Kranthi: The movie is excellent. You must
Ææ’hØ√o. F É≠ædç) see
Sravan: The other day, I happened to watch it. I feel like seeing it a second time.
best sequence in the movie . Answers:
an old English movie. 'The ten com- Prasanth: Where is it showing?
(Ç *vûªç™ ÅC Öûªh´’ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç) Sruthi: Hi Laya, weren't you (were you not) at
mandments' on the TV. A real good (ÅC áéπ\úø Çúø’-ûÓçC?) b) Most of the shots in the movie were shot in home yesterday?
movie - one of the all time greats. Kranthi: It is showing in Chitramahal.
Kashmir Laya: No, I went to a movie. I had not going
TV
(¢Á·ØÁo-°æ¤púÓ äéπ ®ÓV† ™ §ƒûª (ÅC *vûª-´’-£æ«-™¸™ Çúø’-ûÓçC) (
Ç *vûªç™ î√-™« ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»©’ é¬Qt-®˝™ B¨»®Ω’ better to do. (I went to a movie, having
English movie, 'The ten command- *vûªç -äéπ theatre showing
™ Çúøôç = ✓ Role= -§ƒ--vûª= part. - nothing better to do.)
ments movie.
îª÷¨»†’. Eïçí¬ íÌ°æp - Last week it was showing in Chitradarsini. I
a) SV Rangarao could act any role with ease Sruthi: Which movie, and where is it showing?
á°æp-öÀéà íÌ°æp¢Ë ņ’-èπ◊ØË ¢√öÀ™x -Å-üÌéπöÀ. don't know where it is showing now. Some
(SV ®Ωçí¬-®√´¤ à §ƒvûª-ØÁjØ√ Ææ’Ø√-ߪ÷-Ææçí¬ Laya: Premaku Kallu Levu. At Chitrajyothi.
(All time great - á°æ¤púø÷ íÌ°æp) other movie is showing in Chitradarsini.
(with ease) †öÀçîª-LÍí-¢√úø’) Sruthi: Was it good?
Pavan: Why didn't you tell me? (í∫ûª ¢√®Ωç ÅC *vûª-ü¿-Jz-E™ Ç-úÕç-C.É°æ¤úø’ áéπ\úø b) His is the most important role in the movie Laya: My God! What a bore (it was)!
(Ø√Èéç-ü¿’èπ◊ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’?) Çúø’-ûª’çüÓ ûÁMü¿’. *vûª-ü¿-Jz-E™ ÉçÍéüÓ movie (
Ç *vûªç™ Åûª-EC ÅA ´·êu-¢Á’i† §ƒvûª)
Sravan: I didn't know myself that it was show- Çúø’-ûÓç-C-°æ¤púø’) Sruthi: Who were the actors? \ What was the
act a role = do a role = take on a role
ing. I just turned on HBO channel and cast?
(
äé𠧃vûª™ †öÀç-îªôç)
there it was. Laya: The movie featured a big cast./ The
a) Nageswara Rao acted the role of Narada in
HBO
(Ø√èπ◊ ûÁMü¿’ ÅC -´-≤Úhç-ü¿-E Ü-JÍé actors were all great./ The cast includ-
Bhukailas \ Nageswara Rao did the role of
channel movie
A§ƒp†’. Ñ éπE-°œç-*çC) ed all great actors.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Narada .
Pavan: Was it very good? Sruthi: How did they act?/ How did they do?/
105 (Ø√Íí-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤ Ø√®Ωü¿’úÕ §ƒvûª ¢Ë¨»®Ω’)
(î√™« ¶«í∫’çü∆?) How did they perform?/ How was their
Sravan: You can say that again and again.

Tendulkar is an all time great

(´’Sx-´’Sx -îÁ§Òpa. Ç ´÷ô.)
It ran to packed houses for weeks
together those days
Houseful
(Ç ®ÓV™x ¢√®√© ûª®Ω-•úÕ í¬
†úÕ-*çC)
Pavan: Who were the cast?
(û√®Ω-™„-´®Ω’?) b) He acted the role well performance?
