Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 12 19 11 Coughlin's Declaration and Supplement to Mobon Tor New Tnal Directed Verdict Mohon to Set Aside Both the Contempt in Court's Presence Suurruary Findjng and the Theft Conviction 2064 22176 60838

    Uploaded by

    NevadaGadfly
    115 views92 pages
    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA IN RE: THE MATTER OF ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN, ESQ. NEVADA BAR NO: 9473 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Case ADDENDUM TO PETITION FOR REINSTATEMENT PURSUANT TO SCR 111(10) COMES NOW, ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN by and through his attorney, ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN, ESQ. and hereby supplements his recent Petition for Reinstatement Pursuant to SCR 111(10). FACTS: Coughlin was arrested on 9/9/11 and charged with the petit larceny of "a candy bar and cough drops" from a Walmart store. Coughlin applied for court appointed counsel, filing a sworn declaration of his indigency in a timely manner on 10/26/11 which attested to Coughlin then having a yearly income of $11,000, which easily met the presumptive indigency threshold of less than 200% the federal poverty guideline for a household of one. Further, Coughlin's "Application for Court Appointed Counsel" made clear that he had just been ordered summarily evicted the day prior to filing such application on October 26th, 2011. RMC Judge Kenneth Howard, the presiding judge in the matter, violated ADKT 411 in himself ruling on such application in his Order of 10/27/11 denying Coughlin court appointed counsel, as well as denying Coughlin a continuance or new trial date. http://www.scribd.com/doc/225396260/10-26-11-Coughlin-s-Application-and-Affidavit-for-Appointment-of-Counsel-and-Judge-Howard-s-Order-Denying-Violate-2008-Indigent-Defense-Order-Judicial On 11/3/11, Coughlin filed a Motion for Reconsideration of such 10/27/11 Order by Judge Howard denying him court appointed counsel wherein Coughlin indicates that he is an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of Nevada, thus implicating SCR 111(6)’s characterization of the petty larceny charge as a “serious crime” requiring the appointment of counsel per ADKT 411 (2008 Indigent Defense Order) regardless of Judge Howard’s contention at trial that he need not appoint counsel unless Coughlin were to be incarcerated for the petty larceny charge, Howard citing Scott v. Illinois. However, the states may provide greater protections than that required under federal law, and the combination of ADKT 411 and SCR 111(6) (attorney’s convicted of a “serious crime” receive no pre suspension hearing before their Fourteenth Amendment protected property right, ie, their law license, is temporarily suspended) mandated that Coughlin be provided court appointed counsel for such charge that he committed a “serious crime”, regardless of whether any incarceration was possible or actually ordered. http://www.scribd.com/doc/225477214/11-3-11-Coughlin-s-Mtn-Reconsideration-or-Vacate-Order-Denying-Right-to-Counsel-Motion-to-Dismiss-60838-2064-22176 Such is found at ages 18-20 of the record “Trevino v. State 555 SW.2d 750 Formerly 110k641.2(4), 110k641 .2 Tex.Crim.App.,1977 Criminal defendants in misdemeanor cases are entitled to counsel if there exists a possibility that imprisonment may be imposed.: “In addition to the re-quirements set forth in specific definition of indigency in its Administrative Docket 411 Order of Jan-uary 4, 2008, which can be found at http://www.nevadaJudiciary.us/index.php/vlewdocumentsandforms/func-startdown/70/ , and is com-monly referred to as the Indigent Defense Order. The definition is a follows: A person will be deemed 'indigent' who is … or earn less than 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. A defendant is presumed to have a substantial hardship if he or she is currently serving a sentence in a correctional institution or housed in a mental health facility…. Further. I have just been evicted from my home, as such, my ability to defend myself and prepare for a Trial on November 14th. 2011 has been severely compromised and would work an un-due hardship on me, especially to the extent these charges, for which I am innocent, would impact my reputation and job prospects. I do probably make under $10,830, depend

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA IN RE: THE MATTER OF ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN, ESQ. NEVADA BAR NO: 9473 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Case ADDENDUM TO PETITION FOR REINSTATEMENT PURSUANT TO SCR 111(10) COMES NOW, ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN by and through his attorney, ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN, ESQ. and hereby supplements his recent Petition for Reinstatement Pursuant to SCR 111(10). FACTS: Coughlin was arrested on 9/9/11 and charged with the petit larceny of "a candy bar and cough drops" from a Walmart store. Coughlin applied for court appointed counsel, filing a sworn declaration of his indigency in a timely manner on 10/26/11 which attested to Coughlin then having a yearly income of $11,000, which easily met the presumptive indigency threshold of less than 200% the federal poverty guideline for a household of one. Further, Coughlin's "Application for Court Appointed Counsel" made clear that he had just been ordered summarily evicted the day prior to filing such application on October 26th, 2011. RMC Judge Kenneth Howard, the presiding judge in the matter, violated ADKT 411 in himself ruling on such application in his Order of 10/27/11 denying Coughlin court appointed counsel, as well as denying Coughlin a continuance or new trial date. http://www.scribd.com/doc/225396260/10-26-11-Coughlin-s-Application-and-Affidavit-for-Appointment-of-Counsel-and-Judge-Howard-s-Order-Denying-Violate-2008-Indigent-Defense-Order-Judicial On 11/3/11, Coughlin filed a Motion for Reconsideration of such 10/27/11 Order by Judge Howard denying him court appointed counsel wherein Coughlin indicates that he is an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of Nevada, thus implicating SCR 111(6)’s characterization of the petty larceny charge as a “serious crime” requiring the appointment of counsel per ADKT 411 (2008 Indigent Defense Order) regardless of Judge Howard’s contention at trial that he need not appoint counsel unless Coughlin were to be incarcerated for the petty larceny charge, Howard citing Scott v. Illinois. However, the states may provide greater protections than that required under federal law, and the combination of ADKT 411 and SCR 111(6) (attorney’s convicted of a “serious crime” receive no pre suspension hearing before their Fourteenth Amendment protected property right, ie, their law license, is temporarily suspended) mandated that Coughlin be provided court appointed counsel for such charge that he committed a “serious crime”, regardless of whether any incarceration was possible or actually ordered. http://www.scribd.com/doc/225477214/11-3-11-Coughlin-s-Mtn-Reconsideration-or-Vacate-Order-Denying-Right-to-Counsel-Motion-to-Dismiss-60838-2064-22176 Such is found at ages 18-20 of the record “Trevino v. State 555 SW.2d 750 Formerly 110k641.2(4), 110k641 .2 Tex.Crim.App.,1977 Criminal defendants in misdemeanor cases are entitled to counsel if there exists a possibility that imprisonment may be imposed.: “In addition to the re-quirements set forth in specific definition of indigency in its Administrative Docket 411 Order of Jan-uary 4, 2008, which can be found at http://www.nevadaJudiciary.us/index.php/vlewdocumentsandforms/func-startdown/70/ , and is com-monly referred to as the Indigent Defense Order. The definition is a follows: A person will be deemed 'indigent' who is … or earn less than 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. A defendant is presumed to have a substantial hardship if he or she is currently serving a sentence in a correctional institution or housed in a mental health facility…. Further. I have just been evicted from my home, as such, my ability to defend myself and prepare for a Trial on November 14th. 2011 has been severely compromised and would work an un-due hardship on me, especially to the extent these charges, for which I am innocent, would impact my reputation and job prospects. I do probably make under $10,830, depend

