Ministry of Environment and Water Management Romania - Regional Waste Management Plan - Region 1

1
Document Lead Sheet

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND WATER
MANAGEMENT ROMANIA

REGIONAL WASTE MANAGEMNT PLAN
REGION 1

December 2006

Regional Waste Management Plan Region-1 Nord Est
2 December 19
th
, 2006
CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 6
2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION 10
2.1 General overview 10
2.1.1 Brief presentation of the region Physical and Geographical Data 10
2.1.2 Protected areas 15
2.1.3 Infrastructure 16
2.1.4 Demographic data and human settlements 19
2.1.5 Economic development 21
2.2 Municipal waste management 26
2.2.1 Waste generation 27
2.2.2 Collection and transport of municipal waste 33
2.2.3 Waste treatment for recovery or disposal 38
2.2.4 Waste disposal 40
Settlement covered 42
3. REGIONAL OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS 43
3.1 Principles 43
3.2 Regional objectives and targets 44
4. PROGNOSIS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE AND PACKAGING WASTE 54
4.1 Evolution trend of the relevant factors for municipal and packaging waste
generation 54
4.2 Prognosis of municipal waste generation 55
4.3 Prognosis of generated packaging waste 60
4.4 Quantifying the targets 62
4.4.1 Quantifying the targets for biodegradable municipal waste 62
4.4.2 Quantifying the targets for packaging waste 63
5. SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS 65
5.1 Hazardous waste as part of municipal waste 65
5.2 Waste of electronic and electric equipments 69
5.3 End of life vehicles 76
5.4 Construction and demolition waste 78
5.5 Sludge from wastewater treatment plants 80
6. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVES 83
6.1 Brief Description of Potential Technical Alternatives 83
7. CALCULATION OF NEEDED CAPACITY FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT 93
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7.1 Projects concerning waste management 93
7.2 Collection and transport 95
7.3 Treatment and recovery 98
7.4 Disposal 100
8. COST ASSESSMENT 105
8.1 Costing Assumptions 105
8.2 Costs of Proposed Regional Investments 106
8.3 Affordability Implications of Proposed Investments 108
8.3.1 Macro Affordability 109
8.3.2 Existing Tariff Levels 112
8.3.3 Tariff Impacts of Proposed Investments 113
9. IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES 116
10. SYSTEM MONITORING 135

4 December 19
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GLOSSARY

GDP Gross Domestic Product
LEPA Local Environmental Protection Agency
REPA Regional Environmental Protection Agency
NEPA National Environmental Protection Agency
ToR Terms of Reference
RWMP Regional Waste Management Plans
RAPP Romanian Association Packaging Producers
5 December 19
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, 2006
Foreword
Elaborated on the basis of the European and Romanian legislation, the Regional
Waste Management Plan for Region 1 North East transposes, at regional level,
the objectives of the National Waste Management Strategy.
This document intends to promote cooperation between local and county
authorities in order to create and develop an integrated waste management
system to replace the current system, which is inefficient, both from economic
and environment protection point of view. It is intended this way to identify
suitable solutions, adjusted to the particularities of the region, to assure the
fulfillment of the national targets and the commitments that Romania has
made through Chapter 22 Environment.
The Plan intends to provide a general frame for the development of future projects
and programmes in the area of waste management, it represents an instrument
based on which financial assistance, and support can be obtained from the
European Union.
In parallel with the elaboration of this plan, stages of the procedure of
Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) have been completed, offering the
public the possibility to express their opinion with regards to the options
adopted.
We would like to thank all local, county and regional authorities which have
contributed to the elaboration of this first regional waste management plan.

Executive Director
Regional Environment Protection Agency Bacau,
dr. ing. Iulian MOVILA

6 December 19
th
, 2006
1. INTRODUCTION
The Waste Framework Directive (Directive 2006/12/EC) stipulates the obligation
for the Member States to elaborate one or more waste management plans, in
compliance with the provisions of the relevant directives.
Emergency Ordinance nr. 61/2006 for the modification and completion of the
Governmental Emergency Ordinance nr. 78/2000 regarding waste (which
transposes the Waste Framework Directive) stipulates the obligation to elaborate
the national, regional and local waste management plans. It is also mentioned
that regional waste management plans are elaborated by the County Councils in
cooperation with the Regional Environmental Protection Agencies, according to
the National Waste Management Plan. The Regional Waste Management Plans
are approved by common order of the central environmental protection agency
manager and the central public authority manager for regional development.

Waste management legislation

European Directives regarding waste management can be divided into four main
groups:
Waste Framework legislation Waste Framework Directive 2006/12/EC,
consisting in provisions for all types of waste, with the exception of those
regulated by other Directives and the Hazardous waste Directive (Directive
91/689/EEC), consisting in provisions regarding hazardous waste correct
management, recovery and disposal;
Special flows waste legislation: regulations regarding packaging, and
packaging waste, waste oil, batteries and accumulators, PCBs and PCTs,
sludge from waste water treatment, end of life vehicles, Waste from
Electric and Electronic Equipment, titan dioxide waste;
Waste treatment operations legislation regulations regarding municipal
and hazardous waste incineration; waste disposal by landfilling;
Waste transport, import and export legislation.

All these directives were transposed into the Romanian legislation. Annex 1
presents a synthesis of the European and Romanian legislation for waste
management.

Why a Regional Waste Management Plan?

Waste management plans have a key role in the development of a sustainable
waste management. Their main goal is to present waste flows and their
management options. Waste management plans represent the planning
framework for the following aspects:
Compliance with waste policies and targets accomplishment waste
management plans represent important tools for policy implementation
and the achievement of waste management targets.
Establish the needed and characteristic capacities for waste management
waste management plans present the waste flows and quantities that
should be collected, recycled, treated and/or disposed off. Moreover, they
ensure the waste collection, recycling, treatment and/or disposal
capacities and options, based on the waste that needs to be managed.
7 December 19
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Technological measures control the presentation of waste flows ensures
the identification of areas that need technological measures for certain
types of waste disposal or minimization.
Economic and investment requirements presentation waste
management plans represent a starting point in establishing the financial
requirements for the operation of waste collection, recycling, treatment
and disposal schemes. The waste recycling, treatment and disposal
installations investments can be determined based on this.
The increasing complexity of waste management problems and standards lead to
increased requirements regarding waste recycling, treatment and/or disposal
installations. In many cases, this means bigger and more complex waste
recycling, treatment and/or disposal facilities, which implies the cooperation of
several regional bodies to establish and operate these facilities.

RWMP for Region 1 North East

During 2002-2004, the Waste management model plan and the Guidelines for the
elaboration of the regional/county waste management plans were created, as part
of the Romanian - German twinning project (RO 2001/IB/EN/01) developed by the
Ministry of Environment and Water Management.
Based on the model plan, guidelines and supplementary requirements of MEWM
and NEPA, during August 2005 August 2006, the first RWMP draft was created
under the coordination of REPA Bacau for Region 1.
Starting with 1st August 2006, the RWMP draft was revised and the final version
was elaborated as part of the project: Technical Assistance for the Elaboration of
Waste Management Regional Plans (PHARE/2004/016-772.03.03/04.01).
During the entire period of elaboration the RWMP were organised Working
Groups, to which participated representatives of the following institutions as
members of the workgroups: LEPAs, County Councils, Regional Development
Agency, Statistics Regional Direction, cement industry (Carpatcement Holding
Bicaz Branch).
The LEPAs provided the current situation data, based on the reports from the
sanitation agents, City Halls and other companies involved in waste management.
These data were analysed by the working groups members. Where errors were
identified corrections were made based on statistical indicators.

Representatives of the cement industry offered data regarding the possibility of
co-incineration of municipal waste and sludge from the waste water treatment
plants.
Representatives of the County Councils offered information regarding the waste
management projects at county level.
The results obtained by the Working Groups were presented progressively to the
Coordination Committee: data regarding the current situation, regional objectives
and targets and planning elements. Comments and proposals of the Coordination
Committee were integrated in the final version of the RWMP.
The Coordination Committee is composed of the decision makers,
representatives of the County Councils, REPA, LEPAs, National Environmental
Guard, NEPA and Regional Development Agency.
The Working Groups elaborated the final version of the RWMP and the
environmental strategic evaluation procedure (SEA) was carried out, according to
the provisions of the Governmental Decision 1076/2004. The Environmental
8 December 19
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Report was elaborated as part of this procedure, and together with the RWMP, it
was submitted to the public authorities involved and put on the REPA Bacau
website for the public, for 45 days. The public debate over the RWMP and the
Environmental Report took place on October 6, 2006. Public observations and
comments were analysed and included in the final version of the RWMP.

Waste streams subject to the plan

Non-hazardous and hazardous municipal waste (household waste and similar
commercial, industrial and institutional waste) are the subject of the RWMP,
together with some special waste streams: packaging, construction and
demolition, sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants, end of life vehicles,
waste from electric and electronic equipment.
The types of waste which are the subject of the RWMP were established by
MEWM and NEPA.
The table below presents types of waste and their codes, according to the
European waste list and the Governmental Decision 856/2002, regarding waste
management registration for the approval of the list of waste, hazardous waste
included.

Waste type Code
(European waste list;
GD 856/2002)
Municipal hazardous and non hazardous wastes
(household waste and similar commercial, industrial and
institutional wastes) including separately collected
fractions:
separately collected fractions (except 15 01)
garden and park wastes
Other municipal wastes (mixed municipal waste,
waste from markets, street-cleaning residues,
bulky waste, etc.)
20

20 01
20 02
20 03
Packaging (including separately collected municipal
packaging waste)
15 01
Construction and demolition waste 17 01; 17 02; 17 04
sludge from Waste Water Treatment Plants 19 08 05
End-of-life vehicles 16 01 06
Waste from electric and electronic equipment.

20 01 35*
20 01 36

The time span for the RWMP

The time span for the RWPM is 2003 2013.
The year 2003 is considered reference year representing, at the time of the
RWMP elaboration, the last year for the EUROSTAT validation of the waste data.

9 December 19
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The Structure of the RWMP

The Region Waste Management Plan has the following main chapters:

Description of the current situation
Regional objectives and targets
Planning
Generated and collected amounts prognosis and quantification of
targets
Potential technical alternatives
Necessary capacities
Implementation measures
Cost evaluation
Plan monitoring.
Special streams (hazardous municipal, construction and demolition, sludge from
Waste Water Treatment Plants, end of life vehicles, waste from electric and
electronic equipment) are presented in separate sub-chapters.

The Revision of RWMP

RWMP will be revised regularly, taking into account technical progress and
environmental protection requirements, no later than 5 years.

In case the prognosis indicators have a different evolution during the plan
monitoring process, the RWMP will be revised more often.

10 December 19
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, 2006
2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION

2.1 General overview

2.1.1 Brief presentation of the region Physical and Geographical Data
The North East 1 Development Region was created in base of the Law no.
151/1998 regarding the regional development in Romania. Geographically, the
region is neighbouring Ukraine
in north, the Republic of
Moldova in east, the Galati and
Vrancea counties in south
(South East Region), the
counties of Maramures and
Bistrita Nasaud in North West
(North West Region) and the
Maramures, Harghita and
Covasna counties in west
(Centre Region).

Fig. no. 2.1-1: Region 1 NE
In terms of the extent, the region covers 15,5% of the total area of the country,
which is 238,391 sq. km; the most extensive counties are Suceava, with an area
of 8,553 sq. km, and Bacau, with 6,621 sq. km, while the distance to the capital of
the country, Bucharest is 349 km.

Table 2.1-1: Surface of the North-East Region
Region 1 NE BC BT IS NT SC VS
km
2
% km
2

Total surface 36.850 100 6.621 4.986 5.476 5.896 8.553 5.318
Farmland 21.336 57.9 3.234 3.928 3.821 2.837 3.498 4.018
Forests and
land
covered by
forest vegetation
12.285 33.3 2.791 573 982 2.613 4.536 790
Waters and
ponds
718 2.0 148 139 124 104 121 82
Other surfaces 2.511 2.511 448 346 549 342 398 428
Source: Territorial Statistics 2004

Landscape and geology
The Region is characterised by a harmonious combination between all the forms
of the relief, 30% is represented by mountains, 30% Sub-Carpathian (hilly) relief,
and 40% is covered by plateaus and plains. The counties of the Botosani, Vaslui
and Iasi are 70% covered by the latter form of relief. North East Region has a
huge tourist potential due to favourable natural conditions, picturesque
landscapes and numerous cultural and historical monuments.
11 December 19
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The Eastern Carpathians dominate the western part, having a relief strongly
influenced by the existence of a geological basis formed out of three parallel
sections: the alignment of the volcanic rocks, the crystalline-Mesozoic zone and
the folded sediments zone.
The Moldavian Subcarpathians, confined to the North by Moldavia Valley and to
the South by Trotus Valley, form a pass area from the Eastern Carpathians to the
Moldavia Plateau. The main feature of the Moldavian Subcarpathians is the
succession, from the mountain area to the exterior, in two parallel strips, of a
single row of depressions (the Neamt Depression, the Cracau - Bistrita, Tazlau
Casin Depressions) and of a single row of hills (Plesu, Corni, Runcu, Barboiu,
Pietricica hills). The hills are formed on anticline structures and the lowland
corridor Neamt Cracau Bistrita Tazlau Casin on an oblong synclinal
structure bordering the Carpathians.
The Moldavian Plateau covers approximately 40% of the regions surface. The
relief is dominated by structural forms structural plateau in the Suceava
Plateau, the Central Moldavian Plateau, abrupt coasts (the Iasi Coast)
individualized in the monoclinal ensemble with downfall to the East and South-
East, given the existence of some rock levels that resist to the attack of external
agents with a bigger thickness (oolites, conglomerates).
Soils
The pedogegraphical cover has a great variety due to the geomorphologic
conditions, due to the climate and to the geological basis.
In the Carpathian area, the following types of soils are presented: andosoils,
brown acid soils and the andosoils (on the volcanic rocks), brown acid soils (in
the flysch area), spodosoils (in the crystalline mezozoic area), brown soils (in
the depressions and the short mountains). In the Subcarpathian area, the
prevalent soils are the pluvial clayey soils, the grey soils and the chernozem
(frequent in the Neamt and Cracau Bistrita depressions).
On the Moldavian Plateau, the forest clearings and the erosive processes on the
slopes determined the different stages of soil degradation and the corresponding
decrease of their usage possibility.
The soil cover contains:
the pluvial clayey soils zone developed at heights of 300-600 m, which is
composed by podsols (at the contact between the plateau and the
Subcarpathians, in the interior plateau and undee the beech forests),
brown soils (in the Suceava Plateau, the Central Moldavian Plateau,
formed under oak and durmast forests, protozymes (areas from the
Falticeni Plateau);
the mollisoil area (in the South of the Plateau and the Moldavian Plain)
grey soils (at 200 300 m high) developed in the contact areas between
the forest lands and the forest steppe
rendzine soils (on limestone, in the Central Moldavian Plateau) and the
pseudo-rendzines (on marl)
intrazonal soils illuvium soils (in meadows), swamps (in the South-
Eastern part of the Plateau), the gleic soils (in the Suceava Plateau),
halomorphic soils (in the Moldavian Plain, the Prut Corridor, the Falciu
Hills, on marl and clay soils
erodisoils
12 December 19
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Climate
The regions climate is temperate-continental with excessive influences.
Depending on the relief forms, some specific climates are individualized.
The West mountain area climate varies with altitude and with the baltic
scandinavian influences, in the North. The annual average temperatures are
considerably differentiated decreasing from the South to the North, for the same
altitudes, from 7-6C at altitudes of 1000 m to 0C at over 1800 m.
Consequently the annual amount of precipitation grows, more pronounced on the
West side (over 1200 mm in Ceahlau), growth due to the influence of the oceanic
air mass, transported by the Western winds. In the higher Northern extremity
(Rodna mountains), annual amounts of precipitation of over 1300 mm were
registered. In the depressions there are frequent thermic inversions.
In the Subcarpathian area there is an individualized climate of low hills specific to
the depressions and a climate of high hills (the Pietricica Peak, the Plesu Hill).
The average temperatures decrease from the South towards the North (9C in
Oneti, 8C in Trgu Neam ) and with altitude. During the winter, the
depressions have temperatures higher with 1-2C than the mountain area and
the Moldova Plateau.
The air flow is predominant from the North-West direction, due to the air
channeling which crosses the Carpathians along the main valleys: Moldova,
Bistrita, Trotus. The amount of precipitations is of 600 - 700 mm/year. In the
North some baltic-scandinavian influences can be perceived.
The Eastern plateau area has a temperate climate with average high hills, with
annual average temperatures of 8-9C, average precipitations of 600 mm. The
temperature inversions caused by the stagnation of the cold air mass during
winter from the North and North-East, are frequent in the valley corridors and in
the Modova Plain
Table 2.1 -2: Temperature
Weather
station

Observation
period
Average
temperature

( C )
Absolute
minim
temperature
( C )
Absolute
maximum
temperature
( C )
Average
precipitati
on

(mm/year
)
1901-1990 8,6 -30,2 39,4 569,0
2002 10,0 -20,5 35,3 637,7
BT
2003 9,2 -21,1 35,8 454,9
1901-1990 7,4 - 31 38,6 578,7
2002 8,7 - 21,3 31,7 709,4
SV
2003 8,0 - 20,0 33,9 535,0
1901-1990 9,5 - 36,6 40,0 532,7
2002 10,4 - 19,8 37,1 497,6
IS
2003 9,6 - 21,6 36,6 449,4
1901-1990 9,0 - 32,5 39,6 557,2
2002 10,2 - 23,4 34,8 636,3
BC
2003 9,2 - 22,8 37,3 464,6
Source: Romanias Statistical Yearbook 2004

13 December 19
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Hydrographic network
The hydrographic network of the North-East Region 1 is contained completely in
the hydrographic basins of the Siret and Prut rivers.
The hydrographic basin Prut-Barlad comprises the Botosani and Vaslui counties
completely and Iasi, Neamt and Bacau counties partially.
The minimum and maximum flows, with different overflow probabilities for the
rivers Prut, Barlad, Jijia and Bahlui in different calculation sections are:
Table 2.1 3: Flows
River Calculation section Q
min monthly
95%

Q
max 5%
Q
max 1%

Prut Ac. Stnca Costeti 19 1925 2 800
Prut Ungheni 14.8 993 1 310
Jijia S.h. Todireni 0.07 218 400
Bahlui S.h. Iasi 0,07 245 450
Brlad S.h. Negreti 0,05 285 450
The Siret hydrographic basin represents approximately 17% of the countrys total
water resources, being the largest hydrographic basin of Romania. It is extended
on the surface of the following counties: Suceava (8554 km
2
), Botoani (457
km
2
), Neam (5 836 km
2
), Bacu (6 603 km
2
) and Iai (850 km
2
).
Siret river Bistrita approximately 35%, Trotus approximately 18% - which is
strikingly expressed through has important affluent Suceava approximately 9%,
Moldova approximately 17,6%, the variation of the multiannual average flow
along its course.
The multiannual volume flown on the whole surface of the basin is distributed
unevenly during seasons and months, so that in the vegetation season it flows
approximately 70% of the annual total, because the maximum flow generally
corresponds to a high frequency of the spring rains, and the minimum flow is
registered during the winter months.
A special feature of the Siret hydrographic basin is the fact that the historical
maximum flows exceed three times the maximum flow during the spring months.
The historical maximum flows are due to action of some powerful cyclones, while
the average maximum flows are generated by local downpours.
The phreatic and the deep water resources from the Siret hydrographic basin
are mostly located in the meadows of the rivers Siret, Suceava, Moldova and
Bistrita, the phreatic water being estimated at approximately 28 m
3
/s.
Lakes
The plateau area can be distinguished through a high number of lakes, most of
them having an anthropic origin: ponds in the Moldavian Plain, pools on the
Suceava Plateau and dam lakes. The natural lakes have small depths and are
frequently invaded by hydrophile vegetation.
In the accumulation lakes within the hydrographic basine of Siret and Prut are
listed in Annex 2.
Natural resources
a) Subsoil natural resources
The region disposes of the following subsoil workable resources:
14 December 19
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Manganese: Suceava county
Polymetallic sulphides: Suceava County
Sparkling mineral waters: Suceava, Neamt Counties
Sulphureous and ferruginous mineral waters: Iasi, Vaslui, Bacau Counties
Construction materials:
o limestone: Suceava, Neamt, Iasi, Botosani Counties
o clay: Neam, Iai, Botoani, Bacu counties
o sandstone: Botosani, Iasi, Bacau, Suceava, Vaslui (on the
watersides) counties
o plaster stones: Botosani, Bacau Counties
o Gravels: exploited in the pits of the Siret and Prut river beds;
o Quartzous sands: Botosani county
o Construction sands: Botosani, Iasi, Bacau Counties
Peat: Suceava , Botoani couties
Salts: Suceava, Bacu counties;
Brimstone deposits: in the Climani massif;
Potassium deposits: Bacau county
Bituminous shale: Neamt county
Oil and natural gases deposits: Bacu county
b) Surface natural resources (forests, farmland, pastures):
The mountain regions are covered by coniferous forests (especially spruce),
beech and mixed forests.
In the hilly and plateau areas, the leafy forests are predominant, representative
being the beech levels at over 400 m and the oak at altitudes smaller than 400 m,
the floral composition being mixed. In the Western Subcarpathian hills, the
vegetation cover is represented by oak and durmast forests (over 90% of the
surface). In the Southern lower parts, predominant is the oak and durmast, while
on the higher peaks the beech.
The forests, that have an important role in the repairing of the environment
condition, occupy the following surfaces:
Table 2.1-4: Forest and forestry areas repartition, 2003 (ha)
Territorial Unit Total Surface Forests %
Romania 23 839 071
6 751 645 27,95
North-East Region 1 3 684 983
1 228 505 33,34
Bacu
662 052
279 058 42,15
Botoani
498 569
57 323 11,50
Iai
547 558
98 129 17,92
Neam
589 614
261 330 44,32
Suceava
855 350
453 566 53,02
Vaslui
531 840
79 099 14,87

15 December 19
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The North-East Region 1 has 18, 2% of the countrys forest area.
The forest steppe area is located in the Moldavia Plain and in the South-East
part, where, due to the relief fragmentation, it interpenetrates with the leafy forest.
Mostly, the forest steppe has been replaced by secondary lawns and agricultural
land.
The agricultural surface of the North-East Region 1 represents 57,9% of the total
surface of the region and 14,5% of the agricultural surface of Romania. According
to the usage manner of the land, at 31st of December 2003, the agriculture
surface structure was presented as follows:
Table 2.1-5: Agriculture surface structure (ha)

Total
agricultural
surface
Arable Pastures Lawns
Vineyard
and
wine-
growing
nurseries
Orchards
and fruit-
growing
nurseries
Romania 14.717.426 9.414.341 3.354.970 1.490.384 230.527 227.204
Region
1NE
2.133.569 1.378.476 499.000

197.781

35.559

22.753
Bacau 323.415 184.795 88.377 39.752 7.386 3.106
Botosani 392.776 298.540 74.949 14.775 1840 2.672
Iasi 382.081 254.738 88.024 19.621 11.698 8.009
Neamt 283.717 170.633 69.424 40.101 891 2.668
Suceava 349.826 180.494 90.450 75.675 - 3.207
Vaslui 401.754 289.277 87.776 7.857 13.753 3.091
Green spaces
An important waste quantity that can be composted comes from the waste
resulting from the vegetation cultivation from the parks and gardens. In the
municipalities and cities of Romania, at the end of 2003, there were 20.597 ha of
green spaces, out of which 11,79% came from the NE Region 1, that means
2.429 ha.
2.1.2 Protected areas
In the North-East Region 1, in 2003, were declared 106 protected areas (14, 91%
of the countrys total preserved areas), out of which 3 are national parks (Ceahlau
- Neam county, Cheile Bicazului - Neam Harghita counties and Calimani -
Suceava, Bistria, Nsud, Mure, Harghita) and one natural park (Vanatori -
Neamt County). The total surface of the protected areas is 63.452 ha.
Table 2.1-6: Protected areas, 2003
Romania Region
1
BC BT IS NT SV VS
Protected areas 711 104 12 9 24 25 26 8
Surface (ha) 1.305.325

65.310 201 2132 5.024 43.007 14.718 228
Source: MEWM Report concerning state of environment in Romania, 2003
The national protected areas according to the Law 5/2000 and GD 2151/2004,
are listed in Annex 3.

16 December 19
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2.1.3 Infrastructure
2.1.3.1 Transport infrastructure
Road network
The North-East Region 1 disposes of a well represented road network, being
crossed by a series of European road corridors, as follows:E85, E576, E60, E574,
E581, E58, E583
Table 2.1-7: Public road situation, December 2003
National roads National and communal
roads
TOTAL
Total Moderni-
zed
With light
road
covers
Total Moderniz
ed
With
light
road
covers
Road
density
per
100km
2

of the
territory
Romania 79 001 15 122 13 823 1 078 63 879 6 545 1670 33,1
Region 1 13 345 2 601 2 295 264 10 744 848 2 238 36,2
Bacu 2452 429 410 19 202 173 483 37,0
Botoani 2108 416 323 56 1692 36 321 42,3
Iai 2352 343 315 28 2009 103 386 43,0
Neam 1814 406 394 12 1408 56 444 30,8
Suceava 2481 631 524 102 1850 249 440 29,0
Vaslui 2138 376 329 47 1762 231 164 40,2
Table 2.1-8: Road distances between the main municipalities (km)
Bacu Botoani Iai Piatra-
Neam
Suceava Vaslui Bucureti
Bacu - 193 130 58 151 83 294
Botoani 193 - 125 145 42 258 499
Iai 130 187 - 139 145 71 430
Piatra-
Neam
58 145 139 - 103 129 354
Suceava 151 42 145 103 - 216 457
Vaslui 83 258 71 129 216 - 359
Railway network
The NE Region 1 disposes of a railway network of 1506 km, out of which only
38,1% electrified, a higher percentage than the national level, which is of 35,8%
and it is crossed by two of the eight national railway arteries: 500 and 600
arteries.
Table 2.1-9: Railway lines, December 2003
Lines with normal gauge
1)
TOTAL Out of
which
electrified
Total With one
way
With two
ways
Lines with
wide
gauge
The line
density at
1000 km
2
of
territory
Romania 11 077 3 965 10 946 7 981 2 965 57 46,5
Region 1 1 506 573 1 483 1 070 413 23 40,9
Bacu 226 191 226 116 110 - 34,1
17 December 19
th
, 2006
Lines with normal gauge
1)
TOTAL Out of
which
electrified
Total With one
way
With two
ways
Lines with
wide
gauge
The line
density at
1000 km
2
of
territory
Botoani 159 - 159 159 - - 31,9
Iai 295 135 275 135 140 20 53,9
Neam 134 46 134 107 27 - 22,7
Suceava 444 201 442 363 79 2 51,9
Vaslui 248 - 247 190 57 1 46,6
1)
Lines for which the distance between the rails is of 1435 mm
Air transport
The North-East Region 1 has two international airports: Bacau and Iasi and a
national one in Suceava.
Public transport
Table 2.1-10: Urban passenger transport, 2003
Length of the simple line
(km)
Number of inventoried vehicles
Tram
ways
Trolley - buses Tramways Buses Trolley -
buses
Romania 963,9 738 1 798 5 394 828
NE Region 1 100 185 172 485 99
2.1.3.2 Utilities
Water supply
The total length of the water distribution network is of 4.767 km, which accounts
for 11, 28 % of the total length of the countrywide network (42.263 km) and
ensures the access to the water supply of 389 settlements of the area,
representing 11,53 % of the total of 3.375 settlements served at the national
level. Out of this 389 settlements, 34 are municipalities and cities (8,74%).
The total volume of drinking water supplied in 2003 amounted to 161.838
thousands cm, out of which 90.604 thousands cm were supplied to households,
and 131.352 thousands mc (81,2 %) were supplied to the consumers that have
installed water meters. In 2003, total consumption of drinking water per capita
was of 43,23 cm, value much lower than the one at the national level of 56,05
cm/capita. Out of the total consumption, only 24,2 cm/inhabitant were supplied to
households, as opposed to 32,86 cm/inhabitant the national average.
Table 2.1-11: Drinking water supply
Drinking
water
supplied
(10
3
cm)
Region 1 BC BT IS NT SV VS
Total, out of
which:
161.838 33.932 20.033 56.158 18.165 21.765 11.785
To the
households
90.604 19.334 6.218 32.741 13.303 10138 8.870
18 December 19
th
, 2006
Supplied
through water
meters
131.352 30.325 13.252 49.487 12.829 17.442 8.017
The water supply in the rural area can be encountered in few communes, without
covering the whole existing necessary.
Sewerage system
At the end of 2003, the sewerage system had a length of 2493 km (which
accounts for 14,67 % of the length of the countrywide network 17.183 km) and
served 132 settlements (4,42 % out of the total of 2934 existing human
settlements from the region), out of which 34 municipalities and cities (25,76 %).
As it can be noticed, the sewerage network covers only 52,3% of the length of the
water supply network, household waste water is most of the time disposed in
septic tanks or simply spread above ground.
Also, it must be mentioned the fact that not all the settlements connected to the
sewerage network have cleaning plants, and the fact the existing ones, most of
the times, have either a surpassed capacity or are not exploited adequately.
Heating systems
Table 2.1-12: Settlements fuelled by thermic energy, 31 December 2003
Region /County Settlements fuelled by thermic energy
TOTAL out of which: municipalities and cities
Romania 186 158
NE Region 1 30 24
Bacu 6 6
Botoani 2 2
Iai 7 4
Neam 6 3
Suceava 6 6
Vaslui 3 3
Table 2.1-13: Natural gas distribution network,31 December 2003

S
o
u
r
c
e
:

Romanias Statistical Yearbook 2004

Settlements supplied
with natural gas
Volume of the supplied natural
gas
(10
3
cm)
Region
/County
Total Out of which:
municipalities
and cities
Simple length
of the natural
gas distribution
pipes
(km)
Total Out of which :
for household
Romania 1221 182 23 917 10 294 577 3 476 292
Region 1 67 22 2 117 1 311 452 668 199
Bacu 25 8 681 494 052 222 471
Botoani 3 2 158 80 988 46 101
Iai 15 3 540 354 590 192 411
Neam 14 4 341 168 265 126 242
Suceava 8 3 267 139 988 31 661
Vaslui 2 2 130 73 569 49 313
19 December 19
th
, 2006
2.1.4 Demographic data and human settlements
The result of the last census from 2002 showed for the North-East Region 1, a
total inhabitant number of 3.674.367, representing 16,9 % of the countrys
population (21.680.974 inhabitants). Comparing with the data from the previous
census (1992), the population decreased with 77.416 persons (2,1%), the most
important decrease being registered in Bacau county - 4,19 % and Neamt county
- 4,13 %, while Iasi county registered a light increase of 0,68 %. Consequently,
the population density dropped from 101,8 inhabitants / km2 in 1992 to 101,58
inhabitants/km
2
in 2002 (101,6 inhabitans/km
2
in 2003), remaining above the
national average of only 91,43 inhabitants/km
2
(91,17 inhabitants/km
2
in 2003).
Table 2.1-14: Administrative organization of the territory, 31 December 2003
Total
surface
Km
2
No of
Inhabitants
Populatio
n density
inh/km
2
No of cities
& municip.
No of
municip.
No of
communes
No of
villages
Romania 238391 21733556 91,17 276 103 2727 13042
NE
Region 1
36850 3743819 101,6 34 17 478 2436
Bacau 6621 725005 109,5 8 3 79 491
Botosani 4986 460825 92,4 4 2 72 336
Iasi 5476 816003 149,0 4 2 85 420
Neamt 5896 572255 97,1 5 2 72 344
Suceava 8553 705547 82,5 8 5 99 396
Vaslui 5318 464184 87,3 5 3 71 449
Regarding the human settlements, at the end of 2003, there were 34 cities (out of
which 17 municipalities), 478 communes and 2436 villages, situation that situates
it on the 7th position at a national level.
The region is also the 7th, if we count the urban population, which was of 40,8%
(1.526.398 persons), being followed only by the South Region 3. The majority of
the cities have under 20,000 inhabitants, although 4 of them fit in the 100.000-
200.000 inhabitants group, and one of it over 300.000 (municipality of Iasi with
313.444 inhabitants the 2nd in the country).
The majority of the population from this region lived in villages, the urbanization
degree of the population (40,8 %) being under the national level (53,4%).
On 8th of April 2004, Iasi County Council, Iasi Municipality and 12 rural
surroundin areas signed, based on the common development objectives
identified and with the aim of establish proper partnerships to reach these
objectives, the constitutive act of Iasi Metropolitan Area and set up the Iasi
Metropolitan Council.
The Iasi Metropolitan Areas includes the following localities: Iasi municipality and
13 communes: Commune Aroneanu, Comuna Brnova, Ciurea, Holboca, Lecani,
Miroslava, Popricani, Rediu, Schitu Duca, Tometi, Ungheni, Valea Lupului and
Comuna Victoria

20 December 19
th
, 2006
Table 2.1-15: Population balance in the urban and rural areas, 1
st
July 2003
RURAL URBAN
Inhabitants % Inhabitants %
Romania 11.599.199 53,37 10.343.357 46,63
NE Region 1 2.217.421 59,2 1.526.398 40,8
Bacau 385.628 53,2 339.377 46,8
Botosani 291.373 63,2 169.452 36,8
Iasi 434.489 53,2 381.889 46,8
Neamt 358.232 62,6 214.023 37,4
Suceava 469.189 66,5 236.358 33,5
Vaslui 278.510 60,0 185.866 40,0
Table 2.1-16: Administrative Units, 1st July 2003
Number of settlements (rural/cities/municipals) Settlement type
Region 1 Bacu Botoani Iai Neam Sucea
va
Vaslui

RURAL
<500 inh. 1984 490 - 420 218 390 338
500 1.500 inh. 442 - - 1 126 - 154
1.500 5.000 inh. 309 48 46 51 68 62 34
> 5.000 inh. 111 31 22 33 5 37 1
Total rural 2.575 569 68 505 417 489 527

URBAN
< 20.000 inh. 13 3 2 2 1 4 1
20.000100.000
inh.
14 4 1 1 2 3 3
100.000300.000
inh
4 1 1 - 1 1 -
> 300.000 inh 1 - - 1 - - -
Total urban 32 8 4 4 4 8 4

TOTAL 2.607 577 72 509 421 497 531

21 December 19
th
, 2006
Table 2.1-17: Administrative Units, 1
st
July 2003
Number of settlements (rural/cities/municipals) Settlement
type
Region 1 Bacu Botoani Iai Neam Suceava Vaslui

RURAL
<500 inh. 128.099 - - - 36.476 - 63.206
500 1.500
inh.
384.849 - - 1.446 111.606 - 132.511
1.500 5.000
inh.
898.018
169.674 153.749 186.471 164.184 186.412 75.074
> 5.000 inh. 754.921 210.632 137.624 241.207 30.418 282.777 5.257
Total rural 2.046.468.
887
380.306 291.373 429.124 242.684 469.189 257.048

URBAN
< 20.000 inh. 216.586 51.512 20.383 24.841 39.870 47.099 9.854
20.000
100.000 inh.
492.254 99.681 31.885 42.057 69.268 80.922 169.147
100.000
300.000 inh
502.609 175.500 117.184 - 102.694 108.337 -
> 300.000 inh 320.888 - - 320.888 - - -
Total urban 1.507.321 326.317 169.452 387.786 211.832 236.358 179.001

Table 2.1-18: Population trends
Year No of inhabitants
in Romania
Population
density
(inh/km
2
)

No of
inhabitants in
NE Region 1
Population
density
(inh/km
2
)

1999 22.458.022 94,21 3.814.561 103,50
2000 22.435202 94,11 3.824.038 103,70
2001 22.408.393 94,00 3.836.835 104,12
2002 21.794.793 91,43 3.743.242 101,58
2003 21.733.566 91,17 3.743.819 101,60

2.1.5 Economic development
Socio-economic situation
The geographical and historical conditions determined a serious delay from a
social economic point of view in the North-East Region 1.
The economical characteristic of the 60 was mainly agrarian and a very low
standard of living. Between 1965-1985, there was a process of forced
industrialization in the region, in order to reestablish the economical situation,
through the acquisition of modern production capacities, at the level of developed
22 December 19
th
, 2006
countries, which determined the increase of an industrial culture, the manpower
qualification and the instruction of a high number of specialists.
Although, the industrial development was much too diversified and did not take
into consideration the specific conditions and the natural, energetic and
environment resources in the region.
Industry
At the end of 2003, there were 40.855 active industrial undertakings in the region,
(11,37 % of the countrys total units 359.399), with a turnover of 328.607
thousand millions lei current prices, that is 9,5% out of the countrys total (3 462
035 thousand millions current prices).
Their allocation / activity domains show the national level structure. Thus, most
units activate in the commercial and services field (22511 units in the North-East
Region, 184301 in Romania). It is followed by the processing industry with 6879
units in the region (52521 at a national level), real estate and rental with 3585
units (46571 in Romania), transports, deposits and communications with 2431
units (22177 at a national level), constructions with 2052 units (21352 in
Romania).
According to the number of employees, in 2003 companies could be classified as
follows:
35008 companies with less than 9 employees
4434 companies with 10-49 employees
1120 companies with 50-249 employees
293 companies with 2500 employees
Regarding the turnover from the year 2003, the first county is Bacau (84136
thousand million current prices), followed by Iasi county (60103 thousand million
lei current prices) and Suceava (40235 thousand million lei current prices). The
field that registers the highest turnover is the processing industry: 36928
thousand million lei in Bacau county, 19697 thousand million lei in Iasi county and
18661 thousand million lei in Neamt county.
The analysis of gross investments in 2002 situates the county of Iasi on the first
position, followed by the counties of Bacau and Neamt. The highest investments
were done in the field of electric and thermic energy, gas and water in the county
of Iasi (5848 billions lei current prices) and processing industry in Bacau county
with 3831 billions lei current prices.
Table 2.1-19: Local units, 2003
Number units Activities
Romania Region 1 BC BT NT IS SV VS
Extractive industry 502 72 28 13 7 4 20 -
Processing industry 50.863 6.964 1 206 645 1 488 1 394 1 336 521
Electric and thermic
energy, gas and
water
453 79 16 8 7 13 15 6
Constructions 20.628 2.085 416 188 278 433 268 128
Wholesale and en-
detail commerce,
repairing and
maintenance of
vehicles and personal
and household goods
179.258 23.396 4 978 1.869 2 747 6 278 4 250 1 887
23 December 19
th
, 2006
Hotels and
restaurants
15.459 1.795 268 242 271 410 362 115
Transport, storing and
communications
21.231 2.516 378 218 303 431 442 179
Real estate
transactions, rentals
and services mainly
for companies
45.748 3.651 15 226 372 897 339 152
Education 926 92 15 5 13 24 20 6
Health and social
assistance
5.503 501 123 28 46 110 87 29
Others 8.490 878 104 67 130 216 92 55
Total county/region
- 41.058 8 047 3.509 5 662
10
210
7 231 3 078
Romania 349061 322.188

Construction
As it can be seen from the table below, at national level, the construction activity
has increased. Meanwhile, more industrial units have reduced and are
disaffecting in a big proportion the production spaces, so there is a great quantity
of construction and demolition waste for which a correct management must be
ensured.
Table 2.1-20: construction works, by execution type
-billion lei at current prices- Activities
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Total, 49812,8 74841,1 112678,8 154040,8 206294,7
New construction and
current repairs
42184,1 56075,1 82823,3 113181,8 152139,1
Entrepreneurship/cont
ract
37709,7 52411,8 82260,3 110460,1 150486,3
Regie/Own
management
4474,4 3663,9 563,0 2721,7 1652,8
Maintenance and
current repairs
7628,7 18765,4 29855,5 40859,0 54155,6
Source: Romanian statistic yearbook- 2004
Agriculture
The agricultural surface of Region 1 North-East (2133569 ha) represented in
2003 14,5 % of the agricultural surface of the country (14 717 426 ha), and the
contribution of the region to the national production of services and products was
of 17,75 %.
The analysis of the way of use of the fields in the regions illustrates the fact that
the largest areas with arable surfaces are in Botoani (298540 ha), Vaslui
(289277 ha) and Iai (254738 ha) counties. Regarding the areas with pastures
and hay fields, most of these are in Suceava (166125 ha), Bacu (128129 ha)
and Neam (109525 ha) counties. There are no vineyards in the municipality of
Suceava, but there are significant vineyard areas in the municipalities of Vaslui
(13753 ha) and Iai (11689 ha). The municipality of Iasi is the only one with large
orchards 8009 ha).