Sravan: The movie features Charlton Heston Ran to packed houses: Houseful í¬ ÇúÕçC. (
Ç §ƒvûª™ Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’) Laya: They couldn't
as Moses and Yul Brynner as the Packed house = houseful
✓ Live a role =
§ƒvûª ™  @Nç- î ª ô ç act well./They
Pharaoh. Run to packed houses = houseful í¬ †úø-´úøç. ✓ Do justice to a role = didn't do well.
✓ movie
(Moses Charlton Heston, Pharaoh
í¬ run
Çúø-ö«Eo ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç. §ƒvûª è π ◊ Ø√uߪ ’ ç îË è π ÿ - ® Ω a ôç
✓ Comic role = Sruthi: So I need not
✓
Yul Brynner
í¬ Moses-
†öÀç-î√®Ω’. - Çmovie É°æpöÀ-´-®Ωèπ◊ 4 ¢√®√©’ ÇúÕçC. £æ … Ææ u §ƒvûª ,
✓ Tragic role =
ü¿’”ê-§ƒvûª see it.
Pharaoh - Egyptian- The movie has run for the past four weeks.
Ñ≤ƒJ Ñ game ÇúøçúÕ. M. SURESAN
¢Á÷ñ‰Æˇ; §∂ƒ®Ó îªvéπ- ✓ Perform =
✓ éπ*a-ûªçí¬ 100 ®ÓV©’ Çúø’-ûª’çC =
´Jh) E®Ωy£œ«ç-îª-úøç
✓ He performed well =
Çߪ’† ¶«í¬ †öÀç-î√úø’. I know what to do.
Pavan: Any special feature of it? It will certainly run for a hundred days.
His performance as Sri Rama deserves all
movie
(Ç ™ àçöÀ -v°æ-ûËuéπ-ûª?) ✓ movie Åçü¿Ko Çéπ-J{ç-îË-ü¿-®·ûË– (ØËØËç îËߪ÷™ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’) Ééπ\úø O’®Ω’ îËߪ÷-Lqç-
praise.
Sravan: The cleavage of the sea. It's a grand It's a big draw. ü¿ ™«x ÉüË †´‚-Ø√™ O’®Ω’ îÁ°æp-í∫-L_-†Eo sentences
shot. I have yet to see such a shot in a) This movie will be a big draw
(X®√-´·-úÕí¬ Çߪ’† †ô† ¢Á’a-éÓ-ûª-í∫_C.) æp-í∫-©_úøç. Variety èπÿú≈ Öçú≈L. Åçõ‰, no ûÓ†÷,
✓ (Deserve = Å®Ω|ûª éπLT Öçúøôç.
îÁ °
any movie. It looked as though the sea (Ñ movie Åçü¿®Ω÷ É≠æd-°æ-ú≈h®Ω’/ ÅC Åçü¿Ko questions, dialogue form èπÿú≈ ®√¢√L. Å®Ωnç cor-
He deserves an award
really parted by a path. That's the high- Çéπ-J{-Ææ’hçC.) rect í¬ Öçú≈L.
(Çߪ’† •£æ›-´’-AéÀ Å®Ω’|úø’)
light of the movie. (It will run to packed houses) eg: a) Hema forgot how to open the box
✓ Comedy = Ææ’ë«ç-ûª-¢Á’i-†/-£æ…-Ææu-v°æ-üµ∆-†-¢Á’i-† éπü∑¿
(Ææ´·vü¿ç <©ôç – Å™«çöÀShot †’ ؈’ b) *vûªç™ àüÁjØ√ ã ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç î√-™« -íÌ-°æp-ü¿-®·ûË, ÅC (box ᙫ ûÁ®Ω-¢√™ Ê£«´’ ´’Ja-§Ú-®·çC)
èπÿú≈ big draw ØË. /movie / Ø√ôéπç
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ à ÆœE-´÷-™†÷ îª÷úø-™‰ü¿’. ✓ Tragedy = ü¿’”ë«ç-ûª-¢Á’i† Ø√ô-éπç/-*-vûªç/-éπü∑¿ b) She did not know where to sit
Eïç-í¬ØË Ææ´·vü¿ç È®çúø’-§ƒ--ߪ’© ´’üµ¿u The chariot race in Benhur is a big draw
a) Missamma is a comedy (áéπ\úø èπÿ®Óa-¢√™ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ûÁM-™‰ü¿’)
ü∆Í®-®ΩpúÕ†ô’d îª÷°œç-î√®Ω’. Ç movie-™ - (Benhur ™ ®Ωü∑∆© °æçüÁç ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç ´·êu Çéπ-®Ω{ù.)
