08 St eam r ai si ng ( boi l er operation~design)

mor e compl et el y in t he boiler, due to t he earl i er r el ease of bi omas s

volatiles. The NOx emi ssi on dat a in t he t r ans i ent exper i ment s i ndi cat e
t hat bi omass mor e readi l y r el eases NOx even at lower t emper at ur es .
However, when t he f ur nace r eached hi gher t emper at ur es , t he bl end
r el eased less NOx t han coal despi t e t he hi gher N cont ent of FB; but CO
emi ssi on i ncr eased. The l ong dur at i on exper i ment s in t he modi f i ed
facility conf i r m NOx r educt i on with t he firing of bl end. Lar ge scale
pilot pl ant t est s per f or med at t he DOE Nat i onal Ener gy Technol ogy
Labor at or i es, Pi t t sbur gh conf i r m i mpr oved combus t i on, but NO~
emi ssi on ar e t he s ame for bot h t he coal and bl end.
02/ 02108 Desi gn of a 12 MW t r i - cogener at i on syst em of
gas, heat and power
Wang, Q. et al. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluidized
Bed Combustion, 2001, (16), 439-448.
To meet t he s hor t age of t he gas with me di um cal ori fi c-val ue, heat and
power, a new 12 MW t r i - cogener at i on syst em of gas, heat and power
has been desi gned for a power pl ant in Chi na. In t hi s syst em, one
fl ui di zed bed gasi fi er is combi ned with a 75 t/h ci rcul at i ng fl ui di zed bed
boi l er to real i ze gas and s t eam cogener at i on. Thi s paper i nt r oduces t he
desi gn f eat ur es of t he 12 MW t r i - cogener at i on syst em in detail. A
si mpl i fi ed model devel oped for t he t r i - cogener at i on syst em is us ed to
pr edi ct t he per f or mance pa r a me t e r s of t he 12 MW t r i - cogener at i on
syst em i ncl udi ng t he gas yield, gas composi t i on, cal ori fi c-val ue of gas
and t emper at ur e in t he gasi fi er and t he boiler.
02/ 02109 Enhanced mercury cont rol f or coal - f i r ed ut i l i t y
boi l ers
Kudl ac, G. A. and Amr he i n, G. T. Proceedings - Annual International
Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 2000, (17), 1731-1745.
The Ohi o Coal De ve l opme nt Office wi t hi n t he Ohi o De pa r t me nt of
Devel opment , Babcock & Wilcox Compa ny ( B&W) , and Mc De r mot t
Technol ogy, I ncor por at ed ( MTI ) conduct ed a pr ogr am to opt i mi ze and
commer ci al i ze me t hods to cont r ol Hg in coal -fi red utility boilers. Of
par t i cul ar i nt er est is i mpr ovi ng Hg cont r ol usi ng convent i onal flue gas
cl ean- up e qui pme nt such as el ect rost at i c pr eci pi t at or s (ESP) and wet
scr ubber s. Al so, i nt er est in t he ul t i mat e fat e of t he capt ur ed Hg has
become i ncreasi ngl y i mpor t ant . Pi l ot -scal e t est i ng exami ni ng e nha nc e d
Hg cont r ol t echnol ogi es for wet s cr ubber - equi pped ut i l i t i es was
conduct ed at t he B&W Cl ean Envi r onment Devel opment Facility at
t he MTI Al l i ance Res ear ch Cent er . Res ul t s f r om pi l ot -scal e t est s and
from t he initial st udy of t he fat e of Hg pr es ent in pr ocess bypr oduct
s t r eams are di scussed,
02/ 02110 Exper i ment al research on t wo- st age
desul f ur i zat i on t echnol ogy in t r avel i ng grat e boi l ers
Zhou, J. et al. Energy, 2001, 26, (8), 759-774.
In or der to pr omot e t he desul f ur i zat i on efficiency of cal ci um- based
s or bent s dur i ng coal combus t i on in t ravel l i ng gr at e boilers, t he
i nf l uences on sul f ur r emoval of t he t her mal condi t i ons and t he
s or bent s were di scussed in t hi s paper . It was f ound t hat t he SO_,
concent r at i on first rises, t hen decl i nes al ong t he t ravel l i ng gr at e and
r eaches t he peak near t he mi dpoi nt of t he grat e. The f l uct uat i on of t he
SO2 concent r at i on over t i me in t he flue gas is mai nl y affect ed by t he
fl ame t emper at ur e. Whe n t he part i cl e size of t he s or bent s decr eases
from 75 to 0.1 #m, t he sul f ur r emoval efficiency will i ncr ease slightly. A
r easonabl e Ca/S mol ar rat i o is about 2 when s or bent s are bl ended with
t he coal on t he gr at e and its f ur t her i ncr ease has little benef i t to
desul f ur i zat i on. A new, so-cal l ed t wo-st age desul f ur i zat i on pr ocess -
sul f ur capt ur e firstly in t he coal bed and secondl y in t he combus t i on gas
- is s ugges t ed as it can great l y pr omot e t he sul f ur r emoval efficiency up
to 70~80%. By X-ray powder di ffract i on anal ysi s, s ome t her mal st abl e
phas es were i dent i fi ed in t he sul f ur r et ent i on ci nder obt ai ned f r om t he
on- gr at e process.