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    115 views92 pages

    12 19 11 Coughlin's Declaration and Supplement to Mobon Tor New Tnal Directed Verdict Mohon to Set Aside Both the Contempt in Court's Presence Suurruary Findjng and the Theft Conviction 2064 22176 60838

    Uploaded by

    NevadaGadfly
    IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA IN RE: THE MATTER OF ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN, ESQ. NEVADA BAR NO: 9473 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Case ADDENDUM TO PETITION FOR REINSTATEMENT PURSUANT TO SCR 111(10) COMES NOW, ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN by and through his attorney, ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN, ESQ. and hereby supplements his recent Petition for Reinstatement Pursuant to SCR 111(10). FACTS: Coughlin was arrested on 9/9/11 and charged with the petit larceny of "a candy bar and cough drops" from a Walmart store. Coughlin applied for court appointed counsel, filing a sworn declaration of his indigency in a timely manner on 10/26/11 which attested to Coughlin then having a yearly income of $11,000, which easily met the presumptive indigency threshold of less than 200% the federal poverty guideline for a household of one. Further, Coughlin's "Application for Court Appointed Counsel" made clear that he had just been ordered summarily evicted the day prior to filing such application on October 26th, 2011. RMC Judge Kenneth Howard, the presiding judge in the matter, violated ADKT 411 in himself ruling on such application in his Order of 10/27/11 denying Coughlin court appointed counsel, as well as denying Coughlin a continuance or new trial date. http://www.scribd.com/doc/225396260/10-26-11-Coughlin-s-Application-and-Affidavit-for-Appointment-of-Counsel-and-Judge-Howard-s-Order-Denying-Violate-2008-Indigent-Defense-Order-Judicial On 11/3/11, Coughlin filed a Motion for Reconsideration of such 10/27/11 Order by Judge Howard denying him court appointed counsel wherein Coughlin indicates that he is an attorney licensed to practice law in the State of Nevada, thus implicating SCR 111(6)’s characterization of the petty larceny charge as a “serious crime” requiring the appointment of counsel per ADKT 411 (2008 Indigent Defense Order) regardless of Judge Howard’s contention at trial that he need not appoint counsel unless Coughlin were to be incarcerated for the petty larceny charge, Howard citing Scott v. Illinois. However, the states may provide greater protections than that required under federal law, and the combination of ADKT 411 and SCR 111(6) (attorney’s convicted of a “serious crime” receive no pre suspension hearing before their Fourteenth Amendment protected property right, ie, their law license, is temporarily suspended) mandated that Coughlin be provided court appointed counsel for such charge that he committed a “serious crime”, regardless of whether any incarceration was possible or actually ordered. http://www.scribd.com/doc/225477214/11-3-11-Coughlin-s-Mtn-Reconsideration-or-Vacate-Order-Denying-Right-to-Counsel-Motion-to-Dismiss-60838-2064-22176 Such is found at ages 18-20 of the record “Trevino v. State 555 SW.2d 750 Formerly 110k641.2(4), 110k641 .2 Tex.Crim.App.,1977 Criminal defendants in misdemeanor cases are entitled to counsel if there exists a possibility that imprisonment may be imposed.: “In addition to the re-quirements set forth in specific definition of indigency in its Administrative Docket 411 Order of Jan-uary 4, 2008, which can be found at http://www.nevadaJudiciary.us/index.php/vlewdocumentsandforms/func-startdown/70/ , and is com-monly referred to as the Indigent Defense Order. The definition is a follows: A person will be deemed 'indigent' who is … or earn less than 200 percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines. A defendant is presumed to have a substantial hardship if he or she is currently serving a sentence in a correctional institution or housed in a mental health facility…. Further. I have just been evicted from my home, as such, my ability to defend myself and prepare for a Trial on November 14th. 2011 has been severely compromised and would work an un-due hardship on me, especially to the extent these charges, for which I am innocent, would impact my reputation and job prospects. I do probably make under $10,830, depend

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 92

    00250

    TD. 84599J57-J07e-4bdb-9Jac-65cJ1ba ,rom, zachcDughlln


    11-19-11 5,14pm p. 1 of 91


    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Zach Coughlin, Esq.
    NVBarNo:9473
    817 N. Virginia St. #2
    Reno, NV 89501
    Tele: 775-229-6737
    Fax: 949-667-7402
    ZachCoughlin@hotmail.com
    Pro per Defendant! Appellant
    IN THE MUNICIPAL COURT OF THE CITY OF RENO,
    COUNTY OF WASHOE. STATE OF NEVADA
    CITY OF RENO;
    Plaintiff
    v.
    ZACHARY BARKER COUGHLIN
    Defendanl
    ) Case No:ll CR 2217621
    ) Dept No: Judge Howard
    )
    ) Notice of Denial of Service: Opposition City
    ) of Reno's Notice of Denial of Service: Request
    ) for Clarification Regarding Deadline for Filing
    ) Motion For New Trial. Other Tolling Motions.
    ) etc: APP LICA TION FOR DEFERRAL OR
    ) WAIVER OF COURT FEES AND COST
    )
    )
    )
    )
    Declaration and Supplement to Mobon tor New Tnal DlTected Verdict Mohon to Set Aside both the Contempt in Court's Presence
    Suurruary findjng and the Theft Conviction
    Custom Digest - 3 Headnotes
    Rust v. Clark County School Dist. 747 P.2d 1380
    228 JUDGMENT
    228VlI Entry, Record. and Docketing
    228k270 k. Necessity for entry.
    Nev . 1987
    Prior to entry of fmaljudgment, distnct court remains free to reconsider and issue written
    judgment different from its oral pronouncement
    Central Trust Co ofCahfomia v. Holmes Min. Co., 97 P. 390
    Nev.,1908
    A judgment is a Judicia1 act of the court, and it is as final when pronounced by the court as
    when it is entered and recorded by the clerk as reqwred by the statute; the entry bemg the
    ministerial act of the clerk
    Notice of enial 0 Service 0 OSltlon Cl cfRe o's Nottce ofDema! ofServiceo Re est for Clari cati Re ardin De dline
    for F1J1Ug Motion For New Ilia] Other Tolbng Motions etc
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
    B"rrB <. EquitaDl" >ol0 5in. Co., 91 ,. #37
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8E71 E. 2uthoritB to "nt"r.
    N"<.,19$7
    2 0"cr"" /or a -"r-"tual inFunction "nt"r"0 DB th" cl"rE Aas <oi0 on its /ac", Ah"r" it Aas unsu--ort"0
    "ith"r DB th" <"r0ict r"n0"r"0 or DB an or0"r o/ th" Fu0g" 0ir"cting its "ntrB.