24 December 19
th
, 2006
Labour force
In 2003, the people employed in Region 1 North-East was of 1.652 thousand,
representing 44,12 % of the total population in the region and 14,95 % of the total
working population of the country (11050 thousand persons). Of the total working
population, 51,15 % work in agriculture, and 19,67 % in industry (17,25 % in
processing industry), 6,35 % in commerce.
In the region, in 2003, the working rate of the population was higher in the rural
area (61,6), compared to 45,4 in the urban area.

Table 2.1-21: Trends in unemployment rate
Unemployment rate IOL* (%) Region /County
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Romania 6,8 7,1 6,6 8,4 7,0
NE Region 7,4 6,8 5,9 7,6 6,3
Bacu 9,5 8,2 9,4
Botoani 17,7 16,5 11,8 11,0 9,7
Iai 12,3 10,9 9,4 9,7 9,5
Neam 16,6 14,1 10,7 7,8
Suceava 13,6 12 8,6 10,3 8,1
Vaslui 15,1 12,8 14,7 15,9 10,3
Source: County departments of statistics and Romanias Statistical Yearbook - 2004
IOL International Office of Labour

Gross Domestic Product
The period 1998-1999 was characterized by a time of recession, both at a
regional and national level, a time when everyone felt the effects of the
liberalization of the exchange rate and restructuration programmes in the
companies with losses started during 1997.
The regional economic decrease in 1999 was 50% higher than the one registered
at the national level. The decrease in 2000 was much lower compared to the
year before, of only 2,51%, considering that at the national level an economic
increase of 2,06% was registered.
The year 2001 was the first one to mark an economic increase of 8,32%, superior
to the National one, as a consequence of both the currency and fiscal policy
promoted at the national level, and of the funds of which Region 1 North-East
beneficiated of, starting with 1999.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Bacu Botoani Iai Neam Suceava Vaslui
Working active population in the urban area (%) Working active population in the rural area (%)
25 December 19
th
, 2006
We have to mention also that, in 2001, the region has contributed to the
constitution of the national GDP with 12,28%.
The following table shows the GDP of the North-Eastern Region 1 in 2000 and
2001, compared to the national one.
Table 2.1-22: Regional GDP ( 10
6
lei )
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
GDP National 545.730 803.773 1.167.687 1.514.750 1.975.648
GDP NE Region 1 68.522 96.348 143.397 186.074 246.190
Real GDP National 369.235 557.015 849.844 418.888 -
Real GDP NE Region 1 46.361 66.769 104.365 51.457 -
GDP/inhabitant National 24.300 35.826 52.110 69.500 90.905
GDP/inhabitant NE Region 1 17.966 25.067 37.374 49.709 65.774
One of the indicators offering relevant information on the economic situation of
the region is the regional gross domestic product per inhabitant (RGDP/inh.),
since it is not influenced by the differences among the population of various
regions.
Based on the analysis of the data, can be noticed that the GDP per inhabitant in
the Region NE, representing 70% of the value of GDP/inh. Registered at the
national level in 2000 and 71,72% (2001), situated the region on the last position
from this point of view, after all the other regions. The maximum disparity is in
comparison with the Bucharest-Ilfov region, RGDP/inh. Being close to a third of
the GDP value in this region.

Gross Dometic Product NE Region 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
GDP NE Region 1
26 December 19
th
, 2006
2.2 Municipal waste management
The Romanian authorities for environment protection are collecting data
concerning waste management since 1991, the first complete set of data at
national level dating from 1995. Until 2003, the data collection regarding waste
management has been done by the county agencies for environment protection
based on statistic questionnaires, the data being then processed by the Research
in Environment Protection Institute (ICIM) and the National Statistics Institute. In
2004, during the technical assistance project PHARE RO 0107.04.03, the pilot
statistic investigation for waste and the methodology and investigation
questionnaires have been done. Starting 2005, the National Agency for
Environment Protection and the National Statistics Institute are doing annual
research.
Regarding to the municipal waste, the statistic investigation is done in an
exhaustive manner, based on 2 questionnaires:
AS-GD-MUN Statistic research for town-halls or unites specialized in
sanitation services ;
AS-GD-TRAT statistic research concerning the treatment of waste.
According to the mentions in the statistic publication concerning waste, the
quality of the date regarding waste management depends greatly on a series of
existing conditions at reporting unit level, meaning:
The disponibility of technical conditions for recording the waste (basically
the lack of weighs at landfills);
The organization of waste management ;
The record of enterprises in the statistic Register of economic operators ;
The competence and engagement of the persons responsible for the
completion of the statistic questionnaires.
The data presented in this chapter concern household waste, commercial similar
with household waste, bulky waste, parks, markets and gardens waste, and
street waste.
The collected waste represents the generated waste that is collected through
sanitation services. The uncollected waste represents the generated waste that is
not collected through sanitation services (the rural and urban population that is
not connected to sanitation services)
In the table below it is presented the number of inhabitants that in 2003 were not
connected to sanitation services.
Table 2.2-1: Population not served with sanitation services, 2003
URBAN RURAL
County
Total
population
Inh. not
served
%
Total
Total
urban
Inh. not
served
%
Total
urban
Total
rural
Not
served
%
Total
rural

Region 1
3743819
2473463
66,1 1526398 334354 21,9 2216341 2139109 96,5
BC
725005
422432
58,3 339337 63115 18,6 385628 359317 93,2
BT
460825
322876
70,1 169452 31503 18,6 291373 291373 100
IS
816003
486094
59,6 381889 52527 13,8 434114 433567 99,8
NT
572255
380972
66,6 214023 60300 28,2 358232 320781 89,5
SV
705547
533841
75,6 236358 78716 33,3 469189 455753 97,1
VS
464184
327248
70,5 185675 48930 26,34 278510 278318 100
Source: Romanias Statistical Yearbook 2004 and sanitation companies
27 December 19
th
, 2006
2.2.1 Waste generation
Data concerning municipal waste generation are reported, mainly by the
sanitation operators based on the questionnaire received from Local
Environmental Protection Agencies and then centralized in a regional data base
by Regional Environmental Protection Agency for Region 1 NE. These data are
based on a great part on estimations and not on precise data, resulted from
weighing.
In the table below are presented data concerning municipal waste generation
presented in the RWMP, revision august 2006, elaborated by REPA Bacau.
Table 2.2-2: Municipal waste 1999-2003
Types of waste EWC County 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
TONNES
Region 846.389 875.637 1.019.807 1.055.517 1.060.818
Bacau 144.855 133.107 220.576 223.210 190.928
Botosani 106.055 107.716 125.519 137.328 113.209
Iasi 187.393 192.558 206.466 223.471 265.659
Neamt 140.723 139.213 143.969 137.106 147.859
Suceava 144.511 169.082 183.278 195.633 176.660
1 Municipal waste
(household
waste and
similar from
commerce,
industry,
institutions),
out of which:
20 05
01
Vaslui 117.337 133.559 140.272 132.524 142.006
Region 472.653 474.109 580.619 586.009 536.920
Bacau 65.804 41.711 129.801 93.286 89.363
Botosani 64.647 64.395 45.739 69.454 57.456
Iasi
134.948 137.036 147.335 162.088 162.633
Neamt
95.225 92.843 104.817 94.030 91.681
Suceava
56.634 78.625 88.346 103.485 75.956
1.1 Mixed domestic
waste
20 03
01 +
packagi
ng code
Vaslui
55.395 59.499 64.581 63.666 59.831
Region 124.718 123.304 145.841 172.535 139.844
Bacau 29.312 26.618 32.783 65.389 31.829
Botosani 8.526 10.187 26.563 16.894 11.053
Iasi
9.040 7.633 9.411 13.879 15.545
Neamt
20.735 21.889 19.176 25.850 26.336
Suceava
28.542 26.374 26.286 25.177 22.878
1.2 Similar mixed
waste from
commerce,
industry,
institutions
20 03
01
Vaslui
28.563 30.603 31.622 25.346 32.203
Region 1.710 17.211 15.569 27.815 66.880
Bacau 0 15.212 12.770 24.112 966
Botosani 0 0 0 0 4.016
Iasi 0 0 0 0 43.615
Neamt
0 0 0 1 4.830
Suceava
1.710 1.999 2.799 3.702 9.685
1.3 Municipal and
similar waste
collected
separately
(except
construction and
demolition waste)
20 03
01
Vaslui
0 0 0 0 3.768
Region 0 817 3.767 2.576 5.515
Bacau 0 0 0 0 3.091
Botosani 0 0 2.901 1.652 1.505
Iasi 0 817 866 924 919
Neamt 0 0 0 0 0
Suceava
0 0 0 0 0
1.4 Bulky waste 20 03
07
Vaslui
0 0 0 0 0
Region 3.899 5.567 6.996 8.301 20.080
Bacau 0 0 0 0 6.131
1.5 Park and garden
waste
20 02
Botosani 564 561 793 2.342 4.695
28 December 19
th
, 2006
Iasi
0 1.913 1.893 2.008 2.117
Neamt
520 570 592 782 3.845
Suceava
1.014 1.218 2.334 1.787 2.350
Vaslui
1.801 1.305 1.384 1.382 942
Region 5.855 7.859 8.987 9.468 18.040
Bacau 0 0 0 0 7.699
Botosani 1.515 1.506 1.536 2.984 2.994
Iasi
0 1.148 1.065 1.176 1.126
Neamt
2.179 2.487 2.557 2.383 2.420
Suceava
1.562 1.498 2.453 1.005 2.000
1.6 Market waste 20 03
02
Vaslui
599 1.219 1.376 1.920 1.801
Region 32.029 37.046 53.147 52.494 61.166
Bacau 0 0 0 0 11.954
Botosani 7.988 5.416 23.680 26.121 24.368
Iasi
8.327 6.426 8.085 5.070 4.418
Neamt
6.349 7.157 3.967 4.552 6.167
Suceava
6.258 12.156 10.863 10.350 7.189
1.7 Street waste 20 03
03
Vaslui
3.107 5.891 6.552 6.401 7.070
Region 205.525 209.724 204.881 196.319 212.373
Bacau 49.739 49.566 45.222 40.423 39.895
Botosani 28.330 26.052 24.034 24.126 31.619
Iasi
35.078 37.585 37.811 38.326 35.286
Neamt
15.715 14.267 12.860 9.508 12.580
Suceava
48.791 47.212 50.197 50.127 56.602
1.8 Generated but
uncollected
waste
20 01
15 01
Vaslui
27.872 35.042 34.757 33.809 36.391
Source: Annual statistical report of the operators
The data from the table regarding waste quantity trends are those resulted after the
procession of statistic investigation questionnaires. They only comprise the
information given by sanitation operators and by landfill operators. For this reason, for
2003, the basis year for the prognosis, have been added at the selective collected
quantities those collected from the population by the sanitation operators authorized
to collect recyclable waste.
Table 2.2-3: Separately collected fractions in Region 1
Types of waste EWC(1) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
1.3
Municipal and
similar waste
collected
separately
20 03 01
1.710 17.211 15.569 27.814 66.880
Paper and
cardboard
20 01 01
15 01 01
297 370 627 1.494 14.756
Glass 20 01 02
15 01 07
0 0 0 0 1
Plastic 20 01 39
15 01 02
0 0 0 0 310
Metals 20 01 40
15 01 04
1.413 16.841 14.942 26.320 51.231
Wood 20 01 38
15 01 03
0 0 0 0 0
Biodegradable 20 01 08
0 0 0 0 0

Others 20 01 15 01
0 0 0 0 582
Source: Annual statistical report of the operators
(1) According to the European Commission list

29 December 19
th
, 2006
In the following table are presented the municipal waste generation indices for
1999-2003, using the data from table 2.2-2. The generation index presents an
ununiform variation, which is explained through the fact that the reports have
been based on estimations and not on real data. It can be seen that the municipal
waste generation index in 2003 (283 kg/inh.year) is smaller than the national
average index for municipal waste (364 kg/inh.year according to Eurostat report).
This can be explained through the fact that the rural population represents
approximately 60% of the total population of Region 1.
Table 2.2-4: Municipal waste generation indices per year
Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Household waste
and similar waste
(kg/inh./year)*
222 229 266 282 283
* Total municipal waste generated (point 1 from table 2.2-2) divided by the
Regions or a Countys population, 1999-2003
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
year
k
g
/
i
n
h
.
y
e
a
r

Fig. 2.2-1: Index of municipal waste generation, Region 1

Table 2.2-5: Waste generation indices per county, 2003

Region BC BT IS NT SC VS
Household waste
and similar waste
(kg/inh.year)*
283 263 246 326 258 250 306
Mixt household
waste collected
(kg/inh.year)**
423 295 417 493 479 444 437
* Total municipal waste generated (point 1 from table 2.2-2) divided by the
Regions or a Countys population for 2003
**The mixt household waste collected (point 1.1 from table 2.2-2) divided by the
Regions or Countys population connected to the sanitation services (table 2.2-1)

30 December 19
th
, 2006
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Region 1
k
g
/
i
n
h
.
y
e
a
r
Municipal waste generated Mixt domestic waste

Fig. 2.2-2: Index of municipal waste generated and mixed domestic
waste collected
Analyzing the municipal waste generation data for 2003 in Region 1, have
resulted the following:
The quantities of household waste, mixed collected, as it can be seen
from the above chart, are overestimated, except for Bacau County. The
analysis has been done considering the sanitation services coverage area
and considering an generation index of 0.9 kg/inh x day for urban area
and of 0.4kg/inh x day for rural area;
The market waste quantities vary from one county to the other, from 1.126
t in Iasi County to 7.699 t in Bacau County.
The street waste quantities vary very much from one county to another,
from 6.167 t in Iasi County to 24.368 t in Botosani County.
The separate collected waste quantities also include data reported by
economic agents authorized to collect recyclable waste. As for metallic
waste, in Iasi county the reported quantity for 2003 is much too big
(40.720 t) considering that in the region there is not yet a selective
collection system. This quantity was diminished taking also in
consideration the fact that part of these metallic waste declared to come
from population are collected by non authorized but not entirely from
population.
The selective collection of waste is not yet implemented, there are some
pilot projects in some areas, and the only quantities that are collected
separately being those from collection points, Remat type. That is way the
conclusion that reported data about the metal quantity represent industrial
waste or construction and demolition waste has been reached.
The estimation of municipal waste generated in 2003
Taking into consideration all the above aspects and considering the statistic
indexes for municipal waste generation, the quantities of municipal waste
generated in 2003 have been estimated. This way, the generated and
uncollected waste quantity was calculated using the not-connected to sanitation
services population and using a generation index of 0,9 kg/inh x day in urban
area and of 0,4 kg/ inh x day in rural area. These indexes were recommended by
NEPA and MEWM.
31 December 19
th
, 2006
The estimated quantities for waste generation in 2003 are the basis for the
generation prognosis for 2004-2013.
Table 2.2 - 6: Municipal waste generation for 2003 based on estimations
Types of waste
Waste
code
Region BC BT IS NT SV VS
TONE
1 Municipal waste
(household
waste and
similar from
commerce,
industry,
institutions), out
of which:
20 05 01 1.055.556 216.686 133.600 238.320 156.750 182.200128.000
1.1 Mixed household
waste
20 03 01 399.000 89.000 46.000 110.000 56.000 54.000 44.000
1.2 Commercial,
industrial and
institutional waste
similar to
household waste
20 03 01 148.000 28.000 13.500 32.500 16.800 16.000 13.500
1.3 Separate
collected waste
20 03 01 29.266 1.966 4.000 6.500 4.500 8.600 3.700
1.4 Bulky waste
20 03 07 5.510 3.090 1.500 920 0 0 0
1.5 Park and garden
waste
20 02 20.180 6.130 4.700 2.100 3.850 2.400 1.000
1.6
Market waste 20 03 02 14.600 3.500 2.900 2.000 2.400 2.000 1.800
1.7
Street waste 20 03 03 44.700 12.000 8.000 4.300 6.200 7.200 7.000
1.8 Generated but
uncollected waste
20 01 15
01
422.000 73.000 53.000 80.000 67.000 92.000 57.000
Table 2.2-5 Separately collected fractions, 2003

Types of
waste
Waste code Region BC BT IS NT SV VS
1.3 Separate
collected
waste out of
that:
29.266 1.966 4.000 6.500 4.500 8.600 3.700
1.3.1 Paper and
cardboard
20 03 01
14.489 905 2.130 2.900 2.133 5.335 1.086
1.3.2 Glass 20 01 02 15
01 07
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.3.3 Plastic 20 01 39 15
01 02
145 61 17 0 25 28 14
1.3.4 Metals 20 01 40 15
01 04
14.632 1.000 1.853 3.600 2.342 3.237 2.600
1.3.5 Wood 20 01 38 15
01 03
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.3.6 Biodegradable 20 01 08 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.3.7 Others 20 01 15 01
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

32 December 19
th
, 2006
Table 2.2-8 County generation indicators, 2003
Indicators Region 1 BC BT IS NT SV VS
Municipal waste
generated
(kg/inh.year)*
282 299 290 292 274 258 276
Mixed household
waste collected
(kg/inh.year)**
314 294 332 333 293 316 321
*total municipal waste generated (point 1 in table 2.2-6) divided by region or county
population for 2003
**
Mixed collected household waste (point 1.1 tables 2.2-6) divided by region or county
population connected to sanitation services (table 2.2-1).

Fig. 2.2.-3: Municipal waste generation indicators
Composition of household waste
The average household waste structure for Region 1, both for rural and urban
areas, has been estimated based on the information in the statistic investigation
questionnaires submitted by the sanitation operators. There is a series of studies
on this subject for urban areas, but for rural areas there are no real data to
confirm the estimations.
Table 2.2-9 Estimated composition of household waste
Share (%)
Type
Urban area (%) Rural area (%)
Paper and cardboard 11 9
Glass 5 4
Plastic 10 6.5
Metal 5 4
Textile 4 3
Biodegradable waste 51 62
Others 14 11.5
TOTAL 100 100
Source: Landfill operators

0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
kg/inh.Xyear
33 December 19
th
, 2006
2.2.2 Collection and transport of municipal waste
The settlements sanitation service (pre collection, collection, transport and
landfilling of municipal waste) is done with the control, conduction or coordination
of the local public authorities.
The sanitation activity can be done by:
Direct management by the authorities of the local public administration,
through specialized departments organized within the local council or
Delegated management - when the authorities of the local public
administration may turn to the services of one or more public service
operators to perform the services to whom they give (on the basis of a
contract to delegate the management) the actual management of services,
as well as the administration and exploitation of the technical-town public
systems needed in order to perform the activities.
The municipal waste transport and collection activities in the region are organized
differentially depending on: the size of the settlement, number of serviced people,
endowment, type of property.
2.2.2.1 Organization of waste collection on regional revel
At the regional level, in 2003, the population covered with sanitation services
represent 33, 9% from the total number of inhabitants, in the urban areas the
coverage degree being 78.1% while in the rural areas is only 3.5%. At present, all
the municipalities have Sanitary Services Operators. The Sanitary Services
Operators invoice and collect fees from households for waste removal. Fees are
generally set by the number of inhabitants per household or bin removal number.
In rural areas the sanitations services are not very well organized, there being
only an annual fee which covers some maintenance services related to the dump
site. The reports regarding the population covered with sanitation services it is
estimated only.
In the table below it is summarized the number of inhabitants from urban and
rural area which are covered with sanitation services.
Table 2.2 10: Population serviced in the urban and rural areas, 2003
Population Population serviced
Serviced urban
population
Serviced rural
population
County
Total Urban Rural Inh. % Total Inh.
% Total
urban
Inh.
% Total
Rural
Region
1
3.743.819 1.526.398 2.216.341 1.269.728 33.9 1.191.609 78.1 78.119 3.5
BC 725.005 339.377 385.628 302.573 41.7 276.262 81.4 26.311 6.8
BT 460.825 169.452 291.373 137.949 29.9 137.949 81.4 0 0.0
IS 816.003 381.889 434.114 329.909 40.4 329.097 86.2 812 0.2
NT 572.255 214.023 358.232 191.283 33.4 153.723 71.8 37.560 10.5
SV 705.547 236.358 469.189 171.078 24.2 157.642 66.7 13.436 2.9
VS 464.185 185.866 278.510 136.936 29.5 136.936 73.7 0 0.0
Source: Romanias Statistical Yearbook 2004 and sanitation companies
The population serviced at regional level, in 2003, was 33.9 % out of which 78,1
% in urban area and 3,5 % in rural area.
34 December 19
th
, 2006

Fig. 2.2-4: Share of population covered by sanitation services
2.2.2.2 Existing sanitation companies, collection and transport equipments
The sanitation operators in the counties of the region are shown table below.
The collection and transport of municipal waste is organized in a variety of ways,
according to the size of the settlement, the number of people covered, the
equipment available, and the operators ownership.
In rural areas, municipalities generally operate their own communal sanitary
services and the used equipment is rustic and operations simple.
Table 2.2-11: Sanitation operators according to ownership type
Ownership type / Ownership type code Region
/ County
100%
state
owned
Majority
state
owned
Majority
privately-
owned
100%private
ly
owned
domestic
capital
100%
privately
owned
mixed
capital
Public
company
of local
interest
Total
sanitation
operators
10 20 25 30 50 70
Region 1 6 5 1 8 0 36 56
Bacu 2 - - 2 - 8 12
Botoani - - - - - 4 4
Iai - - - 1 - 4 5
Neam - 4 - - - - 4
Suceava 2 - 1 5 - 18 26
Vaslui 2 1 - - - 1 4
Source: Sanitation units, local authorities

Table 2.2-12: Sanitation operators including the coverage area, 2003
Coverage area Location of
sanitation
services Name Connected localities
Number of
connected inh
% inh.
Connected out
of the total
county inh.
BC urban
area
8
276.262 38,1
BACU SC SOMA SA 175.500 24,2
Share of population covered by sanitation services,
2003
Population
without
sanitation
services
Urban population
covered with
sanitation
services
Rural Population
Covered with
sanitation
services
35 December 19
th
, 2006
ONETI SC SERVSAL SA 39.284 5,42
BUHUI Communal management
public department

10.500 1,45
TRGU OCNA Communal management
public department

8.500 1,17
COMNETI SC COMUNAL SERVICE SA 12.720 1,75
MOINETI SC PREST SERV SA 14.095 1,94
SLNIC
MOLDOVA
Communal management
public department

4.996 0,69
DRMNETI Communal management
public department

10.667 1,47
BC rural
area
4
26.311 3,63
Bacu county 12 302.573 41,73
BT urban
area
4 137.949 29,94
BOTOANI SC URBAN SERV SA Botoani municipality 100.949 21,91
DOROHOI - SC GOSCOM SA Dorohoi
- Dorohoi local council
public services department
Town of Dorohoi
28.900 6,27
DARABANI - SC DACATERM SA
Darabani
- Darabani local council
public management service
Town of Darabani
5.100 1,11
SVENI Sveni local council public
management service
Town of Sveni
3.000 0,65
Rural area 0 0 0
Botoani
county
4

137.949 29,94
IS - urban
area
5
329.097 40,33
IAI SALUBRIS SA.Iai 90% of Iasi population
plus 87903 floting persons
(students) served at 100%
percentage.
282.097
*)
34,57
IAI COMSAL RECYCLING SRL.
Iai
*)
-
PACANI RAGCL PACANI
communal management
service
Urban area of Pascani
municipality 28.000 1,53
TRGU
FRUMOS
TERMOSERV SA Tg.
Frumos
Trgu Frumos
12.500 0,8
HRLU Hrlau local council public
sanitation service
Hrlu and a suburban
settlement Parcovici (812
inh serviced)
6500
0,1

IS rural
area
1

812 0,1
Total Iai
county
6 329.909 40,43
NT urban
area
4
153.723 26,86
PIATRA
NEAM
SALUBRITAS SA Piatra
Neam
Piatra Neam and 10
neighbouring rural
settlements (27.000 inh
serviced ):
98.000 17,13
ROMAN ACVASERV SRL Roman Roman 37.423 6,54
TRGU
NEAM
ACVATERM SA Tg. Neam Tg. Neam and 3
neighbouring settlements
(10.000 inh serviced)
11.000 1,92
BICAZ ACVA BICAZ SA Bicaz Bicaz and 1 neighbouring
settlement (560 inh
serviced): Taca
7.300 1,28
NT rural
area
-
37.560 6,56
Total Neam
county
4 191.283 33,43
36 December 19
th
, 2006
SV urban
area
15
157.642.142
22,34
SUCEAVA SC PSIP SA Suceava Suceava 56.000 7,94
SUCEAVA SC DIAIL SERVICE SRL Suceava 15.400 2,48
SUCEAVA SC TEST PRIMA SRL Suceava 11.500 1,63
SUCEAVA SC ROSAL GRUP SRL
Suceava
Subsidiary
Suceava
(street cleaning
)

SUCEAVA Suceava local council Suceava Green spaces
RDUI SC SERVICII COMUNALE
SA
Rdui, partially Dorneti
and Miliui (5000 inh
serviced )
19.500 2,76
RDU Rdui local council Rdui -
FLTICENI SC GOSCOM SA Flticeni 20.000 2,83
FLTICENI Flticeni local council Flticeni Green areas -
VATRA
DORNEI
SC Gospodrie
Oreneasc SA
Vatra Dornei
6.000 0,85
VATRA
DORNEI
Vatra Dornei local council Vatra Dornei
2.500 0,35
CMPULUNG Cmpulung local council Cmpulung 7.751 1,1
GURA
HUMORULUI
Gura Humorului local council Gura Humorului (street
cleaning)

GURA
HUMORULUI
SC TRUST NORD SA Gura Humorului
9.633 1,37
SIRET Siret local council Siret 9.358 1,33
SV rural
area
11 13.436
4,17
Total Suceava
county
26
171.078 24,24
VS urban
area
4 136.936 29,5
NEGRETI Department of public service Negreti 4.000 2,92
VASLUI GOSCOM SA Vaslui Vaslui 47.750 34,8
HUI Local public sanitation
service
Hui
30.416 22,21
BRLAD R.A.G.C.L. Brlad Brlad 54.770 40
VS rural
area
0
0 0
Total Vaslui
county
4 136.936 29,5
Urban: 1.191.609 31,83
Rural: 95.553 2,55
TOTAL
Region 1 NE
TOTAL 1.287.162 34,38
Equipment of sanitation operators
In the following is presented the equipment of the existing sanitation operator at
both county levels, in means of collection of household waste and of transport.
Table 2.2-13: Equipments for the collection of unsorted household waste,
2003
Container type (number)
Bins
(0.1-0.2 m
3
)
Containers
(4 5 m
3
)
Euro
containers
(1.1 1.2m
3
)

Others
Total
volume
(m
3
)
Specific
capacity
m
3
/
inhabitant
Region 1 9.521 3.111 4.200 9.590 2.823.469 4,828
Bacu 5983 618 1895 - 1216444 1,678
Botoani 150 284 304 - 195255 0,424
Iai 1592 1024 1451 431 731 293 0,896
Neam 1229 390 96 3790 260339 1,108
Suceava 376 553 245 5360 248717 0,353
Vaslui 191 278 209 9 171421 0,369
Source: Sanitation operators
37 December 19
th
, 2006
Table 2.2-14: Endowment for separately collected household waste, 2003
Container type
County Bins
(0,12-0,24
m
3
)
plastic,
metal
Containers
(1,67-2 m
3
)
Euro Containers
(1,1-1,2 m
3
)
Fenced
collection
points
Total
volume
(m
3
)
Capacity
(m
3
/inh)
Region 1 11 97 250 89 43.184 0,0012
Bacu - 3 250 - 8.340 0,0115
Botoani 11 - - - 42,2 0,000092
Iai - - - - - -
Neam - 94 - - 28.236 0,049
Suceava - - - 89 6.576 0,009
Vaslui - - - - - -
Source: Sanitation companies
Within the ISPA program in Piatra Neamt have been bought the needed
equipment to endow 943 collection points, consisting in 660 l containers, with
different colours for the sorted household waste, on 4 categories:
green 1107 pieces collection of organic waste
black 1102 pieces collection of residual waste
brown 1102 pieces collection of paper and cardboard
blue 1102 pieces collection of plastic and glass waste.
There have been also bought 60 l containers for individual households:
green 4994 collection of organic waste
black 4999 collection of residual waste
Table 2.2-15: Equipment available to sanitation operators for the transport
of household waste in 2003
Means of transport - number

Total means of
transport

Waste
compactin
g trucks
(m
3
)
Container
trucks
Tractors
with
trailers
Tilt
trucks
Other
Number

Total
average
capac.

Average
capacity
15 4 4 12
Region 1 NE 93 88 96 50 27 354 49,53
Bacu 23 30 16 20 - 89 13,3
Botoani 6 9 10 4 - 29 9.59
Iai 21 18 16 3 11 69 12,1
Neam 18 9 5 3 3 38
Suceava 19 13 40 14 11 97
Vaslui 6 9 8 3 2 32 6,73
Source: Sanitation operators
Within the ISPA programme in Piatra Neamt, 23 collection vehicles were bought,
that are going to be used by the new chosen sanitation operator.
16 compacting trucks, used volume of approximately 14 mc
2 special auto compactors for narrow places, 8 mc
1 container to pick up the vehicles from the recycling centers, equipped
with a crane
1 van
38 December 19
th
, 2006
1 truck for cleaning the containers
2 pick-ups
Waste Transfer Stations
There are at present no transfer stations within the Region.
2.2.3 Waste treatment for recovery or disposal

Sorting stations
The region has no operational sorting facilities.
Piatra Neamt municipality has a bottles sorting station, that at present is not under
operation, but will start working in 2007. The bottle sorting station (sorts glass and
plastic bottles) has two sorting lines, one manual and one mechanical. The
capacity is of approximately 3,4 t/hour which means around 7000 t/year.
Treatment in order to collect
The economic agents of REMAT type existing in the region, buy, from natural or
legal authorized persons recyclable waste (i.e. paper and cardboard, metals,
plastics) that they then treat in order to recycle, then they send them to the
recovery units, after a preliminary processing(sorting, shredding, pressing).
In annex 4 are presented the identification data for these units, the equipment
they dispose of and the processing capacities.
Table 2.2 16: Waste recycling installations
Company name Location License Capacity
(tonnes/year)
Waste processed
BACAU County
SC LETEA SA

Str. Letea 17, Bacau Yes 5.000 Paper and
cardboard
SELENA SRL Bacu

Bacu,
str. Letea 17
Yes 600
140
400
PE
PVC
PET
BOTOSANI County
UPSS SA Botoani Str. Eternitatii 2 Yes 750 Metallic ferrous
waste, non-ferrous
waste
IASI County
MOLDOPLAST SA
Iai

Iai, Calea
Chiinului, nr.23,
Cod 700265;
Yes 80
40
20
PE ;
PVC ;
PS/ABS
RANCON SRL Iai Iai, Str. G.Cosbuc ,
Nr.25;cod 700469
Yes 120 Metallic waste
ARCA SRL Iai

Aleea Sucidava,
Nr.6,Bl.263,Ap.18
Yes 800 PE
INTERNAIONAL
ROMTRANZACT
SRL Iai

Iai , Str.Sf.Lazar,
Nr.30, Ap10
Yes 50 Processed textile
waste, mainly from
animals
NEAMT County
PETROCART SA
Piatra Neam
Piatra Neam
Bd. Decebal, 171
Yes (integrated
authorization)
25.000 Paper and
cardboard
SUCEAVA County
AMBRO SA
Suceava
Suceava, Calea
Unirii, nr.24
Yes 50.000 Paper and
cardboard
SPIT BUCOVINA SA
Suceava, Calea
Putna Yes Metallic waste
39 December 19
th
, 2006
Unirii, nr. 25 bis
FONTUR SA
Suceava
Suceava, str. Traian
Vuia 11A
Yes Metallic waste
SC PRESCONT
SRL Flticeni
Flticeni, str.
Armatei
Yes
250 Glass
VASLUI County
MHT IZOLAII SRL
Vaslui
Vaslui,
Str.Metalurgiei 4
Yes 1.000 Paper and
cardboard
CLARINPLAST
SRL Vaslui
Vaslui, str. tefan
cel Mare, nr.70
Yes 5.000 Paper and
cardboard,
plastic
METAREX
PRODUCT SRL
Brlad

Brlad,
str.Metalurgiei 5
Yes 5.000 Metallic waste
Composting
The Region has no operational compost unit.
Piatra Neamt municipality has a composting unit that which for the time being is
not under operation but will start to operate at the end of 2006 or least the
beginning of 2007. The raw materials necessary for the enhancement of the
composting are park and gardens waste. It is built for a capacity of approximately
25000t/year (12000 biodegradable+13000 structure components). Because of
the weather conditions, the operation of the plant is possible for only 10 months a
year.
Mechanical biological treatment
The Region has no mechanical-biological treatment stations.
Thermal treatment
The Region 1 has no thermal municipal waste treatment facilities only two
incinerators for hazardous waste.
In Region 1 is a cement factory named CARPATCEMENT HOLDING SA Bicaz
Brach, Neamt County, which is part of the HeidelbergZement Group. Up until now
for the co- incineration have been used mostly tires, because the selective
collection is not yet implemented and one of the functioning conditions is to
ensure a continuous flow of waste (paper, wood, plastic) for a period of minimum
3 months.
Table 2.2-17: Thermal treatment facilities
Thermal
treatment
facilities
Treatment
type
Designed
capacity

Type of waste
MONDECO SRL
Suceava

Incineration 0,04 t/h
0,96 t/day
Hazardous waste
SUPERSTAR
COPM SRL ,
Radauti
Incineration 4 t/day Waste from animal sacrifices
sacrified, medical and clinic
waste
CARPATCEMEN
T HOLDING SA
Bicaz Brach
Co-incineration 19-20 t/day Used oils and emulations
Used tires
paper
wood
plastic
textile
wether waste (solid fraction)
wether waste (liquid fraction)
waste from oil affiance
40 December 19
th
, 2006
paints, clays, adhesives,
solvents
sludge from waste water
plants and from the
fabrication of paper
2.2.4 Waste disposal
At this time, most of the generated municipal waste is landfilled. At regional level,
there are a number of 29 non compliant b class landfills in urban area and one
landfill in Piatra Neamt that ceased depositing in 2005. These landfills will close
down in stages, according to the Government Decision no, 349 from 21 April 2005
concerning waste disposal. The total surface occupied by these landfills is of
approximately 160 ha.
Almost all the landfills are operated by municipal or city owned companies who
are often the primary waste collectors. Only a fraction of the landfills actually have
permits and environmental monitoring programs.
For the existing non compliant landfills, the amount of disposed waste is recorded
by counting the containers entering the facility and by average weight of the waste
in the containers. A great part of the existing landfills in Region 1 do not have
barriers and leachate collection systems and are not designed to allow for
optimized LFG recovery.
In the table below are summarized the total number of urban landfills existing in
Region 1 including the date of opening and closure.
Table 2.2-18: Landfills - general data, 2003
Landfill name Type
Opening/
closure date
Designed
surface (ha)
Capacity
Bacu - Nicolae Blcescu b 1975 / 2009 8,0 250.000
Oneti - Filipeti b 1950 / 2009 2,9 174.000
Moineti b 1976 / 2009 2,0 150.000
Comneti b 1978 / 2009 6,0 400.000
Buhui b 1974 / 2009 1,9 120.000
Trgu Ocna b 1978 / 2009 1,5 250.000
Drmneti b 2000 / 2009 0,8 15.000
Total BACAU county 7 23,1 1.359.000
Botoani b 1983 / 2012 13,75 1.700.000
Dorohoi b 1996 / 2008 2,06 500.000
Darabani b 1984 / 2014 1,93 57.840
Sveni b 1960 / 2016 1,87 45.900
Total BOTOSANI county 4 19,61 2.303.840
Iai Tometi b 1968 / 2009 30 4.500.000
Pacani Valea Seac b 1979 / 2009 3,5 1.000.000
Trgu Frumos Adncata b 1982 / 2012 2 370.000
Hrlu b 1962 / 2017 2 500.000
Total IASI county 4 37,5 6.370.000
Piatra Neam (new landfill) b 2001 / 2013 2,28 125.000
Piatra Neam (old landfill) b 1973 / 2005 14,6 1.300.000
Roman b 1970 / 2012 5 900.000
Trgu Neam b 1965 / 2012 4 250.000
Bicaz b 1962 / 2009 2 450.000
Total NEAMT county 5 27,88 3.025.000
Suceava b 1972 / 2008 10 2.000.000
Rdui b 1984 / 2009 4,43 250.000
Antileti (Flticeni) b 1978 / 2010 2,18 168.000
Buliceni b 1980 / 2008 2 85.000
Hurghi (Cmpulung Moldovenesc) b 1990 / 2011 2,14 115.800
41 December 19
th
, 2006
Gura Humorului b 1955 / 2011 3,3 200.000
Siret b 1970 / 2008 0,8 180.000
Total SUCEAVA county 7 24,85 2.998.800
Vaslui b 1991 / 2006 5,7 399.000
Brlad b 1968 / 2006 16 750.000
Hui b 1952 / 2006 1,5 200.000
Negreti b 1996 / 2009 0,3 100.000
Total VASLUI county 4 23,5 1.449.000
Total REGION 1 NE 31 156,4 17505640
Source: Landfill operators and GD 349/2005
Type:
Landfill for hazardous waste: a
Landfill for non-hazardous waste: b
Landfill for inert waste: c
Mixt landfill (non hazardous and hazardous waste): a/b

The old landfill in Piatra Neamt ceased depositing in 2005 in line with the
environmental legislative requirements. In Vaslui County there are two not
complaint landfills that have ceased the depositing activity and one landfill that
will cease by the end of this year.
The procedure to close the landfills will be done by the time Romania accedes to
the EU in a simplified procedure, but according to art. 4 of Directive 75/442/EEC.
After the integration, the landfills that will cease depositing are to be closed
according to the provisions of Directive 1999/31/EEC in maximum 2 years from
the cease of depositing.
Dump sites
Besides the landfills summarized above, Region 1 has around 1.423 small dump
sites which do not comply with the EU standards and regulations. These are
mostly wild dump sites operated by the community, located usually in rural areas.
The closure date for all will be 2009 following the national targets. Before closure
an Environmental audit is required in order to describe the mitigation measures.
For both activities financing is requested. The total area of the landfills to be
closed is not known, the calculation being made based on estimations.

