English - 2000 (Main) (Compulsory)

Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 00

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Candida'es should a''emp' all (ues'ions)
The num*er o+ marks ,arried *y ea,h (ues'ion is indi,a'ed a' 'he end o+ 'he (ues'ion)
Answers mus' *e wri''en in English)
-) .) /ri'e an essay in a*ou' 00 words on any one o+ 'he +ollowing : .00
(more ,on'en' +ollows 'he ad0er'isemen' *elow)
A 1 2 E $ T ! # E M E " T
(a) Man is sa0ed no' *y +ai'h *u' *y work
(*) !ndian Cul'ure
(,) Con'ri*u'ion o+ #,ien,e 'o human progress
(d) 3oli'i,al re+orm you wan' in !ndia
(e) 4augh'er is 'he *es' medi,ine
-) 2) $ead 'he +ollowing passage and answer5 in your own words5 'he (ues'ions 'ha'
+ollow 6 x .6 7 86
Two impor'an' s'ages ,ame no' so long *e+ore 'he dawn o+ wri''en his'ory) The +irs'
was 'he domes'i,a'ion o+ animals9 'he se,ond was agri,ul'ure) Agri,ul'ure5 whi,h *egan
in 'he ri0er 0alleys o+ Egyp' and Mesopo'amia5 was a s'ep in human progress 'o whi,h
su*se(uen'ly 'here was no'hing ,ompara*le un'il our own ma,hine age) Agri,ul'ure
made possi*le an immense in,rease in 'he num*ers o+ 'he human spe,ies in 'he regions
where i' ,ould *e su,,ess+ully pra,'ised *u' a' +irs' 'hese regions were +ew) These were
in +a,'5 only 'hose in whi,h na'ure +er'ilised 'he soil a+'er ea,h har0es') Agri,ul'ure me'
wi'h 0iolen' resis'an,e5 analogous 'o 'ha' whi,h our $uskins and #amuel :u'lers o++ered
'o ma,hines) 3as'oral nomads ,onsidered 'hemsel0es 0as'ly superior 'o 'he 'ame +olk
who s'ayed in one pla,e and were ensla0ed 'o 'he soil) :u' al'hough 'he nomads
repea'edly won mili'ary 0i,'ories5 'he physi,al ,om+or's whi,h 'he upper ,lasses deri0ed
+rom agri,ul'ural ser+s always pre0ailed in 'he end5 and 'he area o+ agri,ul'ure gradually
in,reased) E0en now 'his pro,ess is no' a' an end5 *u' wha' remains +or i' 'o a,hie0e is
no longer 0ery impor'an')
The only +undamen'al 'e,hni,al ad0an,e 'ha' pre,eded 'he emergen,e o+ man in'o
re,orded his'ory was 'he in0en'ion o+ wri'ing) /ri'ing5 like spoken language5 de0eloped
gradually) !' de0eloped ou' o+ pi,'ures5 *u' as soon as i' had rea,hed a ,er'ain s'age) i'
made possi*le 'he keeping o+ re,ords and 'he 'ransmission o+ in+orma'ion 'o people who
were no' presen' when 'he in+orma'ion was gi0en)
(a) /ha' was he se,ond impor'an' s'age in our pre-his'ory and where did i' *egin;
(*) /ha' happened in 'he regions where agri,ul'ure was su,,ess+ul ;
(,) /ha' happened in 'he ,on+li,' *e'ween 'he nomads and agri,ul'uris's;
(d) /ha' 'e,hni,al ad0an,e 'ook pla,e *e+ore 'he period o+ re,orded his'ory and wha'
did i' a,,omplish;
(e) /ho ,onsidered 'hemsel0es superior 'o whom and why ;
-) ) Make a pre,is o+ 'he +ollowing passage5 in your own language5 in a*ou' 20 words5
on 'he spe,ial pre,is-shee's pro0ided Marks will *e dedu,'ed +or pre,is no' wri''en on
'he pre,is-shee's) Marks will also *e dedu,'ed i+ your pre,is is mu,h longer or shor'er
'ha' 'he pres,ri*ed leng'h) The pre,is-shee's should *e se,urely +as'ened inside 'he
answer *ook) #'a'e 'he num*er o+ words used *y you in your pre,is 86
!' has *een es'ima'ed 'han 'he human popula'ion o+ <00 :)C) was a*ou' +i0e
million people5 'aking perhaps one million years 'o ge' 'here +rom 'wo and a hal+ million)
The popula'ion did no' rea,h 600 million un'il almos' =5000 years la'er-a*ou' .<60 A)1)