    Custo+ .ig"st & 3 4"a0not"s
    Stat" ") r"l. N"Aitt <. (ourth @u0icial .ist. Court in an0 /or ElEo CountB, 11 ,.0 44
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8E7 E. %i+" /or "ntrB in g"n"ral.
    N"<.,194
    %h" -r"+atur" "ntrB o/ a Fu0g+"nt is not a Furis0ictional 0"/"ct an0 0o"s not a<oi0 th" Fu0g+"nt,
    Dut at +ost +aE"s it Girr"gularH an0 G<oi0aDl"H.S"" -uDlication :or0s an0 ,hras"s /or
    oth"r Fu0icial constructions an0 0"/initions.
    SchultI <. :int"r, 7 N"<. 13$
    N"<.,1871
    2n or0"r +a0" in th" trial o/ an issu" at laA, i/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt, +aB D" "nt"r"0 in t"r+ or <acation;
    Dut such an or0"r, +a0" in <acation, can ha<" no <italitB until, at l"ast, it is 0"li<"r"0
    to th" cl"rE /or /iling.

    Custo+ .ig"st & 7 4"a0not"s
    5cClintocE <. 5cClintocE, 138 ,.30 #13
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8 73 EntrB Nunc ,ro %unc
    8E73J1? E. 3n g"n"ral.
    N"<.,$$'
    .istrict court +aB not us" a nunc -ro tunc or0"r to chang" a Fu0g+"nt actuallB r"n0"r"0 to
    on" Ahich th" court n"ith"r r"n0"r"0 nor int"n0"0 to r"n0"r.
    S+ith <. E--"rson, 94 ,.0 3'
    N"<.,19#'
    8DF"ct an0 -ur-os" o/ nunc -ro tunc or0"r is to +aE" r"cor0 s-"aE truth conc"rning acts
    alr"a0B 0on". !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur", rul" '$Ja, D?.
    2ll"n <. 2ll"n, 7$ ,.0 '71
    N"<.,19#4
    Ku"stion Ah"th"r nunc -ro tunc or0"r shoul0 D" +a0" 0"-"n0s u-on circu+stanc"s o/ -articular
    cas", an0 it is to D" grant"0 or r"/us"0 as Fustic" +aB r"quir".
    (inl"B <. (inl"B, 189 ,.0 334
    N"<.,1948
    %h" oDF"ct o/ a Gnunc -ro tuncH or0"r is to +aE" a r"cor0 s-"aE th" truth conc"rning acts
    0on", an0 such or0"r cannot D" +a0" us" o/ nor r"sort"0 to to su--lB o+itt"0 action.S"" -uDlication
    :or0s an0 ,hras"s /or oth"r Fu0icial constructions an0 0"/initions.
    (inl"B <. (inl"B, 189 ,.0 334
    N"<.,1948
    %h" -oA"r to or0"r "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt nunc -ro tunc cannot D" us"0 to corr"ct Fu0icial "rrors
    or o+issions, nor to chang" Fu0g+"nt actuallB r"n0"r"0 to on" Ahich th" court n"ith"r
    r"n0"r"0 nor int"n0"0 to r"n0"r.
    %alDot <. 5acE, 1'9 ,. #
    N"<.,1917
    %h" oDF"ct an0 -ur-os" o/ a nunc -ro tunc or0"r is to +aE" a r"cor0 s-"aE th" truth conc"rning
    acts alr"a0B 0on", an0 not to su--lB an o+itt"0 action.

    Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00251
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
    EAing <. @"nnings, 1# N"<. 379
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8 73 EntrB Nunc ,ro %unc
    8E73J? E. (ailur" to "nt"r Fu0g+"nt at ti+" o/ r"n0ition.
    N"<.,188$
    :h"r" a cl"rE /ails to "nt"r a Fu0g+"nt or0"r"0 DB th" court, it is Aithin th" -oA"r o/ th" court
    to or0"r th" Fu0g+"nt to D" "nt"r"0 nunc -ro tunc.

    Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
    (inl"B <. (inl"B, 189 ,.0 334
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8 73 EntrB Nunc ,ro %unc
    8E73J3? E. Errors or irr"gulariti"s in -r"<ious "ntrB.
    N"<.,1948
    Court, in "nt"ring a Fu0g+"nt nunc -ro tunc, +aB in its 0iscr"tion r"lB on its +"+orB as to
    Ahat Aas actuallB 0on" an0 +aB r"/r"sh its +"+orB /ro+ anB sourc" it 0""+s r"liaDl".

    Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
    EAing <. @"nnings, 1# N"<. 379
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8 73 EntrB Nunc ,ro %unc
    8E73J4? E. E)ist"nc" o/ -r"<ious Fu0g+"nt or or0"r.
    N"<.,188$
    2 Fu0g+"nt roll containing th" agr""+"nt an0 or0"r /or Fu0g+"nt an0 th" +inut"s o/ th" court
    is co+-"t"nt "<i0"nc", t"n0ing to "staDlish th" /acts n"c"ssarB to authoriI" th" court to "nt"r a
    Fu0g+"nt nunc -ro tunc.

    Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
    CulinarB an0 4ot"l S"r<ic" :orE"rs 6nion, 7ocal No. ' <. 4aug"n, 3#7 ,.0 113
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8E7' E. ,roc""0ings /or "ntrB.
    N"<.,19'$
    .istrict court rul" Aas "ntitl"0 to "ncourag"+"nt o/ Su-r"+" Court; Dut corr"ction o/ notic"
    o/ "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt, DB lining out G2-rilH Aith tB-"Arit"r an0 ins"rting G5aBH, 0i0 not 0"stroB
    "//"cti<"n"ss o/ notic", "<"n i/ such corr"ction constitut"0 an Gint"rlin"ationH in <iolation
    o/ 0istrict court rul". .istrict Court !ul"s, rul"s , suD0. ', 19; Su-r"+" Court !ul"s, rul" ,
    suD0. 8; N!C, 'JD?.

    Custo+ .ig"st & 3 4"a0not"s
    (irst Nat. BanE <. 2D"l, 41 ,.0 1$'1
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8 77 @u0g+"nt !oll or !"cor0
    8E79 E. 5att"rs inclu0"0.
    N"<.,193#
    Co-B o/ Fu0g+"nt, striEing a+"n0"0 co+-laint an0 0is+issing action, /il"0 DB th" cl"rE D"ca+"
    -art o/ GFu0g+"nt rollH. Co+-.7aAs 199, L 889.S"" -uDlication :or0s an0 ,hras"s
    /or oth"r Fu0icial constructions an0 0"/initions.
    >locE <. Elg"s, 1#9 ,. '9
    N"<.,191'
    @u0g+"nt roll inclu0"s -l"a0ings an0 Fu0g+"nt.
    3 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00252
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28

    Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
    BurDanE <. !i<"rs, 18 ,. 7#3
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8E8' E. ."/"cts an0 oDF"ctions.
    N"<.,1888
    :h"r" th" cl"rE, in "nt"ring an or0"r o<"rruling 0"/"n0antCs +otion /or a n"A trial, "nt"rs 0"/"n0antCs
    na+" as G4"nrB !i<"sH an0 G4"nrB !i<"rs,H inst"a0 o/ G(ranE !i<"rs,H 0"/"n0ant is
    Doun0 to taE" notic" that th" or0"r Aas +"ant /or his cas".