Table 2.2-19: Dump sites
County Number of dump sites Type Closure date
Bacau 210 b 2009
Botosani 181 b 2009
Iasi 420 b 2009
Neamt 78 b 2009
Suceava 177 b 2009
Vaslui 342 b 2009
Total Region 1 1423
Source: Leaps database

Sanitary landfill
At present, Region 1 NE has one ecologic landfill for municipal waste which is
located in Piatra Neamt, Neamt County. This landfill (first cell), realized according
to the provisions of the legislation in force on waste disposal, is equipped with a
waterproofing system with a compacted clay layer completed with a
geomembrane, geotextile and drilling layer, with a system of collection and
pumping of the leachate in the wastewater treatment plant in the city. It is also
equipped with a weighing machine and monitoring drilling of the quality of
underground waters within the landfill perimeter. The landfill was realized with a
42 December 19
th
, 2006
Danish co-financing from DEPA and finalized in 2000. The project stipulates the
realizing of installations for the collection and exhaustion of the gas in the landfill.
This landfill is only used for the disposal of waste collected in compacting
autoscavangers.
The Piatra Neam City Hall, within the Financing Memorandum signed between
the Romanian Government and the European Commission on the non-
reimbursable financial assistance through the Instrument for Structural Policies
for the measure Programme for the Waste Management in Piatra Neamt, has
the possibility of working out entirely the waste collection and landfilling. There
has been built a new cell of the landfill, having a surface of 4,2 ha and a capacity
of 300.000 cubic meters.
Table 2.2-20: Operating sanitary landfill
Landfill name Settlement
covered
Type Start year/
Closing year
Designed
surface
Designe
d
capacity
b first cell 2001/2008 2,28 125.000

Piatra Neam
Neamt County
Piatra Neam
and 10 rural
coterminous
localities
b second
cell
2008/2013 4,2 300.000
The data regarding the evolution of the landfill waste quantities are summarized
in the table below:
Table 2.2-21: Evolution of landfill waste quantities
Quantity of disposed waste
(tonnes)
County
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Available
capacity,
2003
(m
3
)
Bacu 193.855 146.086 15.114 184.414 175.956 438.000
Botoani 100.766 83.695 105.728 124.541 119.742 865.000
Iai 16.907 177.903 183.130 196.232 222.112 1.204.800
Neam 128.248 128.372 146.056 140.758 141.720 1.024.714
Suceava 94.495 120.271 137.932 142.672 92.173 222.700
Vaslui 94.568 104.784 116.099 108.927 107.913 255.500
Region 1 628.839 761.111 704.059 897.544 859.616 4.010.714

0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1000000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
year
t
o
n
e
s

Fig. 2.2-5: Trend of the landfilled quantities of waste

43 December 19
th
, 2006
3. REGIONAL OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS
3.1 Principles

The principles underlying waste management activities, defined in the National
Waste Management Strategy are listed below.
The principle of the protection of primary resources it is formulated in
the wider context of sustainable development with an emphasis on the use
of secondary raw materials
The principle of preliminary measures means to apply the current state
of technological development, correlated with environmental protection
requests and feasible measures from an economic point of view.
The prevention principle sets up a hierarchy of waste management
activities starting with avoiding, minimising of disposal quantities,
treatment for recovery and treatment and disposal in environmentally
sound conditions.
The polluter pays principle, correlated with the principle of producer
responsibility and user responsibility requires an adequate legislative
and economic framework according to which waste management cost
should be covered by the waste generators.
The substitution principle emphasis the need to replace dangerous raw
materials with non- dangerous ones thus avoiding hazardous waste
risings.
The proximity principle states that the waste should be treated or
disposed of as close as possible to the site where it was generated.
The subsidiary principle states that responsibilities should be assigned
to the lowest administrative level above the source of generation but
based on uniform regional and national criteria.
The integration principle states that the waste management is an
integrant part of the social economic activities generating the waste.

The principles will be an integral part of the regional objectives and targets.
There is a particularity of Region 1 NE:
When choosing the alternatives for collection, treatment and disposal there must
be taken into consideration, on one hand the fact that the region, from the
population point of view is first as compared to the other regions, and on the
other hand the fact that the population in rural area is about 60% of the total
population.
When introducing collection in rural area there has to be kept in mind the local
characteristics, the existing road infrastructure, the placement of the settlements
from each other and from the transfer stations and the existing or designed
regional landfills. The maximum distance from an economic point of view on
which transport of waste between a transfer station and a regional landfill can be
done is recommended to be no more than 50-60 km back and forward.
A selective collection door to door type would give positive results in
neighbourhood with houses and gardens rather than in those with apartment
buildings. In apartment buildings blocks could be set points for voluntary
collection where the population could deposit, selectively recyclable waste.

44 December 19
th
, 2006
3.2 Regional objectives and targets

Domain/
Activity
Main objectives Subsidiary objectives Targets
1.1.1 To elaborate specific
normative acts, at county
and local level, in
accordance with the waste
management policy and
the national legislation, to
implement an efficiently
integrated waste
management system, from
the economical and
environmental point of
view.
1.1.2 To encourage local
and county authorities to
elaborate, together with
the private sector, a
common strategy in order
to organize integrated
management on the entire
chain, from collection,
selective collection,
treatment until the final
disposal.
1.1. To elaborate a
legislative and
organizational
framework necessary
for the implementation
of a integrated waste
management system
1.1.3 The awareness of
decision making factors
and of population that a
qualified waste
management is of the
highest importance for the
health of the population
Permanent,
with periodic
revisions

1.2.1 Increase the
importance of legislation
and its control
1.2.2. Strengthen the
cooperation between
institutions in order to
apply the legislation
1. Policy
and
legislative
framework
1.2. To increase
efficiency of applying
the legislation in waste
management field
1.2.3. Increase the
efficiency of institutional
structures at
regional/county/local level,
by clear definition of their
responsibilities.
Permanent

Permanent
45 December 19
th
, 2006
1.3.1. To inform all
interested/involved factors
regarding the environment
protection legislation in
general and of
environmental protection
in particular.

Permanent
1.3. To increase
efficiency of applying
the legislation in waste
management field
1.3.2. To increase the
importance of monitoring
and control activities
performed by the
competent authorities as
REPA, National
Environmental Guard,
APM in accordance with
their responsibilities.

2.1.1. Create the
conditions to increase the
efficiency of the
institutional structures and
of the systems regarding
the waste management
activities.

Permanent

2.
Institutiona
l and
organizatio
nal aspects
2.1. Adapt and develop
the institutional and
structural framework to
fulfill the National and
European
requirements.

2.1.2. Strengthen the
administrative capacity of
the governmental
institutions at all the levels
(national, regional, county,
and local), with
competences and
responsibilities in the
enforcement of the
legislation.
Permanent
3. Human
resources
3.1. Ensure the human
resources in terms of
number and
professional
qualification.
3.1.1. Ensure sufficient
and well-trained staff and
adequate equipment at all
levels in the public sector,
as well as in the private
sector.
Starting 2007
4.
Financing
of the
waste
manageme
nt sector
4.1. Establishment and
making operational
economical and
financial systems and
mechanisms for waste
management, within
the context of
4.1.1. Developing a viable
waste management
system that will comprise
all stages from collection,
transport, recovery,
recycling, treatment and
final disposal
Permanent
46 December 19
th
, 2006
4.1.2. Optimize the
acquirement and the use
of all available funds
(environmental fund,
private funds, structural
funds, and others) for
capital expenditures in
waste management
domain.
Permanent
4.1.3. Improve the waste
management system by
elaborating economical
and financial mechanisms
that will allow the
organization of an
integrated waste
management system
based on conveyable
taxes for citizens that will
also cover the collection,
treatment and controlled
depositing costs.
2007 with
permanent
attention
4.1.4. Encourage the use
of all economical-financial
mechanisms for promoting
selective collection of
batteries and storage
batteries, of dangerous
household waste, of
packaging, of electric and
electronic equipment and
of end of life vehicles.
2007 with
permanent
attention
5.1.1. Increase the
communication between
all the stakeholders.
Permanent
5.1.2. Organize and
supervise educational and
awareness programmes at
all levels.
Permanent

5.
Awareness
of the
stakeholde
rs
5.1. Promote an
informing, awareness
and motivating system
for all the stakeholders.

5.1.3. The use of all
communication channels
(mass-media, web-sites,
seminaries, events) to
inform the public and for
the awareness of certain
target groups (children,
young, adults, elders)
Permanent
47 December 19
th
, 2006
5.1.4. To promote the
waste management audits
as a part of the planning,
supervision and control
process. For big
communities and
enterprises it is
recommended to integrate
the waste management
audit in planning and
control procedures.
Permanent
5.2 Public campaigns
concerning the
improvement of health
quality
5.2.1 Informing the public
on the noxious effects
caused by the inadequate
waste management
through their uncontrolled
disposal.
Permanent
6.1.1. Improve the
regional/county/local
system of collecting,
processing, and analyzing
data and information
regarding waste
management by using an
integrated and double
controlled system
connected with the
National Environment
Guard.
Permanent
6.1.2. Improve the direct
reporting through IT
means, of collected data
at regional level and
transmit them to national
level- meaning to the
Protection Agency by
using the entire potential
of modern informatics
facilities.
Permanent
6. Data and
information
regarding
waste
manageme
nt
6.1. Obtain complete
and accurate data and
information, suited to
the national and
European reporting
requirements.

6.1.3 Improving the
validation system of the
received data, the
increase of responsibilities
of the entire personnel
involved in collection,
process and data
validation, including the
Guar personnel.
Permanent
7.
Prevention
of the
waste
generation
7.1. Maximize the
prevention of the waste
generation
7.1.1. Promote, encourage
and implement the
prevention principle to
producers
Permanent
48 December 19
th
, 2006
7.1.2. Encourage
consumers to implement
the waste generation
prevention system.

Permanent
8.1.1. Develop a viable
market for raw materials at
regional level.
Permanent 8.1. Efficient use of all
technical and
economical possibility
for waste recovery.

8.1.2. Reduce the quantity
of deposited municipal
waste by using optimal
capacities for selection of
collected waste.
Permanent
8.2.1. Increase the degree
of material recovery
(recycling); recycling of
household waste, others
than packaging.

Permanent
8.
Recovering
the
effective
potential of
waste
8.2. Develop activities
for the material and
energetic waste
recovery.
.
8.2.2. Promote the energy
recovery through co-
incineration
(Carpatcement Holding
SA-Bicaz branch, Piatra
Neamt County) and
incineration in case the
material recovery is not
feasible from a technical-
economical point of view.

Permanent
9.1.1. Extend the
municipal waste collecting
systems in urban areas-
coverage area 100%.
2013
9.1.2 Extend the municipal
waste collecting systems
in rural areas- coverage
area minimum 80%.
2009
9.1. Ensure collection
capacities and
transport systems
adapted to the number
of inhabitants and to
the quantity of
generated waste.

9.1.3 Modernize collection
and transport systems
Permanent
9.2.1. Separate collection
of hazardous waste
existing in municipal
waste.
Starting 2007
9. Waste
collection
and
transport
9.2. Ensure the best
options for the waste
collection and
transport, correlated
with recycling and final
depositing activities.

9.2.2. Implementing the
selective collection
systems for recovered
materials so that to ensure
the reaching of legislative
objectives concerning
packaging and
biodegradable waste.
Permanent
49 December 19
th
, 2006
9.2.3. Construction of
transfer stations based on
feasibility studies and
correlated to the closing
years of the existing
landfills.
2007- 2013
10. Waste
treatment
10.1. Promote the
waste treatment in
order to assure a
rational ecological
management.

10.1.1. Encourage the
waste treatment in view of:
- recovery (material and
energetic);
- reduction of the
hazardous character;
- reduction of the quantity
of final disposed waste

Permanent
11.1.1. To reduce the
quantity of biodegradable
municipal waste landfilled
at 75% of the total
quantity (expressed
gravimetric) produced in
1995.
2010

municipal landfilled at
50% of the total quantity
(expressed gravimetric)
produced in 1995.

2013
11.
Biodegrada
ble waste
11.1. Reduce the
quantity of landfilled
biodegradable waste

municipal waste
deposited at 35% of the
total quantity (expressed
gravimetric) produced in
1995.

2016
12.1.1 Optimize the
quantity of waste per
packed product

Permanent 12.1 Prevent
packaging waste
generation
12.1.2 Create the
necessary conditions for
recycling packaging
waste, in the sense of a
good organization of
selective collection

Permanent
12.
Packaging
waste
12.2. Recovery and
recycling of packaging
waste applied to the
quantities of packaging
introduced on the
market

12.2.1 Recycling minimum
60% for paper/cardboard
and minimum 50% for
metal, from the weigh of
each type of material
contained in packaging
waste.
2008
50 December 19
th
, 2006
12.2.2 Recycling minimum
15% for plastic and wood,
from the weigh of each
type of material contained
in packaging waste.
2011
12.2.3 Recovery or
incineration in incineration
installations with a
minimum 50% energy
recovery from the weigh of
packaging waste.
2011
12.2.4 Recycling of
minimum 55% of the total
weight of packaging
materials contained in
packaging waste, with
minimum 60% for glass
and minimum 22,5 for
plastic.
2013
12.2.5 Recycling of
minimum 55% of the total
weight of packaging
materials contained in
packaging waste, with
minimum 60% for glass
and minimum 22,5 for
plastic.
2013
12.2.6 Recovery or
incineration in incineration
installations with a
minimum 60% energy
recovery from the weigh of
packaging waste.
2013
12.3 Create and
optimize packaging
waste recycling
schemes

12.3.1 Organize separate
collection systems for
packaging waste in order
to reach the targets at the
set deadlines.
Permanent
13.1.1 Separate collection
of waste from construction
and demolition, on
dangerous and non-
dangerous waste.
Starting 2007
13.1.2. Treatment of
contaminated waste from
construction and
demolition in order to
reduce the dangerous
potential and to landfill in
safety conditions.
Permanent
13.1.3. Create treatment
and recovery capacities.
Permanent
13.
Constructi
on and
demolition
waste
13.1 Proper
management with
respecting the strategic
principles and
minimization of the
impact on environment
and health
13.1.4. Proper disposal of
waste that can not be
recovered
Starting 2007
51 December 19
th
, 2006
14.1.1. Install special
points for the collection of
bulky waste from
population
Starting 2007
14.1.2. Establish door to
door collection schemes at
set periods of time
Starting 2007
14. Bulky
waste
14.1 Proper
management with
respecting the strategic
principles and
minimization of the
impact on environment
and health
14.1.3. Valorize the utile
potential from material and
energetic potential of
bulky waste.
Starting 2007
15.1.1. Prevent illegal
disposal and discharge of
sludge in surface waters.
Permanent
15.1.2 Promote as a
priority the recovery in
agriculture , with respect
of the law
Permanent
15. Sludge
from waste
water
treatment
plants
15.1 Proper
management of sludge
from waste water
treatment plants
15.1.3 Promote treatment
through bail/dehydration in
view of co-incineration
Permanent
16.1.1 a) Collect and treat
end of life vehicles that
had been introduced on
the market by individual
producers or of whose
producers have ceased
the activity
Permanent
16.1.1 b) Project a system
that will allow the last
owner of the car to deposit
it at a collection-recovery
point for free with the
exception foreseen by the
GD 2406/2005
Starting 2007
16.1.2 Establish at least
one collection point for
end of life vehicles for
each of the 6 counties of
Region 1 NE.
Establish a collection point
for end of life vehicles, in
every town with more than
100.000 inhabitants.
Starting 2007
16.1.3 Extend the reuse
and recycling of materials
from end of life vehicles
and energetic recovery of
those materials that can
not be recycled.
Starting 2007
16. End of
life
vehicles
16.1 Create and
develop a collection,
recovery, recycling
network for end of life
vehicles.
16.1.4 Reuse and
recovery of at least 75% of
the weight of the vehicles
produced before
1.01.1980
Starting
01.01.2007
52 December 19
th
, 2006
16.1.5 Reuse and
the weight of the vehicles
produced after 1.01.1980
Starting
01.01.2007
16.1.6 Reuse and
recycling of at least 70%
of the weight of the
vehicles produced before
1.01.1980
Starting
01.01.2007
16.1.7 Reuse and
of the weight of the
vehicles produced after
1.01.1980
Starting
01.01.2007
16.1.8 Reuse and
the weight of all end of life
vehicles
Starting
01.01.2015
16.1.9 Reuse and
of the weight of all end of
life vehicles
Starting
01.01.2015
17.1 Establish selective
collection points as
follows:
-1 collection point in each
county
town with over 100.000
inhabitants
town with over 20.000
inhabitants

31.12.2005

31.12.2005

31.12.2006
17.1.2 Organize selective
collection of electronic and
electric equipment waste
and of their components,
with a target of at least:
- 2 kg/inh*year
- 3 kg/inh*year
- 4 kg/inh*year

31.12.2006
31.12.2007
31.12.2008
17.
Electronic
and electric
equipment
17.1 Separate
collection, reuse,
recycling and recovery
17.1.3 Encourage and
facilitate reuse, recycling
of electronic and electric
equipment waste and of
their components and
materials that make them
Permanent
18.
Hazardous
waste from
municipal
waste
18.1Implementing the
services for collection
and transport of
dangerous waste
18.1.1 Information and
encouragement of citizens
in order to collect
separately the dangerous
components of household
waste
Starting 2007
53 December 19
th
, 2006
18.1.2 Set collection
points for dangerous
household waste
Starting 2007
18.2.1 Treatment of
dangerous waste for
recycling and reuse in
technological process
Starting 2007 18.2 Disposal of
dangerous waste in a
rational ecological way
18.2.2. Ensure the
capacities and
installations according to
the European standards
Starting 2007
19.1.1 Cease of activity of
the 29 non-compliant b
class landfills from urban
area
In stages, until
2007,
according t the
GD 349/2005
19.1.2 Closure and post-
closure monitoring of non-
compliant landfills
Correlated
with the cease
of activity
19.1.3 Closure and
sanitation of all depositing
spaces in rural area
Until 16
th
July
2016
19. Waste
disposal
19.1 Waste disposal in
accordance with the
legislation
requirements in this
field in order to protect
the health of the
population and the
environment
19.1.4 Ensure the
necessary capacities for
waste disposal by
promoting, primarily
disposal installations at
area level
Permanent

54 December 19
th
, 2006
4. PROGNOSIS OF MUNICIPAL WASTE AND PACKAGING WASTE

4.1 Evolution trend of the relevant factors for municipal and packaging
waste generation

Evolution of population
One of the relevant factors influencing the total generated municipal waste
quantity is the demographic evolution.
The study Projection of population by areas for the period 2004-2005,
elaborated by the National Institute for Statistics in 2006, highlights the evolution
of the population magnitude and structure by populated areas and by regions,
utilizing four scenarios: a constant, a medium, an optimistic and a pessimistic
option. Defining the projection scenarios has been based on recent trends of
demographic phenomena in urban and rural area, for each region.
For the calculation of the municipal waste generation the medium option has
been taken into account, as for the population prognosis scenario.
Table 4-1: Population prognosis, Region 1 medium option
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Urban 1.526.398 1.629.448 1.619.345 1.609.305 1.599.328 1.589.412
Rural 2.217.421 2.109.153 2.110.800 2.112.489 2.114.179 2.115.870
Total 3.743.819 3.738.600 3.730.145 3.721.794 3.713.506 3.705.282

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Urban 1.579.558 1.569.764 1.560.032 1.599.328 1.540.747
Rural 2.117.563 2.119.257 2.120.952 2.114.179 2.124.347
Total 3.697.120 3.689.021 3.680.984 3.713.506 3.665.094
Source: Projection of population by areas for the period 2004-2005, INS, 2006

Rate of area covered by waste management services
The estimation of the evolution of the rate of area covered by waste management
services has been realized on the basis of data from 2003 and considering the
objectives to be reached in 2009, according to the provisions of art. 3, (7) of HG
349/2005 regarding waste landfills. It is foreseen that the waste dump sites in the
rural area have to be rehabilitated by 16th July 2009, through remediation and by
reintroducing them into the natural cycle or by closure. This implicitly means that
in the rural area to this date, a waste collection system assuring transport to
transfer stations or to the most appropriate authorized landfills has to exist.
Therefore MEWM and NEPA proposed the targets regarding the rate of areas
covered by waste management services in 2009 to be of: minimum 80% in the
rural area. Considering that in 2003, for Region 1 NE, the sanitation service
coverage area was of 4%, it means that by 2009 the growth must be of 76%.
The estimations concerning the prognosis of the sanitation services coverage
area needed for the calculation of the generation/collection of household waste
prognosis, have been determined considering the investments that are to be
done at Region 1s level.
55 December 19
th
, 2006
Table 4-2: Estimation of the evolution of the rate of areas covered by waste
management services
Rate of areas covered by waste management services (%)

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Urban 78 79 80 82 84 87 90 93 96 99 100
Rural 4 10 20 30 40 60 80 85 90 95 100
Total 34 40 46 52 59 72 84 88 93 97 100

Determination of the generated packaging waste quantities in the region in 2002
The prognosis of generated packaging waste is calculated on the basis of data
from 2002, which has also been the basis for the elaboration of the
Implementation Plan for Directive 94/62/EC regarding packaging and packaging
waste, amended by Directive 2004/12/EC.
According to the estimations of the Implementation Plan in 2002, at national level
a total quantity of 1.150.000 t of packaging waste has been generated,
corresponding to a quantity of 850.000 t of packaging introduced on the market.
Since for 2002 at national level there is no data, the determination of the
generated packaging waste quantities at regional level has been realized on the
basis of the following factors:
The population of each region in 2002;
Monetary expenditures of the population by region for the acquisition of
goods and services. It has been considered that generated packaging
waste is directly proportional to the acquisition of goods and services by
the population.
Table 4-3: Generated packaging waste quantities in each region in 2002
Region Population
Total expenditure
(lei/inh. x month)
Share of
monetary
expenditure
related to
packaged
products (%)
Monetary
expenditure
related to
packaged
products
(lei/inh. x
month)
Quantity of
generated
packaging
waste in 2002
(tonnes)
1 3.674.367 2.559.347 51,5 1.318.064 159.875
2 2.848.219 2.751.383 56,2 1.546.277 145.386
3 3.379.406 2.533.570 55,0 1.393.464 155.453
4 2.330.792 2.558.275 47,9 1.225.414 94.286
5 1.958.648 2.808.452 62,2 1.746.857 112.947
6 2.740.064 2.970.463 58,7 1.743.662 157.720
7
2.523.021 2.905.224 58,5 1.699.556 141.553
8 2.226.457 3.502.610 71,0 2.486.853 182.779
Source: Statistical yearbook for Romania, 2003, data regarding population, total expenditure
and monetary expenditure
4.2 Prognosis of municipal waste generation
The prognosis of generated municipal waste has been realized starting from the
estimated data for 2003 (outlined in chapter 2 Existing situation) and
considering an annual increase of 0,8%. The annual increase of 0,8% for
generated municipal waste, in principle determined on the basis of the GDP
prognosis, has been used for the calculation of the prognosis in the National
Waste Management Plan.
The calculation of the annually generated municipal waste quantities has been
realized as follows:
56 December 19
th
, 2006
Mixed collected household waste from the population the quantity has
been calculated depending on the area (urban and rural) on the basis of
the prognosis of the population, of the rate of areas covered by waste
management services and of the generation indicator. For the generation
indicator an annual increase of 0,8% has been considered, taking into
account that in 2003 the generation indicator for the urban area has been
0,9 kg/inhabitant x year and for the rural area 0,4 kg/inhabitant x year;
Similar waste from commerce, industry and institutions the quantity has
been calculated starting from the estimated quantity for 2003 and
considering an annual increase of 0,8%. The quantity for 2003 represents
both mixed and separately collected waste. It has been considered that
the total quantity of separately collected waste represents similar waste,
because in 2003 no separate waste collection system for the population
had been implemented;
Garden and park waste, market waste and street waste - the quantity has
been calculated starting from the estimated quantity for 2003 and
considering an annual increase of 0,8;
Generated and not collected household waste the quantity has been
calculated depending on the area (urban and rural) on the basis of the
prognosis for the total population in the regions, the population not
connected to waste management services and the generation indicator.
For the generation indicator an annual increase of 0,8% has been
considered, taking into account that in 2003 the generation indicator for
the urban area has been 0,9 kg/inhabitant x day and for the rural area 0,4
kg/inhabitant x day.
In the following table is presented the prognosis of the municipal waste quantities
to be generated.

57 December 19
th
, 2006
Table 4-4: Prognosis of municipal waste generation
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1.
Municipal waste (household
waste and similar waste from
commerce, industry and
institutions, out of which:
1.050.046 1.080.834 1.086.353 1.091.918 1.097.525 1.103.172 1.108.861 1.114.592 1.120.365 1.126.180 1.132.039
1.1
Mixed collected household
waste from the population, out
of which:
399.000 457.289 495.026 538.752 583.078 665.593 749.308 785.166 821.391 857.986 883.995
Urban 386.050 426.249 432.400 443.986 455.611 472.709 489.865 507.080 524.354 541.686 548.116
Rural 12.950 31.040 62.625 94.765 127.467 192.884 259.443 278.086 297.037 316.300 335.880
1.2 +
1.3
Similar waste from commerce,
industry and institutions
(collected mixed and
separately)
149.566 150.763 151.969 153.184 154.410 155.645 156.890 158.145 159.411 160.686 161.971
1.5
Garden and park waste
20.180 20.341 20.504 20.668 20.834 21.000 21.168 21.338 21.508 21.680 21.854
1.6
Market waste
14.600 14.717 14.835 14.953 15.073 15.193 15.315 15.437 15.561 15.685 15.811
1.7
Street waste
44.700 45.058 45.418 45.781 46.148 46.517 46.889 47.264 47.642 48.023 48.408
1.8
Generated and not collected
waste, of which:
422.000 392.667 358.602 318.580 277.983 199.224 119.290 87.241 54.852 22.119 0

urban
110.313 113.307 108.100 97.460 86.783 70.635 54.429 38.167 21.848 5.472 0

rural
311.687 279.360 250.502 221.119 191.200 128.589 64.861 49.074 33.004 16.647 0
58 December 19
th
, 2006
Prognosis of generated biodegradable municipal waste
Definition of biodegradable municipal waste
The targets foreseen in Directive 1999/31/EC and in HG 349/2005 refer to
biodegradable municipal waste.
Directive 1999/31/EC and HG 349/2005 on the landfilling of waste defines the
following:
Municipal waste means waste from households, as well as other waste
which, because of its nature or composition, is similar to waste from
households;
Biodegradable waste means any waste that undergoes anaerobic or
aerobic decomposition, such as food and garden waste, paper and
cardboard.
Cardboard.
European and national legislation does not define biodegradable municipal
waste. Though, by combining these two definitions the following definition may
result: biodegradable municipal waste means biodegradable waste from
households, as well as other biodegradable waste which, because of its nature or
composition, is similar to biodegradable waste from household.
Therefore, biodegradable municipal waste represents the biodegradable fraction
of mixed collected household and similar waste, as well the biodegradable
fraction of separately collected municipal waste, including garden and park
waste, market waste, street waste and bulky waste.
According to the report of the European Environment Agency The management
of biodegradable municipal waste from 2002, the biodegradable fraction of
municipal waste represents: food and garden waste, paper and cardboard,
textiles, wood, as well as other biodegradable waste contained in collected
waste.
Prognosis of generated biodegradable municipal waste
For the determination of the generated biodegradable municipal waste quantities
the shares presented in the following table have been used.
Table 4-5: Share of biodegradable waste in municipal waste

Share of
biodegradable
waste (%)
Remarks
Household waste from the population:

Urban, out of which:
62
food and garden waste
51
paper+cardboard; wood 11
Rural, of which:
71
food and garden waste 62
paper+cardboard; wood; textiles
9
According to the
composition of
household waste at
regional level (data
resulting from
measurements)
Similar waste from commerce, industry and
institutions (collected mixed and
separately)
60 estimated
Garden and park waste
90 estimated
Market waste 80 estimated
Street waste
20 estimated
On the basis of generated municipal waste and taking into account the above
mentioned shares the biodegradable municipal waste quantities have been
estimated.
59 December 19
th
, 2006
Table 4-6: Prognosis of generated biodegradable municipal waste
Quantity of biodegradable waste (tonnes)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
1. Total quantity of biodegradable
waste from municipal waste, out of
which:
666.759 684.458 688.017 691.606 695.222 698.864 702.534 706.231 709.955 713.707 717.488
Biodegradable waste out of mixed
collected household waste from
population, of which:
248.545 286.313 312.552 342.555 372.980 430.027 487.921 511.831 535.996 560.419 578.306
Urban 239.351 264.274 268.088 275.271 282.479 293.080 303.716 314.390 325.099 335.845 339.832
196.886 217.387 220.524 226.433 232.362 241.082 249.831 258.611 267.420 276.260 279.539
paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 42.466 46.887 47.564 48.838 50.117 51.998 53.885 55.779 57.679 59.585 60.293
Rural 9.194 22.038 44.464 67.283 90.501 136.947 184.205 197.441 210.896 224.573 238.475
food and garden waste 8.029 19.245 38.828 58.755 79.029 119.588 160.855 172.413 184.163 196.106 208.245
1.1
paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 1.165 2.794 5.636 8.529 11.472 17.360 23.350 25.028 26.733 28.467 30.229
1.2
+
1.3
Biodegradable waste from similar
waste from commerce, industry,
institutions (collected mixed and
separately)
89.740 90.458 91.181 91.911 92.646 93.387 94.134 94.887 95.646 96.412 97.183
1.5 Biodegradable waste out of garden
and park waste
18.162 18.307 18.454 18.601 18.750 18.900 19.051 19.204 19.357 19.512 19.668
1.6 Biodegradable waste out of market
waste
11.680 11.773 11.868 11.963 12.058 12.155 12.252 12.350 12.449 12.548 12.649
1.7 Biodegradable waste out of street
waste
8.940 9.012 9.084 9.156 9.230 9.303 9.378 9.453 9.528 9.605 9.682
Biodegradable waste from generated
and not collected waste, out of which:
289.692 268.596 244.878 217.420 189.558 135.092 79.797 58.506 36.979 15.212 0
Urban 68.394 70.250 67.022 60.425 53.805 43.793 33.746 23.664 13.546 3.392 0
56.260 57.786 55.131 49.705 44.259 36.024 27.759 19.465 11.143 2.791 0
paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 12.134 12.464 11.891 10.721 9.546 7.770 5.987 4.198 2.403 602 0
Rural 221.298 198.345 177.856 156.995 135.752 91.298 46.051 34.843 23.433 11.820 0
food and garden waste 193.246 173.203 155.311 137.094 118.544 79.725 40.214 30.426 20.463 10.321 0
1.8
paper+cardboard; wood; textiles 28.052 25.142 22.545 19.901 17.208 11.573 5.837 4.417 2.970 1.498 0

60

Figure
Fig. 4-1: Share of biodegradable municipal waste types, 2010

4.3 Prognosis of generated packaging waste
The prognosis of generated packaging waste has been realized by considering an
annual increase of 10% for the period 2003-2006, of 7% for the period 2007-2009 and
of 5% for 2010-2013. These indicators for the increase have been stabilized together
with representatives of MEWM, NEPA and ARAM on the basis of the increase of the
indicators for retail commerce, on the basis of the reports regarding packaging and
packaging waste.
Table 4-7: Prognosis of generation of packaging waste
10 %/year increase 7 %/year increase 5 %/year increase

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Reg. 1 159.904 175.895 193.484 212.833 234.116 250.504 268.039 286.802 301.142 316.199 332.009 348.610
Romnia 1.150.000 1.265.000 1.391.500 1.530.650 1.683.715 1.801.575 1.927.685 2.062.623 2.165.754 2.274.042 2.387.744 2.507.133

According to the reports regarding packaging and packaging waste (database NEPA)
the structure of the type of material for packaging introduced to the market, as well for
generated packaging waste, is the following:
Paper and cardboard 26,5 %;
Plastic 30,0 %;
Glass 20,0 %;
Metal 11,75 %;
Wood 11,75 %.