This means i' dou*led roughly on,e e0ery 'housand years or so) !' rea,hed a *illion
people around .=605 dou*ling in some 200 years) !' 'ook on.y =0 years or so +or 'he
nex' dou*ling5 as 'he popula'ion rea,hed 'wo *illion around .>0) /e ha0e no'
,omple'ed 'he nex' dou*ling 'o +our *illion ye'5 *u' we now ha0e well o0er 'hree *illion
people) The dou*ling 'ime a' presen' seems 'o *e a*ou' 8 years) -ui'e a redu,'ion in
dou*ling 'imes: .50005000 years5 .5000 years5 200 years5 =0 years5 8 years)
&ne o+ 'he mos' ominous +a,'s o+ 'he ,urren' si'ua'ion is 'ha' roughly ?0@ o+ 'he
popula'ion o+ 'he unde0eloped world is made up o+ people under .6 years old) As 'ha'
mass o+ young people mo0es in'o i's reprodu,'i0e years during 'he nex' de,ade5 weAre
going 'o see 'he grea'es' *a*y *oom o+ all 'ime) Those youngs'ers are 'he reason +or all
'he ominous predi,'ions +or 'he year 2000) They are 'he gun-powder +or 'he popula'ion
explosion)
How did we ge' in'o 'his *ind ; !' all happened along 'ime ago5 and 'he s'ory
in0ol0es 'he pro,ess o+ na'ural sele,'ion5 'he de0elopmen' o+ ,ul'ure5 and mans swollen
head) The essen,e o+ su,,ess in e0olu'ion is reprodu,'ion )))) +or reprodu,'ion is 'he key
'o winning 'he e0olu'ionary game) Any s'ru,'ure) physiologi,al pro,ess or pa''ern o+
*eha0iour 'ha' leads 'o grea'er reprodu,'i0e su,,ess will 'end 'o *e perpe'ua'ed) The
en'ire pro,ess *y whi,h man de0eloped in0ol0es 'housands o+ millenia o+ our an,es'ors
*eing more su,,ess+ul *reeders 'han 'heir rela'i0es) Ba,e' num*er one o+ our *ind-'he
urge 'o reprodu,e has *een +ixed in us *y *illions o+ years o+ e0olu'ion)
&+ ,ourse 'hrough all 'hose years o+ e0olu'ion) our an,es'ors were +igh'ing a
,on'inual *a''le 'o keep 'he *ir'h ra'e ahead o+ 'he dea'h ra'e) Tha' 'hey were su,,ess+ul
is a''es'ed 'o *y our 0ery exis'en,e5 +or5 i+ 'he dea'h ra'e had o0er'aken 'he *ir'h ra'e +or
any su*s'an'ial period o+ 'ime5 'he e0olu'ionary line leading 'o man would ha0e gone
ex'in,') Among our apelike an,es'ors5 a +ew million years ago5 i' was s'ill 0ery di++i,ul' +or
a mo'her 'o rear her ,hildren su,,ess+ully) Mos' o+ 'he o++spring died *e+ore 'hey rea,hed
reprodu,'i0e age) The dea'h ra'e was near 'he *ir'h ra'e) Then ano'her +a,'or en'ered
'he pi,'ure - ,ul'ural e0olu'ion was added 'o *iologi,all e0olu'ion)
&+ ,ourse5 in 'he early days 'he whole sys'em did no' pre0en' a 0ery high mor'ali'y
among 'he young5 as well as among 'he older mem*ers o+ 'he group) Hun'ing and +ood-
ga'hering is a risky *usiness) Ca0emen had 'o 'hro0e 0ery impressi0e ,a0e *ears ou' o+
'heir ,a0es *e+ore 'he men ,ould mo0e in) /i',h do,'ors and shamans had a less 'han
per+e,' re,ord a' 'rea'ing wounds and ,uring disease) 4i+e was shor'5 i+ no' swee') ManAs
'o'al popula'ion siCe dou*'less in,reased slowly *u' s'eadily as human popula'ions
expanded ou' o+ 'he A+ri,an ,radle o+ our spe,ies)
Then a*ou' =5000 years ago a maDor ,hange o,,urred - 'he agri,ul'ural re0olu'ion)
3eople *egan 'o gi0e up hun'ing +ood and se''led down 'o grow i') #uddenly some o+ 'he
risk was remo0ed +rom li+e) The ,han,es o+ dying o+ s'ar0a'ion diminished grea'ly in
some human groups) &'her 'hrea's asso,ia'ed wi'h 'he nomadi, li+e were also redu,ed5
perhaps *alan,ed *y new 'hrea's o+ disease and large s,ale war+are asso,ia'ed wi'h 'he
de0elopmen' o+ ,i'ies) :u' 'he o0erall resul' was a more se,ure exis'en,e 'han *e+ore
and 'he human popula'ion grew more rapidly) Around .=005 when 'he s'andard o+ li0ing
in wha' are 'oday 'he de0eloped ,oun'ries was drama'i,ally in,reasing due 'o
indus'rialiCa'ion5 popula'ion grow'h really *egan 'o a,,elera'e) The de0elopmen' o+
medi,al s,ien,e was 'he s'raw 'ha' *roke 'he ,amelAs *a,k)
-) ?) (a) Bill in 'he *lanks using appropria'e +orms o+ 'he words gi0en *elow :
.0
,hara,'eriCe9 ,oagulan'9 +righ'9 glo*e9 ,i0iliCed9
disas'rous9 mo0e9 en'husiasm9 pessimis'i,9 philosophiCing
(i) The ------------- o+ ,louds leads 'o ,hanges in 'he wea'her)
(ii) ManAs ,on'inuan,e on ear'h is shrouded in ----------- )
(iii) A ,osmi, -------------- may end li+e on ear'h)
(i0) 2i'amin E is essen'ial +or 'he ------------ o+ *lood)
(0) !s our ---------- going on 'he righ' pa'h
(0i) The e,onomi,) ---------- o+ our ,oun'ry is ,hanging)
(0ii) &n,e in 'he Dungle5 'he *oys were -------------- )
(0iii) /ha' does !ndian ------------- 'ea,h;
(ix) ---------------- is a++e,'ing !ndiaAs e,onomy)
(x) He spoke ------------ a*ou' 'he exis'en,e o+ Fod)
(*) %se ea,h o+ 'he +ollowing words in 'wo separa'e sen'en,es5 +irs' as a noun and 'hen
as a 0er*) .0
(i) hun'
(ii) wound
(iii) dis,redi'
(i0) 'eam
(0) experien,e
(,) $ewri'e 'he +ollowing sen'en,es as dire,'ed paren'he'i,ally (i) G#hu' 'he door a+'er
you5G she 'old him ,ur'ly)
indire,' +orm)
(ii) 1id she ,ommi' all 'he mis'akes ;
passi0e 0oi,e)
(iii) Many di++i,ul'ies are impossi*le 'o o0er,ome)
word +or 'he underlined phrase)
(i0) Hard as he 'ried5 'he old man +ailed 'o +ind a *uyer +or his *i,y,le)
(0) #he is so good 'ha' o'hers ,anno' *ea' her)
*y G'ooG)
-) 6) (a) Corre,' 'he +ollowing sen'en,es .0
(i) #he 0i0idly des,ri*ed a*ou' 'he si'ua'ion)
(ii) He ,hose only su,h men +or his ,ompany whom he ,ould 'rus')
(iii) He does no' *oas' his-meri's)
(i0) The ri,h lead a luxurian' li+e)
(0) The work was hard and exhaus'i0e)
(0i) #ages had prophe,ied 'he ,oming o+ 'he prophe')
(0ii) Ear'h may again *e hi' *y a huge me'eor)
(0iii) He ,ame 'o 'he ,i'y wi'h a 0iew 'o ge' a Do*)
(ix) He was angry upon me)
(x) /hy she is doing 'his ;
(*) &+ 'he words gi0en in *ra,ke's5 ,hoose 'he one you 'hink appropria'e 'o 'ill in 'he
*lanks .0
(i) #he has 'he ------------------- 'o 'his proper'y)H
(wrigh' 9 righ')
(ii) He has ------------------- his own me'hod +or doing 'he work)
(de0ised 9 de0i,ed)
(iii) Be',h me a ------------------- o+ wa'er)
(pale 9 pail)
(i0) All 'he --------------- o+ 'he airline were grounded)
(air,ra+' 9 air,ra+'s)
(0) The go0ernmen' has sele,'ed 'he --------------------- +or 'he hospi'al)
(si'e 9 ,i'e)
(0i) The ------------------- o+ Eargil ha0e +allen silen')
(,anons 9 ,annons)
(0ii) The 'ropi, o+ --------------------- is an imaginary line)
(Can,er 9 ,an,er)
(0iii) The *udge' ------------------ ,ould no' *e o++se')
(de+i,i' 9 de+i,ien,y)
(ix) /hen 'hey ,ame down 'he hill 'he ------------------- was s'eep)
(des,en' 9 de,en')
(x) The go0ernmen' ,ollapsed when 'here was a -------------- in 'he par'y)
(+ra,'ion 9 +a,'ion)
(,) %se 'he +ollowing phrases in sen'en,es so as 'o *ring ou' 'heir meaning :
6
(i) *ring a*ou'
(ii) *reak in
(iii) hear' and soul
(i0) lie low
(0) hold oneAs *rea'h