    Custo+ .ig"st & 4"a0not"s
    Blas0"l <. ="an, 8 N"<. 3$#
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8E87 E. E//"ct o/ "ntrB an0 r"cor0 as D"tA""n -arti"s in g"n"ral.
    N"<.,1873
    (in0ing an0 r"cital o/ a l"gal s"r<ic" o/ su++ons in a Fu0g+"nt is as +uch a -art o/ th" r"cor0,
    an0 "ntitl"0 to th" sa+" cr"0"nc", as th" /il" +arEs o/ th" cl"rE ant"rior to such s"r<ic".

    Custo+ .ig"st & ' 4"a0not"s
    BoA"rs <. E0Aar0s, 38# ,.0 783
    8 @6.>5EN%
    8V33 EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    8E89 E. Con/lict in r"cor0.
    N"<.,19'3
    :h"r" th"r" is con/lict D"tA""n +inut" or0"r an0 Fu0g+"nt, th" Fu0g+"nt -r"<ails.
    Bushar0 <. :asho" CountB, 9 ,.0 1#'
    N"<.,19#1
    :h"r" +inut" or0"r o/ 0"cision o/ trial court is at <arianc" Aith /or+al Fu0g+"nt /il"0 th"r"a/t"r,
    th" /or+al Fu0g+"nt +ust -r"<ail.
    5orti+"r <. ,aci/ic Stat"s Sa<. M 7oan Co., 14# ,.0 733
    N"<.,1944
    :h"r" th"r" is con/lict D"tA""n a +inut" or0"r an0 a Fu0g+"nt, th" latt"r -r"<ails.
    5orti+"r <. ,aci/ic Stat"s Sa<. M 7oan Co., 14# ,.0 733
    N"<.,1944
    2 /or+al Aritt"n or0"r alloAing /""s to a r"c"i<"rCs attorn"B an0 r"s"r<ing to trial court th"
    right to consi0"r anB a00itional alloAanc" Aas not a+Diguous so as to D" go<"rn"0 DB +inut"
    or0"r alloAing /""s /or th" cal"n0ar B"ar an0 r"s"r<ing to trial court th" right to /i) /utur" /""s
    /or /utur" s"r<ic"s.
    Blas0"l <. ="an, 8 N"<. 3$#
    N"<.,1873
    E<"rB l"gal int"n0+"nt is in /a<or o/ th" <ali0itB o/ a Fu0g+"nt, Ah"r" th"r" is a con/lict in
    th" r"cor0 as to 0u" s"r<ic" o/ su++ons.