Biodegradable waste
Out of garden and
Parck waste
2%
Biodegradable waste
out of street waste

4%
Biodegradable waste
Out of uncollected generated waste
In ruralareas
2%
Biodegradable waste
Out of similar waste
17%
\biodegradable waste
Out of market waste
1%
Biodegradable waste
Out of mixt collectes
Household waste in
Rural areas
20%
Biodegradable waste
Out of mixt collected household
Waste in urban areas

54%
Regional Waste Management Plan Region 1 North East
December 19
th
, 2006

61
Table 4-8: Prognosis of generated packaging waste, by type of material
Packaging waste quantity (tons)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total 159.875 175.863 193.449 212.794 234.074 250.459 267.991 286.750 301.088 316.142 331.949 348.546
P+C 42.367 46.604 51.264 56.390 62.030 66.372 71.018 75.989 79.788 83.778 87.966 92.365
Plastic 47.963 52.759 58.035 63.838 70.222 75.138 80.397 86.025 90.326 94.843 99.585 104.564
Glass 31.975 35.173 38.690 42.559 46.815 50.092 53.598 57.350 60.218 63.228 66.390 69.709
Metal 18.785 20.664 22.730 25.003 27.504 29.429 31.489 33.693 35.378 37.147 39.004 40.954
Wood 18.785 20.664 22.730 25.003 27.504 29.429 31.489 33.693 35.378 37.147 39.004 40.954
According to data from the data base regarding packaging and packaging waste and to
statistic data of European countries, 60% of the quantity of packaging waste is from
population and 40% from industry, commerce and institutions.
In 2003, the National Research and Development Institute for Environmental Protection
ICIM Bucharest has realized, at the Romanian Packaging and Environmental
Associations request a study concerning the proportion of packaging waste in
household waste. Knowing the proportion, on type of material for packaging waste in
the total of household waste, there can be determined the structure of packaging waste
out of household waste.
Table 4-1: The weight on material type o packaging waste in household waste

The weight on material type o
packaging waste in household
waste (%)
The structure of packaging waste
found in household waste
(%)
Paper and
cardboard 3,2 22,10
Plastic 7,1 48,52
Glass 3,0 20,49
Metal 1,3 8,89
Wood 0 0,00
Total 14,6 100,00
Source: ARAM, based on the studies carried out by ICIM
Knowing the structure of packaging waste found in household waste, and knowing that
60% of the packaging waste are found in household waste and that 40% in similar to
household waste from industry, commerce and institutions, the quantities of packaging
waste on type of material resulted from population, and industry, commerce and
institutions are determined.
Table 4-2: Prognosis on the packaging waste generation from population

Quantity of packaging waste (tonnes)

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total 95.925 105.518 116.069 127.676 140.444 150.275 160.795 172.050 180.653 189.685 199.169 209.128
Paper/c
ardboar
d
21.203 23.324 25.656 28.222 31.044 33.217 35.542 38.030 39.931 41.928 44.024 46.226
Plastic 46.539 51.193 56.312 61.943 68.137 72.907 78.010 83.471 87.645 92.027 96.628 101.459
Glass 19.656 21.621 23.784 26.162 28.778 30.793 32.948 35.254 37.017 38.868 40.811 42.852
Metal 8.527 9.380 10.318 11.350 12.485 13.359 14.294 15.295 16.059 16.862 17.705 18.591
Wood 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
December 19
th
, 2006

62
Based on the population prognosis, the generation indicators for packaging waste
resulted from population are determined
Table 4-11: Generation indicators for packaging waste from population

Generation indicators for packaging waste from population (kg/inhabitant x year)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
P+C 6 7 8 9 10 10,5 11 11,5 12 13
Plastic 15 17 18 20 21 22 24 25 26 28
Glass 6 7 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 10,5 11 11,5
Metal 2,8 3 3,3 3,6 4 4,1 4,4 4,6 4,8 5
Total 31 34 37,3 41,1 44 46,1 49,4 51,6 53,8 57,5

Table 4-12: Prognosis concerning the generation of packaging waste from
industry, commerce and institutions

4.4 Quantifying the targets
4.4.1 Quantifying the targets for biodegradable municipal waste

Directive 1999/31/EC and HG 349/2005 on landfilling of waste has the following
provisions for biodegradable municipal waste:
(a) not later than five years after 16
th
July 2001 biodegradable municipal waste going to
landfills must be reduced to 75 % of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable
municipal waste produced in 1995;
(b) not later than eight years after 16
th
July 2001 biodegradable municipal waste going
to landfills must be reduced to 50 % of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable
municipal waste produced in 1995;
(c) not later than 15 years after 16
th
July 2001 biodegradable municipal waste going to
landfills must be reduced to 35 % of the total amount (by weight) of biodegradable
municipal waste produced in 1995.
Directive 1999/31/EC on landfilling of waste provides for member states in which in
1995 or a previous year for which standardised EUROSTAT data is available, more

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total
63.950 70.345 77.380 85.118 93.630 100.184 107.196 114.700 120.435 126.457 132.780 139.418
Paper/c
ardboar
d
21.164 23.280 25.608 28.169 30.986 33.155 35.476 37.959 39.857 41.850 43.942 46.139
Plastic
1.424 1.566 1.723 1.895 2.085 2.231 2.387 2.554 2.682 2.816 2.957 3.104
Glass
12.319 13.551 14.906 16.397 18.037 19.299 20.650 22.096 23.200 24.360 25.578 26.857
Metal
10.258 11.284 12.412 13.653 15.019 16.070 17.195 18.398 19.318 20.284 21.299 22.363
Wood
18.785 20.664 22.730 25.003 27.504 29.429 31.489 33.693 35.378 37.147 39.004 40.954
December 19
th
, 2006

63
than 80% of collected municipal waste has gone to landfills, to postpone the fulfillment
of the targets set out in paragraphs (a), (b) and (c) for a period which cannot exceed
four years.
In the Implementation Plan for Directive 1999/31/EC on landfilling of wastes is
mentioned that Romania does not request a transition period for the fulfillment of the
target regarding the diversion of quantities of biodegradable waste. In order to meet the
targets set out in art. 5(2) (a) and (b) of the Directive Romania will apply the provisions
of paragraph 3 of art. 5(2) regarding the option to postpone the fulfillment of the targets
by conceding a grace period of 4 years, until 16
th
July 2010 and respectively until 16
th

July 2013. The third target will be attained at the date set out in the Directive, i.e. 16
th

July 2016.
According to the Implementation Plan the total quantity of generated biodegradable
municipal waste in Romania in 1995 has been of 4,8 million tonnes, of which 800.932
tonnes in Region 1 North-East.
In the following table the quantities of biodegradable municipal waste that has to be
diverted from landfills in 2010 and 2013 are presented, according to those presented
before.
Table 4-13: Quantifying the targets for biodegradable municipal waste
2010 2013
Quantity of generated biodegradable municipal
waste (tonnes)
706.231

717.488

Maximum quantity of biodegradable municipal
waste going to landfills (tonnes)
600.699 400.466
Quantity of biodegradable municipal waste that
has to be diverted from landfills (tonnes)
105.532

317.022

4.4.2 Quantifying the targets for packaging waste

Romania has obtained derogation from the provisions of article 6 of Directive 94/62/EC
on packaging and packaging waste, amended by Directive 2004/12/EC. In the following
table objectives for recycling and recovery or incineration with energy recovery are
presented, according to the accession treaty of Romania. For the objectives for the
recycling of paper and cardboard and metals, Romania asked for no derogation.

The targets for packaging waste are reported to the total quantity of packaging waste
generated the corresponding year.
Table 4-14:Targets for recycling/recovery of packaging waste according to the
implementation plan
Targets for recycling/recovery (%)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2012
2013
Paper + cardboard 60

Plastic 8 10 11 12 14 16 18 22,5
Glass 21 22 32 38 44 48
54
60
Metal 50

Wood 4 5 7 9 12 15

Total recycling 26 28 33 38 42 46
50
55
Total recovery 32 34 40 45 48 53
57
60
Source: Accession Treaty for Romania
December 19
th
, 2006

64
On the basis of the forecasted generated packaging waste quantities by type of material
(chapter 4.3) the targets for recycling and recovery are quantified.
According to these estimations:
in 2008 a total quantity of 107.000 t of packaging waste has to be recovered (about
40%), out of which at least about 88.000 t have to be recycled,
in 2011 a total quantity of 144.000 t of packaging waste has to be recovered (more
than 50%), out of which at least about 126.000 t have to be recycled,
and in 2013 a total quantity of 209.000 t of packaging waste has to be recovered
(about 60%), out of which at least about 191.000 t have to be recycled.
Table 4-15: Quantified targets for packaging waste, total and by type of material

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
P+C
42.611
Plastic
5.618 7.514 8.844 10.323 12.646 15.175 17.925 23.527
Glass
9.831 11.020 17.151 21.793 26.496 30.350 35.850 41.826
Metal
15.744
Wood
1.100 1.471 2.204 3.032 4.245 5.572 5.851 6.143
Total
recycling
60.859 70.129 88.437 108.965 126.457 145.425 165.975 191.701
Total
recovery
74.904 85.156 107.196 129.038 144.522 167.555 189.211 209.128

December 19
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65
5. SPECIFIC WASTE STREAMS
5.1 Hazardous waste as part of municipal waste
Hazardous waste, as part of the household waste and similar waste to the household
waste, is not collected separately, at present. This waste can affect the biological
process in landfills, the leachate treatment and finally it might pollute the groundwater.
The types of hazardous waste from municipal waste, and the specific waste code,
according to the European Waste List, are presented in the following table.
Table 5-1: Municipal hazardous waste
Waste
code
Type of waste
20 01 13* Solvents
20 01 14* Acids
20 01 15* Alkalis
20 01 17* Photochemicals
20 01 19* Pesticides
20 01 21* Fluorescent tubes and other mercury-containing waste
20 01 23* Discarded equipment containing chlorofluorocarbons
20 01 26* Oil and fat other than those mentioned in 20 01 25
20 01 27* Paint, inks, adhesives and resins containing dangerous
substances
20 01 29* Detergents containing dangerous substances
20 01 31* Cytotoxic and cytostatic medicines
20 01 33* Batteries and accumulators included in 16 06 01, 16 06 02 or
16 06 03 and unsorted batteries and accumulators containing
these batteries
20 01 35* Discarded electrical and electronic equipment other than those
mentioned in 20 01 21 and 20 01 23 containing hazardous
components (6)
20 01 37* Wood containing dangerous substances

Hazardous municipal waste collection
At present, separate collection of the hazardous waste from the household one is not made
in the region. In Piatra Neamt municipality, near to the new sanitary landfill, there is a
special place for the collection of hazardous waste from household, that is to be treated and
properly disposed of. The responsibility regarding the collection of waste can be distributed
to private sanitation agents.
There are several options to collect hazardous waste from households. This can be
organised by mobile collection with special vehicles, which will have an established time
schedule or by fixed collection points or by take back systems organised by dealers and
producers. The precondition for all systems is the existence of treatment and disposal
facilities.

December 19
th
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66
Table 5-2: Main options for collection of hazardous waste produced in
households
OPTION COMENTS ESTIMATION
1) Collection
by mobile
units
This system is very common because it is well accepted
by the inhabitants. About every three months, a
specialized hazardous waste collection vehicle comes to
a specific collection point or pace where for about 2 or 3
hours will collect the hazardous waste delivered by
inhabitants living nearby.
Usually, there are about 4000 to up to 5000 persons
connected to a collection point. The collection vehicle
can serve about 700,000 people with a collection
frequency of 3 months. The collection of the hazardous
waste is free of charge for the customers, if the delivered
amount does not exceed 20 kg/delivery. The cost of this
system is included in the fee for the ordinary waste
collection.
The system requires a very well trained personnel in
order to ensure the proper collection of the different kind
of hazardous waste.
It is estimated that by this system about 35-40% of the
hazardous waste coming from household will be
collected.
1) Collection of
hazardous
waste from
households by
mobile units.
2) Collection
directly from
households
The hazardous waste is collected from the households
directly, after arranging a date by phone.
For small quantities of hazardous waste delivered by a
single household, this option is extremely expensive.
Because this option is not practiced, no data regarding
the rate of collection is available.
This option is
not
recommended
due to the very
high costs.
3) Collection
points for
hazardous
waste
The official collecting points for recyclable materials can
be also extended to the collection of hazardous waste
from household and to the commercial sector. An
advantage of this system is that the collection points are
opened continuously.
Compared to the small quantities of hazardous waste
from households, which usually are delivered to these
collection points, the cost of personnel is high. Qualified
staff is needed for classifying and pre-sorting the
hazardous waste. Therefore, the number of collection
points, which are prepared to receive hazardous waste
from households should be limited and carefully
positioned taking into account the specific structure of the
settlements.
One or two
locations are
recommended
for the
municipalities,
capital of state,
in combination
with the
recycling and
collection
points of the
county and in
cooperation
with the
landfills. All
kind of
hazardous
waste can be
collected

December 19
th
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67
OPTION COMENTS ESTIMATION
4) Collection
containers
specific
hazardous
waste
categories
The installation of collection containers for specific
hazardous waste types at non-guarded locations is
riskful. Due to the experience gained up to now,
uncontrolled collection containers for used oil, expired
drugs, batteries and car batteries did not work well in
Central Europe. Vandalism and misuse were the main
reasons for that.
Therefore, the collection containers need a protection.
This can be achieved by placing them at shops selling
those products, specialized companies (see option 5) or
at collection points (see option 3)
This is only a
solution in
combination
with option 3
or 5.
5) Collection
by shops or
specialized
companies
This system works very well for the collection of out of
use car accumulators and for used car oils, in a close
collaboration with workshops which are responsible for
the collection of this kind of waste.

This is a
recommended
solution for
collection of
expired
medicals, used
oil, car
batteries,
batteries

All organic components have to be incinerated at high temperatures. Mineral
components have to be immobilized, which means they have to be incorporated into a
cement mixture. These will be eliminated like cement blocks.
Batteries, accumulators and used car oil
The main components of batteries are alkali-manganese and zinc-carbon. These
batteries contain a high quantity of mercury which cause high costs by recycling in non-
ferrous metal melting plants.
Recommended is a Take Back collection of batteries organised by the commercial
sector. Activities for the reduction of the mercury content should be supported.
The collection of vehicles batteries are made mainly through the deposit system.
Used vehicles oil is collected through workshops and gas stations.
Expired medicaments
Medicaments that overdue their guarantee term are not more dangerous than those still
in their term. It is why expired medicaments should be collected by drugs stores, which
is common practice among European countries.
Expired medicaments can be eliminated through incineration/co-incineration or by
landfilling in hazardous waste landfills.
Estimations regarding the generated quantity of hazardous waste from household waste
The estimation regarding the specific quantities of household hazardous waste is based
on statistical indicators from the European countries. Thus, it is estimated that in urban
areas the generation rate is of 2.5kg/person x year, and for the rural area of about
1,5kg/person x year.

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68
Table 5-3: Estimation of the generated hazardous household waste

Number of Population
Generating
Indicator
(kg/inhabitant x
year)
Total quantity of
generated waste (tons)
Urban 1.609.305 2.5 4.023
Rural 2.112.489 1.5 3.168
Total Region 1 3.721.794 - 7.191

The collection efficiency is quite low for hazardous components. It needs continuous
awareness campaigns to sensitize the public about the risks. At the beginning, the
collection efficiency of separate collection of hazardous waste is quite low and it will
increase only by continuous education.

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69
5.2 Waste of electronic and electric equipments

The evaluation of WEEE quantities that will be generated, and also of the
collectable quantity
The WEEE quantity which has to be colleted starting with 2006 was established for the
member state to 4 kg/inhabitant and year. Taking in consideration the impossibility of
reaching this target, Romania asked for a transition period of 2 years. The situation of
Romania is not singular, all of the Central and Eastern Europe states, as well as the
Baltic ones that joined the EU in 2004 did ask obtained temporary derogation for the
same period. Their reasons are mainly related to the lower level of population
endowment with electrics and electronics than the population from the old members, the
longer length of their usage because of the income level but also because the rural
population has a larger share, which means there are difficulties in creating the
collecting infrastructure.
Romania has established in 2004, through the implementation plan, intermediate
targets of 2kg/inhabitant for the year 2006 and 3kg/inhabitant for the year 2007. These
targets were based on the existing information to that date concerning the equipment
quantities put on the market, and also on the presumption that they will be used as long
as the average usage life indicated by the producer.
In the last 2 years, the situation evolved a lot, and the available information is far more
accurate than in 2004. Implementation of the directive in member states led to the
development of more than 30 collective non-profit organizations, grouped in the WEEE
Forum, which covers most part of the member states. Taking in consideration their
experience, and also the conditions from Romania, it is possible to make a much better
assessment of the WEEE collectible quantities.
From the statistics presented in the implementation plan, but also from the information
given by the industry (CECED Romania) it was estimated the following quantities of
EEE, from the first category, set on the market at national level in 2002, 2003, 2004,
and 2005.
Table 5.2-1: Number of the first category equipment set on the market
Product 2005 2004 2003 2002
Freezers and
deepfreezes
450000 530000 672000 357000
Washing machines 420000 405000 535000 296000
Stoves 325000 265000 358000 200000
Vapour hood 160000 152000 200000 120000
Dish washer 4000 3400 3000 2000
Total 1359000 1355400 1768000 975000
The evaluation is based on data concerning production, imports and exports of EEE from the
Implementation Plan of the Directive 2002/96/CE, and also on data regarding the market for household
electrics given by CECED Romania

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70
Table 52-2: Average weight of the equipments set on the market (kg)
Equipment kg
Freezers 62
Washing machines 50
Stoves 35
Vapour hood 20
Dish washer 50
The evaluation is based on data from The Implementation Plan of the Directive 2002/96/CE, and also on
data regarding the average weight for household electrics given by CECED Romania
Table 5.2-3: Total mass of the first category equipments set on the market in
Romania(kg)
Product 2005 2004 2003 2002
Freezers and
deepfreezes
27.900.000 32.860.000 41.664.000 22.134.000
Washing machines
21.000.000 20.250.000 26.750.000 14.800.000
Stoves 11.375.000 9.275.000 12.530.000 7.000.000
Vapour hood 3.200.000 3.040.000 4.000.000 2.400.000
Dish washer
200.000 170.000 150.000 100.000
Total 63.675.000 65.595.000 85.096.003 46.434.000
kg/inhabitant and
year
2,89 2,98 3,87 2,11
In order to determine the collectible quantities of WEEE from the first category, an
average usage period of 15 years for these equipments can be considered. This was
established at European level for many brands of large household electronics, from
which resulted that the average usage period, in the member states of EU, for the
equipments from this category is of 13 years. It is reasonable, maybe even optimistic to
suppose that this period is greater only by 2 years.
It is that these equipments set on the market in 1991 will be collected in 2006, and
those set on the market in 1992 in 2007, etc. If we take in consideration the efficiency of
the most outstanding management system of WEEE from Europe, belonging to the
WEEE Forum members, the collectable quantity is of 58% from the estimated
generated WEEE. (according to the WEEE Forum data).
The quantity of equipment set on the market between 1991 and 2001 was calculated by
extrapolation of the data from the maximum year 2003, taking into consideration an
annual market increase of 7% from 1991 to 2003.

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71
Table 5.2-4: Quantity of first category equipment set on the market (kg/inhabitant
and year)
Year 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991
Quantity
set on
the
market
3.87 3.62 3.38 3.16 2.95 2.76 2.58 2.41 2.25 2.11 1.97 1.84 1.72

Table 5.2-5: Quantity of collectable quantity of first category WEEE in case that
the system from Romania would have the efficiency of the best European
systems
Year 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
Collectable quantity of
waste from the first
category if the collecting
system would have the
same efficiency as the
most performing systems
existing in the member
states.
1.96 1.83 1.71 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.31 1.22 1.14 1.07 1

According to WEEE structure of the WEEE Forum members, waste from the first category
has a share of 46% of the total. Based on these data it was estimated the total quantity
that will be generated starting with 2006 and also the collectable quantity taking in
consideration the collecting rate of 58% of the generated quantity of the most efficient
systems.
Table 5.2-6: Generated quantity of WEEE in Romania
Year 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
Total
generated
quantity of
WEEE
7.35 6.87 6.42 6 5.61 5.24 4.9 4.58 4.28 4 3.74

Table 5.2-7: Total collectable quantity of WEEE
Year 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
Collectable
quantity of WEEE
if the collecting
system would
have the efficiency
of the most
efficient system
existing in the
member states
4.26 3.98 3.72 3.48 3.25 3.04 2.84 2.65 2.48 2.32 2.17

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72
Table 5.2-8: Collectable quantities of WEEE in the Region 1
Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Population
of the
Region 1 3721794 3713506 3705282 3697120 3689021 3680984 3673008 3665094
Collected
quantity if
it reaches
the
evaluated
collecting
rate (tons)
8076 8615 9189 9797 10477 11190 11937 12755
Collected
quantity of
WEEE if
the targets
from the
Directive
are
reached
(tons)
7444 11141 14821 14788 14756 14724 14692 14660
The estimation is based on the data from table 5-10, but also on the prognosis concerning the population
evolution in this region
Obligations of parties involved in the WEEE management process
Physical and juridical persons have the obligations to not dispose the WEEE in the same
place with household waste but to deliver them to distributors in case of buying of a new
product at the same type (one on one exchange) or to deliver the WEEE to the collection
points managed by the local authorities (according to the HG 448/2005, art.5 paragraph 2
and 6 provisions).
The local authorities have the obligation to collect the household WEEE (according to the
HG 448/2005, art.5 paragraph 1) and to organize and operate the municipal WEEE
collection points (according to the OUG 61/2006, point 35, letter f)). The locations where
this waste will be collected are going to be part of a collection point for certain waste
streams coming from households and which can not be managed as household waste
(e.g. furniture, tires, used car oil, etc).
The collection points established so far in Region 1 NE are presented in the following
tables.
Table 5.2-9: County collection points
County Location of collection point Fitting out of the collection point
Bacu
Bacu, str. Ciprian
Porumbescu nr. 32 (within
landfill SOMA SRL)
Metallic hall, with concrete, with a surface
of 108sm. There are set 6 containers of
1,1 cm each.

Botoani
Botoani, str. Manoleti Deal
nr. 3A (incinta SC REMAT
SA)
Storehouse with iron plate, concrete
floors. Surface: 37 sm.
Iai
Hrlu, str. Hatman Luca
Arbore

Neam Roman, str. Colectorului fn
10.000 sm waste land, with no fence,
access through str. Colectorului
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73
Piatra Neamt, Str. Poiana
Teiului nr.6
Collection point of SC GREEN OFFICE
SRL Piatra Neamt (collect and treat)
Suceava
Flticeni Municipality str. 13
Decembrie, nr. 25 (incinta
SC GOSCOM SA )
Concreted surface, covered, 400 sm

Vaslui
SC REMAT SA VASLUI,
str.Podul Inalt, nr.9
Covered hall, concrete floors, 30 sq m
surface, no containers

TOTAL
REGION
7

Table 5.2-10: Collection points- towns with over 100.000 inhabitants
County
Location of collection point for
town with more than 100.000
inhabitants
Fitting out of collection point for
towns with over 100.000 inhabitants
Bacu
Bacu - com. Nicolae Blcescu,
within the household waste landfill
Collection point, established by the
Bacau City hall is in a covered building,
with brick walls, concrete floors, having
a surface of 30 sq m, having constant
surveillance. Two 1,1 cubic meter
containers are set for less bulky waste.

Botoani
Botoani - str.Iuliu Maniu, nr.125
depozit SC Goldana SRL Botosani
Closed space, with concrete, about 100
sq m.

Municipal waste landfill in Tomesti
Commune, near the administrative
building
Concrete platform, railed.

Podul de Piatra at the intersection of
str.Strapungere, Silvestru, with
Podul de Piatra
Uncovered concrete platform S = 300
sq.m Iai
Iai - Piata CUG
str.Razoarelor,Libertatii and B-ul
Poitiers
Covered platform, fenced, connected to
utilities, S=300sq. m
Piatra Neam, near the compliant
landfill, with access through str.
Horia Piatra Neam, str. Bistriei
450 sq m surface
Piatra Neamt, cartier Darmanesti,
str. Valea Alba (within ISPA
Measure)
714 sq.m surface
Neam
Piatra Neamt, cartier Maratei, str.
Maratei (within ISPA measure)
700 sq.m surface
Suceava
Suceava str. Grigore Alexandru
Ghica, nr. 6A, (incinta SC DIASIL
SERVICE SRL )
340 sq m surface, concrete, covered,
utilities, weighing scale, 2 containers of
36 cubic meters each.
TOTAL
REGION
10

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74
Table 5.2.-11: Collection points- towns with over 20.000 inhabitants
County
Location of collection point for
town with more than 20.000
inhabitants
Fitting out of collection point for
towns with over 20.000 inhabitants
Comneti within the municipal
waste landfill
Collection point set by Comanesti city
hall has a surface of 100 sq m, railed
and covered, having in the inside 4
cm containers.
Buhui, str. M. Viteazu
Collection point, set by Buhusi city
hall, located in str. M. Viteazu, has a
surface of 80 sq m, concrete, covered
Moineti, str. Alboteti
The collection point is a metallic hall,
with 80 sq m surface, concreted. Two
containers of 4 cm each are set
inside.
Bacu
Oneti, str. G.Bacovia (at the
sanitation company headquarters
SC Servsal SA Oneti)
Concrete storage house, having a 30
sq m surface. In process of being
endowed with containers for selective
collection of WEEE.
Botoani
SC REMAT SA Botosani + working
point Dorohoi, Strada Oituy nr.1
Iron plate storage house, no concrete,
in process of fitting out, about 10 sq
m.

Iai
Pacani str. Grii within the
asphalt plant
Partially concreted space, not covered

Tg. Neam, bd. 22 Decembrie, bl.
M5, parter
Closed space, initial destination was
of commercial space
Roman, str. Colectorului fn
5.000 sq m waste land, not railed, with
access from str. Colectorului, near the
settlement for the county collection
point
Neam
Roman, str. Ogoarelor nr.3 -
Rdui, str Grnicerului, nr.4 (within
the thermal unit no.3)
Concreted storage house, 20 sq m
Flticeni, str. 13 Decembrie, nr.25,
within SC GOSCOM SA sanitation
company
Concreted storage house, 100 sq m,
in which 2 euro containers are set. It
has infrastructure and utilities. .
Suceava
Cmpulung, Str Uzinei, nr.6, (incinta
SC FLORCONSTRUCT SRL)
Covered space and concrete platform,
50 sq m
Vaslui- within SC REMAT SA
VASLUI, str.Podul Inalt, nr.9
Concrete surface, covered, fenced,
without containers, S = 35 sq.m s
Vaslui-within SC Comppil SA Vaslui,
str.Podul Inalt, nr.3
Under construction
Husi-within SC REMAT SA VASLUI,
str.Petre Filip, nr.5
Concrete surface, covered, fenced,
guarded, without containers, S = 50
sq. m
Barlad-within SC Remat SA Iasi,
working point Barlad, str.Palermo,
nr.4
Concrete surface, uncovered, 100
sq.m, equipped with 3 izothermal
containers, guarded
Vaslui
Barlad-within SC COMPPIL SA
VASLUI, str.Palermo, nr.2
Covered, concrete surface, S = 292,5
sq.m, foreseen with metallic
containers
TOTAL
REGIUNE
17

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75
Taking over the collected WEEE at the municipal points and also their recovery have to
be ensured by the producers, according to the HG 448/2005 art.5, paragraph 2.
Recovery rate of the collected WEEE will be according to the HG 448/2005, art.5,
paragraph 12, of:
50% of the target foreseen in the Directive 2002/96/CE art.7, paragraph 2, for
collected WEEE in 2006;
collected WEEE in 2006;
collected WEEE in 2008.
Producers can reach their obligations individually or transferring their responsibilities
toward collective organizations, authorized according to the OM 1225/2005.
Producers have the responsibility of financing the operations of taking over from the
collecting points, treatment and recovery of WEEE coming from household according to
the obligation stipulated by the HG 448/2005 art.8, paragraph 1. These responsibilities
are applied:
Proportionally with the market share, for the equipments set on the market until
the 1st of January 2007 the so called historical waste (according to the
provisions of HG 448/2005 art.8, paragraph 5);
Only for their own equipments set on the market after this date (according to the
provisions of HG 448/2005 art.8, paragraph 5).
Producers who do not take part to a collective system, will have to deposit, starting with
the 1st of January 2007, a guarantee which have to cover the costs for recycling the
equipments they set on the market after this date, in case they stop their activity
(bankruptcy, closeout, etc).
The collective organizations are responsible for taking over the WEEE from the
collecting points established by the authorities, proportionally to the responsibility of the
joined producers. According to the recycling possibilities, the following operations will
take place:
Transport directly to the recycling operators from Romania ( possible, mainly, for
large household electronics, in case of a good separation at the collection time);
Transport to a sorting and storing centre where WEEE are sorted out on
categories of equipments according to the recycling possibilities. Waste that can
be recycled in Romania is transported to the recycling operators, those that have
to be exported for recycling are temporary stored until there will be enough
quantities which would justify the export operation.
Export in order of recycling.
In case of WEEE other than those coming from households, the management costs will
be covered by:
holders, for equipments set on the market until the 1st of January 2007
(according to the HG 448/2005, art.9, paragraph 2);
Producers, for WEEE collected because of old equipments replacement with new
ones (according to the HG 448/2005, art.9, paragraph 2, letter b)) or for
equipments set on the market after the 1st of January 2007. There is also the
possibility that the producers and users, others than households, to sign
agreements which would establish other financing forms (according to the HG
448/2005, art.9, paragraph 3).
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76
5.3 End of life vehicles

The end of life vehicles number, in Region 1, was estimated in 2002 at about 30 000.
There is a network of businesses (over100) relatively equally spread over Romanias
territory , which have done and still do collecting, dismantling and recovery operations of
the end of life vehicles in order to commercialize them.
There is a shredder belonging to the company S.C. Remayer S.A., installed in
Bucharest with a capacity of 8000 tones/months. But, this one doesnt function at its full
capacity because of the reduced number of the vehicle which are put out of use and
given for treatment.
Because of the transport costs, in the rest of the country, end of life vehicles are treated
by main components dismantling and then packaging them for purpose of exportation of
the non-ferrous material.
At the moment, end of life vehicles elimination is a profitable economical activity
because only metal components are capitalized (approximately 70% of vehicle weight),
the rest going for landfilling.
Dismantling and recycling installation generally have a low technical level and does not
respect the minimum provision from the 1st Annex of the Directive.
Table 5.3-1: No of ELV collected, treated and disposed between 2003-2005
2003 2004 2005 County Anterior
stock collecte
d
treated stock collec
ted
treate
d
stock collec
ted
treate
d
stock
Bacu 32 442 426 48 368 338 78 721 502 297
Botoani

- - - 10 7 3 92 14 81
Iai

169 169 0 240 240 0 784 558 226
Neam

- - - 494 494 0 825 792 33
Suceava 118 114 4 142 142 4 344 270 78
Vaslui

17 17 0 21 21 0 151 71 80
TOTAL
Region
1 NE
32 746 726 52 1275 1242 85 2884
+

180
car
bodies
2207
+
180
car
bodies
762
(85
come
from
previo
us
years)

From ELV dismantling can result battery accumulators with PB, motor, transmission and
embrocation oils, liquids (excluded fuel), oil filters, catalyzes, metalic components, tyres,
other materials from depollution. In table 5.3.2 are presented the quantities resulted in
2005, following the dismantling of collected ELV.
Table 5.3-2: Situation of waste resulted from treatment of ELV in 2005
Quantity (t)
Type of waste
Collected Capitalized disposed
Stoc
k
battery accumulators with PB 10,105 9,805 0 0,3
motor, transmission and embrocation oils 1,718 0,69 0 1,028
liquids (excluded fuel) 0,041 0 0,02 0,021
oil filters 0,085 0,036 0,047 0,002
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77
other materials from depollution 0,016 0,016 0 0
catalizors (pieces) 1 0 0 1
metalic components 31,311 31,311 0 0
tyres 13,763 11,374 0 2,389
Big plastic components 3,275 0,168 0 3,107
Glass 6,919 1,399 5,52
Ferrous metals (steel) 1046,8 1045,5 0 0,5
Non-ferrous metals (aluminum, cooper,
zinc, led etc) 14,874 14,469 0 0,405
Light fraction following shredding 0 0 0 0
others 0,837 0,231 0 0,606

Economic operators authorized to collect and treat ELV, existing in the region are:
5.2-3: Economic operators authorized to collect and treat ELV
Name Address Address work point
Bacu County - 4
REMAT SA Bacu Bacu, str. Izvoare nr. 107 Bacu, str. Izvoare nr. 107
SOMA SRL Bacu Bacu str. Alexei Tolstoi nr. 6 Bacu, str. Alexei Tolstoi nr. 6
SC CARSERO SRL Bacau, str.Martir Closca, 6/B/4 Jud. Bacau, Comuna Nicolae
Balcescu
SC CASA AUTO
SRL
Jud. Bacau, Comuna Letea Veche Jud. Bacau, Comuna Letea Veche
Botoani county - 2
REMAT SA Botoani, str. Manoleti Deal, nr.3 A, str. Manoleti Deal, nr.3 A
GOLDANA SRL Botoani, str. Petru Rare, nr.26 Botoani, str.Iuliu Maniu, nr.125
Iai County - 2
LUCA'S SRL Iai Iai, Trec. Pun nr. 2 Iai, Trec. Pun nr. 2
REMAT SA Iai Iai, str. Aurel Vlaicu nr.88 Iai, str. Aurel Vlaicu nr.88
Neam County - 1
REMAT SA Neam Piatra Neam str. G-ral N.
Dsclescu, nr. 287
Piatra Neam str. G-ral N.
Dsclescu, nr. 287
Suceava County - 7
PF MUHA TRAIAN
Suceava
Suceava, str. Gheorghe Doja,
nr.61D
Suceava, str. Gheorghe Doja
nr.61D
TRANSFOREST
SRL Vatra Dornei
Vatra Dornei, str. Argestru nr.3 Vatra Dornei, str. Argestru nr.3
OMT METAL SRL
Gura Humorului
Gura Humorului, str. Pltinoasa fn, Gura Humorului, str. Pltinoasa fn,
MARICOL SRL
Suceava
Suceava, str. Luceafrului nr.12,
bl T62, sc A, ap 40
Suceava, str. Calea Unirii, nr. 35
(within Abator Burdujeni)
AUTOLINE SRL
Suceava
Suceava, str. Rndunicii nr. 2 Suceava, str Humorului nr.89C
ROLEX SRL
Suceava
Suceava, str. Cernui nr. 112b Suceava, str. Cernui nr. 112b,
CONEXIUNI IMPEX
SRL Suceava
Suceava, str.Gheorghe Doja
nr.111
Suceava, str.Gheorghe Doja
nr.111
Vaslui County - 0
TOTAL Region - 16

December 19
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78
5.4 Construction and demolition waste

Legal Provisions

Law 426/2001 for OUG 78/200 approving, concerning the waste management states:
(1) waste dumped in temporary landfills, or demolition or constructions
rehabilitation waste are treated and transported by the owners of the waste, by
those who work in constructions or demolition or by any other person, on a
contract basis.
(2) the city council establishes the site for elimination of the waste indicated in
the (1) paragraph, the elimination and transportation ways toward this site.
(3) waste producers and holders have the obligation to ensure waste recovery
or elimination through own means or by delivering it to authorized operators, in
order to be capitalized or termination; delivery and acceptance of production
waste, household waste, construction and demolition waste, and hazardous
waste, in order to eliminate them, have to be done only under contract.
Law no.101/2006 concerning sanitation service management of the localities which will
recall, starting on march 2007, the OG 87/2001 concerning public sanitation services,
introduces, as activity of the localities sanitation services (local public service of communal
management, organized, coordinated, righted, leaded, monitored and controlled by local
public administration) and the activity of collecting, transport and landfilling of the waste
resulted from construction and demolition activities as separate activity of pre collecting,
collecting and transport of the municipal waste, including the hazardous toxic waste from
household waste.
Generated quantities
At the moment there is no relevant data concerning the generated quantity of construction
and demolition waste at regional level. According to the statistical data from European
level, the generation index of construction and demolition waste is at the level of hundreds
of kilograms and year per inhabitant.
Thus, the first enforcing measure is that of projecting and managing a data base for
construction and demolition waste.
Construction and demolition waste management
Main measures concerning the management of this kind of waste are:
Separate collection from the source, based on type of material and also on
hazardous and non-hazardous;
Promoting the recycling and reusing of construction and demolition waste;
Ensuring treatment/sorting capacities for this waste;
Ensuring a controlled landfilling of the non-reusable waste which can not be
capitalized, according to the provisions in power.

In the following figure the main ways of demolition waste (especially rubble) management
are shown.

December 19
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79

Figure 5-1 Main methodologies for demolition waste management

Demolition rubble
Disposal

Reuse:

At the source, eg. from renovations
and rehabilitations
In landfills constructions;
Underground landfilling
Others
Treatment/Sorting stations
Recovery
Civil construction
Road construction
Others
Residue
Recyclied
construction
materials
December 19
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80
5.5 Sludge from wastewater treatment plants
Existing situation
In the following table, are sumarised the existing wastewater treatment plants in the
region, the number of connected inhabitants and the quantities of sludge resulted, in
2005, based on the information provided by REPA Bacau.
Table 5-4 Existing municipal water treatment plants
County Municipal waste
water treatment
plants
Inhabitant
s
connected
Capacity (cm/h) Quantity of sludge
Projected Actual moist
(tone)
SU (tone)
BC Autonomous Regia of
communal husbandry
Bacu
147056 5706 3394 216000 4320
15000 201 215 48800 1463
BC SC AP-CANAL Oneti
- SE old and SE new
23000 1440 189 69500 2085
BC Thermal Unit
Comneti - SE
Comneti
8200 583 200 875 70
BC SC PRES SERV SA
Moineti 11333 367.2 226.2 2952 703.25
BC Trgu Ocna local
council 4730 126 126 110,000 10,000
BC Slnic Moldova local
council
1170 129.6 129.6 375 30
BC Buhui local council
(department of
communal
management)
10000 50 35 1200 300
BC Sascut local council
220489 8602.8 4514.8 449702 18971.3
BC Podu Turcului Local
Council financing
under SAPARD
na 8,75 na na na
BC Caiuti Local Council
financing under
SAPARD
na 8,75 na na na
BC Faraoani Local Council
financing under
SAPARD
na 11,25 na na na
Total BC 11
440978 17234,35 9029,6 899.404 37.942,5
BT AC APA GRUP SA
Botoani - SE
Botoani
96823 4320 1512 42840.2 2142
BT AC APA GRUP SA
Botoani - SE Dorohoi 16672 856.8 298.8 0 258
BT AC APA GRUP SA
Botoani - SE
Darabani
950 72 7.2 0 2.8
December 19
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81
BT AC APA GRUP SA
Botoani - SE Sveni
4100 154 29 200 0
BT Trueti local council
700 26.84 1 0 0
TOTAL BT 5
119245 5429.64 1848 43040.2 2402.8
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE Iai 650000 7560 7980 25758.8 5151.7
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE
Belceti
1032 126 4.68 31 6.2
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE
Hrlu
5500 162 42 151 33.22
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE Podu
Iloaiei
2210 155 24 320.8 64
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE
Rducneni
406 108 9.12 52.05 10.41
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE
Trgu Frumos
5557 277 143 1760 274
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE
ibneti
720 94 2.9 60.75 12.15
IS
RAJAC IASI - SE
Vldeni
950 90 2.43 59.57 11.9
IS
DAC PASCANI,
DIRECTIA APA
CANAL-SE Pacani
26131 1475 576 12045 2409
IS
Hluceti local council na na na na na
TOTAL 10
650000 7560 7980 25758.8 5151.7
NT SC APA SERV SA
Piatra Neam
78000 2016 628 58241 2041
NT SC ACVA SERV SRL
Roman 62900 2808 2808 6810 420
NT SC ACVATERM SA
Trgu Neam 8034 455 94 1170 117
NT SC ACVA SA Bicaz
5124 257 41.6 1200 33
NT SC DURU SA Duru
200 20.83 12 10 5
NT SE UM 02275
Baltatesti
na na na na na
TOTAL NT 6
154258 5556.83 3583.6 67431 2616
SV SC ACET SA Suceava-
SE Suceava 86650 6732 2932 215700 4792
SE Vatra Dornei
11000 288 175.89 3466 104
SE Gura Humorului
9551 288 207 2850 90
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82
SE Flticeni
23730 756 195 7933 280
SE Siret
6631 324 180 3500 70
SV Cmpulung
Moldovenesc local
council
6600 684 255.9 4700 100
SV Rdui local council
3300 630 420 16673.5 250
TOTAL 7
147462 9702 4365.79 254823 5686
VS SC GOSCOM VASLUI
SA
43820 2160 534 30,882 1722
VS Regia Autonoma de
Gospodarire Comunala
si Locativa Barlad
1073 720 26900 1580
VS SC GOSCOMLOC SA
HUSI 13213 317 126 624 12.5
VS Negresti city hall-public
service for service
performing
3645 151.2 54 195 78
VS Murgeni city hall
na na na na na
TOTAL VS 5 60678 3701.2 1434 58601.13 3392.5

TOTAL
Region 1
NE
44 1.572.621 49.184,02 28.240,99 1.349058 57191.5

In 2005 a quantity of 57.191 t was generated. In the future, there will be a development
of water and sewage infrastructure, which will lead to an increase of the municipal
waste water treatment plants, and, implicitly, to an increase of the quantity of sludge
that will be generated.
Recovery ways
Agricultural use
The precondition to utilise sludge as fertilizer in agriculture is that its components do not
affect the soil in a negative way.
This is a continuously control of sludge and soil. The sludge from water treatment plants
has a water content of 97%. By centrifugal action or filtration the water content can be
diminished to 70-80%. The dehydration process is a pre-condition for an economical
transport and a possible landfilling / elimination..
Requirements for agricultural reuse suppose a dryness level of at least 90%, to ensure
the fact that the sludge does not ferment and can be stored in silos until reuse.
Energetic recovery
All kinds of energetic recovery like: co-incineration in cement factories, fuel combustion
or incineration on fluid beds requires a sufficient caloric power of the sludge.
This means the installation of a drying process separately or in combination with an
incinerator. Co-incineration in a cement factory requires a sufficient caloric power.
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6. ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVES

6.1 Brief Description of Potential Technical Alternatives

Waste collection
In Master Plans for Integrated Waste Management Systems from this Region there are
presented the following techniques for household waste collection:
Collection door to door. This option proposes collection of the waste from
individual households and from apartments. The system is based either on
collection bags, or on collection recipients. The benefits of this system include:
(i) inhabitants convenience; (ii) the willingness of the inhabitants to assume the
responsibility of waste storage before their collection. The main disadvantage is
that this system requires higher prices than that based on euro containers.
Euro containers of 80, 120 or 240 liters in the neighborhood of the households.
This option assumes the use of euro containers with wheels for waste
collection. The benefits of this option are: (i) less worn out of euro containers;
(ii) adequate operating of the euro containers; (iii) improved convenience of the
inhabitants.
Wheel containers of 1100 liters. This system allows storage for a higher waste
volume. This system is often used in Eastern Europe and it is referred by most
of the private operators. The benefits include the containers resistance and a
relative convenience for the inhabitants. These containers are less
maneuverable than euro containers.
Small compacting cars in the vicinity of apartments. In this system small
compacting cars are emptied in collection vehicles, allowing storage of large
waste volume.
Small compacting cars for transfer. In this system, the waste from small
compacting cars is transferred into collection vehicles. This system is mostly
used in Eastern Europe. The system do not encourages efficiency and the
quality of service.
Collection using trailer vehicles. Tractors with trailer are a practical option for
rural areas. The system has the advantage of penetrating into low condition
roads, easy maintenance and repairs. The system is more costly than that using
horse wagon.
Selective collection of recyclable waste (including packaging waste) can be realized
individually, through points or centers for collection. Individual collection can be
achieved either in one fraction, or by material type, except for paper and cardboard.
Paper and cardboard, because of the high recycling targets and of quality requirements
of the recycling plants, will be collected separately.
The details for waste collection will be established though feasibility studies.
Transfer stations
Transfer stations are designated places in which the wastes are collected and then
transferred in other vehicles. In this way the transport cost is reduced and also the need
for more landfills, which is also very costly. Generally, the transfer stations are built for
distances more than 60 km and annual volume of waste of more than 10,000 tones. To
be economically feasible, the transfer stations should generate transport savings more
than operating costs.
In addition, transfer stations should serve as collection points for some specific waste
streams: packaging waste, green waste, bulky waste, WEEE, hazardous waste from
households etc.
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Packaging waste sorting for recycling
The goal of a sorting facility is the separation of some fraction that can be material
recovered from the mixture of municipal and commercial waste. The main sorted
materials are: paper, plastic, glass, wood and metals. The sorting facilities for packaging
waste collected in one fraction (plastic, glass, metals) are more complex than paper
sorting facilities.
As a result of the sorting process there are:
Waste that are material recovered about 60 %;
Waste that are energy recovered about 15 %;
Residues from sorting, which must be disposed of about 25 %.