02/ 02111 Heat recovery boi l er f or coal gasi f i cat i on
Yoshi da, K. et al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 2000 329,272 (C1.
C10J3/46), 27 Nov 2001, Appl . 2000/150,100, 22 May 2000. 9. (In
Japanese)
The syst em compr i ses me a ns for i nt r oduci ng hi gh- t emper at ur e raw
pr oduct gases f r om a coal gasi fi cat i on f ur nace i nt o t he apex sect i on of a
was t e- heat boi l er havi ng mul t i pl e heat - t r ans f er duct s, me a n s for
di schar gi ng cool ed gases f r om t he boi l er bot t om aft er heat recovery
i nt o a cyclone s epar at or havi ng f unnel - s haped gas flow i nver t er and
dust collecting duct , me a ns for adj ust i ng t he flow of t he pr oduct gases
aft er dus t st r i ppi ng and pas s i ng it t hr ough t he heat - t r ans f er duct s, and
me a ns for f eedi ng t he s epar at ed dus t i nt o t he coal gasi fi cat i on f ur nace.
The syst em pr event s pl uggi ng of dus t deposi t s i nsi de t he heat - t r ans f er
duct s and r educes ener gy cost.
02/ 02112 Model i ng of t her mal char act er i st i cs f or a f ur nace
of a 500 MW boi l er f i red wi t h hi gh- ash coal
Koupr i anov, V. I. Energy, 2001, 26, (9), 839-853.
An advanced zonal comput at i onal me t hod has been used to det er mi ne
t he t e mpe r a t ur e and heat flux profi l es and ot her t her mal char act er -
istics for a f ur nace of t he 500 MW boi l er fi red wi t h hi gh- ash, me di um-
volatile Eki bast uz coal. The pr edi ct ed t e mpe r a t ur e profi l es for a 100%
boi l er l oad and di f f er ent me t hods of fuel di st r i but i on t hr ough t he
bur ner t i ers were compar ed with r espect i ve dat a obt ai ned in
exper i ment al tests. The effect s of t he fuel dus t f i nenes s and excess
air on t he f ur nace t e mpe r a t ur e pat t er n were st udi ed. The case
associ at ed with t he r educed boi l er l oads were consi der ed as well. The
lower limit for t he boi l er l oad has been est abl i shed, based on t he
pr edi ct ed resul t .
02/ 02113 Numer i cal anal ysi s of a pr ot ect i on t echni que f or
t ube erosi on in ut i l i t y boi l ers
Fan, J. R. et al. Chem. Eng. Commun., 2001, (188), 129-142.
Er osi on of heat - exchanger t ubes by coal part i cl es and coal - ash
i mpi ngement has caus ed ser i ous pr obl ems to utility boi l ers. I n t hi s
paper , r esul t s are pr es ent ed of numer i cal i nvest i gat i ons of f i nned- t ube
er osi on pr ot ect i on t echni ques. The s e i ndi cat e t hat fi ns fixed on t he
t ubes provi de a si mpl e and effi ci ent er osi on pr ot ect i on me t hod for
par t i cl e- l aden syst ems, whi ch have er osi on pr obl ems.
02/ 02114 Opt i mi sed NHa- i nj ect i on in CFB- boi l er s
Lj ungdahl , B. and Larfel dt , J. Recents Progres en Genie des Procedes,
2000, 14, (75), 295-302.
A commonl y used me t hod t o r educe t he emi ssi ons of NOx in CFBC
boi l ers is to add NHs ( SNCR) in t he cycl one inlet. However,
exper i ence shows t hat t he conver si on of NOx is s omet i mes ineffective.