    2+"rican @uris-ru0"nc", S"con0 E0ition
    .ataDas" u-0at"0 No<"+D"r $11
    @u0g+"nts
    Christina J6ranIa? Cri+i, @...; 7aura 4unt"r .i"tI, @...; %racB (arr"ll, @...; 2lan @. @acoDs,
    @...; !ach"l =an", @...; :illia+ 7in0sl"B, @...; @"// @. Sha+-o, @...; Eric Sur"tt", @...; an0
    SuIann" 7. Bail"B, @..., %ho+as @. CI"lusta, @..., an0 @ohn !. ="nn"l, @... o/ th" National
    7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc.
    33. !"n0ition
    2. >"n"ral Consi0"rations
    1. 3n >"n"ral
    %o-ic Su++arB Corr"lation %aDl" !"/"r"nc"s
    4 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00253
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    L #9. 5ann"r o/ -ronounc"+"nt
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, ("0"ral Ci<il ,roc"0ur" '1
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 191, 1#
    2 r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt can occur in +or" than on" +ann"r.N1O 3n so+" Furis0ictions,
    r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt is th" courtCs -ronounc"+"nt DB s-oE"n Aor0 in o-"n court or DB Aritt"n
    or0"r /il"0 Aith th" cl"rE o/ its 0"cision u-on th" +att"r suD+itt"0 to it /or a0Fu0ication.N
    O 3t is also sai0 that r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt occurs Ah"n th" court +aE"s an oral -ronounc"+"nt
    in o-"n court an0 acco+-ani"s that -ronounc"+"nt Aith a notation on th" trial 0ocE"t or, in
    th" alt"rnati<", Ah"n so+" Aritt"n notation o/ th" Fu0g+"nt is /il"0 in th" r"cor0s o/ th"
    court.N3O 2ccor0inglB, in so+" Furis0ictions an oral +ani/"station o/ th" 0"cision is r"gar0"0
    as su//ici"nt /or a Fu0g+"nt at laA to D"co+" o-"rati<".N4O (or th" trial court to "//"cti<"lB
    r"n0"r Fu0g+"nt in o-"n court, it +ust 0o so in s-oE"n Aor0, not in +"r" cognition,N#O an0 th"
    trial courtCs oral -ronounc"+"nt +ust cl"arlB in0icat" th" int"nt to r"n0"r Fu0g+"nt at th" ti+"
    th" Aor0s ar" ")-r"ss"0.N'O :h"r" oral r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt is -ro-"r, i/ th" trial court
    signs a Fu0g+"nt on an issu" Aithout /irst +aEing an oral -ronounc"+"nt in o-"n court, th"
    act o/ signing th" Fu0g+"nt is th" o//icial act o/ r"n0"ring Fu0g+"nt.N7O :h"n a trial court orallB
    r"n0"rs a Fu0g+"nt that 0is-os"s o/ so+" o/ th" issu"s in a -artBCs -l"a0ing, Dut is sil"nt
    on oth"rs, a lat"r sign"0 Fu0g+"nt that 0is-os"s o/ an a00itional issu", Ahil" onlB a PAritt"n
    +"+oran0u+P o/ th" oral Fu0g+"nt, is a r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt on th" issu" a00r"ss"0 /or th"
    /irst ti+" in th" Aritt"n Fu0g+"nt.N8O
    Caution:
    2n announc"+"nt o/ Fu0g+"nt in o-"n court +"r"lB constitut"s a r"n0"ring o/ th" Fu0g+"nt,
    not an "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt.N9O
    4' 2+. @ur. 0 @u0g+"nts L #9
    3n oth"r Furis0ictions, hoA"<"r, +"r" oral -ronounc"+"nt DB th" court o/ its 0"cision is not
    th" r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt,N1$O an0 it has D""n sai0 that a trial courtCs oral -ronounc"+"nt is
    not a Fu0g+"nt until it is -ut in Ariting an0 "nt"r"0 as th" Fu0g+"nt,N11O that a Fu0g" 0o"s not
    r"n0"r th" Fu0g+"nt until h" or sh" signs a Aritt"n notation o/ th" r"li"/ grant"0 or 0"ni"0,N1O
    an0 that a Fu0g+"nt is not r"n0"r"0 until it is sign"0.N13O 2+ong th" r"asons stat"0 /or not r"cogniIing
    an oral -ronounc"+"nt DB th" court as th" r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt ar" that: J1? th"r"
    is no -ractical +ann"r in Ahich to ")"cut" an oral Fu0g+"nt; J? an oral Fu0g+"nt cannot D"
    /il"0 in th" court o/ anoth"r countB or stat"; an0 J3? th"r" is no +"chanis+ DB Ahich an oral
    Fu0g+"nt can D"co+" a li"n on th" -ro-"rtB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt 0"Dtor.N14O
    8Ds"r<ation:
    ,rior to th" "ntrB o/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt, a court r"+ains /r"" to r"consi0"r an0 issu" a Aritt"n
    Fu0g+"nt 0i//"r"nt /ro+ its oral -ronounc"+"nt.N1#O
    C65672%3VE S6,,7E5EN%
    Cas"s:
    %h" +"r" oral announc"+"nt o/ a Fu0g+"nt Aithout an "ntrB on th" trial 0ocE"t is not th"
    r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt, /or th" -ur-os"s o/ a--"al; /or a /inal Fu0g+"nt to ")ist, th"r" +ust D"
    an or0"r that is Doth sign"0 DB th" court an0 /il"0 sta+-"0 an0 0at"0 DB th" cl"rE o/ th" court.
    =ilgor" <. N"DrasEa ."-t. o/ 4"alth an0 4u+an S"r<ic"s, 77 N"D. 4#', 7'3 N.:.0 77
    J$$9?.
    NEN. 8( S6,,7E5EN%O
    N(N1O 4ornig <. 5art"l 7i/t SBst"+s, 3nc., #8 N"D. 7'4, '$' N.:.0 7'4 J$$$?.
    N(NO @on"s <. 4uDDar0, 3#' 50. #13, 74$ 2.0 1$$4 J1999?; Barton <. >ill"s-i",
    $$# :7 1#4$1#' J%"). 2--. 4ouston 1st .ist. $$#?.
    N(N3O 4ornig <. 5art"l 7i/t SBst"+s, 3nc., #8 N"D. 7'4, '$' N.:.0 7'4 J$$$?.
    2lthough a Fu0g+"nt is r"n0"r"0 an0 ")ists as such Ah"n it is orallB announc"0 /ro+
    th" D"nch, an0 D"/or" it has D""n r"0uc"0 to Ariting an0 "nt"r"0 DB th" cl"rE, as a g"n"ral
    rul" a Fu0g+"nt +ust D" r"0uc"0 to Ariting. Bau+an <. 5a-l" Vall"B Co++unitB
    School .ist., '49 N.:.0 9 J3oAa $$?.
    N(N4O 6.S. <. 4unt, #13 (.0 19 J1$th Cir. 197#?; >or0on <. >or0on, 39$ S.:.0
    #83 J5o. Ct. 2--. 19'#?; :ittau <. Stori", 14# S.:.30 73 J%"). 2--. (ort :orth
    $$4?.
    # Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00254
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    N(N#O @a+"s <. 4uDDar0, 1 S.:.30 ##8 J%"). 2--. San 2ntonio $$$?.
    N(N'O 3n r" 2.B., 1# S.:.30 7'9 J%"). 2--. %")arEana $$3?, r"<i"A 0"ni"0, J5ar.
    19, $$4?.
    N(N7O :ittau <. Stori", 14# S.:.30 73 J%"). 2--. (ort :orth $$4?.
    N(N8O :ittau <. Stori", 14# S.:.30 73 J%"). 2--. (ort :orth $$4?.
    N(N9O Santana <. Santana, '14 S.E.0 438 JN.C. Ct. 2--. $$#?.
    2s to "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt 0istinguish"0, s"" L '$.
    N(N1$O !ust <. ClarE CountB School .ist., 1$3 N"<. '8', 747 ,.0 138$, 44 E0. 7aA
    !"-. 73' J1987?; 5ontano <. Encinias, 1$3 N.5. #1#, 7$9 ,.0 1$4 J198#?; S-arEl"
    7aun0rB M Cl"an"rs, 3nc. <. ="lton, #9# S.:.0 88, 8 6.C.C. !"-. S"r<. 1#31 J%"nn.
    Ct. 2--. 1979?.
    N(N11O StoE"r <. B"ll"+"a0", 77C, 7 >a. 2--. 817, '1# S.E.0 1 J$$#?, c"rt.
    0"ni"0, JS"-t. 19, $$#?.
    N(N1O 5u+in <. 4art, 9 N"D. 2--. 4$4, '1 N.:.0 '1 J$$$?.
    N(N13O Stat" ") r"l. 2.S.=., 77# So. 0 11$1 J7a. Ct. 2--. 4th Cir. $$$?.
    N(N14O 5c2t""r <. St"Aart, '9' ,.0 7 J:Bo. 198#?.
    2s to Fu0g+"nt li"ns, s"" LL 34 to 384.
    N(N1#O !ust <. ClarE CountB School .ist., 1$3 N"<. '8', 747 ,.0 138$, 44 E0. 7aA
    !"-. 73' J1987?.
    Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. 33&34B Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs1!32. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S.
    >o<t. :orEs. 2ll rights r"s"r<"0.
    25@6! @6.>5EN%S L #9

    2+"rican @uris-ru0"nc", S"con0 E0ition
    .ataDas" u-0at"0 No<"+D"r $11
    N"A %rial
    @ohn !. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc.
    V. ,roc"0ur"
    B. %i+" /or 5aEing 2--lication
    3. 6n0"r ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur"
    %o-ic Su++arB Corr"lation %aDl" !"/"r"nc"s
    L 379. Co++"nc"+"nt o/ -"rio0
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, N"A %rial 11'.
    2.7.!. 7iDrarB
    5otions /or n"A trial:ti+" li+itations un0"r !ul" #9JD? o/ ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur",
    4# 2.7.!. ("0. 1$4
    %h" 1$&0aB -"rio0 un0"r th" -ro<ision o/ th" ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" -"rtaining
    to th" ti+" /or +aEing n"A trial +otionsN1O co++"nc"s to run /ro+ th" "ntrB o/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt,N
    O not /ro+ th" r"n0ition o/ an int"rlocutorB Fu0g+"nt.N3O
    ,ractic" >ui0":
    %h" 1$&0aB -"rio0 is to D" co+-ut"0 in accor0anc" Aith th" -ro<ision o/ th" ("0"ral !ul"s o/
    Ci<il ,roc"0ur" go<"rning th" co+-utation o/ ti+" g"n"rallB.N4O
    2n a+"n0"0 Fu0g+"nt su-"rs"0"s a -rior Fu0g+"nt, so that th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 D"gins to
    run an"A a/t"r "ntrB o/ th" a+"n0"0 Fu0g+"nt.N#O
    N(N1O ("0. !. Ci<. ,. #9JD?.
    N(NO SaAB"r <. 2tlantic .iscount Cor-., 44 (.0 349 J4th Cir. 1971?; 3shiEaAa <.
    2ch"son, 9$ (. Su--. 713 J.. 4aA. 19#$?.
    %h" 1$&0aB -"rio0 /or th" s"r<ing o/ a +otion /or a n"A trial D"gan to run u-on "ntrB
    or 0ocE"ting o/ th" Fu0g+"nt, rath"r than /ro+ th" /iling o/ th" Fu0g+"nt. %iF"rina <.
    ,l"ntl, 984 (.0 148, 4 ("0. !. S"r<. 30 189 J#th Cir. 1993?.
    #8 2+. @ur. 0 N"A %rial L 379
    N(N3O :arn"r <. !ossignol, #13 (.0 '78 J1st Cir. 197#?; 5anos <. %rans :orl0 2irlin"s,
    3nc., 34 (. Su--. 47$ JN... 3ll. 1971?.
    N(N4O ("0. !. Ci<. ,. 'Ja?.
    N(N#O Cornist <. !ichlan0 ,arish School B0., 479 (.0 37 J#th Cir. 1973?.
    ' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00255
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. 33&34B Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs1!32. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S.
    >o<t. :orEs. 2ll rights r"s"r<"0.
    25@6! NE:%!327 L 379