Alternatives Technologies for Biodegradable Waste Treatment
Centralized composting
Biodegradable waste is composted with the objective of returning the waste to the plant
production cycle as fertilizer and soil improver. The variety of composting technologies
is extensive as composting can be carried out in private gardens as well as in
advanced, highly technological centralized plants. The control of compost processing is
based on the homogenization and mixing of the waste followed by aeration and often
irrigation. This leads to a stabilized dark media, rich in humic substances and nutrients.
Central solutions are exemplified by low cost composting without forced aeration and
technologically more advanced systems with forced aeration and temperature feedback.
Central composting plants are capable of handling more than 100 000 tonnes of
biodegradable waste per year, but typically the plant size is about 10 000 to 30 000
tonnes per year. Biodegradable wastes must be separated prior to composting: only
pure food waste, garden waste, wood chips and, to some extent paper, are suitable for
producing good quality compost.
The composting plants consist of some or all of the following technical units: bag
openers, magnetic and/or ballistic separators, screeners (sieves), shredders, mixing
and homogenisation equipment, turning equipment, irrigation systems, aeration
systems, draining systems, bio-filters, scrubbers, control- and steering systems.
The composting process occurs when biodegradable waste is piled together with a
structure allowing oxygen-diffusion and with a dry matter content suiting microbial
growth. The temperature of the biomass increases due to the microbial activity and the
insulation properties of the piled material. The temperature often reaches 6575C
within a few days and then declines slowly. This high temperature furthers the
elimination of pathogens and weed seeds.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
Possible simple, durable and cheap technology (except some in-vessel
facilities);
Approximately 4050 % of mass (weight) is recovered for plant growth;
Maximum recovery of the nutrients required for low-input farming systems
(i.e., P, K, Mg and micronutrients). Liming effect of compost;
Production of humic substances, beneficial micro-organisms, and slow-
release nitrogen required for landscape gardening and horticulture;
Eliminates weeds and pathogens in the waste material;
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85
Possible good opportunities of process control (except at most facilities
without forced aeration);
Good working environment can be achieved (e.g. pressurised operating
cabins with filters).
Disadvantages
Requires source separation of BMW, including continuous information to
waste generators;
a market for the compost products must be developed and maintained;
periodical emission of odorous compounds, especially when treating BMW;
loss of 2040 % of nitrogen as ammonia, loss of 4060 % of carbon as
carbon dioxide;
potential vector-problems (seagulls, rats, flies) when treating BMW;
skilled staff needed when treating BMW.

Individual composting
From composting process one product is resulting, the compost which ensure the
improvement of the soil structure. Rural area inhabitants have to be encouraged to
compost their own biodegradable waste. Because, in this area the majority of the
generated waste is of organic nature, individual composting is the most recommended
option.
The main technical option for individual composting is pile composting or container
composting.
Anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion is a biological treatment method that can be used to recover both
nutrients and energy contained in biodegradable municipal waste. In addition, the solid
residues generated during the process are stabilised. The process generates gases
with a high content of methane (5570 %), a liquid fraction with a high nutrient content
(not in all cases) and a fiber fraction.
Waste can be separated into liquid and fiber fractions prior to digestion, with the liquid
fraction directed to an anaerobic filter with shorter retention time than that required for
treating raw waste. Separation can also be conducted following digestion of the raw
waste so that the fiber fraction can be recovered for use, for example as a soil
conditioner. The fiber fraction tends to be small in volume but rich in phosphorus, which
is a valuable and scarce resource at global level.
Separate digestion, dry method
With separate digestion, dry method, the organic waste is first tipped into a shredder to
reduce the particle size. The waste is sieved and mixed with water before entering the
digester tanks (35 % dry matter content). The digestion process is carried out at
temperatures of 2555 C resulting in the production of biogas and a biomass. The gas
is purified and used in a gas engine. The biomass is de-watered and hereby separated
into 40 % water and 60 % fiber and reject (having 60 % dry matter). The reject fraction
which is disposed at, for example, a landfill. The wastewater produced is recycled to the
mixing tank ahead of the digester.
Separate digestion, wet method
With separate digestion, wet method, the organic waste is tipped into a tank, where it is
transformed into a pulp (12 % dry matter). The pulp is first exposed to a hygienic
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process (70 C, pH 10) before being de-watered. The de-watered pulp is then
hydrolysed at 40 C before being de-watered once again.
The liquid from the second de-watering step is directed to a bio-filter where the
digestion is carried out resulting in biogas and wastewater. This water is reused in the
pulp or, for example, may be used as a liquid fertiliser. The fiber fraction from the
second de-watering is separated into compost and reject fractions to be disposed of at,
for instance, landfill. The compost usually requires further processing prior to sale. The
biogas is purified and utilised in a gas engine resulting in the production of electricity,
heat and flue gas. Some of the heat can be used to ensure stable temperatures during
the hydrolysis and the bio-filter processes.
In this process, one tonne of household waste will generate 160 kg biogas (150 Nm3),
340 kg liquid, 300 kg compost fraction and 200 kg residuals (including 100 kg inert
waste). According to analyses it is found that 1030 % of the nutrient content (tot-N, tot-
P and tot-K) remains in the compost fraction.
Co-digestion, wet method
With co-digestion, wet method, organic waste is shredded and screened before further
treatment. The shredded waste is then mixed with either sewage sludge or manure from
farms, at a ratio of 1:34. The mixed biomass is first exposed to a hygienic process
(70C) before being fed to the digestion phase, which is conducted at temperatures of
35-55 C. The process generates biogas and a liquid biomass, which is stored before
being used as a liquid soil fertiliser. The biogas is purified and utilised in a gas engine
resulting in the production of electricity, heat and flue gas. Some of the heat can be
used to ensure stable temperatures during the hygienic and the digestion phases.
One tonne of household waste will generate 160 kg biogas (150 Nm3), 640 kg liquid
fertiliser, 0 kg compost fraction and 200 kg residuals (including 100 kg inert waste).
According to analyses it is found that 7090 % of the nutrient content (tot-N, tot-P and
tot-K) remains in the liquid fertiliser fraction. Thus it is possible to achieve very high
recovery and utilisation of the nutrients. However it should be emphasised that liquid
fertilisers, produced from sewage sludge, are much more difficult to sell than liquid
fertilisers produced from manure.
The mentioned advantages and disadvantages are accountable for all anaerobic
treatment methods.
Advantages
Almost 100 % recovery of nutrients from the organic matter (nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium) if the digested material is ploughed down
immediately after spreading on the fields
Production of a hygienic fertiliser product, without risk of spreading plant and
animal diseases. The nitrogen is more accessible for the plants after
digestion
Reduction of odor, when spreading on the fields compared with spreading of
non-digested material
CO neutral energy production in the form of electricity and heat
Substitution of commercial fertiliser.
Disadvantages
Requirements for source separation of waste
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87
The fibres require additional composting if intended for use in horticulture or
gardening
A market for the liquid fertiliser must be developed before establishment of
the treatment method, unless the liquid has a very low nutrient content and
thereby can be discharged to the public sewer
Methane emissions from the plant and non-combusted methane in the flue
gasses (14 %) will contribute negatively to the global warming index.
Incineration
Incineration reduces the amount of organic waste in municipal waste to about 5 % of its
original volume and sterilises the hazardous components, while at the same time
generating thermal energy that can be recovered as heat (hot water/steam) or electric
power or combinations of these. The incineration process also results in residual
products, as well as products from cleaning of the flue gas, which has to be deposited at
a controlled disposal site such as a landfill or a mine. Sometimes wastewater is
produced. Nutrients and organic matter are not recovered.
Advantages
Well-known process installed worldwide, with high availability and stable
running conditions (this bullet counts for grate incineration only)
Energy recovery with high efficiency of up to 85 % can be achieved, if
generating combined heat and power or heat only
All municipal solid waste as well as some industrial wastes can be disposed
of unsorted via this process
The volume of the waste is reduced to 510 %, which primarily consists of
clinker that can be recycled as a gravel material for road building if sorted
and washed;
The clinker and other residues are sterile
CO neutral energy production, substituting combustion of fossil fuels.
Disadvantages
Extensive investments
Extensive flue gas cleaning system
Generation of fly ash and flue gas cleaning products, which have to be
deposited at a controlled landfill (amounts to approximately 25 % by weight
of the incoming waste)
Generation of NOx and other gases as well as particles.

Pyrolysis and gasification
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is a thermal pre-treatment method, which can be applied in order to transform
organic waste to a medium calorific gas, liquid and a char fraction aimed at separating
or binding chemical compounds in order to reduce emissions and leaching to the
environment. Pyrolysis can be a self-standing treatment, but is mostly followed by a
combustion step and, in some cases, extraction of pyrolytic oil (liquefaction).
Waste is tipped into a silo where a crane mixes the incoming material and moves the
material to a shredder and from here to another silo. The mixed waste is then fed into a
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gas tight hopper arrangement, screw- or piston feeder. The coarsely shredded waste
now enters a reactor normally an external heated rotary drum operated under
atmospheric pressure. In the absence of oxygen the waste is dried and hereafter
transformed at 500700 C by thermochemical conversion i.e., destructive distillation,
thermo-cracking and condensation into hydrocarbons (gas and oils/tar) and solid
residue (char/pyrolysis coke) containing carbon, ash, glass and non-oxidised metals.
If the process temperature is 500 C or below, the process is sometimes called
thermolysis. The retention time of the waste in the reactor is typically 0.5-1 hour. The
>300 C hot product gas is normally led to a boiler plant, where the energy content is
utilised for steam or hot water production. The raw product gas is not suitable for
operation of an internal combustion engine due to the high content of tar in the gas
phase, which will condense when the gas is cooled before entering the gas engine.
Thermo-cracking of the tars in the gas followed by gas cleaning may solve the cleaning
need.
Gasification
Gasification is a thermal treatment method, which can be applied to transform organic
waste to a low calorific gas, recyclable products and residues. Gasification is normally
followed by combustion of the produced gasses in a furnace and in internal combustion
engines or in single gas turbines after comprehensive cleaning of the product gas.
Coarsely-shredded, sometimes pyrolysed waste enters a gasifier, where the
carbonaceous material reacts with a gasifying agent, which may be air, O2, H2O in the
form of steam, or CO2. The process takes place typically at 8001 100 C (oxygen
blown entrained flow gasification may reach 1 4002000 C) depending on the calorific
value and includes a number of chemical reactions to form combustible gas with traces
of tar. Ash is often vitrified and separated as solid residue.
The main difference between the pyrolysis and gasification is that by gasification the
fixed carbon is also gasified. Gasification plants may be designed as 1- or 2-step
processes. The gasifier itself may be either up flow, down flow and entrained flow fixed
bed type or for big plants also bubbling or circulating fluid bed types, atmospheric or
pressurised when combined with gas-turbines. Sometimes the first step is a drying unit,
in other cases a pyrolysis unit. Both pyrolysis and gasification units may be installed in
front of coal fired boilers of power plants, which enable co-firing with a very high power-
to-heat ratio.
Advantages of pyrolysis
Better retention of heavy metals in the char than in ash from combustion. (at
600C process temperature the retention is as follows: 100 % chromium, 95 %
copper, 92 % lead, 89 % zinc, 87 % nickel and 70 % cadmium)
Low leaching of heavy metals from deposition of the solid fraction chromium and
reduced to 20 % for cadmium and nickel
Production of gas with a LCV (low calorific value) of 8 MJ/kg (1012 MJ/Nm3),
which can be combusted in a compact combustion chamber with short retention
time and very low emissions
CO neutral energy production substituting combustion of fossil fuels
Less quantity of flue gas than from conventional incineration
Hydrochloric acid can be retained in or distilled from the solid residue
No formation of dioxins and furans
The process is well suited to difficult waste fractions
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89
Production of sterile clinker and other residues.
Disadvantages of pyrolysis
Waste must be shredded or sorted before entering the pyrolysis unit to prevent
blockage of the feed and transport systems
Pyrolytic oils/tars contain toxic and carcinogenic compounds, which normally will
be decomposed through the process
The solid residue contains about 2030 % of the calorific value of the primary
fuel (MSW), which however can be utilized in a following combustion zone
(incineration/gasification plant)
Relative high cost
Back-up fuel supply is required at least during start-up.
Advantages of gasification
High degree of recovery and good use of the waste as an energy resource
(energy recovery with high efficiency of up to 85 % can be achieved, if generating
combined heat and power or heat only, electricity gain of 2535 % is possible)
CO2 neutral energy production, substituting combustion of fossil fuels
Better retention of heavy metals in the ash compared to other combustion
processes especially for chromium, copper and nickel
Low leaching of heavy metals from deposits of the (vitrified) solid fraction
particularly for chromium and also reduced for cadmium and nickel,
Production of sterile clinker and other residues
Production of gas with a LCV (low calorific value) of 5 MJ/Nm3 (air blown) or 10
MJ/Nm
3
(oxygen-blown) which can be combusted in a compact combustion
chamber with a short retention time resulting in very low emissions (alternatively
it can be cleaned for tar particles and used in a lean-burn internal combustion
engine);
Less quantity of flue gas than that from conventional incineration
Gas cleaning systems can remove dust, PAH, hydrochloric acid, HF, SO2 etc.,
from the produced gas resulting in low emissions
The process is well suited to contaminated wood.
Disadvantages of gasification
Waste must be shredded or sorted before entering the gasifier unit to prevent
blockage of the feed and transport systems;
The gas contains traces of tars containing toxic and carcinogenic compounds
which may contaminate the quench water resulting in the need to re-circulate
washing water or treat as chemical waste;
Complicated gas clean-up for motor use;
The combustion of product gas generates NOx;
The solid residue may contain some unprocessed carbon in the ash;
High cost;
Only very few non prototype-like plants are available on the market.
Bio-Mechanical Treatment
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90
Together with waste incineration, bio-mechanical treatment represents an important
technique in municipal waste management.
In bio-mechanical treatment facilities non-sorted municipal waste are treated, through a
combination of mechanical and biological processes. In this process the wastes that are
material and energy recovered are mechanically separated and, in the end, the other
wastes are treated biologically, making them inert. These biologically inert wastes, that
represent about 40% of the total input, are disposed of.

Figure 6-1 Simplified circuit of a bio-mechanical treatment facility
Lanfilling
Building up, location and technical requirements for the construction of sanitary landfills
are technically described in the Directive regarding waste landfilling. Essentially, a
sanitary landfill represent a location that ensure an adequate environmental and health
protection for disposing of solid municipal wastes. One sanitary landfill is equipped,
usually, with:
A buffer zone;
A good and easily accessible road for the trucks;
A guard cabin for keeping the registers and control;
A weighbridge;
A laboratory for waste analysis;

Municip
al waste
Recepti
on
Mechan
ic
Organic
fraction
Exploitab
le
High
caloric
Thermal
treatment
Energy
Tratare
biologi
Material
recovery
Aerobic
digestio
Thermal
treatment
Energy
recovery
Lanfilling
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91
Waterproof membrane (geomembrane and geotextile) to ensure hydro-
insulation and taking over of the mechanically loads;
A monitoring system;
Leachate collection and treatment facility;
Special cells in which the wastes are deposited (daily);
Landfill gas collection and disposing facility (sometimes collected to generate
power).

Special activities carried out in a sanitary landfill include:
Recording of waste quantities;
Severe control regarding allowed and not allowed wastes;
Daily covering of the wastes;
Compaction of the covered surfaces;
Assurance of the covering and closure;
Ground water control;
Periodical monitoring during exploitation and post-closure monitoring.

Overview of technologies for the treatment of BMW
In the following table it is shown an overview of technologies for the treatment of
biodegradable municipal waste: composting, anaerobic digestion, incineration, pyrolysis
and gasification.
Biological method Thermal method

Compost Anaerobic Digestion Incineration Pyrolysis Gasification
Proven technology,
track record
Yes; Very common Yes; common Yes; very common Partly; few Partly; few
Basic principle Degradation by
aerobic
microorganisms
Degradation by
anaerobic
microorganisms
Combustion Anaerobic
thermochemical
conversion
Thermo-
chemical
conversion
Cost of treatment Low to high Medium to high Medium to high Medium to high High to very high
Suitability Good Good Good Medium Depending on
Technology
Waste acceptance Source separated
waste only since
matter and nutrients
is to be recovered
as pure as possible
Source separated wet
waste only since
matter and nutrients is
to be recovered as
pure as possible
All waste since air
cleaning
technology is good
and residual solids
are minimised by
volume reduction
In particular suitable
for contaminated,
well defined dry
waste fractions
Source
separated dry
waste only
unless combined
with better
cleaning
technology
Acceptance of wet
household Waste
Yes Yes Yes Possible but
normally no
Possible but
normally no
Acceptance of dry
household Waste
Yes Yes Yes Yes Possible
Acceptance of
garden and park
waste
Yes No Yes Yes Possible
Acceptance of waste
from hotels and
restaurants
Yes Yes Yes Yes Possible but
normally no
Acceptance of paper
and board
Small amounts of
paper possible
No Yes Yes Possible
Excluded waste
Fractions
Metal, plastic, glass,
plants without high
degree of sanitary
treatment: no waste
of animal origin)
Metal, plastic glass,
garden waste, (plants
without high degree of
sanitary treatment: no
waste of animal origin)
None Wet household
Waste
Wet household
Waste
Availability of
environmental data

Solids High Medium high Medium high Medium Medium
Air Low Medium Medium high Medium Medium high
Water Medium high High High Medium high Medium high
Control of odour Bad good Bad good good Medium good good
Working
environment
Bad good Medium good good good good
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92
Biological method Thermal method

Compost Anaerobic Digestion Incineration Pyrolysis Gasification

Energy recovery No Yes;
3 200
MJ/ tonne waste
Yes;
2 700
MJ/tonnes waste
Yes;
approx. 70 % of
incineration +
energy contained in
the by-product char
Yes;
as incineration
Carbon cycle ( % of
weight)
50 % in compost
50 % to air
75 % in fibres/liquids
25 % as biogas
1 % in solids
99 % to air
2030 % in solids
7080 % to air
2 % in solids
98 % to air
Nutrient recovery (kg
nutrient/tonne waste
input)
Yes;
2.510 kg N
0.51 kg P
12 kg K
Yes;
4.04.5 kg N
0.51 kg P
2.53 kg K
No No No
Products for
recycling or
recovery, (weight- %
of waste input)
40-50 % compost 30 % fibres,
5065 % fluids
1525 % bottom
ash (incl. clinker
grit, glass),
3 % metal
3050 % char (incl.
bottom ash, clinker,
grit, glass),
3 % metal
1525 % vitrified
bottom ash (incl.
clinker grit,
glass).
3 % metal
Residuals for other
waste treatment or
for land filling
(weight- % of waste
input)
220 % overflow
sieving (plastic,
metal, glass, stones)
220 % overflow
sieving (plastic, metal,
glass, stones)
3 % fly ash (incl.
flue gas residues)
23 % flue gas
residues
2 % gas
cleaning
residues

Source: Biodegradable municipal waste management in Europe, January 2002

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7. CALCULATION OF NEEDED CAPACITY FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
7.1 Projects concerning waste management

During the period of elaborating the RWMP there have been identified the existing
projects, at regional level concerning waste management, which can be grouped in 3
categories:
PHARE CES projects are already approved and are to be implemented in 2007-
2008 11 projects;
Integrated waste management systems at county level which are to be financed
through structural funds (Botosani,Suceava, Vaslui county) or through governmental
funds (Iasi county);
Other type of projects.
7-1: List of proposed projects for Region 1
Beneficiary Name of the project Financing
Bacau county
Bacau Local Council Integrated waste management in
Bacau Municipality and surrounding
areas located in Bacau County
ISPA approved
Tg. Ocna Local Council Selective collection and transport of
waste in the touristic area Tirgu
Ocna, Botosani county
Financing scheme Phare
CES 2004
Moineti Local Council System of selective collection,
recovery centre and optimization of
waste transport in Moinesti
municipality and neighbouring
communes
CES 2004
Comanesti Local
Council
System of selective collection and
recycling of household waste
through Comanesti transfer station
CES 2004
Botosani county
Botosani County
Council in association
with all the local
councils in the county.
Project proposal Integrated
household waste management and
the fitting out of a controlled landfill
ISPA 2005 programme
Dorohoi Local Council Sustainable waste management
system in Dorohoi area
CES 2004
Iasi county
Iasi Local Council Integrated waste management in
Iasi county
75% governmental grant
approved by GD
537/2006)
Neamt county
Borca municipal council The use of sawdust from Borca area
Neam County Council The use of wood waste to generate
thermal energy (Wood waste to
energy)

Taca local council Selective collection system and
transfer station of waste from Valea
Bicazului touristic area
CES 2004
Suceava county
December 19
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94
Suceava County
Council
Setting up two sanitary (ecological)
landfills, one in Suceava and one in
C-lung Mold., with the necessary
infrastructure on the entire county
territory, including the organization
of collection, transport and recovery
of household waste
Cohesion funds (ISPA 2)
Cornu Luncii Local
Council
Implementing the collection and
transport of household waste
system in Cornu Luncii, Baia,
Boroaia, Forasti and Malin
communes, from Suceava county
CES 2004
Gura Humorului Local
Council
Selective collection system and the
fitting up of a transfer station for
waste, in Gura Humorului
municipality area
CES 2004
Radauti Local Council The rehabilitation of the collection
and transport system and the setting
up of a mechanical waste treatment
station in Radauti municipality.
CES 2004
Vatra Dornei Local
Council
The rehabilitation of the collection
and transport system and the setting
up of a transfer station for
household waste in Vatra Dornei.
CES 2004

SC Mondeco SRL Incinerator for hazardous waste with
a designed capacity of 10.800
tonnes
Environmental Fund
approved project
Stefan cel Mare
Suceava University
Ensemble of measures concerning
the education and awareness of
Suceava municipality population
regarding the necessity of sorting
and recycling waste- the basic
elements for environmental
protection.
Environment Fund-
approved project

Vaslui county
Vaslui County Council in
association with the
local council of Vaslui,
Barlad and Husi
Regional municipal waste
management in Vaslui county,
Vaslui Barlad area
Structural funds
(ISPA 2)
Negreti Local Council Selective collection and recovery of
recyclable waste system in Negresti
area, Vaslui county
CES 2004
Husi Local Council Development of household waste
selective collection system in Husi
municipality
CES 2004

December 19
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95
7.2 Collection and transport
Selective collection of packaging waste
To calculate the collection and transport equipments there have been taken into
consideration that the most important restraints are those imposed by the targets set out
according to the GD 621/2005 regarding packaging waste.
For establishing the population that has to collect selectively in order to reach the targets
the following have been considered:
The total necessary quantities to be recovered/recycled in order to reach the
targets;
The distribution among the industrial/commercial sector and population of the
generated quantities for each type of packaging material (tables 4.10 and 4.12,
chapter 4) ;
The legal obligation of the economic operators (industry, commerce, institutions)
to ensure recycling/recovery of the entire quantity of generated packaging waste
(art 20 of GD 621/2005 regarding the management of packaging and packaging
waste). In the calculation it has been considered that for paper and cardboard,
plastic, glass and metals 95% of the generated quantity is given for recycling. For
wood, it has been considered that is given for recycling: for 2003-2009 10% of
the generated quantity; for 2010-12%, for 2011- 15%, for 2012 20%, for 2013
30%. The remaining until 95% is considered to be energetically valorised;
The difference until the necessary quantity needed to reach the targets will be
collected selectively from the population;
The collection of paper and cardboard waste from the population will be done
separately (individually, through collection points or through collection centers) in
order to ensure the minimum quality demands imposed by the recyclers. The rest
of the recyclable materials (plastic, glass, metal) are collected undifferentiated,
but separately from the humid fraction, leaving it up to every community to
establish the method of collection (in bags, bins or collection points, on type of
material or mixed with an ulterior sorting).
The determination of the area covered by selective collection has been done as follows:
until 2008:
o for selective collection of paper and cardboard - the number of population
was determined considering the recycling targets in the implementation
plan;
o for the remaining types of material the number of population that has to
collect selectively is set as a maximum value of the population that
ensures the fulfillment of targets for each material, this material resulted
to be plastic;
after 2008 because the annual growth of the global objective is bigger than the
growth of minimum targets per material, is imposed a bigger growth of the
coverage area for selective collection, as follows:
o for selective collection of paper and cardboard an annual growth with
15% of the population that has to collect selectively;
o for the remaining types of material it has been followed a
homogenization in stages of the selective collection for all types of
material (the people that collect selectively paper to participate in the
selective collection of all other fractions).
December 19
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96
International experience shows that the rate of recovery of the collected quantities is
never 100%. The recovery rate represents the report between the collected quantity in
order to be recycled and the generated one per inhabitant. Because of this, for the
calculation of the real population that has to collect separately by 2008, the recovery
rate is 0.6, for 2009-2010 the recovery rate is 0.62 and for 2011-2013 is 0.67.

Table 7-2: Population involved in selective collection of recyclable materials

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Ideal population that has to
collect selectively paper and
cardboard
611.760 928.829 1.068.153
1.228.37
6
1.412.63
3
1.624.528
1.868.20
7
Ideal population that has to
collect selectively plastic,
glass, metal
274.788 312.374 349.777 444.052 682.609 1.039.524
1.395.02
9
Real population that has to
collect selectively paper and
cardboard
1.039.992 1.569.721 1.815.860
2.088.23
9
2.118.94
9
2.436.792
2.428.66
9
Real population that has to
collect selectively plastic,
glass, metal
467.139 531.035 594.620 754.888
1.023.91
3
1.559.286
1.799.58
7

In 2008, the necessary population to be involved in selective collection of paper and
cardboard waste is about 40% of the total population of the region. Thus, the target for
paper, in 2008, can be reached if the entire population in urban area collects
differentiated. In concerns of the population involved in the selective collection of plastic,
glass and metal, this represents approximately 14% of the total population of the region.
In 2011, for the selective collection of paper and cardboard waste a target is not
specified, but, in order to reach the total recycling target, the collection of paper must
grow progressively with 15% in regards to 2008. In concerns of the population that has
to collect selectively the plastic, glass and metal waste, it has to grow with 2% in regards
to the population in 2008. Thus, the necessary population to be involved in the selective
collection of paper and cardboard is 60% of the total population of the region.
In 2013, to reach the total recycling target, in the selective collection process there has
to be involved the population in the rural area. The necessary population to be involved
in selective collection of paper and cardboard is about 70 % of the total population of the
region respectively 40 % for selective collection of plastic, glass and metal waste.
If we assume that these waste will be collected in 4 fractions, meaning paper, glass,
plastic/metal and humid fraction, in the following table is presented the quantity of waste
selectively collected.

December 19
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97
Table 7-3: Quantities of collected waste in 4 fractions kt/year

To determine the number of necessary containers for the selective collection of glass it
was considered the number of lifts per year, respectively 26 (2 lifts/month) and the type
of containers (bell type with a capacity of 3 tonnes). These containers will be placed near
the main commercial centers and/or other selected places.
The quantity of paper and cardboard waste separately collected contains, besides paper
packaging other paper waste, other than packaging and impurities. So, in order to
determine the numbers of containers it was considered the number of lifts per year to be
of 52 (1 lift/week) and containers of 1100 l with a capacity of 0.3 t.
To determine the number of containers needed for the selective collection of paper it
was considered a number of 52 lifts per year and containers of 1100 l with a capacity of
0.1 t.
In regards of the estimation of the number of containers needed to collect humid fraction,
the following were considered:
population in urban area that lives in apartments buildings, respectively in
houses;
population in urban area serviced by sanitation services;
the number of lifts per year, respectively 104 for the population that lives in
blocks of flats and 52 for the people that live in houses;
the type of containers, respectively 1100 l containers for population that lives in
flats and 120 l for those that live at houses.
The types of bins/containers for pre-collection may differ, according to the local choice.
The only request that has to be fulfilled is that the containers must fit with the lifting
system/the equipment of the collection vehicles.
Because of the separate collection system, the widely spread chute will be replaced by
collection points set between the blocks of flats. For residential areas, besides the
traditional brown bins of waste bags there will be organized collection points with bins for
dry fractions by adding special containers for recyclable waste.
Selective collection of biodegradable waste
In order to reach the targets concerning municipal biodegradable waste, the following
measures will be taken:
2008 2010 2013
Dry fractions Dry fractions Dry fractions
Paper Glass
Plastic/
Metal
Humid
fraction Paper Glass
Plastic/
Metal
Humid
fraction Paper Glass
Plastic/
Metal
Humid
fraction
Urban
selectiv
e
52.1 2.7 32,1 124,1 55,6 9 44,2 182 60 18,7 82 387,3
Rural
selectiv
e
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urban
mixed
261,5 216,1 0 0 0 0
Househ
old
waste
Rural
mixed
192,8 278,1 335,8
Waste similar to
household
36,8 19,6 18,6 79,4 42,1 22 20,9 73,1 56,1 25,5 24,2 56,1
TOTAL 89 22,4 50,7 657,9 97,7 31,1 65,1 255,2 116,1 44,2 106,2 443,5
December 19
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98
Separate collection of green waste from parks, gardens and markets, in order to
compost them;
Separate collection of organic waste from restaurants, cafeterias, supermarkets
in order to compost them or to use them as animal food;
Promote individual composting in households and/or on platforms in rural area.
Selective collection of biodegradable waste in urban area.
Some of the methods of reducing biodegradable waste have the same approach as the
recovery of packaging waste. In sorting stations, not only packaging waste is sorted, but
also those that come from other sources. That is way it is considered as a way of
reducing biodegradable waste the reduction of paper, cardboard and wood content from
the household and similar to household waste. This method does not need any extra
capacities for pre-collection and transport from those considered for recycling or sorting
of waste.
7.3 Treatment and recovery
Treatment and recovery of packaging waste
Knowing the population that has to collect selectively in order to reach the targets
concerning packaging waste and considering the legal obligation of the economic
operators (industry, commerce, institutions) to ensure recycling/recovery of the entire
generated quantity of packaging waste, the quantity of packaging waste that has to be
collected for recycling has been determined. It was considered that for paper and
cardboard, plastic, glass and metal 95% of the quantity generated by the industry,
commerce and institutions is given for recycling, and in concerns of wood, there will be
recycled a quantity that will ensure the fulfillment of targets, the rest of the quantity
(20.000-30.000 t/year) will be energetically valorized.
Table 7-4: Quantities of packaging waste, collected separately from population,
industry, commerce and institutions for recycling
Quantity (tonnes)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Paper
and
cardboard
26.657 30.056 33.372 36.969 42.611 47.048 51.160 55.847 61.217 67.396
Plastic 3.482 4.469 5.618 7.514 8.844 15.972 23.929 32.675 39.640 47.244
Glass 14.940 16.704 18.671 20.613 22.395 26.712 31.071 35.813 39.855 44.223
Metal 12.130 13.460 14.934 16.255 17.540 19.961 22.270 24.767 26.982 29.362
Wood 2.270 2.500 2.750 2.943 3.149 3.369 4.245 5.572 7.801 12.286
Total 59.482 67.189 75.346 84.294 94.539 113.062 132.676 154.675 175.496 200.511

The recycling capacities estimated to be needed are :
Paper and cardboard - 60.000 t in 2008 - 80.000 t in 2013;
plastic - 12.000 t in 2008 - 50.000 t in 2013;
glass - 25.000 t in 2008 - 47.000 t in 2013;
metal - 20.000 t in 2008 - 32.000 t in 2013 .

The quantities of packaging waste selective collected from the population must be
sorted for recycling. To determine the sorting capacities the following were considered:
December 19
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99
in addition to the packaing waste, also the recyclable waste other than packaging
waste will be selectively collected
out of the total quantity of waste that enters the sorting station, approximately
60% is waste that will be recycled.
Therefore, the minimum needed sorting capacities of recyclable waste collected from
the population at regional level are :
for 2008 minimum 30.000 t/year for paper and cardboard and 40.000 t/year for
the rest of the materials (plastic, metal, glass);
for 2010 minimum 45.000 t/year for paper and cardboard and 85.000 t/year for
the rest of the material (plastic, metal, glass);
for 2013 minimum 80.000 t/year for paper and cardboard and 180.000 t/year
for the rest of the materials (plastic, metal, glass);
The private sector, in accordance with the provisions of art.20 of GD 621/2005
concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste, the economic
operators owners of packaging waste must ensure the recovery. Recycling of that
waste through their own means or by giving them to the authorized economic agents.
Treatment of municipal biodegradable waste
According to the data presented in subchapter 4.4.1, the quantity of municipal
biodegradable waste that has to be diverted from landfill is of 105.532 t in 2010 and of
about 317.022 t in 2013.
A quantity of 100.000 t in 2010, respectively of 120.00 t in 2013 is represented by the
paper, cardboard and wood waste that will be collected selectively for recycling.
The green waste from gardens, parks and markets will be collected selectively and
composted. For these types of waste a quantity of 20.000 t in 2010 and of 25.000 t in
2013 is estimated.
The quantity of biodegradable waste generated in 1995 is much bigger than the one
expected to be generated because it was calculated considering the population
(according to MEWM and NEPA), and region 1 occupies the first position in terms of
population.
Thus, the target for 2010 may be reached only through the recovery/recycling of paper,
cardboard and wood waste. Though, to be in agreement with the European and national
strategy concerning municipal biodegradable waste, and considering that at regional
level there are composting capacities (Piatra Neamt), the following measures are
recommended:
Separate collection and composting of the entire quantity of green waste from
parks, gardens and markets;
Promoting the composting in households and on village platforms;
Selective collection of biodegradable waste from the population so that the
maximum functioning capacity of the existing installations is ensured.
To reach the target for 2013, besides the measures foreseen for 2010 there has to be
ensured the treatment of a quantity of minimum 170.000 t. Treatment may be done by
composting, anaerobic digestion, mechanical-biological treatment etc.