b) Devadasu is a tragedy c) Do you know when to start?
v°æ-üµ∆-† Çéπ-®Ω{ù ÅüË.) ✓ Movie™ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç = sequence (Æ‘ÈéyØ˛q) Big
Comic role = £æ…Ææu §ƒvûª; (á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)
Pavan: can we get a CD of it?
CD
(ü∆E üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çü∆?)
draw, high light ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé Å®Ωnç éπ©-N = ´·êu-
Ç-éπ-®Ω{ù. Tragic role = ü¿’”ê-°æ‹-J- §ƒvûª Ñ sentence pattern í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ:
a) Brahmanandam is known for his comic roles Sub. ûª®√yûª verb, Ç ûª®√yûª 'Wh' Word, Ç ûª®√yûª
Sravan: Definitely (ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈) ✓ caste = û√®√-í∫ùç, movie /drama™.
(£æ…Ææu-§ƒ-vûª-©èπ◊ -v•£æ…t-†ç-ü¿ç v°æÆ œ-Cl¥-§Òç-ü∆úø’) infinitive éπü∆. Ñ dialogue èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ.
Ñ Ææ綵«≠æù©çû√ ÆœE´÷ í∫’JçîË éπü∆. Ñ a) 'Danaveera Sura karna' casts Rama Rao in
b) Some artists are suitable for tragic roles Prem: Do you remember when to start?
lesson™ movie èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† vocabulary the roles of Duryodhana, Krishna and Karna.
(éÌçü¿®Ω’ †ô’©’ ü¿’”ê-§ƒ-vûª©’ ¶«í¬ îË≤ƒh®Ω’.) (á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ ñ«c°æéπç Öçü∆?)
(°æü¿-ñ«©ç) ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ü∆´÷ ? -´·ç-ü¿’ -Ñ ´÷ô©’ (ü∆†-O-®Ω-¨¡⁄-®Ω-éπ-®Ωg™ ®√´÷-®√´¤ -ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†, éπ%-≠æ-g, éπ®Ω’g- comedian
îª÷úøçúÕ; movie, TVéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*-†N. úÕí¬ ´‚úø’ §ƒvûª-™x †öÀç-î√úø’) £æ…Ææu-†-ô’úø’ = Syam: I do, but you did not tell me where to go.
1. Movie 2. Watch a movie on the TV b) He is cast as a villain in the movie
(éπO’-úÕ-ߪ’-Ø˛–'-O’—-ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç (ûÁ©’Ææ’. é¬F áéπ\-úÕ-Èé-∞«x™ †’´¤y îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.)
Relangi was a great comedian É™« Ñ game practice îËÆœ áEo sentences ®√ߪ’-
3. One of all time greats 4. Was showing ( movie
Ç villain
™ ÅûªEC (N©Ø˛) §ƒvûª) comedienne
£æ…Ææu-†öÀ = (éπN’-úŒ-ߪ’Ø˛),
5. turned on 6. ran to packed houses c) The cast of the movie has chitrakumar as í∫-©®Ó îª÷úøçúÕ.
7. cast 8. featured 9. shot 10. highlight hero and chitrasri as the heroine
úŒ, O’ éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ØÌéÀ\-°æ-©-é¬L.
´÷´‚-©’í¬ îª©-†-*vûªç -Åç-õ‰ English movie.