    Cor-us @uris S"cun0u+
    .ataDas" u-0at"0 ."c"+D"r $11
    @u0g+"nts
    (rancis C. 2+"n0ola, @..., ,aul 5. Colto//, @..., @ohn >l"nn, @..., @anic" 4olD"n, @..., @ohn
    !. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., Eric 7arsson, @...,
    St"-h"n 7"as", @..., @acE =. 7"<in, @..., :illia+ 7in0sl"B, @..., 7ucas 5artin, @..., Eric
    5aB"r, @..., %o+ 5usEus, @..., =arl 8aE"s, @..., Eric C. Sur"tt", @..., 2lan :ass"rstro+,
    @..., 2lan :"inst"in, @...
    V33. !"n0ition, EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    B. EntrB o/ @u0g+"nt
    %o-ic Su++arB !"/"r"nc"s Corr"lation %aDl"
    L 144. N"c"ssitB
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 7$
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 93
    2lthough as D"tA""n th" -arti"s a 0ulB r"n0"r"0 Fu0g+"nt +aB D" <ali0 an0 "//"cti<"
    Aithout "ntrB, an0 its "n/orc"+"nt 0o"s not alAaBs 0"-"n0 on its "ntrB, /or +anB -ur-os"s
    Fu0g+"nts ar" not co+-l"t", -"r/"ct, an0 "//"cti<" until th"B ar" "nt"r"0.
    2s a g"n"ral rul", th" 0"cisions o/ all courts +ust D" -r"s"r<"0 in Ariting in so+" r"cor0
    -ro<i0"0 /or that -ur-os".N1O
    2s D"tA""n th" -arti"s, a Fu0g+"nt 0ulB r"n0"r"0 +aB D" <ali0 an0 "//"cti<", although not
    "nt"r"0, that is, th" cl"rECs n"gl"ct or /ailur" to +aE" a -ro-"r "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt, or 0"/"cti<"
    or inaccurat" "ntrB o/ it, at l"ast in th" aDs"nc" o/ statut" to th" contrarB, Aill not 0"-ri<" it
    o/ th" /orc" o/ a Fu0icial 0"cision.NO %h" "n/orc"+"nt o/ a Fu0g+"nt 0o"s not 0"-"n0 on its
    "ntrB.N3O
    4oA"<"r, /or +anB -ur-os"s a Fu0g+"nt is not co+-l"t", -"r/"ct, an0 "//"cti<" until it has
    D""n 0ulB "nt"r"0.N4O %hus, it has D""n Droa0lB h"l0 that Fu0g+"nts taE" "//"ct onlB /ro+ th"
    0at" o/ "ntrBN#O an0 that th"r" is no Fu0g+"nt until it is "nt"r"0 o/ r"cor0.N'O
    2 rul" go<"rning r"n0ition an0 "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nts an0 or0"rs oDlit"rat"s anB 0istinction
    D"tA""n th" +inist"rial act o/ "ntrB an0 th" Fu0icial act o/ r"n0ition o/ Fu0g+"nt an0 +aE"s
    th" o-"rati<" "<"nt th" act o/ th" Fu0g".N7O
    EntrB o/ a Fu0g+"nt +aB D" r"quir"0 Aithin Ahich th" Fu0g+"nt +aB D" "n/orc"0, as consi0"r"0N
    8O or /or th" cr"ation o/ a Fu0g+"nt li"n.N9O
    49 C.@.S. @u0g+"nts L 144
    2 Fu0g+"nt is not /inal, in th" s"ns" that it cannot D" Aith0raAn or chang"0 DB th" court,
    until it has D""n "nt"r"0.N1$O 8n "ntrB, a Fu0g+"nt -ass"s D"Bon0 control o/ th" court, ")c"-t
    to <acat" or +o0i/B it in accor0anc" Aith th" usual rul"s.N11O
    3n or0"r that a Fu0g+"nt +aB D" a0+itt"0 as "<i0"nc" in anoth"r action, it is n"c"ssarB that
    it shoul0 /irst ha<" D""n "nt"r"0 o/ r"cor0.N1O
    N(N1O (la.R5agnant <. ,"acocE, 1#' (la. '88, 4 So. 0 314 J194#?.
    =B.RNational 7i/" M 2cc. 3ns. Co. <. 4"0g"s, 33 =B. 84$, 7 S.:.0 4 J193$?.
    5iss.RE<ans <. Stat", 144 5iss. 1, 1$8 So. 7# J19'?.
    N.@.R 7BcIaE <. 5arguli"s, 8 N.@. 5isc. #49, 1#1 2. '4 JSu-. Ct. 193$?, a//C0, 1$9
    N.@.7. 3#, 1' 2. #9$ JN.@. Ct. Err. M 2--. 193?.
    2s to n"c"ssitB /or "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nts DB con/"ssion, s"" L 18.
    2s to n"c"ssitB /or Ariting, s"" L 1$'.
    N(NO >a.R."cE <. ."cE, 193 >a. 739, $ S.E.0 1 J194?.
    3ll.RCirro :r"cEing Co. <. !o--olo, 1#3 3ll. 0 ', 178 3ll. ."c. 7#$, '$# N.E.0 #44
    J199?.
    3n0.R%ancos <. 2.:., 3nc., #$ N.E.0 1$9 J3n0. Ct. 2--. 198'?.
    5o.R5ars0"n <. Ni--, 3# 5o. 8, 3$ S.:.0 77 J193$?.
    8hioR 4oA"r Cor-. <. Vanc", 144 8hio St. 443, 3$ 8hio 8-. 38, #9 N.E.0 377
    7 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00256
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    J194#?.
    8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
    %").R5aB/i"l0 <. San @acinto Sa<. 2ssCn, 788 S.:.0 119 J%"). 2--. 4ouston 14th
    .ist. 199$?, Arit 0"ni"0, J@ulB 3, 199$?.
    N(N3O Conn.R.C2n0r"a <. !"n0", 13 Conn. 377, 19# 2. 741 J1937?.
    =an.R>at"s <. >at"s, 1'$ =an. 48, 1'3 ,.0 39# J194#?.
    N(N4O 6.S.R3n r" Bunt, 1'# B.!. 894 JBanEr. E... 2rE. 1994?R3n r" Ci+arron Nursing
    C"nt"r, 143 B.!. #78, 18 6.C.C. !"-. S"r<. 0 9'# JBanEr. :... 8Ela. 199?.
    2rE.R =o"lI"r <. Bagl"B, 13 2rE. 2--. 48, '8$ S.:.0 111, E0. 7aA !"-. #74
    J1984?.
    Cal.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ 5icaliIio, 199 Cal. 2--. 30 '', 4# Cal. !-tr. '73 J4th .ist.
    1988?.
    (la.RCincinnati EquitaDl" 3ns. Co. <. 4aAit, 933 So. 0 133 J(la. .ist. Ct. 2--. 30
    .ist. $$'?.
    >a.RZ"it+an <. 5cBraB"r, $1 >a. 2--. 7'7, 41 S.E.0 87 J1991?.
    3ll.R8C>ra0B <. CooE CountB Sh"ri//Cs 5"rit B0., $4 3ll. 2--. 30 #8, 149 3ll. ."c.
    #3$, #'1 N.E.0 1' J1st .ist. 199$?.
    =an.R5att"r o/ 5arriag" o/ :ilson, 13 =an. 2--. 0 91, 7'8 ,.0 83# J1989?, Fu0g+"nt
    a//C0, 4# =an. 178, 777 ,.0 773 J1989?.
    8hioR7a+ar <. 5arDurB, '9 8hio St. 0 74, 3 8hio 8-. 30 '9, 431 N.E.0 1$8
    J198?.
    %").R!ani"r <. BroAn, '3 S.:.0 '8 J%"). Ci<. 2--. 4ouston 1st .ist. 1981?.
    N(N#O 2riI.RSouthA"st"rn (r"ight 7in"s <. Sha/"r, #7 2riI. 111, 111 ,.0 '# J1941?
    .
    Cal.R7in0 <. BaE"r, 48 Cal. 2--. 0 34, 119 ,.0 8$' J4th .ist. 1941?.
    N.5.RStat" <. Ca-ital CitB BanE, 31 N.5. 43$, 4' ,. 899 J19'?.
    2s to 0at" o/ Fu0g+"nt, s"" L 149.
    N(N'O 2lasEaR:allac" <. %urn"r, $$4 :7 1#88# J2lasEa $$4?.
    (la.R5agnant <. ,"acocE, 1#' (la. '88, 4 So. 0 314 J194#?.
    >a.R%it"l+an <. St"0+an, 77 >a. 4'$, #91 S.E.0 774 J$$3?.
    3ll.R3n 3nt"r"st o/ =.S., #$ 3ll. 2--. 30 8', 189 3ll. ."c. #3$, '$ N.E.0 498 J4th
    .ist. 1993?.
    =B.RBatts <. 3llinois C"nt. !. Co., 17 S.:.30 881 J=B. Ct. 2--. $$7?.
    50.R%i"rco 5arBlan0, 3nc. <. :illia+s, 381 50. 378, 849 2.0 #$4 J$$4?.
    5iss.RS+ith <. ,arE"rson 7u+D"r, 3nc., 89$ So. 0 83 J5iss. $$3?.
    N.C.R4illiar0 <. 4illiar0, 14' N.C. 2--. 7$9, ##4 S.E.0 374 J$$1?.
    N"D.R!os"n 2uto 7"asing, 3nc. <. @or0an, 1# N"D. 2--. 1, 7$ N.:.0 911 J$$'?.
    N.5.RKuintana <. Vigil, 4' N.5. $$, 1# ,.0 711 J194? Jo<"rrul"0 DB, E<ans (inancial
    Cor-. <. Strass"r, 99 N.5. 788, ''4 ,.0 98' J1983??.
    8hioR 4oA"r Cor-. <. Vanc", 144 8hio St. 443, 3$ 8hio 8-. 38, #9 N.E.0 377
    J194#?.
    8r.R,atricE <. 8tt"+an, 1#8 8r. 2--. 17#, 974 ,.0 17 J1999?.
    ,a.RClinton <. >il"s, 719 2.0 314 J,a. Su-"r. Ct. 1998?.
    %"nn.RBlacEDurn <. BlacEDurn, 7$ S.:.30 4 J%"nn. $$8?.
    %").R3n r" Bill 4"ar0 Ch"<rol"t, 7t0., $9 S.:.30 311 J%"). 2--. 4ouston 1st .ist.
    $$'?.
    :.Va.R Stat" ") r"l. :"st Virginia ."-t. 8/ 4"alth 2n0 4u+an !"sourc"s, Chil0
    Su--ort En/orc"+"nt .i<ision <. Varn"B, 1 :. Va. #17, '## S.E.0 #39 J$$7?.
    E//"ct o/ /ailur"
    %h" rul" go<"rning -ro-os"0 or0"rs or Fu0g+"nts suD+itt"0 /or th" courtCs signatur",
    an0 -ro<i0ing that a /ailur" to suD+it a Fu0g+"nt ti+"lB is 0""+"0 aDan0on+"nt,
    s-"aEs to th" -"rio0 Aithin Ahich a -ro-os"0 or0"r or Fu0g+"nt r"/l"cting th" 0is-osition
    o/ a +otion or +att"r +ust D" 0raAn DB a -artB, an0 0o"s not a--lB to s"r<ic" o/
    th" Fu0g+"nt Aith notic" o/ "ntrB u-on an o--osing -artB.
    N.9.RCo) <. CitB 8/ Niagara (alls, 89 2...0 978, 734 N.9.S.0 8$ J4th ."-Ct
    $$1?.
    8 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00257
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    N(N7O 2la.RS+ith <. @acEson, 77$ So. 0 1$'8 J2la. $$$?.
    N(N8O LL 1'#, 13'9, 137$.
    N(N9O L 77'.
    N(N1$O Cal.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ 5icaliIio, 199 Cal. 2--. 30 '', 4# Cal. !-tr. '73
    J4th .ist. 1988?.
    3ll.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ .Aan, 1$8 3ll. 2--. 30 8$8, '4 3ll. ."c. 34$, 439 N.E.0 1$$#
    J1st .ist. 198?.
    N"<.R!ust <. ClarE CountB School .ist., 1$3 N"<. '8', 747 ,.0 138$, 44 E0. 7aA
    !"-. 73' J1987?.
    N.5.RKuintana <. Vigil, 4' N.5. $$, 1# ,.0 711 J194? Jo<"rrul"0 DB, E<ans (inancial
    Cor-. <. Strass"r, 99 N.5. 788, ''4 ,.0 98' J1983??.
    8hioR2tEinson <. >ru++an 8hio Cor-., 37 8hio St. 30 8$, #3 N.E.0 8#1 J1988?.
    8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
    N(N11O 8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
    %"nn.R Broa0AaB 5otor Co. <. ,uDlic (ir" 3ns. Co., 1 %"nn. 2--. 78, 193$ :7
    1'9' J193$?.
    N(N1O 2la.R5t. V"rnon&:oo0D"rrB 5ills <. 6nion S-rings >uano Co., 9 2la. 91,
    1## So. 71' J1934?.
    N"D.R7uiEart <. Br"0thau"r, 13 N"D. ', 71 N.:. 1'# J1937?.
    8Ela.R."-uB <. 4o"+", 1989 8= 4, 77# ,.0 1339 J8Ela. 1989?.
    :"stlaA. Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S. >o<t. :orEs.
    C@S @6.>5EN%S L 144