December 19
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100
2010 2013
Quantity of municipal biodegradable waste that has to
be diverted from landfilling (tonnes)
106.000 317.000
Quantity of paper, cardboard and wood selective
collected for recycling (tonnes)
100.000 120.000
Quantity of park, gardens, and market waste selective
collected for composting (tonnes)
20.000 25.000
Quantity of street waste selective collected for
composting (tonnes)
5.000
167.000

7.4 Disposal

At regional level there are 29 non complaint urban landfills, that will cease their activity
according to GD 349/2005 and a compliant landfill in Piatra Neamt, Piatra Neamt
County. The old landfill in Piatra Neamt has ceased depositing in 2005, in accordance
with the legislative regulations concerning environment. In Vaslui County there are 3
landfills that have as a closing date 2006. Two of them have been already ceased the
disposal, the last one being in process of closing, this being done by the end of the year.
In the commitments assumed by Romania, within the negotiation process for the access
in the European Union, 9 compliant landfills are foreseen, as follows: 2 landfills in Bacau
County (Bacau and Onesti municipalities), one landfill in Botosani County ( Botosani
municipality), one landfill in Iasi County (Iasi Municipality), 2 landfills in Neamt County (
Piatra Neamt and Roman municipalities), 2 landfills in Suceava County (Suceava and
Campulung Moldovenesc municipalities), one landfill in Vaslui County ( Vaslui
municipality).
Among the projects identified at regional level, the following landfills are estimated to be
realized:
2 regional landfills in Bacau County 2010, respectively 2013*;
1 regional landfill in Iasi County 2010;
1 regional landfill in Botosani County 2012 - 2013;
2 regional landfills in Suceava County 2012 - 2013;
1 regional landfill in Vaslui County 2012 2013;
*For Bacau County, the ISPA project (Measure 2004 RO/16/P/PE/007 Integrated waste
management in Bacau municipality and surrounding areas located in Bacau County)
contain the following aspects:
The first stage: construction of a compliant landfill in Bacau Municipality, closure
of the existing landfill, rehabilitation of the area as well as closure and
rehabilitation of noncompliant landfills from the 20 neighbouring communes
The second stage of the project is related to the extension of the integrated
waste management at regional level, including the construction of the second
compliant landfill in Onesti Municipality.
The total landfill capacity for the next 5 years, in case of applying all quantity reduction
measures described above and presented in chapter 6, is of 900 m
3
/year.
December 19
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101
In 2013 all urban population is collecting selectively which means that at the landfill will
be deposited waste collected from rural areas, except those collected selectively,
refusal from sorting, composting, or bio-mechanical treatment stations or waste from
public services, like those from the street, gardens/parks cleaning.
Table 7-5: Summary of in landfills in operation for Region 1 North East
Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Non
compliant
landfills
30 30 29 26 26 22 9 8 6 2 2
Ceased
disposal
- - 1 3 - 4 13 1 2 4 -
Compliant
landfills
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 8
Location of
the
compliant
landfills
P.Nea
m
P.Neam P.Nea
m
P.Neam P.Nea
m
P.Nea
m
P.Nea
m
P.
Neam
Bacu
Iai
P.
Neam
Bacu
Iai

P.
Neam
Bacu
Iai

P. Neam
Bacu
Iai
Suceava
Oneti
Roieti-
Vaslui
Suceava
2
Botoani

TOTAL
landfills
under
operation
31 31 30 27 27 23 10 11 9 5 10

Considering the existing situation and the projects identified at regional level, the
following result:
Bacau County:
o There have to be identified financing sources for the stage closure of the 6
non-compliant landfills, except for the landfill that serves Bacau Municipality
that will be closed under ISPA project;
o There have to be identified financing sources for the transfer stations and for
the assurance of waste transport to the complaint landfill in Bacau;
Botosani County:
o There has to be ceased the disposal of waste in Dorohoi landfill in 2009,
those one from Botosani Municipality being foreseen to cease the disposal in
2012;
o Until the implementation of the integrated waste management system there
will be realized the transport of waste to the authorized landfills;
Iasi County:
o There has to be ceased the depositing for 3 landfills in 2009;
o Development of the necessary waste transport infrastructure from the landfills
that will be closed in 2009 to the new sanitary landfill from Iasi that will open
in 2010. Until the opening of the second regional landfill foreseen to be built,
there has to be find a solution for 2012 when the landfill from Targu Frumos
will be closed.

December 19
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102
Neamt County:
o Three landfills will have to be closed, out of which 2 in 2012 and one in 2009.
o In Bicaz area there is foreseen the construction of a transfer station in 2008,
but starting 2009, once with the closure of the landfill from Bicaz there have
to be fond solution for the depositing of those waste.
o Sources for financing have to be identified for the construction of the second
regional compliant landfill foreseen to be build in Roman Locality
Suceava County
o There has to be ceased the depositing for 7 deposits, out of which 3 landfills
in 2008, 1 landfill in 2009, 1 landfill in 2010 and 2 landfills in 2011;
o Buiding up new depositing capacities and transfer stations correlated with the
years of ceasing the activity of the non-complaint landfills.
Vaslui County
o Building up new depositing capacities and transfer stations correlated with
the years of ceasing the activity of the non-compliant landfills.

The preliminary recommendation included in this chapter do not have to be considered
as limitative, WMRP (PRGD) was based on data from 2003. It is expected that new data
and future studies to allow definitive evaluations that will lead to different technical
recommendations.
December 19
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103
Non hazardous waste flow scheme - 2010

D
i
g
e
s
t
e
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t

s
0

t

Household waste and similar from commerce, industry,
institutions 115.000 t, out of which 1.000.000 collected
Mixed colected waste: 750.000 t Separate collected waste: 250.000 t

-

750.000 t

I
Mixed collected waste, rezidual substances from
sorting and treatment
783.000 t
Landfilling
R
e
s
i
d
u
u
e
s

0

R
e
z
i
s
u
u
e
s

0

t

Waste destinated for recycling
separately collecte
230.000 t

B
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

w
a
s
t
e

s
e
p
a
r
a
t
e
l
l
y

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d

Sorting and other treatment
methods
Sorting and other
treatment method
Recycling Composting

B
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

w
a
s
t
e

1
5
.
0
0
0

t

Recyclable waste
180.000 t
Thermal
recovery
R
e
z
i
d
u
u
r
i

c
u

p
u
t
e
r
e

c
a
a
l
o
r
i
c
a

r
i
d
i
c
a
t
a

1
7
.
0
0
0

t

R
e
z
i
d
u
u
r
i

3
3
.
0
0
0

t

R
C
o
m
p
o
s
t

Legend:
MBT Mechano-Biological
Treatment
V Recovery
December 19
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104
Non hazardous waste flow scheme 2013

D
i
g
e
s
t
e
d

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s

1
0
0
.
0
0
0

t

Household waste and similar from commerce, industry,
institutions 1.132.000 t, din care 1.132.000 colectate
Mixed collected waste: 649.000 t Separatelly collected waste: 483.000 t
2
0
0
.
0
0
0

t

-

449.000 t
MBT
Incineration
Mixed collected waste, sorting residues, digested
products from MBT
519.000 t
Landfilling
R
e
s
i
d
u
a
l

s
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

1
0
.
0
0
0

R
e
z
i
s
u
l
a

S
u
b
s
t
a
n
c
e
s

0

t

Recyclable waste
separately collected
386.000 t

B
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

w
a
s
t
e

s
e
p
a
r
a
t
e
l
y

c
o
l
l
e
c
t
e
d

9
7
.
0
0
0

t

Sorting and other treatment
methods
Sorting and other
treatment methd
Recycling Composting

B
i
o
d
e
g
r
a
d
a
b
l
e

w
a
s
t
e

8
0
.
0
0
0

t

Recyclable
144.000 t
Thermal
recovery
W
a
s
t
e

d
e
s
t
i
n
a
t
e
d

f
o
r

t
h
e
r
m
s
l

r
e
c
o
v
e
r
y

3
6
.
0
0
0

t

R
e
s
i
d
u
e
s

6
0
.
0
0
0

t

R
C
o
m
p
o
s
t

Legend:
\\\\mbt Mechanical Biological
Treatment
R valorificare
December 19
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105
8. COST ASSESSMENT
8.1 Costing Assumptions
Investment costs associated with proposed improvements in waste management
services have been derived from a number of sources. Prices are to the greatest extent
possible based on recent project experience within Romania, combined with waste
management expert experience with costing facilities and equipment in connection with
international projects.
It must be stressed that there exists a great amount of uncertainty regarding the precise
level of investment costs associated with proposed investments. At the current, regional
Master Planning, level of analysis, information is not yet available concerning the
specific placement of facility sites (landfills, transfer stations, sorting, composting etc).
Therefore it is not possible to make cost adjustments depending on site conditions
(specific site conditions can have a significant impact on investment costs for especially
landfill investments). Operating costs, especially transport costs, are also greatly
influenced by site locations.
A greater level of certainty with regard to costing will be achieved in subsequent
planning phases in connection with feasibility studies and accompanying conceptual
design and detailed design on the basis of specific sites and identification of specific
facility characteristics.
At the current stage in the planning process, investment costs are based on overall
average costs for various facility or equipment types.
A number of sources providing recent waste sector data in Romania have been
consulted including:
ISPA Financing Memorandums Agreed between the EC and Romania in connection
with waste management investment programmes in Arges, Bacau, Galati,
Dambovita, Piatra Neamt, Teleorman and Ramnicu Valcea;
Waste Management Master plans elaborated in 2005-2006 for Bistrita Nasaud,
Giurgiu, Harghita-Covasna, Maramures and Vrancea
1
provides unit costs for both
investments and O&M across a range of activity areas;
FINAL REPORT, Technical Assistance for the Elaboration of the Environmental
Cost Assessment and Investment Plan, Phare Project RO 0107.15.03, drafted by
Consortium: Eptisa International, Regional Environmental Center, 29 September
2005. Provides unit costs for both investments and O&M across a range of activity
areas.
Additionally, a number of sources providing standard unit costs in connection with
international waste management investment programmes have been consulted,
including:

1
These plans were drafted within Technical Assistance for project preparation in the waste
sector, Romania Europeaid/119085/D/SV/ROMANIA by the Royal Haskoning/ERM and I Group
consortium.
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106
Costs for Municipal Waste Management in the EU, Eunomia research and
consulting on behalf of Ecotec. This report provides price comparisons within waste
management for EU15 countries in 2001 for all phases of the waste management
cycle;
Recycling/sorting and transfer station costs estimates were found in D. Hogg and J
Hummel (2002) The Legislative Driven Economic Framework Promoting Recycling
in the UK;
BMT costs estimates were found in VITO (2001) Vergelijkning van
Verwerkingsscenario Voor Rest fractie van HHA en Nietspecifiiek Categorie II
Bedrijfsafval, Eindrapport.
The above-mentioned Waste Management Master plans elaborated in 2005-2006 for
Bistrita Nasaud, Giurgiu, Harghita-Covasna, Maramures and Vrancea proved a valuable
source in estimating investment costs. This source offers the advantage of providing
very recent, locally applicable unit costs for investments and operating costs. The
Master plans were only just approved in summer of 2006 and unit cost estimates
appear to be accurate enough for regional planning purposes. The Master plans cost
estimates are based on a range of unit costs for a range of waste management
activities - typically costs per person served or costs per ton.
In addition to the above sources, in many cases cost estimates are based on the
internal estimates provided by project Waste Management Experts, based on their
extensive international project experience
The entire range of Investment and Operating & Maintenance unit cost assumptions
utilised can be seen in Annex 5-1.
8.2 Costs of Proposed Regional Investments
Proposed waste management investments are detailed in Chapter 7. Investment Units
within each major category of service (collection, transport, treatment etc) are
summarised and presented in Annex 5-2.
Taking as a reference point the proposed investment programme for the region, and the
aforementioned unit cost guidelines, the following investment costs have been
estimated.
The total programme represents investments of EURO 121.0 million distributed
between 2007 and 2013. This amount does not include previously financed EU
initiatives.
Beyond 2013, annual replacements for containers of approximately Euro 1.4 million will
be necessary.
Table 8-1: Investment Cost Summary for Region 1 (2007-2013)

Comment Units
Unit price
Euro
TOTAL
Euro 000
Collection & Transport Activities
Containers/bins 175.521 28.222
Eurocontainer 1 m3 59.726 400 22.945
Eurocontainer 5 m3 67 2000 134
Bins -120 liter 13.000 40 520
Bins - 240 liter 102.728 45 4.623
Collection Equipment 79 13035
Collect/Compaction
vehicles Various sizes
79 165.000 13.035
Different waste facilities
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Transfer stations
68833 t
capacity
5 500000 1500
Sorting/Treatment
Investment
41 22845
Sorting Plant (s)
267,000 t/ year
capacity, of
which 130,000 t
not yet financed
28 20,48 1024
Composting Area
~135,000 t/
year capacity,
100,000 not yet
financed
18 33,63 4876
MBT
200,000 t
capacity
1 80,00 16.000
Landfill Investment 43.524
Landfill Neamt ISPA financed 9,3 0
Landfill Bacau ISPA financed 9,3 0
Landfill Iasi 200 t year 9,3 16.740
Landfill Botasani 70 t year 9,3 5.859
Landfill Suceava 160 t year 9,3 13.392
Landfill Vaslui 90 t year 9,3 7.533
Landfill Closure 87 hectares 150.000 11.910
TOTAL INVESTMENT
COSTS
121036
Note: The total does not include approved ISPA investments. This is presented
separately below.
Apart from investments estimated above, there are two approved ISPA projects in
Region 1
2
.One project (2001/RO/16/P/PE/014) is Integrated Municipal Waste
Management System in Piatra Neamt, with a value of M14.6 out of which the ISPA
Grant is M10.37. An indicative cost breakdown is provided in table below.
Table 8-2: Indicative cost breakdown for Piatra Neamt ISPA Project (in million
euro)
PROJECT COSTS
Total Of which:non-
eligible For ISPA
Expenditure incurred
before application
Planning/design fees 0 0.25
Land purchase* - -
Site preparation 0.4 0
Main works 4.9 0
Plant and machinery 5.7 0
Technical assistance - 0
Supervision during
implementation
0.5 0
Contingencies 2.4 0
Taxes/public levies 0.7 0. 7 0
Other: - - 0
TOTAL 14. 6 0. 7 0.25

2
ISPA Projects Approved by the Management Committee in June 2006
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108
Source of the data: ISPA Measure No.: 2001 2000/RO/16/P/PE/001., FINANCING
MEMORANDUM agreed between the European Commission and the Republic of
Romania Concerning the grant of assistance from the Instrument for Structural Policies
for Pre-Accession to the following measure PIATRA NEAMT Waste Management
Programme in Romania.
Total cost: 14,575 M
Eligible cost: 13,846 M
Rate of assistance: 74.924%
ISPA assistance: 10,37 M
Another project (2004/RO/16/P/PE/007) is Zonal ecological landfill in BACAU, with a
value of M20.5 out of which the ISPA Grant is M20. An indicative cost breakdown is
provided in table below.
Table 8-3: Indicative cost breakdown for BACAU ISPA Project (1000 )
I TEM:

TOTAL
COSTS
I NELI GI BLE
COSTS
TOTAL ELI GI BLE COSTS
Planning/Design fees 0 0 0
Land purchase 0 0 0
Site preparation 500 0 500
Main works 8760 0 8760
Plant and machinery 5540 0 5540
Technical assistance 2760 0 2760
Supervision and
implementation
850 0 850
Publicity 40 0 40
Contingencies (< 10%) 1500 0 1500
Independent evaluators
(part of TA)
50 0 50
Interest during
construction
500 500 0
TOTALS 20500 500 20000
Source of the data: ISPA Measure No.: 2004/RO/16/P/PE/007., FINANCING MEMORANDUM
agreed between the European Commission and the Republic of Romania Concerning the grant of
assistance from the Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre-Accession to the following measure
Zonal ecological landfill in BACAU in Romania.
8.3 Affordability Implications of Proposed Investments
Waste Management system improvements will have tariff implications for end-users. The
precise impacts upon user tariffs throughout the region must be determined through
feasibility studies for specific projects and investment programmes (with due
consideration for characteristics of specific sites of treatment/landfill facilities and
transfer stations where applicable).
Specific future user tariffs to be applied throughout the region are a function of a number
of factors, including but not limited to the following:
existing cost structures of service providers;
level of existing tariffs applied throughout the region and adequacy of existing
tariffs to fully cover costs (both O&M and investments);
waste characteristics within specific service areas and distribution of waste
generated/collected between households and non-households;
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109
depreciation costs of all existing assets and proposed investments;
annual asset replacement needs (i.e. useful remaining lives of existing assets);
financing structure for new assets and level of existing debt service costs within
the systems;
user payment performance (bad debt levels, and timeliness of user payments);
detailed investment plans (accurate costing of all investment components, based
on specific sites of facilities and fully cost considering foreign/local split,
contingencies, inflation etc);
detailed operating costs taking as a point of reference the existing cost structure
and adjusting for impacts from proposed investments and operational/procedural
changes;
It can be expected that a degree of variation in tariffs will be seen throughout the region
as service providers face varying cost structures (particularly with regard to local
collection activities for which costs will vary depending on collection methods used,
density of population, frequency of collection, transport distances to landfill etc).
It is outside the scope of the current regional plan to assess the specific tariff
consequences of needed waste management investments throughout the region. The
scope of the current analysis is upon identification of over-arching system needs;
detailed assessments of financial feasibility/sustainability and tariff consequences must
be a addressed in subsequent feasibility study analyses involving detailed technical
assessments of systems and facility sites and detailed financial assessments of waste
management companies.
Within the context of the current Regional Plan it is only possible to comment generally
upon tariff implications for the system as a whole.
8.3.1 Macro Affordability
Of principal concern is that waste management systems are able to provide services
that are affordable to, especially, household consumers. While, for the reasons stated
above, it is not possible at this stage of the analysis to determine specifically the tariff
implications for households throughout the regional service area, it is possible to make
a general assessment of overall, macro, affordability levels before and after
implementation of proposed system investments.
The aim of affordability analysis, at this stage of regional master planning, is to
determine the approximate overall threshold tariff that can be supported by the
population.
Affordability is taken to mean the capacity of the users of waste management services
to pay for those services without jeopardizing their ability to meet other basic needs. It is
important to identify users ability to pay in assessing the economic affordability of waste
services (the customers solvency). A solvency indicator is used to gauge whether or
not household income is sufficient to cover the increased costs of waste services
without seriously prejudicing its ability to pay for other basic needs. A household is
considered unable to pay service charges when this would require a reduction in
expenditures on other such essential goods and services.
According to waste management industry standards, the acceptable affordability
threshold for waste management services is approximately 1.5% of average household
income levels i.e. monthly waste management costs for an average household should
not exceed 1.5% of household monthly income levels (where costs should cover the
entire cycle of waste services collection, transport, sorting, treatment and disposal).
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110
We note, however, that although such a criterion is useful for developing an overall
waste management strategy, the formulation of tariff policy must recognize that the
incomes of many households are below the average. On account of the financial
hardship being suffered already by such households, it is imperative to ensure that
policy measures are in place to protect such users from having to pay charges that are
high relative to their incomes.
The macro-affordability assessment is made upon the basis of average household
income levels within the region. Official statistics are available regarding household
income levels for Romania as a whole and for major regions, as determined through
household surveys. Latest available data is for the year 2004. Considered are incomes
from various sources including both cash income and income from in-kind sources
(trade of goods services and value of home grown vegetables, home produced goods
etc).
A specification of income in Region 1 is presented in the following table.
Table 8-4: Income level for Region 1 (2004)
Households of:
Development
region

Total
households Employees Farmers Unemployed Pensioners
Total income monthly per person
Total income 1.
North - East
3386848 4309685 2634201 2164857 3290458
percentage
Money income, of
which
69 80,7 48,0 68,1 62,4
Gross salaries and
other salary rights
35,4 68,9 7,1 25,4 12,2
Income from
agriculture
5,2 1,2 19,0 4,1 4,4
Income from non-
agricultural
independent
activities
4,3 1,1 2,6 2,0 2,0
Income from
social provisions
18,2 4,9 14,7 20,9 38,8
Income from
ownership
0,3 0,1 *
)
0,7 0,1
Equivalent value
of income in kind
obtained by
employees and
receivers of social
provisions
1,9 2,4 1,1 3,3 1,5
Equivalent value
of consumption of
agricultural
products from own
resources
29,1 16,9 50,9 28,6 36,1
Source: Romanian Statistical Yearbook, 2005; Income Specification, 2004

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111
For the purpose of the current analysis it is assumed that future income levels will
increase by the growth rate of GDP in each region. Forecast GDP growth rates for the
2006-2009 period have been elaborated for Romania as a whole and for all major
regions by the Romanian Commission for Prognoses and are presented in the table
below. Reflected in the table is a simplifying assumption that the annual growth rate
beyond 2009 will trap down to 5%, and remain at 5% in 2011 and beyond per year in all
regions.
Table 8-5:. GDP Developments, annual % change
Actual Actual Actual
National Commission for
Prognoses and Forecast
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Romania 5,2 8,4 4,1 6,0 6,2 6,3
1. NORD - EST 6,7 5,7 2,2 5,8 6,1 6,5
2. SUD - EST 5,0 10,3 2,6 5,9 5,9 6,2
3. SUD 6,5 10,6 3,7 6,0 6,0 6,1
4. SUD - VEST 11,3 9,1 2,6 6,1 5,8 6,0
5. VEST 9,6 8,5 5,6 5,8 5,7 5,9
6. NORD - VEST 8,0 6,3 2,6 5,4 5,9 6,2
7. CENTRU 4,7 8,4 3,8 5,7 5,9 6,0
8. BUCURESTI -1,9 8,7 7,3 6,6 7,1 6,8
Source of the data: National Commission for Prognoses and Forecast and consultant estimate
Taking as a point of reference 2004 income levels, and adjusting for regional GDP
forecasts, the acceptable threshold monthly waste management costs can be calculated
for each region.
Table 8-6: Affordability threshold for waste management, in Romania, EURO per
month/per person
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Romania 1,47 1,53 1,62 1,72 1,83 1,94 2,05 2,15 2,26 2,37
1. NORD -
EST
1,35 1,38 1,46 1,55 1,65 1,75 1,85 1,94 2,04 2,14
2. SUD - EST 1,32 1,35 1,43 1,51 1,61 1,70 1,80 1,89 1,98 2,08
3. SUD 1,34 1,39 1,47 1,56 1,66 1,76 1,85 1,95 2,04 2,14
4. SUD -
VEST
1,38 1,42 1,50 1,59 1,69 1,79 1,89 1,98 2,08 2,18
5. VEST 1,57 1,66 1,75 1,85 1,96 2,08 2,19 2,30 2,42 2,54
6. NORD -
VEST
1,55 1,59 1,68 1,78 1,89 2,00 2,11 2,22 2,33 2,44
7. CENTRU 1,53 1,58 1,67 1,77 1,88 1,99 2,10 2,21 2,32 2,43
8.
BUCURESTI
1,91 2,05 2,19 2,34 2,50 2,65 2,80 2,94 3,08 3,24
Source of the data: Romanian Yearbook of Statistics and consultant estimate
For Region 1, affordable monthly costs increase from 1.35 Euro to 2.14 Euro between
years 2004 and 2013. Affordability thresholds are highest in Region 8 (Bucharest)
where maximum acceptable monthly charges exceed national averages by roughly
30%.
Ideally, distinctions could be made between income and affordability levels in urban and
rural areas. Unfortunately, regional level income data is not available which
distinguishes between households in urban and rural areas. However, the Rural
Development Study of Romania (2003) suggests that income levels in rural households
are approximately 85% that of urban households, as can be seen in the table below.

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112
Table 8-7: Sources of income in Romania (2002)
Sources of income Urban Rural
Salary and Self employed income (Euro/month)
143 122
Salary and Self employed income (%) 61% 28%
Food Self-consumption, Sale of agro-foods & livestock 11% 45%
Social protection aids 19% 20%
Other income 9% 7%
TOTAL 100% 100%
Source: The Rural Development Study for Romania - 2003
The most important source of income for households in the urban area is salary and
incomes from self-employed activities, followed by social protection aids. Self-produced
food and other agricultural products have a lower impact on the total income of urban
households (11% of total income).
In rural areas, the most important source of income is from agricultural activities
undertaken by the household (in both monetary terms and in kind); these activities
account for 45% of total income. Other main sources are salary and self employed
income (28%) and social protection aids (20%).
The results of the Rural Development Study can be used to roughly approximate rural
household affordability thresholds. In Region 1, rural households account for
approximately 56% of the population
3
. It can be roughly approximated that affordability
threshold for persons residing in rural households range from EURO 1.26 in 2004 to
EURO 1.99 in 2013 per month.
Table 8-8: Rural/urban split in Region 1 (on July 1, 2004)
As percentage of total Inhabitants / km
2

Urban Rural
Region1. North - East 43,6 56,4 101,6
Bacu 46,4 53,6 109,3
Botoani 41,6 58,4 92,4
Iai 47,0 53,0 148,6
Neam 38,7 61,3 96,9
Suceava 43,4 56,6 82,5
Source: Data from Romanian Yearbook of Statistics., 2006
8.3.2 Existing Tariff Levels
It is outside the scope of the current planning process to perform a systematic inventory
of tariff levels for all service providers in the region. However, presented in the table
below are example household tariff levels for waste management services applied by a
range of service providers in Region 4.

Tariffs applied to households in 2006 range from between 2.42 to 3.86 RON per
person/month (approximately Euro 0.7 1.1). This level represents a range of between
50%- 75% of the estimated 2006 affordable threshold tariff of Euro 1.46 per
person/month for households with average incomes.

In other words, there is affordable scope in 2006 alone for tariff increases in the range
of 0.35-0.75 EURO per person per month, and scope is expected to increase annually
with increased income levels.

3
In 2004
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113
Table 8-9: Tariff levels for waste management in Region 1 (2006)
Quantity collected (30.06.2006) Collection tariff (including
VAT) out of which
Population Companies
and public
institutions
Tariff for
landfilling
including
VAT
total
population Companies
and public
institutions
Name of the
Operator
RON/pers/m
onth
RON/mc/mont
hs
RON/mc mc mc mc
Oneti
3,86 42,84 4,08 26540 20.195 6.345
Botoani 2,76 38,39 10,16 22160 13.082 9.078
Iai
2,70 29,50 19,30 408972 386.203 22.769
Piatra
Neam
3,28 42,73 11,41 lei/to 54972 42.607 12.365
Suceava
2,82 31,07 3,08 11870 8.309 3.561
Vaslui
2,42 20,22 3,83 35337 16.916 18.421
Average
tariff Reg. 1
2,79
Source: Data from ANRSC, 2006

8.3.3 Tariff Impacts of Proposed Investments
Simple cash flow projections have been elaborated considering the incremental
investment costs and operating & maintenance cost impacts of the proposed
investments in waste management services in the region. Considered only are the costs
associated with the preferred technical alternative as defined in Chapter 7.
It must be stressed that considered only are incremental costs of proposed investments
over a 2006-2025 planning period, i.e. the additional investment and operating cost
impacts (increase/decrease) of the proposed regional waste management
improvements. The existing costs associated with operating waste management
services within the region are held outside of the analysis and are assumed to be held
constant. It is assumed that existing tariffs are sufficient to cover annual replacement
costs of baseline (pre 2007) assets (containers, vehicles etc).
The cash flow projections are presented in Annex 8-2.
The analysis can be characterised as follows:
elaborated on a cash basis, i.e. it is assumed that all investments and operating
costs are to be financed by cash as they arise. Accounting depreciation will not be
considered. Any asset replacements needed during the planning period will be
considered on a cash basis;
elaborated in real terms, fixed 2006 prices adjusting only for real price increases
over the planning period;
consider incremental investment costs over the planning period (as locations and
specific characteristics of facilities are not yet known, these costs are based on
average, standard unit costs);
consider O&M costs for various categories of activities: collection,
sorting/recycling/transfer, transport and disposal. (costs for individual components
based to the greatest extent possible on standard unit costs). Only incremental
costs are considered;
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114
do not consider investment costs for previously approved ISPA projects for which
investment financing has been committed. O&M costs of ISPA projects are however
considered.
consider waste projections over the planning period.
The result of the analysis is a calculation of the overall NPV associated with the
incremental costs of implementing waste management service improvements
(considering both invest and O&M costs over the planning period).
Also calculated is the NPV/per ton waste over the planning period as well as NPV per
person/month.
It is important to stress that this figure is not the same as an actual tariff to be applied to
consumers the actual tariff to be applied will be a function of many factors including
upon local conditions, financing method for investments, user payment performance etc.
The NPV of Investment per person/month represents the overall average cost per
person/month of the investments over the planning period. Assuming an investment
programme fully cash financed through user tariffs, the average impact of the
investment programme would be 0.71 Euro per person per month.
It is however very likely that investment will be supported by EU and national grant
supports. Assuming 70% grant supports towards investments (and O&M fully financed
through tariffs), the average impact of the investment programme would be 0.57 Euro
per person per month.
Table 8-10: Average impact of the investment programme in Region 1
Discount rate 5%
NPV of Investment Actions (EURO 000) (incl Invest &
O&M over 2007-2025 planning period)
375.670
NPV of Waste Flows (000 t generated) 13.798
NPV of Waste Flows (000 t collected) 13.118
Impact without EU support
NPV Invest/t waste generated (Euro) 27,2
NPV Invest/t waste collected (Euro) 28,6
Incremental NPV Invest Per Person Per Month (Euro) 0,71
Incremental costs as percentage of Affordability
Threshold
30%
Necessary Tariff as Percent of Affordable Threshold
Over Planning Period
63%
Impact with EU support
*)

Investment grant support 70%
Incremental NPV Invest Per Person with grant support
(EURO)
0,57
Incremental costs as percentage of Affordability
Threshold
24%
Necessary Tariff as Percent of Affordable Threshold
Over Planning Period
58%
*)
EU support could be from EU Cohesion Fund; at present there is no commitment but
this could change in the future.
The overall tariff consequences of the proposed investments are, on average, within
acceptable affordable limits within the region during a 2007-2025 planning period. On
average, needed tariffs during the planning period are 63% of the affordability threshold
when not considering grant supports for investments and 58% of the affordability
threshold if grant supports are considered.
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115
Affordability Threshold
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
E
u
r
o

P
e
r

P
e
r
s
o
n
/
M
o
n
t
h
Affordability Threshold, 1.5% of Average Income (Euro person/month)
Average Existing Household Tariffs
Necessary Tariffs without grant Support
Necessary Tariffs with grant Support

Figure 8-1: Affordability Threshold for Region 1
It should be stressed that the calculations above simply represent the per capita costs
of the proposed investments and do not consider the actual share of expenses to be
allocated to households or the consequences of cross-subsidies between consumer
groups.
December 19
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116
9. IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES
Objectives, measures, targets and responsibilities related to waste management for
Region1 North-East.

117

Table 9-1: Implementation measures
Field Main objectives Specific objectives Measures Targets Responsib
le
1.1.1. To elaborate specific normative acts, at
county and local level, in accordance with the waste
management policy and the national legislation, to
implement an integrated waste management
system, efficiently from the economical and
environmental point of view.
Elaboration of decisions by County/Local
Councils needful to implement the proposed
objectives and reach the established targets

1.1.2. Encourage the local and county authorities
to develop a joint waste management organization
in terms of collection, disposal and separate
collection in co-operation with the private sector.

Taking decision based on up and down and
down and up consultations:
Organization of round-table meetings
with all involved parties both at regional
and local level with the aim of
developing a joint strategy with the
private sector
Permanent
with
periodic
revisions

REPA/
LEPA
County/Loc
al Councils

1.1. Develop
legislative and
organizational
framework needful
for implementation
of an integrated
waste management
system.

1.1.3. The awareness of decision making factors
and of population that a qualified waste
management is of the highest importance for the
health of the population
Ensure sufficient and well-trained staff on
specific waste issues and especially civil
engineers specialised for a more efficient
control of landfills
Starting
with 2007
REPA,
LEPAs
1.2.1. Increase the importance of the legislations
enforcement and control the environmental
authorities in charge with the waste management
Ensure the necessary methodologies and
resources for implementation and control of
legislative implementation in the field of
waste
Elaboration and implementation of
monitoring programmes
1.2.2. Strengthen the co-operation between the
institutions related to the enforcement of waste
management legislation.
Set up clear responsibilities for each
authority involved both in implementation
and monitoring and control of waste
management.
Strengthen the co-operation between
REPA, NEPA, Environmental Guard with
the view of continuously monitoring and
controlling of legal requirements

Permanent Environme
ntal Guard,
REPA/
LEPAs
County/Loc
al Council
1.Regional
policy
developm
ent
1.2. Increase the
effective
enforcement of the
waste management
legislation

1.2.3. Increase the efficiency of the
regional/county/local institutional structure by clear
definition of responsibilities
Setting down and clear defining the
informational and decisional circuits
Define the responsibilities of each authority
involved in the waste management, at all
levels
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
RDA
County/Loc
al Council
December 19
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le
1.3.1. To inform all interested/implicated factors
regarding the environment protection legislation in
general and of environmental protection in
particular.
Clear defining of the responsibilities and the
competences and assuming the
responsibilities at all levels based on the
subsidiary principle
1.3. Rising the
efficiency of the
implementation of
legislation in the
waste management
field
1.3.2. Rise the importance of monitoring and control
activities done by the competent authorities in
accordance to their responsibilities
Periodical monitoring and verifying the
implementation of the legal requirements for
economical agents that generate waste
Implementation and extension of on-line
monitoring ( with the transmission of data
directly to the environmental authorities) of
economical agents which carry on activities
with a significant impact on environment.
Permanent
e
REPA/
LEPA,
RDA,
Environme
ntal Guard
2.1.1 Create the conditions to increase the
efficiency of the institutional structures and of the
systems regarding the waste management
activities.

Analyze the efficiency of the environmental
protection structures and avoid the
overlapping of the competences and
responsibilities, by setting out a diagram of
responsibilities and a functional cooperation
mechanism
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard
2.
Institution
al and
organizati
onal
aspects
2.1 Adapt and
develop the
institutional and
structural to
framework to fulfill
the National and
European
requirements
2.1.2. Strengthen the administrative capacity of
government institutions at regional level with
competences and responsibilities for the
implementation of the legislation and control of
waste management activities.

Preparation of suitable measures, at
environmental protection authorities level in
order to strengthen the institutional
capacity.
Improvement of the co-operation between
the environmental protection authorities and
those ones responsible with the
implementation of public investments
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard,
County/Loc
al Councils
3. Human
resources
3.1. Assure the
necessary human
resources in terms
of number and
professional
qualification
3.1.1. Assure sufficient and well trained staff and
adequate equipment at all levels in the public sector
regional/county/local

Design a training program for regional and
local institutions for: juridical affairs,
technical control and inspection facilities,
data recording, administrational affairs,
tendering of services.
Prepare training courses for the personnel
from:REPA and LEPAs, County/Local
Councils, Sanitation Companies and
economical agents involved in waste
management activities.
Ensure the logistics and needful
equipments, at all levels and for both public
and private sector.
Starting
with cu
2007
AREPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard,
County/Loc
al Council
December 19
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4.1.1. Develop an affordable waste management
system consisting of collection, transport, recovery,
recycling, treatment and disposal.
Encourage the economical agents involved
in waste collection, transport, treatment and
recovery
Permanent Environme
ntal Fund
Association
,
County/Loc
al Council
4.1.2. Optimize the acquisition and the application of
all available national and international funds for
investment (environmental, private, structural and
other funds).

Organization of training sessions
concerning the financing opportunities in the
field of waste management.
Prepare a priority list for investments
adapted to the needs of Region correlated
with those from county and local level
Allocation of financing for:
Project preparation correlated with the
necessities of the region
Preparation of feasibility studies related
to priority investments
Financing or co-financing
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Council
4.
Financing
of the
waste
managem
ent sector
4.1. Establish and
use the economical
and financial
systems and
mechanisms for
waste management
considering the
general principle
and the subsidiary
principle
4.1.3. Improve the municipal waste management
and develop economical and financial mechanism in
order to organize an integrated waste management
system based on affordable fees which have to
cover the cost of a qualified collection, treatment
and controlled disposal.
Implementation of a integrated waste
management system for all types of
settlements
Calculation of tariffs and fees related to
waste management in such a way to cover
all the operation costs including collection,
selective collection, transport, treatment,
recovery, disposal, closure of landfills, post-
closure monitoring
Initiate pilot projects as follows:
selective collection at source decreasing
of tariffs
you pay what you generate the payment
should be directly proportional to quantity of
generated waste
or implementation of other projects of
optimization

2007 with
permanent
concern
County/Loc
al Councils
December 19
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4.1.4.Encourage the use of all economical and
financial mechanism for special waste stream
management which means the separate collection
of batteries and accumulators, hazardous waste
from households, packaging, electric and electronic
devices and end of life vehicles.

Facilitate the communication between the
all responsible involved the collection,
treatment, recovery, disposal system
Organization of round-table meetings for
how know transfer concerning the waste
flow management and implementation of
economical and financial mechanisms
needful for selective collection
4.1.5. Initiate a planning group at different levels
local, county, regional in order to implement
suitable mixed and selective collection systems
according to the type of settlement.

Periodical organization of working groups
composed of specialists in the field in order
to offer to the decision making factors ideas
and practical schemes for proper
implementing of collection and selective
collection (establishment of
collection/selective collection points, type
and volume of containers/bins, a.o)
2007 cu
preocupare
permanent
a
REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Councils,
Legal
entities
replacing
vehicle
producers
in their
responsibili
ty for ELV
5.1.1. Increase the communication between all
stakeholders

Periodic organization of meetings of
County/Local Councils, RDA, REPA,
concerning the legislation, the
implementation and monitoring of RWMP,
measures and action to be taken.
Permanent 5.
Informatio
n and
awareness
of the
stakehold
ers
5.1. Promote
information,
awareness and
motivating activities
for all stakeholders.
5.1.2. Organize and supervise educational and
awareness programmes at all levels.

Supervision of communication and
educational plans for all levels: elementary
schools, universities, economical agents,
environmental associations.
Preparation of school guides for teachers
and pupils
Permanent
RDA/REPA
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard,
County/Loc
al Council
December 19
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, 2006 121
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5.1.3. Use of all available communication channels
(mass-media, web sites, seminars, events) for
public information and awareness addressed to
specific targets groups (children, young, adults,
elders)

REPA and LEPAs will organize press
conferences in order to inform the public on
the new regulations in the field, guides, the
implementation stage of the RWMP, new
selective pre collection/collection points a.o
REPA and LEPAs have the obligation to
inform the public, therefore the web page
waste management section- will be revised
and completed at least one a months and
will contain at least the following:
List of all the normative acts in force
concerning the waste management
List of all the collection and selective
collection points for each waste flow
List of all the authorized economical
agents, involved in collection, transport,
recycling, treatment, disposal ( with
address, phones, e-mail detailed and
clear specified for each filed of activity

Permanent RDA/REPA
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard,
County/Loc
al Council
5.1.4. To promote the waste managements audits
as a part of the planning and supervision and
control process. For big communities and
enterprises, it is recommended to integrate the
waste management audit in planning and control
procedures.
Initiations of awareness campaigns with the
involvement of economical agents and
municipalities in order to promote the audit
concerning the waste management as part
of the planification process.

Permanent REPA/
LEPA,Envir
onmental
Guard
5.2 Public
campaigns
concerning the
improvement of
health quality
5.2.1 Informing the public on the noxious effects
caused by the inadequate waste management
through their uncontrolled disposal.

Initiations of public campaigns al all levels
of population in order to inform about the
risks caused by the inadequate waste
disposal
Use of all specific methods for proper
education and information of targets groups
(web sites, mass media, brochures, posters,
a.o.)
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Council
December 19
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6.1.1. Improve the regional/county/local system of
collecting, processing, and analyzing data and
information regarding waste management by using
an integrated and double controlled system
connected with the National Environmental Guard.

Introduction of standardized methods for
data collection, recording and validation.
Define and elaborate together with the
Environmental Guard, based on the system
used for the statistical reports , of a clear
methodology for cross-check control of data
concerning the generated waste quantities.
Finding together with the Environment
Guard of a method to impose to economical
agents and local councils involved in
reporting, to deliver accurate date related to
waste management system.

Define a professional structure in REPA and
LEPAs to organize collection, analyzing and
validation of reported data.
Obligation of economical agents and of
other involved institutions in reporting to
convey accurate data.

Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard
Local
Councils
under co-
ordination
of NEPA
6.
Collection
and
reporting
of data
and
informatio
n
regarding
waste
managem
ent
6.1. Obtain
complete and
correct data and
information suited
to the National and
European reporting
requirements
6.1.2. Improve the direct reporting through IT
means, of collected data at regional level and
transmit them to national level- meaning to the
National Environment Protection Agency by using
the entire potential of modern informatics facilities.
Operation of the existing database
programme at maximum parameters by
REPA and LEPAs under NEPAs
coordination.

Utilization of IT facilities of on line conveying
data programme, from the lowest levels
(economical agents) to the next upper
ones:LEPA, REPA, NEPA
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard
Local
Councils
under co-
ordination
of NEPA
December 19
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, 2006 123
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6.1.3. Improving the validation system of the
received data, the increase of responsibilities of the
entire personnel involved in collection, process and
data validation, including the National Environment
Guar personnel.

Improvement and strengthen the co-
operation between the IT personnel, the
waste personnel and those ones involved in
collecting, process and data validation
within the REPA , LEPAs and also with the
Environmental Guard for cross checking
and validation of data
Increase the responsibilities of involved
personnel by setting up clear
responsibilities and competences in the
process of data collection-reporting and by
implementation of penalties in case of
flagrant errors.
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard
under co-
ordination
of NEPA
7.
Prevention
of waste
generation
7.1. Minimize the
waste generation
7.1.1. Promote and encourage the manufactures to
implement the prevention principles

Organization of awareness and training
sessions for economical agents and
professional associations concerning the
prevention of waste generation.
Organization of information campaigns
regarding the prevention and minimization
of waste generation
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Councils

7.1.2. Encourage the consumers to apply the
prevention principle
Promote the reuse of certain types of
packaging;
Promote the ecological consume of
ecological products
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Councils

8.Recoveri
ng the
effective
potential
of waste
8.1.Efficient use of
all technical and
economical
facilities for waste
recovery
8.1.1. Support the development of the secondary
raw material market at regional level

Encourage the small and medium
Enterprises to use a secondary raw material
from recycled materials
The waste and permitting departments
within REPA and LEPAs, will prepare a list
with all the economical agents who use
waste as secondary raw materials. This list (
containing also the contact data for each
economical agent) will be published on the
web site page of REPA and LEPA and will
be updated.
Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Councils

December 19
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8.1.2. Achieve a reduction of the total waste quantity
to be disposed by optimized waste collection and
treatment facilities
Establishment of street, volunteer selective
collection points, in urban and rural areas
simultaneously with organization of public
awareness campaigns for population
(brochures, mass media) regarding the
advantages of waste selective collection.

Endowment of population from urban areas
with bags, bins a.o, for each type of waste
(paper, cardboard, plastic, glass a.o)

Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Councils
, Sanitation
operators
8.2. Develop
activities for the
material and
energetic waste
recovery
8.2.1. Increase the degree of material recovery
(recycling); recycling of household waste, others
than packaging.

Promote the energy recovery through co-
incineration and incineration in case the material
recovery is not feasible from a technical-economical
point of view.

Integrate the informal sector ( grey market of
recyclable waste) in the official waste collection
system.

Development of pilot projects for selective
collection of paper, cardboard, magazines
within the all public institutions
Establish selective collection points for
recyclable waste
Organization of round-table meetings with
the sanitations companies, collectors and
SME, that use waste as secondary
materials with the view of facilitating the
market development
Design efficiently selective collection
systems
Development of door to door pilot
recyclable waste collection projects,
following a schedule established together
with the sanitation companies
Utilization of the co-incineration potential of
certain household waste in existing clinker
kilns , in the region
Permangan
ate
REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Councils
, Sanitation
operators
9.Waste
collection
and
transport
9.1. Ensure
collection
capacities and
transport systems
9.1.1 Extend the collection system of municipal
waste in urban areas, with a coverage area of 100%

Obligation of the local councils to extend the
coverage area with sanitation services there
where is not available
2013

Local
Councils,
sanitation
operators
December 19
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9.1.2 Extend the collection system of municipal
waste in urban areas, with a coverage area of
minimum 80%

Obligation of the local councils to extend the
coverage area with sanitation services there
where is not available
2009 Local
Councils,
sanitation
operators
adapted to the
number of
inhabitants and to
the quantity of
generated waste
9.1.3 Optimize the collection and transport systems Local Councils and sanitation companies
will organize planning sessions with the
view of modernizing the collection and
transport systems.
Permanent Local
Councils,
sanitation
operators
9.2. Assure the
best options for
waste collection
and transport in
respect to recycling
and final disposal

9.2.1 Organize separate collection of the hazardous
and non hazardous municipal waste
Establishment of freetake back pre
collection points for hazardous waste as
part of the household waste
Establishment of signs in crowded places
(tram and bus stations, big commercial
centers ) in order to indicate the selective
collection points for hazardous waste as
part of the household waste.
The small and medium economical agents,
public institution are allowed to dispose the
hazardous waste at these pre-collection
points paying an established tariff

Starting
with 2007
Local
Councils,
Sanitation
operators
10. Waste
treatment
10.1. Promote the
waste treatment in
order to assure a
rational ecological
management
10.1.1.Encourage the waste treatment in view of:
recovery( material and energetic);
reduction of the hazardous character;
reduction of the quantity of final disposed waste;
Reduction of the emissions from the landfills taking
into account the safety conditions for human heath
and environmental protection.
Utilisation of the existing technological
potential for waste recovery, recycling,
treatment
Encourage the construction of new
treatment facilities
Encourage the development of a valid
market for recovery/recycling/treatment of
municipal waste and hazardous waste as
part of the household waste from population
Permanent Economical
agents,
Profession
al
association
s, REPA/
LEPA,
County/Loc
al Councils
December 19
th
, 2006 126
le
To reduce the quantity of biodegradable municipal
waste landfilled at 75% of the total quantity
(gravimetric expressed) produced in 1995.
Promote and encourage home composting
in household and/or platforms
Ensure the composting of the whole
quantity of biodegradable waste from parks,
gardens and markets
Selective collection of biodegradable waste
from population in such a way to ensure the
maximum capacity for the existing facilities
Starting
with 2008

To reduce the quantity of biodegradable municipal
landfilled at 50% of the total quantity (expressed
gravimetric) produced in 1995.

Ensure new capacities or extend the existing
ones for treatment ( composting, fermentation,
mecano-biological treatment) of a minimum
170.000 tonnes of biodegradable waste, at
regional level, others than parks, gardens and
markets waste.

2013

11.
Biodegrad
able waste
11.1 Reduce the
quantity of
landfilled
biodegradable
waste
11.1.2. Making new investments for biodegradable
waste treatment with the aim of fulfilling the regional
targets
Ensure treatment facilities: composting,
fermentation, mecano-biological treatment
a.o.

Development of a concept for the disposal
tariff of municipal biodegradable waste and
its enforcement there where the treatment
alternatives are in place.
2013

Starting
with 2007
County/Loc
al Councils,
Profession
al
Association
s,
sanitations
operators

12.Packagi
ng waste
12.1. Reduce
packaging waste
generation
12.1.1. Optimize the quantity of waste per packed
product.
Juridical entities who take the responsibility
of reaching the targets together with the
economical agents will develop research
projects for re-designing of certain types of
packaging in order to reduce the quantity of
packaging waste.
Apply measures for waste generation
prevention, foreseen in the guide
Prevention of packaging waste generation
and in the international practice

Permanent Importers
and
producers
of
packaging
and packed
products
December 19
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12.1.2 Create the necessary conditions for
recycling packaging waste, in the sense of a good
organization of selective collection
Promote a reimbursable guarantee system
of type deposit system for glass packaging
that can be reused, or other materials, with
the requirement to develop a management
system and establish the consequences in
case the plan is not fulfilled
Volunteer, street selective collection points
based on packaging type: glass,
paper/cardboard, PET, other plastic, metal
a.o,
Establish signs in areas with intensive
traffic, in order to indicate the selective
collection points for packaging waste

County/Loc
al Councils,
Producers
and
importers
of
packaging
and packed
products
Implementation of a selective collection
system of recyclable waste (plastic, glass
and metal), at regional level: of minimum
530.000 inhabitants

12.2.1Recycling minimum 60% for paper/cardboard
and minimum 50 % for metal, from the weigh of
each type of material contained in packaging waste
system for paper/cardboard waste, at
regional level: of minimum 1.600.000
inhabitants

2008
system of recycling waste ( plastic, glass
1.100.000 inhabitants

12.2. Recover and
recycling of
packaging waste
related to the
quantity introduced
into the market

12.2.2 Recycling of minimum 15% for plastic and
wood, from the weigh of each type of material
contained in packaging waste.
inhabitants
2011
County/Loc
al Councils
December 19
th
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12.2.3 Recovery or incineration in incineration
installations with a minimum 50% energy recovery
from the weigh of packaging waste.
Energetic recovery of waste with a high
calorific power, that can not be recycled

Producers
and
importers
of
packaging
and packed
products
system of recycling waste (plastic, glass
1.800.000 inhabitants
12.2.4 Recycling of minimum 55% of the total
weight of packaging materials contained in
packaging waste, with minimum 60% for glass and
minimum 22,5 for plastic.
inhabitants

County/Loc
al Councils

12.2.5 Recovery or incineration in incineration
installations with a minimum 60% energy recovery
from the weigh of packaging waste.
Energetic recovery of waste with a high
caloric power and which can not be
recycled.

2013
Producers
and
importers
of
packaging
and packed
products
Determination of recovery rate of packaging
waste from population( ratio of selectively
collected quantity to total generated
quantity)
Annually Local
Councils
Assignment for recycling/recovery of the
entire quantity of generated packaging
waste.
Permanent Economical
agents
generators
of
packaging
waste
12.3. Create and
optimize packaging
waste recycling
schemes

12.3.1 Organize separate collection systems for
packaging waste in order to reach the targets at the
set deadlines.
Ensure the sorting of packaging waste
selectively collected.

Permanent County/Loc
al Councils
December 19
th
, 2006 129
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Ensure the possibilities for
recycling/recovery of packaging waste
Permanent Producers
and
importers
of
packaging
and packed
products
Preparation of a plan regarding the
construction and demolition waste

2008 County
Councils,
REPA
Bacau
Separate collection of hazardous waste
from non hazardous waste

Starting
with 2007
Physical
persons
and
economical
agents
Ensure treatment and recovery facilities

Responsibl
e industry,
Local
Councils
Reuse and recycling of construction and
demolition waste , in case they are not
contaminated

13.
Constructi
on and
demolition
waste
13.1. Proper
management with
respecting the
strategic principles
and minimization of
the impact on
environment and
health
13.1.1. Treat the contaminated waste from
construction and demolition in view of recovery
(material and energetic recovery) or/and final
disposal in a controlled landfill
Energy recovery of construction and
demolition waste, in case they are
contaminated

Permanent

Ensure disposal capacities for construction
and demolition waste.

Permanent Local
Councils,
Environme
ntal Guard
13.1.3. Proper disposal of waste that can not be
recovered
Forbid the non complaint disposal of
construction and demolition waste.

December 19
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14.1.1. Install special collection points for the
collection of bulky waste from population

Establish, were available, equipped
collection points for bulky waste.
Install signs to indicate the selective
collection points

Starting
with 2007
14.1.2. Establish door to door collection schemes at
set periods of time (for example: every three
months)
Introduction of pilot selective collection
projects for bulky waste which can be
recycled or reused.

Starting
with 2007
14.Bulky
waste
14.1. Proper
management with
respecting the
strategic principles
and minimization of
the impact on
environment and
health
14.1.3. Recover separately collected waste Introduction of pilot selective collection
projects for bulky waste which can be
recycled and /or energetic recovered.

Starting
with 2007
Sanitation
operators,
REPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard,
Local
Councils

31.06.2007

15.1.1. Prevent illegal disposal and discharged of
sludge in surface water.
Preparation of a regional strategy for
management of sludge from wastewater
treatment plants
Preparation of a regional strategy for
management of sludge from wastewater
treatment plants, in line with the National
and European legislation
Promote the utilization of uncontaminated
sludge for the rehabilitation of damaged
soils and covering the existing landfills (
according with the MO 344/2005
requirements)
Starting
with 2007
Wastewate
r treatment
plant,
REPA/
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard,
Local
Councils
15. Sludge
from
wastewate
r
treatment
plant
15.1.Proper
management of
sludge from
wastewater
treatment
15.1.2. Promote as a priority the recovery in
agriculture , with respect of the law
Promote the utilization of the
uncontaminated sludge as fertilizer in
agriculture in line with the MO 344/2005
requirements
Encourage the economical agentsof
Starting
with 2007
Wastewate
r treatment
plants
operators,
REPA/
December 19
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, 2006 131
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15.1.3. Promote treatment through bail/dehydration
in view of co-incineration
Encourage the economical agents to take
over, based on a contract, the sludge from
the wastewater treatment plants and to
implement a sound management of this
type of waste in line with the legislation in
force, including by incineration or by co-
incineration or other procedures in order to
reduce the hazardous potential of
contaminated sludge
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard,
Local
Councils
16.1.1. a) Collect and treat end of life vehicles that
were introduced on the market by individual
producers or of whose producers have ceased the
activity
Achievement of this objective, at national
level, will be fulfilled through projects
financed from the Environmental fund,
according with the legislation in force

Permanent Environme
ntal Fund
Association
,
producers/
importers
of vehicles,
16.1.1. b) Design a system that will allow the last
owner of the vehicle to deposit it at a collection-
recovery point for free with the exception foreseen
by the GD 2406/2005
Producers of vehicles are responsible with
taking over from the last owner those
vehicles they have introduced to the market,
when these become out of life vehicles
Development of a joint project for
dismantling associations/processors and
producers/importers in order to design and
finance a functional scheme of collection-
recovery
Beginnig
with latest
2007 with
permanent
concern

Producers/
importers
of vehicles,
individually
or by
contracting
other
authorized
economical
agents

16. End of
life
vehicles
16.1. Create and
develop a regional
collection,
recovery, recycling
network for end of
life vehicles

16.1.2. Establish at least one collection point for end
of life vehicles for each of the 6 counties of Region 1
NE. Establish a collection point for end of life
vehicles, in every town with more than 100.000
inhabitants.
Submission, on annually basis, to the
MEWM, the list with the established
collection points
Make available, the list of all collection
points, on the internet and at the sailing
points of new vehicles
Functioning of established End of Life
Vehicles collection points

Starting
with 2007
Producers/
importers
of vehicles
December 19
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16.1.3. Extend the reuse and recycling of materials
from end of life vehicles and energetic recovery of
those materials that cannot be recycled.
16.1.4. Reuse and recovery of at least 85% of the
weight of the vehicles produced after 1.01.1980
16.1.5. Reuse and recovery of at least 85% of the
weight of the vehicles producers after 1st January
1980
16.1.6. Reuse and recycling of 70% of the weight of
end of life vehicles produces before 1st January
1980
16.1.7. Reuse and recycling of 80% of the weight of
end of life vehicles produced starting with 1st
January 1980
Taking over end of life vehicles from the last
owner
Delivery for recycling, recovery or reuse of
replaced materials and vehicle parts, which
are waste, to the authorized economical
agents, in line with the legal requirements in
force

Starting
with
01.01.2007
.

Producers/
importers
of vehicles,
Economical
agents that
maintain
and repair
vehicles

.17.11. Establish selective collection of waste from
electric and electronic equipment as following::
1 collection point for each county
1 collection point for every city with more than
>100000 inhabitants
1 collection point for every city with more than >
20.000 inhabitants

Check the existence of the collection points
of waste from electric and electronic
equipment, established by the Local
Councils in line with the GD 448/2004
requirements
Taking over the selective collection points of
waste from electric and electronic
equipment by the specialized economical
agents

1.01.2007
Local
Councils,
Economical
agents,
producers
and
importers
17.
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
17.1 Waste from
electric and
electronic
equipment
17.1.2. Organize selective collection of WEEE and
its components, collection of at least:
3 kg/ inhabitant x year
4 kg/ inhabitant x year
Organize door to door collection of WEEE
by the sanitation operators based on
periodical schedules, of which the
population is informed by specific
information tools
Organization and improvement of selective
collection at the WEEE selective collection
points

31.12.2007
31.12.2008
Importers/
Producers,
Local
Councils,
sanitation
Companies
December 19
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, 2006 133
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17.1.3. Encourage and facilitate reuse, recycling of
electronic and electric equipment waste and of their
components and materials that make them.

Implementation of a social project (jobs for
the long term unemployed) with the scope
of repairing the old electronic equipments in
order to be resold.

Permanent REPA/
LEPA,
economical
agents
importers
and
producers
18.1.1. Inform and encourage the households to
separate the hazardous components from
household waste
Initiations of public awareness campaigns
regarding the hazardous waste and their
proper operating.
Promote 3R principle: reduce, reuse and
recycle of household waste including the
hazardous household waste.

Starting
with 2007
County/Loc
al Councils,
Sanitations
Companies
18.1.Implement
collection and
transport services
for hazardous
waste
18.1.2. Install collection points for selective
collection of hazardous waste out of household
waste

Avoiding the mixture between the non
hazardous waste and hazardous waste
Staring
with 2007
County/Loc
al Councils,
Sanitations
Companies
18.2.1. Treatment of dangerous waste for recycling
and reuse in technological process
Utilize the existing industrial capacities and
/or construction of new treatment capacities
of hazardous waste from households
together with those from industry

Starting
with 2007
Sanitations
Companies
18.
Hazardous
waste as
part of
municipal
waste
18.2. Dispose the
hazardous waste in
a ecological sound
manner
18.2.2 Ensure the capacities and installations
according to the European standards
Verify the operating parameters of the new
investments in order to comply with the
National and European requirements

Starting
with 2007

REPA,
LEPA,
Environme
ntal Guard
Cease waste disposal in non complaint
landfills in urban areas

- 3 landfills in Suceava County, 1 landfill in
Botosani County
Until 2008
19.Waste
disposal
Waste disposal in
line with the legal
requirements in the
field of waste
management

Closure in stage of non complaint landfills in line
with the negotiate timetable.

-7 landfills in Bacau County, 3 landfills in
Iasi County, 1 landfill in Neamt County, 1
landfill in Suceava County, 1 landfill in
Vaslui County.
Until 2009
Sanitation
companies
December 19
th
, 2006 134
le
-1 landfill in Suceava County Until 2010
- 2 landfills in Suceava County Until 2011
- 1 landfill in Botosani County, 1 landfill in
Iasi County, 2 landfills in Neamt County
Until 2012
Closure of non complaint landfills in
maximum 2 years from the ceasing of
disposal, in line with the legal requirements.

2 years
from the
ceasing of
activityi
Local
Councils
Post-closure monitoring of landfills Minimum
30 years
after landfill
closure.

Landfill
operators
Closure and rehabilitation of the 1.423
dump sites in rural area.
Until
16.07.2009
Local
Councils
Develop a transitional system until the
implementation of an integrated waste
management system, assuring waste
transport and disposal in authorized landfills
there where the disposal will be ceased.

Construction of regional complaint landfills:
- 1 regional landfill in Bacau County 2010 Bacau
County
Council
-1 regional landfill in Iasi County

2010 Iasi County
Council
- 1 regional landfill in Botosani County 2013* Botosani
County
Council
- 2 regional landfill in Suceava County 2013* Suceava
County
Council
Ensure new necessary capacities for disposal and
related transfer stations in line with the European
Standards
- 1 regional landfill in Vaslui County 2013* Vaslui
County
Council

135
10. SYSTEM MONITORING
Plan monitoring will follow the Regions progress towards the realisation of its RWMPs
objectives and targets. Monitoring of each Waste Management Plan is an official
function or competency of the NEPA and each REPA. The RWMP monitoring results
will be annually reported to MEWP, NEPAs, other REPAs, LEPAs, County Councils, the
public and others as required. Monitoring results will be published as required by Law
and used in or to:
Determine progress towards plan objectives,
Determine deficiencies and areas needing attention,
Guide or redirect future investments, revise planning calendar, and
Inform and report to the public and government officials on plan implementation
and quantified achievements towards objectives and targets.
Monitoring of the RWMP includes:
Annual monitoring of RMWP objectives and targets,
Drafting assessments on progress towards achieving RWMP objectives and
quantified targets,
Identifying delays, stumbling blocks and deficiencies on RWMP
implementation,
Recommending actions to improve RWMP implementation,
Publishing the RWMPs annual monitoring report, and
Publishing of ad hoc or special studies if needed.
Establishment of some adequate monitoring procedures together with adequate feed-
back systems, at national and regional level, will influence future planning and efficient
achievement of the objectives.
Monitoring methodology
For each of the indicators, both the value and the trend will be specified. The trend
represents variation of the indicator in comparison with the previous year and can be
presented using Chernoff symbols, as follows:
Positive variation in relation to the intentions
Negative variation in relation to the intentions
No variation.

136

Objective Target Quantifiable indicator Measures Precondition Trend
Establishment of RWMP
monitoring group, including
representatives from County
Councils, REPA and
Environmental Guard, up to
the first half of 2007
Monitoring group draws up Annual
monitoring Report of RWMP up to the
end of November each year, and
present it in ordinary meeting of
Council for Regional Development
Good coordination
and cooperation
between involved
actors

Establishment of an working
group, including
representatives from County
Councils, REPA, LEPAs,
NGOs etc., for revising of
RWMP, up to the end of 2007
Based on Annual Monitoring Report
of RWMP, the Working group decide
to revise RWMP
Good coordination
and cooperation
between involved
actors

Creation of the
organizational
framework for
regional waste
management
trend and its
implementation
instruments
establishment
Comparison of the basic data
used for forecast in RWMP
(GDP evolution, population,
generation index etc.) with
current situation
Based on this comparison WG decide
to revise RWMP
Good coordination
and cooperation
between involved
actors

Number of decisions issued
by County Councils and Local
Councils for waste
management improvement
Local legal provisions that will ensure
achievement of RWMP objectives
A good awareness
and endorsement of
RWMP at the level
of County and Local
Councils
Annual number of penalties
issued by Environmental
Guard for improper waste
management
According to inspection schedule

Good coordination
and cooperation
between involved
actors
Development of the
regional policy in
order to implement
an integrated waste
management system
Efficiency
improvement in
waste
management
legislation
enforcement
Annual number of actions
(seminars, conferences,
workshops etc.) organized by
involved organizations (CC,
REPA, Environmental Guard,
NGOs) for increasing the
importance of conformity to
specific legislation
Carry out seminars, conferences,
workshops etc., for increasing the
importance of conformity to specific
legislation
Involved
organizations
secured funds for
these actions in
their budgets

December 19
th
, 2006 137
Strengthening
administrative
capacity and
responsibility in
law
enforcement
Clear defining of specific
responsibilities exists in
Organizing and Operating
Regulation of respective
organization
Clear defining of specific
responsibilities and their adoption at
all levels, taking into account the
subsidiary principle
Organizing and
Operating
Regulation of
respective
organization was
elaborated and
approved through a
legal norm

Number of hired staff/Number
of staff from organizational
chart
Staff hiring
Number of staff trained during
the year/Total number of staff
Professional training plan of the staff
Development and
adjustment of
institutional and
organizational
framework in order
to achieve national
requirements, and
making it consistent
with European
structures
Assurance of
suitable
number of well
skilled staff and
adequate
equipment at all
levels of
involved
organization
Number of equipments/Total
number of staff
Procurement of equipments
Involved
organizations
secured funds for
these actions in
their budgets

Number of applications issued
by County and Local Councils
Regular workshops on financing
opportunities in municipal waste
management field
Improvement of
using available
national
financial
sources
Number of approved
applications/Number of
applications issued
Improvement of applications
County and Local
Councils have
organized internal
structures for
drawing up the
applications or
secured these
activities within its
budget

Number of applications issued
by County and Local Councils
Draw up of eligible projects,
according to donor requirements

Drawing up and
using of economic
and financial
systems and
mechanisms for
waste management,
observing general
principles, mainly
polluter pays
principle and
manufacturer
responsibility
principle
Improvement of
using available
European and
international
financial
sources
Number of approved
applications/Number of
applications issued
Regular workshops on financing
opportunities in municipal waste
management field
County and Local
Councils have
organized internal
structures for
drawing up the
applications or
secured these
activities within its
budget

December 19
th
, 2006 138
Analysis of the
financing and
organization
way of the
system for
municipal
waste
management
(tariffs and
taxes)
Ratio expenditures/income for
the municipal waste
management system
Calculation of the tariffs in a way to
cover all the municipal waste
management activities (collection,
including selective collection,
transport, treatment, disposing,
closure, post-closure monitoring)

Number of information
campaigns
Number of annual meetings
and of workshops
Number of information or
awareness raising materials,
or for public opinion survey
drew up by involved
authorities
Promotion of a
information,
awareness and
motivation system
for all involved
parties
Organize of
programs for
population
education and
awareness
rising, by all
involved parties
(central and
local public
authorities,
economic
agents, NGOs,
public
institutions etc.)
Number of Web pages for
waste management
Draw up, at all levels, of plans for
communication and education having
as target: the public (including
scholar education), local collectivities,
economic agents etc
Existence of plans
for information,
awareness raising
campaigns at the
level of County and
Local Councils

Existence of
assurance/checking
procedures for the quality of
collected data
Each organization involved in
municipal waste management draw
up quality assurance/checking
procedures for collected data
Existence of a
quality management
system
Complete and
accurate data and
information
collection that will be
according to the
European and
national reporting
requirements
Improvement of
the local and
regional system
for data
collection,
analysis and
validation
regarding
generation and
management of
waste
Number of analysis regarding
household waste composition,
as well as determining
household waste generation
index for urban and rural
areas by the landfills
operators and by sanitation
companies
Determination household waste
generation index for urban and rural
areas, and of household waste
composition, by the landfills
operators and by sanitation
companies under REPAs
coordination
Good coordination
and cooperation
between involved
actors

December 19
th
, 2006 139
Number of meetings for
information/analysis of data
reporting procedures
regarding waste management
with involved companies
Meeting schedule with waste
management companies
Good coordination
and cooperation
between involved
actors

Collection, at regional level, of
the data regarding
construction and demolition
waste
Existence of quality
assurance/checking of
collected data
Establishment of a collection,
analysis and validation system for
data regarding generation and
management of construction and
demolition waste, at regional level
Good coordination
and cooperation
between REPA and
Local Councils

Collection, at regional level, of
the data regarding bulky
waste
Existence of quality
assurance/checking of
collected data
Establishment of a collection,
analysis and validation system for
data regarding generation and
management of bulky waste, at
regional level
Good coordination
and cooperation
between REPA and
Local Councils

Percent of urban population
collected
Extension of municipal waste
collection systems in urban area to
100% of population, in 2013
Financial source
exists

Percent of rural population
collected
Extension of municipal waste
collection systems in rural area to
80% of population, in 2009
Financial source
exists

Number of population
selectively collected / Total
number of population from
region
Implementation of separate collection
systems for recoverable materials in
order to achieve the legislative
objective regarding packaging and
biodegradable waste
Financial source
exists

Improvement/develo
pment of an
integrated system for
waste collection and
transport
Extension of
collection
system to be
able , in 2013,
to cover 100%
from urban
area and in
2009 to cover
80% for rural
area
Number (capacity) of
constructed transfer stations /
Necessary number (capacity)
Construction of transfer stations
according to the results of feasibility
studies and correlated with the
closure years of the existing non-
complying landfills
Financial source
exists

December 19
th
, 2006 140
Existence of different tariffs for
mixed and separate collection
Economic instruments for backing up
and extension of the separate and
mixed household waste collection
system in urban and rural areas
Approval of County
and Local Councils

Modernized collection /
transport capacity
Modernization of the existing
collection and transport systems
Financial source
exists

Number of closed non-
complying landfills (according
to the plan)
Ceasing activity on non-complying
landfills in urban areas
Financial source
exists
Activity ceasing
on non-
complying
landfills Number of closed dumping
sites in rural areas
Closure and rehabilitation of dumping
sites in rural areas
Financial source
exists

Waste disposal
according to legal
requirements in
waste management
field, in order to
protect human
health and
environment
Assurance of
needed
capacities for
waste disposal,
by promoting
regional
disposal
facilities
Number (capacity) of disposal
facilities put in operation
Construction of regional complying
landfills

Promotion of waste disposal on
complying landfills
Financial source
exists

Reducing the
quantities of
landfilled
biodegradable
waste, according to
the legal
requirements
Achievement of
a composting
system for
green waste
(waste from
parks, gardens
and markets)
Number and capacity of
composting plants
Assurance of composting for the
whole quantity of biodegradable
waste generated from parks, gardens
(including cemeteries) and markets
Ban of landfilling of pure organic
waste (waste from parks, gardens,
cemeteries and markets)
Financial source
exists

December 19
th
, 2006 141
Assurance of
capacities or
enlargement of
the existing
ones for
biological
treatment of
waste, other
than those from
parks, gardens
and markets
biological treatment facilities
Assurance of the biodegradable
waste stream for covering the
capacities of biological treatment
facilities, by taking first waste from
restaurants, canteens, supermarkets
Financial source
exists

Establishing a
concept for
landfilling tax
for
biodegradable
municipal
waste and
applying of this
concept in the
areas where
methods for
treatment of
this waste
already exist
Differentiated tax for landfilling
of biodegradable waste
Establishment of a much higher tax
for biodegradable waste landfilling
Approval from
County and Local
Councils

sorting facilities for packaging
waste
Identifying of financial sources or
their securing in integrated waste
management systems

Recovery rate on each
material (%)
Monitoring and correcting in
accordance with national targets

Reaching of the
targets for material
and energy recovery
of packaging waste,
according to legal
requirements
Assurance of
the sorting
methods for
packaging
waste
Recycling rate on each
material (%)
Monitoring and correcting in
accordance with national targets

December 19
th
, 2006 142
Separate collection,
reuse, recycling and
recovery of
electronic and
electrical
equipments waste
Collection of
electronic and
electrical
equipments
waste
Average annual rate of
selective collection per
inhabitant to be in accordance
with legal provisions
Assurance of collecting conditions
Adequate
management of
sludge from
municipal
wastewater
treatment plants
observing strategic
principles and
environmental and
health impact
minimization
Prevention of
illegal dumping
or discharging
in surface water
Number of penalties / Number
o inspection
According to inspection schedule

143
Annexes:

Annex 1: Legislation

Annex 2: Accumulation lakes within Siret and Prut hydrographical basins
Crt
no
Accumulation name County Water
course
Useful
volume
(10
3
m
3
)
Usage
SIRET HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN
1 Rogojeti SV-BT Siret 26.000 Water supply
2
Bucecea SV-BT Siret 6.770
Water supply, irrigations,
hydroenergy
3 Pacani IS Siret 61.000 Water supply, irrigations
4 Galbeni BC Siret 12.000 Irrigations, hydroenergy
5 Rcciuni BC Siret 75.000 Irrigations, hydroenergy
6 Bereti BC Siret 75.000 Hydroenergy
7 Grniceti SV Horai 1.558 Irrigations, pisciculture
8
Solca SV Solcua 96
Water supply, flood
protection
9 erbui SV Htnua 982 Flood protection, pisciculture
10
M-rea Dragomirna SV
Dragomir
na
9 Pisciculture, recreation
11
Dragomirna SV
Dragomir
na
18.911 Water supply
12
omuz I Liteni SV
omuzu
Mare
1.296
Pisciculture, irrigations
13
omuz II Moara SV
omuzu
Mare
6.804
Flood protection,
pisciculture, irrigations
14 Tasca NT Bistria 370 Flow compensation
15 Fuzooind PN NT Cuejdiu 10 Flood protection
16
Izvorul Muntelui NT Bistrita 890.000
hydroenergy, pisciculture,
cribbing, recreation
17 Pangareti NT Bistrita 1.350 hydroenergy
18 Vaduri NT Bistrita 420 hydroenergy
19 Batca Doamnei NT Bistrita 2.750 Hydroenergy, water supply
20 Reconstructia NT Bistrita 100 hydroenergy
21 Racova BC Bistrita 4.500 Hydroenergy, irrigations
22 Garleni BC Bistrita 1.000 hydroenergy, irrigations
23 Lilieci BC Bistrita 1.400 hydroenergy, irrigations
24 Bacau II BC Bistrita 1.530 hydroenergy, irrigations
25 Redres. Aval BC II BC Bistrita 396 Water supply
26
Racatau BC Racatu 848
Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
27 Horgesti BC Racatau 1.130 irrigations, pisciculture
28 Poiana Uzului BC Uz 88.000 Water supply
TOTAL SIRET HB 1.279.230

December 19
th
, 2006

144
Crt
no
Accumulation
name
County Water
course
Useful
volume
(10
3
m
3
)
Usage
SIRET HYDROGRAPHIC PRUT
29 Stnca-Costeti
BT
Prut 450.000 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
30 Cal alb BT Baeu 4.950 Irrigations
31 Negreni BT Podriga 8.800 Water supply, irrigations,
32 Mileanca BT Jijia 5.100 Flood protection
33 Iezer BT Sitna 3.600 Flood protection
34 Ctmrti BT 75.200 irrigations
35 Dracani BT Sitna 6.700 Flood protection
36 Curteti BT Dresleuca 8.700 Irrigations
37 Cmpeni BT Miletin Flood protection
38 Iaz Stuceni BT Morica 1.400
39 Prcovaci
IS
Bahlui 6.000 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
40 Tansa
IS
Bahlui 8.900 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
41 Plopi IS Gurguiata 4.550 irrigations, pisciculture
42 Podu Iloaiei IS Bahlue 1.750 irrigations, pisciculture
43 Srca IS Valea Oii 3.000 irrigations, pisciculture
44 Cucuteni IS Voineti 3.000 irrigations, pisciculture
45 Ciurea IS Nicolina - Flood protection
46 Brca IS Locii - Flood protection
47 Ciurbeti IS Locii 2.460 Irrigations, pisciculture
48 Cornet IS Cornet - Flood protection
49 Ezreni IS Cornet 720 Pisciculture
50 Crlig IS Cacaina - Flood protection
51 Vntori IS Crlig - Flood protection
52 Aroneanu IS Ciric 1.080 Pisciculture
53 Ciric III (Veneia) IS Ciric 250 Pisciculture
54 Chiria IS Chiria 5.000 Water supply
55 Rediu IS Fundu Vii 300 Irrigations, pisciculture
56 Hlceni
IS
Miletin 11.800 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
57 Tungujei IS Sacov 7.100 Water supply, pisciculture
58 Czneti
VS
Durduc 5.532 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
59 Soleti
VS
Vaslui 15.559 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
60 Pucai VS Racova 6.251 Pisciculture
61 Rpa Albastr
VS
Simila 8.876 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
62 Cuibul Vulturilor
VS
Tutova 6.646 Water supply, irrigations,
pisciculture
63 Mnjeti VS Crasna 10.010 Irrigations, pisciculture
TOTAL SIRET 1.943.764

December 19
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, 2006

145
Annex 3: Protected Areas
Crt Name Surface
(ha)
Location
Bacu - 12 9.719,7
1 Natural Rezervation Naturala Nemira 3.491,20 Darmanesti, Dofteana, Slanic
Moldova
2 Natural Rezervation Izvorul Alb 21,00 Darmanesti
3 Natural Rezervation Magura-Targu Ocna 89,70 Targu Ocna
4 Natural Rezervation Balatau Lake 4,83 Darmanesti
5 Natural Rezervation Bucias 471,00 Manastirea Casin
6 Natural Rezervation Perchiu 206,47 Onesti
7 Natural Rezervation Arsura 35,50 Margineni
8 Aria de Protectie Speciala Avifaunistica
Lilieci Lake
262,00 Hemeiusi, Beresti-Bistrita
Lacul Bacau II
202,00 Bacau
Lacul Galbeni
1132,00 Letea Veche, Nicolae
Balcescu, Tamasi
Lacul Racaciuni
2004,00 Racaciuni, Pancesti, Horgesti,
Tamasi, Cleja
Lacul Beresti
1800,00 Orbeni, Valea Seaca, Sascut,
Corbasca, Tatarasti
Botoani - 9 3.225
1 Pdurea Ciornohal 76,5 Com. Clrai
2 Rezervaie de tisa -Tudora 119 Com. Tudora
3 Ariniul de la Horlceni 5 Com. Sendriceni
4 Fgetul secular Stuhoasa 60,5 Com. Suharu
5 Turbria Dersca 10 Com. Dersca, sat Lozna
6 Rezervaia floristic Bucecea-Blile
Siretului
2 Bucecea
7 Rezervaia floristic Stnca-Ripiceni
(Schiwereckia podolica)
1 Com. Ripiceni
8 Rezervaia floristic Stnca-tefneti
(Schiwereckia podolica)
1 Com. Stefneti
9 Arie de protecie special avifaunistic Lac
Stnca Costeti
2.950 Comunele Mitoc, Manoleasa,
Ripiceni, Stnca
Iai - 16
1 Balta Bltu
2 Eleteele Jijiei i Miletinului (Vldeni)
3 Grla Veche a Blii Teiva-Viina
4 Lunca Prutului i Jijiei
5 Pdurea Medeleni
6 Pdurea Brnova-Repedea
7 Pdurea Brnova-Repedea
8 Pdurea Rocani
9 Pdurea i pajitile de la Mrzeti - Iai
December 19
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, 2006

146
10 Pdurea Uricani
11 Rul Prut
12 Rezervaia Natural Valea lui David
13 Srturile din Valea Ilenei
14 Acumulrile Belceti
15 Lunca Siretului Mijlociu
16 Pdurea Irmolea-Homia
Neam - 31 58.788,7
1 Parcul Naional Ceahlu 7742,5 Ceahlu
2 Parcul Naional Cheile Bicazului-Hma 6575 Bicaz-Chei
3 Parc natural Vntori 30818 Judeul Neam, Judeul
Suceava
4 Rezervaia forestier Dobreni 37 Dobreni
5 Rezervaia forestier Goman 175 Tarcu
6 Rezervaia forestier Codrii de aram 7 Agapia
7 Rezervaia forestier Pdurea de argint 2 Agapia
8 Rezervaia floristic Dealul Vulpii- Botoaia 2 Piatra Neam
9 Rezervaia faunistic Brate 5 Tarcu
10 Rezervaia faunistic Borca 0,2 Borca
11 Polia cu crini PN-J 0,1 Ceahlu
12 Cascada Duruitoarea PN-J 1 Ceahlu
13 Cheile Bicazului PN-I 10 Bicaz-Chei
14 Stnca erbeti 90 tefan cel Mare
15 Piatra Teiului 198,2 Poiana Teiului
16 Petera Toorog 39,5 Bicazu Ardelean
17 Petera Munticelu 1 Bicazu Ardelean
18 Locul fosilifer Cozla 10 Piatra Neam
19 Cheile ugului 1,2 Bicaz Chei
20 Locul fosilifer Cernegura 150 Piatra Neam
21 Locul fosilifer Pietricica 39,5 Piatra Neam
22 Locul fosilifer Agrcia 1 Piatra Neam
23 Rezervatie naturala Pngarai 2 Pngarai
24 Rezervatie naturala Prul Borcua 1,2 Borca
25 Rezervatie naturala Lacul Izvorul Muntelui 150 Bicaz
26 Rezervatie naturala Lacul Cuejdel 114 Com. Garcina
27 Rezervatie naturala Codrul Secular Runc 57,6 Com. Bahna
28 Rezervatie naturala Secu 776,7 Com. Ceahlau
29 Arie de protectie speciala avifaunistica
Lacul Pangarati
153 Com. Pangarati
30 Arie de protectie speciala avifaunistica
Lacul Vaduri
119 Com. Alexandru cel Bun
31 Rezervatia de zimbri Neamt 11500 Com. Vanatori- Neamt
Suceava - 22 4504,676
December 19
th
, 2006

147
1 Doisprezece Apostoli PN-K 192,579 Dorna Candrenilor
2 Moara Dracului 2,15 Cmpulung Moldovenesc
3 Piatra ibului 20,30 Crlibaba
4 Tinovul Poiana Stampei 681,8 Poiana Stampei
5 Fneele montane Todirescu 30,4 Stulpicani
6 Tinovul aru Dornei 41,2 aru Dornei
7 Fneele seculare Ponoare 25,6 Bosanci
8 Fneele seculare Frumoasa 9,5 Moara
9 Tinovul Gina-Lucina 1,16 Moldova Sulia
10 Pdurea (Quercetumul) Crujana 39,4 Ptrui
11 Pietrele Doamnei-Raru 971 Pojorta, Crucea
12 Codrul secular Sltioara 1064,2 Stulpicani
13 Codrul secular Giumalu 309,50 Pojorta
14 Rchitiul Mare 116,4 Breaza
15 Fgetul Dragomirna 134,8 Mitocul Dragomirnei
16 Pdurea Zamostea- Lunc 122,057 Zamostea
17 Cheile Zugrenilor 314 Dorna Arini, Crucea
18 Cheile Lucavei 34,1 Moldova Sulia
19 Jnepeni cu Pinus cembra 384 aru Dornei
20 Piatra Pinului i Piatra oimului 3,03 Gura Humorului
21 Stratele cu Aptychus de la Pojorta 0,5 Pojorta
22 Fneele seculare de la Calafindeti 7,0 Calafindeti
Vaslui - 9 190,36
1 Movila lui Burcel 12,0 com. Miclesti
2 Faneata de la Glodeni 6,0 oras Negresti, sat. Glodeni
3 Coasta Rupturile Tanacu 6,0 com. Tanacu;
4 Padurea Badeana 58,6 com Tutova;
5 Seaca - Movileni 44,1 com. Coroiesti;
6 Padurea Balteni 18,8 com. Balteni
7 Padurea Harboanca 40,8 Com. Stefan cel Mare;
8 Locul fosilifer Nisiparia Hulubat 0,06 mun. Vaslui;
9 Locul fosilifer Malusteni 4,0 com. Malusteni

December 19
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, 2006

148
Annex 4: Treatment plants for recovery
Name of
company
Location
Type of equipment

Environment
authorisatio
n
(yes/no)
Designed
capacity
(t/year)
Type of
processed
waste
Bacu County
- hydraulic press 65
TF
YES
400
Plastic
- Tabareli press Tip
RB 5000E
YES
10.000
Scrap
SOMA SRL
Bacu

Bacu
str. Al. Tolstoi nr. 6

- hydraulic press YES
1.000
Paper
REMAT SA
Bacu
Platform
betonat
Bacu, str. Izvoare
nr. 107

- transport
equipment,
- Press,
- other equipment
YES
10.500
Steel, cast
iron
REMAT SA
Bacu
Magazie hrtie
Bacu, str. Izvoare
nr. 107

- transport
equipment,
- other equipment
YES
250
Paper,
cardboard
REMAT SA
Bacu
Magazie
neferoase
Bacu, str. Izvoare
nr. 107

- transport
equipment,
- other equipment
YES
1.400
Copper,
aluminium,
brass,
Bronze, lead
REMAT SA
Bacu Punct
de lucru Oneti,
Platform
betonat
Oneti, str.
Mreti nr. 3
- transport
equipment,
- Press,
- other equipment
YES
8.500
Steel, cast
iron
REMAT SA
Bacu Punct
de lucru Oneti
Magazie Hrtie
Oneti, str.
Mreti nr. 3
- transport
equipment,
- other equipment
YES
40
Paper,
cardboard
REMAT SA
Bacu Punct
de lucru Oneti
Magazie
neferoase
Oneti, str.
Mreti nr. 3
- transport
equipment,
- other equipment
YES
230
Copper,
aluminium,
brass,
Bronze, lead
REMAT SA
Bacu Punct
de lucru
Comneti
Platform
betonat
Comneti - transport
equipment,
- Press,
- other equipment
YES
.000
Steel, cast
iron
REMAT SA
Punct de lucru
Comneti
Magazie Hrtie
Comneti, str.
Florilor nr. 1
- transport
equipment,
- other equipment
YES
50
Paper,
cardboard
REMAT SA
Punct de lucru
Comneti
Magazie
neferoase
Comneti, str.
Florilor nr. 1
- transport
equipment,
- other equipment
YES
280
Copper,
aluminium,
brass,
Bronze, lead
MATREC
IMPEX SRL
com. tefan cel
Mare
jud. Bacu
- transport
equipment,
- Press,
- other equipment
YES
2.893
Ferrous
metals
GOSPOMAS
SA Oneti
Staie topit
Oneti
Str. Zeme nr. 1
- other equipment YES
338
Cast iron
December 19
th
, 2006

149
font
GOSPOMAS
SA Oneti
Main injectat
mase plastice
Oneti
Str. Zeme nr. 1
- Press YES
0,3
Plastic
TROTUSUL
SOCOM Oneti
nitate
colectare deeu
hrtie/carton
Oneti
Str. Republicii nr. 53
- Press
- other equipment
YES
540
Paper
IRICAD SRL
Galai - Punct
de lucru Bacu
nitate
colectare
deeuri feroase
Com. Gura Vii, jud.
Bacu
- transport
equipment,
- Press,
- other equipment
YES
5.000
Ferrous
ANDREI SNC
Bacu
nitate
colectare deeu
Hrtie
Bacu
Str. Izvoare nr. 13
Bis
- hydraulic press,
- transport
equipment
YES
4.000
Paper
Botoani County
REMAT SA
Botoani 5
puncte de lucru

Str. Manolesti Deal
3A
-balance bridge
-weighing machine
-Cutting machines
-Iron bailling press
UNIO
-Paper bailling press
PH20
- transport
equipment
-loading equipment
YES
19.000
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard,
wood, tyres,
plastic,
bateries
NADEX SRL
Botoani
Botoani
str. Manoleti Deal
37
-weighing machine YES
70
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard,
textile,
plastic,
bateries
REMAT SA
Iai, punct de
lucru Botoani
Iai,
B-dul Chimiei 14
-balance weighing
-press
-cutting equipment
- transport
equipment
-weighing machines
-loading equipment
YES
8.000
Ferrous
metals, auto
bateries
DANIMET
EXIM SRL
Botoani
Str. Alexandru cel
Bun 45
-semiautomatic
weighing machine
0.5 to
- transport
equipment
YES
800
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard
ATRA ECO
SRL Ilfov
Loc. Chiajna, jud.
Ilfov
-shreder PET YES
200
Plastic,
packaging
ELIASC SRL
Botoani 2
puncte de lucru
Str. Alba Iulia 2, bl.
D19, sc. C, ap.1,
Botoani
- weighing machine
-paper balling press
- transport
YES
1.100
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
December 19
th
, 2006

150
equipment waste;
paper and
cardboard,
plastic,
rubber,
textile
BELCARO SRL
Botoani 4
puncte de lucru

Str. Alexandru cel
Bun 6, Botoani

125
Ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard,
plastic,
bateries
LETONA SRL
Botoani 2
puncte de lucru

Str. Uzinei 5,
Botoani
-weighing machine YES
700
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard
MEDIAPRESS
SRL Botoani
Aleea Kogalniceanu
4, Botoani
YES
200
paper
GOLDANA SRL
Botoani 7
puncte de lucru

Str. Petru Rares 26,
Botoani
-iron sheet bailling
press
-paper balling press
-btip-lorries
-cuttion equipment
- transport
equipment
-loading equipment
YES
25.500
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard,
tyres,
bateries
Judeul Iai
REMAT S.A.
Iai
- working
points: Iai,
Pacani,
Tg.Frumos,
Hrlu
B-dul Chimiei nr.
14, Iai
- hydraulic tin plate
press (250 tf):
1piece;
- mobile hydraulic tin
plate press (90 tf):
1piece;
- hydraulic non-
ferrous press (55 tf):
1piece;
- hydraulic paper
press
GUALCHERANI (20
tf):1 piece;
- hydraulic paper
press DIXI (30 tf):1
piece;
- hydraulic paper
press PH 12 (12
tf):1 piece;
- plastic shreder
machine (0,5 t/h): 1
piece;
- plastic-textile press
(1,2 t/h):1 piece;
- crane (12 tf): 4
pieces;
- Renault Autotractor
with semitrailer 2,5 t:
8 pieces. - bowl
loaders :2 pieces;
YES
20.000

1.800

8.000

800

1.200

50

800

Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard;
Plastic;
Rubber
waste;
Textile
waste;
glass

December 19
th
, 2006

151
- transport
equipment 1,2-7,5 t:
5 pieces;
- gas flue cutting
machines: 20 pieces
RECUPERARE
SRL Pacani,
Pacani, Str. Garii,
Nr.32 B,
Cod 705200
- transport
equipment
(truck: 7 tonnes): 1
piece
- balance weighing
30 tonnes: 1piece
- weighing machine
500 Kg: 1 piece
- loading equipment
IFRON: 1piece
YES
5000

50

50
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
metalic
waste;
paper and
cardboard;
IRICAD SRL
GALATI
working point:
IAI,

Loc.Lunca Cetuii,
Com. Ciurea,
jud.Iai, Cod
707085
- hydraulic electric
press (mobile): 1
piece ;
- bowl loader (1500
t): 1piece;
- cutting machines: 1
piece;
- balance weighing
(30 t): 1piece;
- balance weighing
(1 t): 2 pieces;
- balance weighing
(0.5 t): 4 pieces
YES
500
metals
GOLDANA SRL
Botosani-
working point
Iai ,

Iai, os.
Bucium,Nr.53,
Cod 700281
-paper and
cardboard manul
ballling machine
YES
10
Cardboard
and paper
GLOBAL
ECOCENTER
SRL Iai,

Iai, Str.Uzinei,
Nr.52, Cod 700014

- IVECO Eurocargo
car capacit. 8 t: 1
piece
- IVECO Daily car
capacit. 1,5 t: 2
pieces
- Dacia Furgon
capacit. 600 kg: 1
piece
- tank capacity 10
tonnes: 1 piece
- rented vehicles
(with ADR) from
Transchim Ploieti
(truks, tanks,
capacity 20 25
tonnes)
- 2 tanks with
capacity of 25 cm/
piece
- 2 tanks with
capacity of 50 cm/
piece
- 10 tanks with
capacity of 1
tonne/piece
- balance weighing
YES
3000
Used
mineral oils ;
Sludge from
wastewater
treatment
plant
Industrial
sludge
used
emultions ;
plastic ;
metalic
packaging ;
textile waste
paper waste
rubber
waste ;
construction
materials
with content
of
azbestos ;
industrial
sludge ;
liquid and
solid
chemical
December 19
th
, 2006

152
machine
- 2 drilling machines
- 1 tool bag
- 4 pumps (different
models and
capacities)

substances;
used water;
fats and
food oils ;
used vehicle
filters;
paints ;
glass;
other waste.
PREDEMET SA
Podul Iloaiei
Podul Iloaiei,
Str. Scobleni ,
Nr.2,
Cod 707365
- loading-unloading
equipment
- rolling bridge12,5
tf: 7 pieces ;
- balance press
BECKER (HVP6)
1000 tf ;
- balance press
BECKER (HVP1)
350 tf
- scisors CUPEX
800 tf ;
- truck7 tonnes: 1
piece ;
- Autotractor 26
tonnes: 2 pieces ;
- Tractor U 650: 1
piece ;
- Autotip-up truck16
tonnes: 1 piece
YES
120.000

940

130

130
Ferrous
metalic
waste; non-
ferrous
metalic
waste;
plastic;
paper and
cardboard
IND-DOR S.A.
GRUP C.F.
Tg.Frumos

Tg.Frumos ,
Str.Cuza Vod,
Nr.56;
Cod 705300
- loading-unloading
equipment: 2
pieces ;
- balance tin plate
press: 1 piece ;
- transport
equipment: 3
pieces ;
- weighing machine:
2 pieces
YES
4.000
Metalic
waste
COMPIL SA
VASLUI
working point
Iai
BRLAD, Str.
Palermo, Nr.2,
Jud.Vaslui,

- IFRON
- balance machine
for tin table: 1piece ;
- balance machine
for paper: 1 piece ;
- balance weighing
machine (500 Kg): 5
pieces ;
- SAVIN crane:
1piece ;
- truck 50 tonnes: 1
piece ;
- trailer truck : 2
pieces ;
- Semitrailers: 2
pieces
YES
120
Ferrous
metalic
waste
COLECT
METAL SRL
Iai

Iai ,Calea
Chiinului, km.1
(incinta TMUCB)

- balance tin table
press (65 tf): 1 piece
- crane 3 piece
- Autotractors (20
tone): 6 pieces
YES
26.500

100
Ferrous and
non-ferrous
waste
December 19
th
, 2006

153
- truck (10 tonnes): 1
piece
- Autocrane JELEJ:
1 piece
VRANCART
S.A. ADJUD
working
pointIai
Iai, Calea
Chisinaului nr.6,
Cod 700181;

- transport
equipment for
papers: 3pieces , put
of wich:
2 pieces-1,5 t ;
1 piece-2,5 t ;
- balance press : 1
piece
- frontal loader
IFRON:piece
YES
4.000
Paper and
cardboard
NEFERO-COM
SRL Iai

Iai, B-dul Chimie
nr.14,

YES

Ferrous and
nonferrous
waste
Neam County
Working point:
Piatra Neam, str.
G-ral Dsclescu,
nr. 287
- transport
equipment
- press
- other equipment

YES
5.688
Iron
Working point:
Piatra Neam, str.
G-ral Dsclescu,
nr. 287
- transport
equipment
- press

YES
1.363
Paper
Working point:
Bicaz, str. Uzinei,
nr. 1
- transport
equipment
- other equipment

YES
768
Iron
Working point:
Roman, str.
Nordului, nr. 2
- transport
equipment
- other equipment

YES
1.224
Iron
SC REMAT SA
Neam
Working point:
Tg. Neam, str.
Castanilor, nr.8
- transport
equipment
- other equipment

YES
252
Iron
SC REMAT SA
Roman
Roman, str.
Nordului, nr. 2
- transport
equipment
- press
YES
264
Paper
SC REMAT
S.A.
Tg. Neam
Tg. Neam, str.
Castanilor, nr. 8
- transport
equipment
- press
YES
57,6
Paper
Suceava County
SC DIAIL
SERVICE SRL
Suceava
Suceava, str.
Grigore Al Ghica,
nr.18
- hydraulic press YES
120
Paper,
cardboard,
plastic
packaging
SC COREMAT
IS SRL
Flticeni
Flticeni, str.
Topitoriei, fn
- hydraulic press
- hydraulic press
YES 1.200

2.400
Paper,
cardboard,
metals
SC OMT
METAL SRL
Gura Humorului
Gura Humorului,
str. Grii
Pltinoasa, fn
- hydraulic press
- hydraulic press
YES 100

2.500
Paper,
cardboard,
metals
SC COM
REMAT SRL
Iai
Punct de lucru:
Suceava, Calea
Unirii, nr.14
- hydraulic press
- hydraulic press
YES 100

4.800
Paper,
cardboard
metals
December 19
th
, 2006

154
SC
EVESICRAN
SRL Suceava
Suceava, Str.
Grigore Al. Ghica,
nr.12
- hydraulic press
YES 2.000
Paper,
cardboard
SC DEMARDA
SRL Suceava
Suceava Str.
Rulmentului, f n
- hydraulic press
YES
2.000
Paper,
cardboard
SC SIMOTAB
SRL Suceava
Suceava, Gara
Suceava Vest
- mecanic press YES
800
Paper,
cardboard
SC NICOTEX
SRL Suceava
Suceava, str.
Mirui, nr.19
- hydraulic press
- manual press
YES
720

Paper,
cardboard,
metals

SC
COMREMAT
SRL Vatra
Dornei
Vatra Dornei, str.
Bistriei, nr. 2A
- manual press YES
120
Paper,
cardboard
SC MARICOL
SRL
Suceava, Calea
Unirii, nr, 35
- manual press YES
120
Paper,
cardboard
SC REBONA
SRL Suceava
Suceava,str.
Grigore Al Ghica,
nr12
- manual press YES
60
Paper,
cardboard
SC
SCHIPOREMA
T SRL Rdui
Rdui, incinta
staiei CFR Rdui
- manual press YES
60
Paper,
cardboard
SC LEVINCO
IMPEX SRL
Suceava
Suceava, Calea
Unirii, nr 31L
manual press YES
1500
Paper,
cardboard
SC
PRESCONT
SRL Flticeni
Flticeni, str.
Armatei, nr.3
- oven for melting
glass
YES
250
Glass
pieces
Vaslui County
REMAT SA
Vaslui
Working points:
Vaslui,
Brlad,
Hui
Vaslui, str.Podul
Inalt, nr.9
-balance press for
PET
-balance press for
paper
-welding machine for
cutting
- weighing machine
YES

- ferrous
and non-
ferrous
metals
- paper
- plastic
COMPPIL SA
Brlad
Working points :
Brlad,
Vaslui,
Negreti

Brlad,
Str.Palermo, nr.2
- balance press for
paper
-balance press for tin
table
-weighing machine
-welding machine for
cutting

YES

- ferrous
and non-
ferrous
metals
- paper
- plastic

Annex 5 - Costs
Annex 5-1. Unit Cost Database
Investment Crt. Description Unit
Min Aver
age
Max
Influence Factors
December 19
th
, 2006

155
Min Aver
age
Max
Influence Factors
1. INVESTMENTS FOR
COLLECTION AND
TRANSPORT

1.1. Investment for collection in
urban areas

1.1.1. Investment for collection
points (construction of fenced
area for storing waste
containers)
euro/person 5.20 6.35 7.50Population scattering level,
number of person addressed
by a collection point, number
of inhabitants living in block of
flats, collection frequency
1.1.2. Investment for containers
(supply of different types of
containers; size is dependable
of number of inhabitants using
one container, selection at
source strategy, etc)
euro/person 0.70 1.35 2.00Collection strategy, collection
frequency
equipment (supply of different
types of collection vehicles)
frequency, households
scattering level, total street
lengths to be covered,
distance to destination point
(WMC or TS)
1.1.4. Investments for brink centers
(construction of fenced areas,
covered with asphalt or
cement; medium size
euro/person 1.00 1.50 2.00Collection strategy, selection-
at-source level, urban areas
scattering level
1.2. Investment for collection in
rural areas

points (construction of fenced
area for storing waste
containers)
euro/person 4.00 4.50 5.00Population scattering level,
number of person addressed
by a collection point, number
of inhabitants living in blocks
of flats, collection frequency
1.2.2. Investment for containers
(supply of different types of
containers; size is dependable
of number of inhabitants using
one container, selection at
source strategy, etc)
frequency
equipment (supply of different
types of collection vehicles)
frequency, households
scattering level, total street
lenghts to be covered,
distance to destination point
(WMC or TS)
1.3. Investment for transfer
1.3.1. Investment for transfer
stations (constructions of
fenced areas, with a ramp
inside; collection vehicles will
use the ramp to unload the
waste into larger containers
situated near the ramp)
euro/person 0.80 1.60 2.40Transfer frequency, distance
to main road, site
characteristics, distance to
electricity supply
1.3.2. Investment for transport
vehicles (supply of large
capacity transport equipment)
euro/person 5.00 10.00 15.00Transfer frequency, distance
from transfer stations to final
WMC, road condition
December 19
th
, 2006

156
Min Aver
age
Max
Influence Factors
2. INVESTMENTS FOR WASTE
MANAGEMENT CENTER

2.1. Preparation of
technological platform

2.1.1. Investment for access road
construction of an access
road to the facility,
dimensioned for the large
capacity and collection
vehicles to WMC)
euro/m
2
40.00 50.00 60.00Existing access, terrain
topology
2.1.2. Investment for water supply
(connection to an existing
water network)
euro/m 35.00 37.50 40.00Distance to nearest available
water source, terrain topology
2.1.3. Investment for own water
supply (construction of own
catchment and water supply
system)
euro/unit 25,00
0
32,50
0
40,00
0
Availability of underground
water sources, depth
2.1.4. Investment for sewer
connection (connection to an
existing sewerage system)
euro/m 60.00 70.00 80.00Distance to nearest sewer
connection/natural receiving
body, terrain topology
2.1.5. Investment for electrical
power supply connection to
medium voltage power lines)
euro/m 60.00 65.00 70.00Distance to nearest medium
level electricity line, topology
2.1.6. Investment for transformation
point (construction of a
transformer for lowering the
voltage)
euro/WMC 25,00
0
27,50
0
30,00
0
Installed power for WMC
2.2. MBT Investment
2.2.1. Investment for sorting plant
(construction of a facility
comprising magnetic bailer,
conveyor belt, automatic
sorting of various recyclables,
etc)
euro/t 30,00
0.00
55,00
0.00
80,00
0.00
Site availability, proposed
technology, collection strategy
2.2.2. Investment for composting
area (construction of an
aerobic/anaerobic composting
facility and endowment with
various mechanical
equipment: shredder,
conveyor belt, etc)
euro/t 15,00
0.00
16,50
0.00
18,00
0.00
Site availability, proposed
technology, climacteric
conditions, collection strategy
2.2.3. Investment for MBT
equipment (supply of various
equipment: front loader,
turning machine, etc)
euro/plant 1,000
,000
1,150
,000
1,300
,000
Received quantities
2.3. Landfill Investment
2.3.1. Investment for site
organization (organize the
necessary earthworks for the
next landfill: shaping,
completion of natural clay
barrier, protection dams, etc)
euro/m
3
1.50 5.75 10.0Topographical and
geotechnical conditions,
existence and quality of
natural clay barrier, distance
from available clay pit
December 19
th
, 2006

157
Min Aver
age
Max
Influence Factors
2.3.2. Investment for insulation
(organize the insulation layers
according to the technical
norms: drainage layer,
geomembrane, etc.)
euro/m
2
40.0 45.0 50.0Topology, insulation type
2.3.3. Investment for landfill
equipment (supply of various
equipment: front loader
buldozer, compactor, etc, for
an incoming waste stream of
maximum 350 t/day)
euro/landfill 1,000
,000
1,150
,000
1,300
,000
Received quantities
2.3.4. Investment for leachate
treatment (construction of a
waste water treatment unit for
the leachate arriving from the
landfill)
euro/m
2
100.0 150.0 200.0Discharge conditions,
technological option
2.3.5. Investment for monitoring
equipment (construction of
well for monitoring the quality
of underground waters up and
down stream of the landfill)
euro/landfill 10,00
0
12,50
0
15,00
0
Topography of the landfill and
surrounding area,
requirements of EPA
2.4. Annex facilities for waste
management center

2.4.1. Investment for weighing
bridge (construction of an
entry point to measure the
received waste quantities)
euro/Waste
Manageme
nt
Component
4000
0
4502
0
9000
0
Selected technological option,
capacity
2.4.2. Investment for administrative
building (construction of a
building to be used by
administrative and
management personnel; this
will also comprise a
laboratory)
euro/WMC 75,00
0
162,5
00
250,0
00
Topographical and
laboratory endowment
2.4.3. Investment for washing
station (organize an area for
cleaning the vehicles arriving
to the facility)
euro/WMC 25,00
0.
27,50
0.0
30,00
0.00
Topographical and
equipment type
2.4.4. Investment for maintenance
workshop (this building will
also be used as parking area
for the working equipment)
euro/WMC 70,00
0.
85,00
0
100,0
00
Topographical and
equipment type
3. CLOSURE OF EXISTING
LANDFILLS AND
DUMPSITES

3.1. Closure of existing authorized
and non-compliant landfills
euro/m
2
50.00 60.0 70.0Topographical and
specific environmental issues
3.2. Cleaning of illegal dumping
sites
euro/m
3
1.00 3.00 5.00Deposited quantities,
scattering level of the
deposited waste, access to
the area
Source of the Data: FINAL REPORT, Technical Assistance for the Elaboration of the
Environmental Cost Assessment and Investment Plan, Phare Project RO 0107.15.03, drafted by
Consortium: Eptisa Internacional, Regional Environmental Center, 29 September 2005.
December 19
th
, 2006

158

159
Annex 5-2. Regional Infrastructure for waste management in Region 1

Estimates
Descrierea
elementului
de
infrastructura
Element de infrastructura Unitatea
de masura
2003
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
nr. 3 5 12 1 2 4 1

Depozite de vor fi inchise
Suprafata
(ha)
21 17 34,9 2,2 5,4 23,2 4,2
nr.
Depozit nou Neamt Capacitate,
1000 t
300
Depozit nou Bacau Capacitate,
1000 t/an
165
Depozit nou Iasi Capacitate,
1000 t/an
200
Depozit Botasani Capacitate,
1000 t/an
70
Depozit Suceava Capacitate,
1000 t/an
160
Depozit zonal Vaslui Capacitate,
1000 t/an
90
60 l bins nr. 9998
Recipienti din plastic cu roti
de 120 l
nr. 13335 13000
240l 21000 2728 21000 58000
Euro containere de metal
de 660l
nr. 4413
Euro containere de metal
de 1,1 mc
nr. 4397 41974 863 6806 10083
Alte recipiente de colectare
a de;eurilor 4-4,5 m
nr. 3291 67
Vehicule de colectare 15m nr. 93
December 19
th
, 2006 160

Estimates
Descrierea
elementului
de
infrastructura
Element de infrastructura Unitatea
de masura
2003
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Vehicule de colectare
14m
nr. 16 1 5
Vehicule de colectare 8m nr. 2 3
Tractor cu remorca nr. 95
Autocamioane 12m nr. 44 1
Skip 4m nr. 89 2
Puncte de Colectare nr. 89
nr. 1 4

Statii de Transfer
t/an 13833 55000
nr. 1 20 2 5

Statii de Sortare
t/an 7000 200000 20500 50000
nr. 1 2 15

Statii de Compostare
t/an 25000 9750 145000
Nr. abnonati la serviciul de
salubritate
nr.
Populatia acoperita de
serviciul de salubritate
nr. 1,272898 2195858 2667803 3105580 323858 3423315 3562817 3665094
Total Populatie nr. 3743819 3713506 3705282 3697120 3689021 3680984 3673008 3665094
Source: Data from EPA, ISPA Financing Memorandum and consultant estimate
*part of ISPA investment programme
Detailed calculation of the Investment Costs could be found in the Excel file attached to the Regional Waste
management Plan.

Annex 5-3. Unit costs in Urban and Rural areas, for waste management (/ton)
December 19
th
, 2006 161
Waste Management Unit Unit cost (/ton)
Dense Urban Urban Rural
Investment O&M Investment O&M Investment O&M
Landfill 9.30 3.00 9.30 3.00 9.30 3.00
Composting facility 33.63 28.11 33.63 28.11 33.63 28.11
Incinerator 60.00 50.00 60.00 50.00 60.00 50.00
Sorting facility 20.48 30.72 20.48 30.72 20.48 30.72
Simple sorting unit for Construction & Demolition
(C&D) waste
3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00
Bio-mechanical treatment unit with Refuse-Derived
Fuel (RDF)
22.31 32.02 22.31 32.02 22.31 32.02
Transfer station 0 0 0.16 2.53 0.16 2.53
Bulk haulage from transfer
Dry recyclables

2.63

4.21

2.63

4.08

2.87

4.42
Biodegradable 1.05 1.68 1.05 1.63 1.15 1.77
Residual 1.31 2.10 1.31 2.04 1.44 2.21
Glass 0.58 0.93 0.58 0.91 0.64 0.98
C&D waste 0.55 0.89 0.55 0.86 0.61 0.93
Collection of glass from bring sites 4.10 4.21 4.10 4.21 4.10 4.21
Collection of dry recyclables from bring sites 8.90 25.30 8.90 25.30 8.90 25.30
Collection of biodegradable waste from households 0.74 3.00 0.74 3.00 0.74 3.00
Collection of dry recyclables from households 9.00 30.00 9.00 30.00 9.00 30.00

162
Annex 5-4. UNIT COSTS FOR LANDFILL CLOSURE (/HA)
Closure in compliance
with landfill directive
Investment
(/ha)
Spread cost
over (years)
O&M for closed
sites
(/year/ha)
Maintain O&M
for (years)
Dense Urban landfill 200,000 2 4500 20
Town landfill 150,000 2 2500 20

Closure not in compliance with landfill
directive
Investme
nt (/ha)
Spread
cost over
(years)
O&M
(/year/ha)
Maintain O&M
for (years)
Dense Urban landfill closed prior to
2007
150,000 2 500 20
Town landfill closed after 2007 150,000 2 500 20
Rural landfill 13,488 1 0 0

Annex 5-5. UNIT COST CALCULATION FOR COMPOSTING FACILITY (/t)
INVESTMENT Investment () Payback Period
(years)
Rate (%) Annualised
cost (/year)
Unit costs
(/t)
Land 414,000 7 29,000 0.73
Site development 320,000 25 7 27,500 0.69
Process buildings 6,153,000 25 7 528,000 13.20
Technical installations and
machinery
3,911,000 15 7 429,400 10.74
Mobile machinery 205,000 8 7 34,200 0.65
Electro technical installations 1,237,000 15 7 135,900 3.39
Fees 1,065,000 20 7 100,500 2.51
Pre-financing 643,000 20 7 60,700 1.52
Total Investment 13,947,000 1,345,100 33.63
OPERATION, independent of input Percentage (%) Annualised costs
(/year)
Unit costs
(/t)
Process buildings 6,473,000 1 64,700 1.62
Technical installations and
machinery
3,911,000 4 154,900 3.91
Mobile machinery 205,000 8 16,400 0.41
Electro technical installations 1,237,000 2.5 30,900 0.77
Taxes and insurances 12,240,000 1 122,400 3.06
Management 188,000 10 18,800 0.47
Auxiliary materials 268,000 5 13,400 0.34
number /person
Labour 5.25 35,800 187,900 4.70
Total 611,000 15.28
OPERATION, input dependent
Electricity 1,650 MWh/year 81.8/MWh 135,000 3.37
Fuel 25 m
3
/year 485.7/m
3
12,100 0.30
Treatment of residuals 100 Kg/t input 4,000 t/year 91.5/t 366,100 9.15
Total 513,200 12.83
Total O&M 28.11

December 19
th
, 2006

163
Annex 5-6. UNIT COST CALCULATION FOR GRATE INCINERATOR (/t)
INVESTMENT Investment () Payback
Period (year)
Rate (%) Annualised cost
(/year)
Unit costs
(/t)
Costs of land 368,000 7 25,700 0.13
Development of site 341,000 25 7 29,200 0.15
Construction costs 21,629,000 25 7 1,856,000 9.28
Technical installations and machinery 69,740,000 15 7 7,657,100 38.29
Electro technical installations 13,280,000 15 7 1,458,000 7.29
Fees 5,559,000 17 7 300,000 1.50
Pre-financing 7,279,000 17 7 676,000 3.38
Total Investment 12,000,000 60,00
OPERATION, independent of input Percentage (%) Annualised costs
(/year)
Unit costs
(/t)
Construction 21,970,000 1 219,700 1.10
Technical installations and machinery 69,740,000 4 2,789,600 13.95
Electro technical installations 13,280,000 2,5 332,000 1.66
Taxes and insurances 105,357,000 1 1,053,600 5.27
Management 2,863,000 10 286,300 1.43
Auxiliary materials 3,341,000 5 167,100 0.83
number /person
Labour 80 21800 1,744,000 8,72
Total 6,592,000 32.96
OPERATION, input dependent
Process Water 51,200 m
3
/year 0.15/m
3
7,900 0.04
Gas 1,381,440 0.20 282,500 1.41
CaO 1000 ton/year 79.2/t 79,200 0.40
Ammonia 400 97.1 38,900 0.19
Treatment of slag 334 Kg/t input 66,800 t/year 28.1/t 1,878,500 9.39
Treatment of ashes 8 Kg/t input 1,600 t/year 255.6/t 409,000 2.05
Treatment of Filters dust and others 22 Kg/t input 4,400 t/year 255.6/t 1,124,800 5.62
Total 3,820,800 19.10
Total O&M 52.06

Annex 5-7. UNIT COST FOR INVESTMENT IN TRANSFER STATIONS (/TON)
Investment for transfer station in Teleorman county 650,000
Town population generating waste 140,023 0.43 60,209.89 tones
Rural population generating waste 295,932 0.23 68,064.36 tones
Total waste quantity to be transferred in one year 128,274.3 tones
Lifetime of transfer station 30 years
Total waste quantity to be transferred in 30 years 3,848,228 tones
Unit CAPEX cost for transfer stations 0.168909 /tnne

December 19
th
, 2006

164
Annex 5-8. UNIT COSTS FOR BULK HAULAGE FROM TRANSFER STATIONS
(/TON)

Annex 5-9. ASSUMPTIONS TO CALCULATE UNIT COSTS FOR BULK HAULAGE
FROM TRANSFER STATIONS (/TON)

Investment
cost ()
Replacement
period (years)
Source
information
30 m
3
haulage
vehicle
120,000
7 Bacau ISPA
300 days/year; 16 hours a day (2
shifts)
30 m
3
bins 7,500 5 Bacau ISPA 365 days a year
Loading system 50,000 7 Bacau ISPA
365 days/year; up to 8 hours/day
operating

density
collected density for transfer
dry recyclable 0.15 0.2
the metals can be reduced in
volume a great deal, but this is a
minor part of the load
Biodegradable 0.25 0.5 compaction effective
Residual 0.2 0.4 compaction effective
Glass 0.9 0.9
no change, glass broken when
loading into original containers

municipal Urban rural
investment O&M investment O&M investment O&Ms
Dry recyclables 2.63 4.21 2.63 4.08 2.87 4.42
Biodegradable 1.05 1.68 1.05 1.63 1.15 1.77
Residual 1.31 2.10 1.31 2.04 1.44 2.21
Glass 0.58 0.93 0.58 0.91 0.64 0.98
C & D waste 0.55 0.89 0.55 0.86 0.61 0.93

Ministry of Environment and Water Management Romania - Regional Waste Management Plan - Region 1

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