In t hi s work it was f ound t hat at condi t i ons when combus t i on occur in
t he cycl one, t he r educt i on of NOx coul d be i mpr oved by at l east 30% by
shi f t i ng t he posi t i on of a mmoni a addi t i on to t he i nner vort ex of t he
cyclone. At condi t i ons when no combus t i on occur s in t he cyclone t he
CO emi ssi on was f ound to decr eas ed 60% at t he s ame meas ur es ,
wi t hout any si gni fi cant changes in NOx r educt i on and NHs-sl i p. The
decr ease in CO is expl ai ned by compet i t i on bet ween NHs decompr es -
si on and CO oxi dat i on for OH radi cal s. The posi t i on for a mmoni a
addi t i on in t he cycl one was f ound f r om l abor at or y exper i ment s of t he
mi xi ng char act er i st i cs of such cycl ones and model l i ng of t he SNCR
r eact i on at wel l -st i rred condi t i ons.
02/ 02115 Per f or mance t est dat a f rom t he f i rst 23 MWt ABFB
boi l er in Tur key
Oymak, O. et al, Proceedings of the International Conference on
Fluidized Bed Combustion, 2001, (16), 994-1001.
Thi s paper looks i nt o t he const r uct i on, commi ssi oni ng, initial s t ar t - up
oper at i on and per f or mance t est dat a of 23 MW t at mos pher i c bubbl i ng
fl ui di zed bed ( ABFB) boi l er pr oj ect at Al ki m Chemi cal s I ncor por at ed,
Dazki ri , Turkey. Thi s boi l er was desi gned by Babcock&Wi l cox ( B&W)
and suppl i ed and i nst al l ed by Babcock Wilcox Ga ma I ncor por at ed, a
j oi nt vent ur e company of B&W and Ga ma Ind. in Tur key. The boiler is
desi gned for s t eam flow of 8.3 kg/s, 4.2 MPa g and 440C with
f eedwat er t e mpe r a t ur e of 125C. The boi l er ut i l i zes lignite with hi gher
heat i ng val ue of 3600-5100 kcal / kg bur ni ng in its own ash. Var i ous
desi gn aspect s of t he boiler such as open bot t om f ur nace and fl ue gas
reci rcul at i on, per f or mance, auxiliary e qui pme nt , and initial st ar t - up
oper at i ng per f or mance are also di scussed.
02102116 Progress t owar d commer ci al i zat i on of wood/ coal
cof i r i ng in st oker boi l ers in Pi t t sbur gh
Cobb, J. T. and Wi l l i am, W. Proceedings - Annual International
Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 2000, (17), 1846-1857.
The Uni ver si t y of Pi t t sbur gh is wor ki ng t owar d t he es t abl i s hment of t he
commer ci al i zat i on of a wood/ coal bl end for us e in st oker boi l ers in
Pi t t sbur gh. The net wor k of compani es and agenci es bei ng devel oped
for t hi s pur pos e i ncl udes a wood pr ocessor , several coal br oker s, t he
oper at or s of several st oker boi l er pl ant s and t he known air pol l ut i on
regul at ors. Pr ogr a mme par t i ci pant s al so i ncl ude t he Uni versi t y, t he
Nat i onal Ener gy Technol ogy Labor at or y, and several f undi ng agenci es.
A t est pr ogr a mme was pl anned for t he Summe r 2000 at t he Pi t t sbur gh
Br ewi ng Compa ny boiler pl ant wi t h work at t he Bellefield Boi l er Pl ant
and t he Br ucet on Res ear ch Cent r e bei ng pl anned for l at er in 2000.
I ssues bei ng addr es s ed are (1) t he pr epar at i on of wood for opt i mal
bl endi ng, (2) t he ma xi mum allowable per cent age of wood in t he bl end,
(3) t he s our ces of wood to provi de t he ne e de d amount s , and (4) t he
bus i nes s a r r a nge me nt s for pr ovi di ng t he bl end. The paper will pr es ent
a s t at us r epor t on t he pr ogr amme.
02/ 02117 Reduct i on of chl or i ne deposi t i on in FB boi l ers
wi t h al umi ni um- cont ai ni ng addi t i ves
Aho, M. Fuel, 2001, 80, (13), 1943-1951.
Chl or i ne- cont ai ni ng fuel s t end to f or m corrosi ve deposi t s on t he heat
t r ansf er sur f aces of boi l er f ur naces. Hi gh risk chl or i ne c ompounds are
of type MCI, wher e M is Na or K. Exper i ment s were per f or med wi t h an
electrically st abi l i zed 20 kW bubbl i ng bed r eact or to det er mi ne t he
concent r at i ons of C1 c ompounds in deposi t s and fine fly ash. The fuel s
F uel and Energy Abs tracts Jul y 2002 273