    Cor-us @uris S"cun0u+
    .ataDas" u-0at"0 ."c"+D"r $11
    2--"al an0 Error
    ,aul 5. Colto//, @..., @ohn >l"nn, @..., >l"n0a =. 4arna0, @... o/ th" sta// o/ th" National
    7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., @ohn !. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch
    >rou-, 3nc., 5ich"l" 4ugh"s, @..., 2nn" =nicE"rDocE"r, @..., @acE =. 7"<in, @..., %ho+as
    5usEus, @..., =i+D"rlB C. Si++ons, @..., Eric C. Sur"tt", @..., BarDara Van 2rs0al", @...,
    EliIaD"th :illia+s, @...
    V333. !"quisit"s an0 ,roc""0ings /or %rans/"r o/ Caus"
    >. EntrB or .ocE"ting
    %o-ic Su++arB !"/"r"nc"s Corr"lation %aDl"
    L #$$. >"n"rallB
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, 2--"al an0 Error 431
    6n0"r so+" statut"s or rul"s o/ court, th" a--"al or Arit o/ "rror +ust D" -ro-"rlB "nt"r"0,
    r"cor0"0, or 0ocE"t"0 in or0"r to -"r/"ct th" a--"llat" -roc""0ings.
    6n0"r so+" statut"s or rul"s, "ntrB, r"cor0ing, or 0ocE"ting in th" a--"llat" court is n"c"ssarB
    to -"r/"ct th" a--"al.N1O
    %h" r"quir"+"nt o/ 0ocE"ting is not Furis0ictionalNO an0 Ah"r" an a--"llant has 0on" all
    that is r"quir"0 o/ hi+ or h"r to -rocur" an "ntrB o/ th" a--"al, th" cl"rECs /ailur" to "nt"r it
    Aill not caus" a 0is+issal or oth"rAis" a//"ct th" a--"llantCs rights.N3O
    2n a--"ll"" +aB Aai<" th" r"quir"0 0ilig"nc" in "nt"ring or 0ocE"ting th" a--"al.N4O
    :ai<"r o/ an insu//ici"nt "ntrB, or o/ 0"laB in "nt"ring or 0ocE"ting +aB D" i+-li"0 /ro+ suDs"qu"nt
    action on th" a--"ll""Cs -art inconsist"nt Aith an int"ntion to taE" a0<antag" o/ th" insu//ici"ncB
    or 0"laB.N#O 2n "sto--"l to clai+ an insu//ici"nt "ntrB +aB D" "staDlish"0 DB such
    Aor0s or acts on th" -art o/ a--"ll"" as Aill r"asonaDlB Fusti/B th" a--"llant, through r"lianc"
    on th" Aor0s or acts, in r"/raining /ro+ "nt"ring his or h"r a--"al.N'O
    N(N1O (la.RBrooEs <. 5ia+i BanE M %rust Co., 11# (la. 141, 1## So. 1#7 J1934?.
    7a.RKu""n 3ns. Co. o/ 2+"rica <. Blo+"nsti"l, 1'$ So. 1'9 J7a. Ct. 2--. 1st Cir.
    193#?.
    5ass.R5arshall <. Stratus ,har+ac"uticals, 3nc., #1 5ass. 2--. Ct. ''7, 749 N.E.0
    4 C.@.S. 2--"al an0 Error L #$$
    '98 J$$1?.
    9 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing ."a0lin"
    /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00258
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    (iling
    5".R,"rsson <. ."-art+"nt o/ 4u+an S"r<ic"s, $$1 5E 14, 77# 2.0 3'3 J5".
    $$1?.
    N(NO 2la.R4.C. Sch+i"0ing ,ro0uc" Co., 3nc. <. Cagl", #9 So. 0 43, 7 6.C.C.
    !"-. S"r<. 0 '7' J2la. 1988?.
    N(N3O Colo.R,"o-l" ") r"l. ."n<"r Engin""rsC Su--lB Co. <. .istrict Court o/ CitB
    an0 CountB o/ ."n<"r, 33 Colo. 41', 8$ ,. 1$'9 J19$#?.
    N.C.RSi++ons <. 2llison, 119 N.C. ##', ' S.E. 171 J189'?.
    N(N4O (la.R>arrison <. ,arsons, 41 (la. 143, # So. 33' J1899?.
    N(N#O 5inn.R3n r" Bra0BCs Estat", 7$ 5inn. 437, 73 N.:. 14# J1897?.
    N(N'O 5inn.R3n r" Bra0BCs Estat", 7$ 5inn. 437, 73 N.:. 14# J1897?.
    8hioR=ing <. ,"nn, 43 8hio St. #7, 1 N.E. 84 J188#?.
    :"stlaA. Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S. >o<t. :orEs.
    C@S 2,,E27E!! L #$$