™ (Ç *vûªç-™ -*-vûªèπ◊-´÷®˝ £‘«®Óí¬, -*-vûª-vQ -£‘«®Ó®·-Ø˛í¬ Practice the following in English. -v°æ-¨¡o-: éπÈ®-Fq -ØÓ-ôx-O’-ü¿ -
'I PROMiSE
Cinema Åçõ‰ English ™ cinema hall, hall
Ç ™ -†-öÀç-î√®Ω’) Sruthi: Hi Laya, †’´¤y E†o ≤ƒßª’çvûªç Éçöx TO PAY THE BEARER THE
ÇúË *vûªç é¬ü¿’. The cinema Åçõ‰ -†-*vûª°æJ- d) Feature ÅØ√o èπÿú≈ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅüË. ™‰¢√? SUM OF TWENTY RUPEES' -
English film a) The movie, Ninnu Nenu Pelladanu features Laya =
™‰†’. àçîË-ߪ÷™ ûÓîªéπ Movie Èé∞«x†’ Å-E -Öç-ô’ç-C.-D-E -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ?
-áÆˇ.-á-¢˛’.-úÕ. -É®√p¥-Ø˛, -†ç-ü∆u©- -
v¨¡´’. -†-*-vû√Eo ™ ÅE èπÿú≈ ņ-
That cinema is good hall Natesh and Abhinetri in the lead roles à Sruthi: movie,
áéπ\-ú≈-úø’-ûÓçC?
-ï-¢√-•’.- Currency notes O’ü¿ Ç
´îª’a. Åçõ‰ Ç ÆœE´÷
¶«í∫’ç-ü¿ØË é¬F, Åçü¿’™ Çúø’-ûª’†o *vûªç ¶«í∫’ç-ü¿E ('E†’o ؈’ °∞«x-ú≈†’— *vûªç™ †õ‰≠ˇ, ÅGµ-ØËvA vÊ°´’èπ ◊ Laya:
éπ ∞ ¡ Ÿx ™‰´¤. *vûª-ñ u-A™.
é¬ü¿’. v°æüµ∆† §ƒvûªüµ∆®Ω’©’.Lead role = v°æüµ∆†§ƒvûª, ¶«í∫ ’çü∆? Sruthi: sentence ™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÅC à N©’-´-™‰E ´÷´‚©’ é¬T-
See / watch a movie = movie îª÷úøôç. movie Laya: My God,
áçûª bore éÌöÀdçüÓ?
™ é¬F Ø√ô-éπç™ é¬E.) ûª¢Ë’ Å´¤-ûª’çC. Currency notes ñ«K-îË-ÊÆC
(Å®·ûË am seeing / is seeing / are seeing a b) The movie features all great actors Sruthi:
†ô’-™„-´®Ω’? Reserve Bank of India. ü∆E ÅCµ-é¬J Governor
movie ņç. Am+ing / is+ing / are + ing ¢√ú≈Lq ( Laya:
íÌ°æp-†-ô’™‰ ÖØ√o®Ω’. é¬F movie àç ¶«í¬-
Ç *vûªç™ û√®Ω-©ç-ü¿®Ω÷ íÌ°æp-¢√∞Ïx.) of Reserve Bank of India. Ç ÅCµ-é¬J ´’†-éÀîËa
´ÊÆh am watching / is watching / are watching c) The movie features him in a minor role ™‰ü¿’. £æ…O’ßË’ Ç sentence - Ñ é¬Tûªç- Ö-†o á´-J-ÈéjØ√
a movie ņôç correct) (Åûª†’ Ç movie ™ ã *†o-§ƒ-vûª™ éπEp-≤ƒhúø’.) Sruthi: ¢√∞Îx™« î˨»®Ω’? (bearer) ؈’ ®Ω÷. 20/– (™‰éπ-§ÚûË ÉçÈéç-ûª-®·Ø√)
TV™ = on the TV. We are watching an inter- ✓ Shot = *vûªç™ ÆæEo-¢Ë¨¡ç =sequence. Laya: ¢√∞¡⁄x à´’çûª íÌ°æpí¬ †öÀç-îª-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ߪ÷®Ω’.
Sruthi: Å®·ûË Øˆ’ îª÷úø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰-ü¿-†o-´÷ô.
îÁLx-≤ƒh-†E.
esting programme on the TV. (in the TV é¬ü¿’) a) That's the best shot in the movie=That's the

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm