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Notebook: PPG

Created: 19/11/2011 11:01 PM Updated: 20/11/2011 12:47 AM


URL: http://www.ppg.tesl.net
TESL3102
Literature Genres
Non-Fiction
narrative Non-Fiction : based on fact, tells a story
Biography: a written account of another person's life
Autobiography: written by oneself
Fiction
Drama: Stories in verse or prose- for theaterical
Poetry: verse and rhythmic writing with imagery that evoked emotions
Fantasy: forming of mental images, strange
Fable: supernatural, narrated - useful truth
Fairy Tales: magical, fairies - for children
Science Fiction: potential science - actual or imagined
Realistic fiction: can actually happen, true to real life
Folklore: songs, myths, proverbs - mouth to mouth
Historical Fiction: fictional characters with historical setting
Horror: evokes feeling of dread and fear
Literary Criticism
Def: involves reading, interpretation of and commentary on a specific text
Literary text
Literary criticism
Literary / critical theory
Functions of a critic:
to introduce unknown authors
to encourage us to re-evaluate a work
to compare different works / ages / cultures
to increase the understanding of a work
to relate art to life / religion etc.
Layman VS Professional Critics
Layman Professional Critics
to kill time to work from assumptions that are highly conscious
to enjoy fanciful visions to read through the lens of a particular theory
to be amused to focus on particular details
to explore different ways of feelings
to learn about self
Theories of Literary Criticism
Historical
Studies within historical context
If the writer is influenced by social context
Is it only the writer's version of past events
As a basis for a criticism of a society
Connected past and present / offered value judgment
Cultural
To break down boundaries between high and low in cultures
to dismantle the hierarchy that the distinction implies
to discover why something is better than others
originated from Marxist critics
Social Criticism (Marxism)
History as a struggle between socioeconomic classes
Literature is a material product in particular society
celebrates the values it represents
Political Criticism
the political situations
Gender Criticism (Lesbian/Gay & Feminist)
Do men and women read in different ways
Do they write in different ways
Structuralism
a way of thinking that human activities is constructed
What is Poetry
A piece of literature written by a poet in meter or verse expressing various emotions.
Using various techniques including metaphors, similes and onomatopoeia.
Forms of Poetry
Lyrical Poetry
Consists of Poem, sonnets or ode
Expresses the thoughts and feelings of the poet
Nowadays: Songs
Ballads
folk-song or orally transmitted poem
direct and dramatic manner
Local history / legends
normally composed in Quatrains
Sonnets
A lyric poem of a single stanza - 14 lines
Italian or Petrarchan sonnets
- One octave and One sestet
- abbaabba and cdecde or cdccdc
Shakespearean or English sonnets
- 3 quatrains and 1 couplet
Epics
Long narrative poem
elevated style
hero-centered (semi-divine)
historical legends
Haiku
3 short lines
1st line - 5 syllable
2nd line - 7 syllable
3rd line - 5 syllable
Must paint a mental image
Limerick
a 5-line poem, funny, rhyme- aabba
1 couplet and one triplet
Line 1: rhyme /a/ 3 beats
Line 2: rhyme /a/ 3 beats
Line 3: rhyme /b/ 2 beats
Line 4: rhyme /b/ 2 beats
Line 5: rhyme /a/ 3 beats
Contains hyperboles, onomatopoeia, idioms, puns
Last line must be the Punch Line
Poetic Devices
Alliteration - The repetition of a beginning sound
Allusion - a casual reference to someone or something that paints a mental picture
Analogy - Comparisons of two things : explaining one to show the similarities
Caesura - pausing or stopping within a line of poetry, by punctuation
Enjambement - the continuation of thought from one line to another without
punctuation
Hyperbole - extreme exaggeration for effect
Metaphor - comparison of two unlike things. eg: Clouds are ships in full sail
Metonym - substitution of a word for another that is closely associated. eg: White
House to the President
Onomatopoeia - the sound things make
Oxymoron - use of contradictory items for effect. eg: Freezing fires of hell
Personification - giving human traits to non-human things. eg: The sun smiles
Simile - comparison of two unlikely things as one is like the other
Symbol - something representing other than itself. eg: Dove-Peace
Elegy - poem of extreme sorrow (lament)
Free Verse - poem without any rhymes or rhythm
imagery - use of words to create mental picture
mood - the emotional effect
Theme - the controlling idea

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