    Cor-us @uris S"cun0u+
    .ataDas" u-0at"0 ."c"+D"r $11
    E)"cutions
    >l"n0a =. 4arna0, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., 2lan @. @acoDs,
    @..., Eric 5aB"r, %o+ 5usEus, @..., =arl 8aE"s, @..., @"//r"B @. Sha+-o, @...
    3. 3n >"n"ral
    B. @u0g+"nt, ."cr"", or 8r0"r as Basis o/ :rit
    %o-ic Su++arB !"/"r"nc"s Corr"lation %aDl"
    L . !"n0ition an0 "ntrB o/ 0ocE"ting
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, E)"cution 9
    :hil" in so+" Furis0ictions an o//icial "ntrB or 0ocE"ting is a con0ition -r"c"0"nt to th"
    right to th" Arit, in oth"rs such "ntrB or 0ocE"ting is not "ss"ntial to "naDl" a -artB to issu" an
    ")"cution on a Fu0g+"nt that has D""n 0ulB r"n0"r"0.
    :hil" th" "ntrB or 0ocE"ting o/ a Fu0g+"nt is n"c"ssarB to cr"at" a li"n,N1O at co++on laA
    an ")"cution is issuaDl" on th" signing o/ a /inal Fu0g+"nt an0 D"/or" its "ntrB o/ r"cor0,
    -ro<i0ing th"r" is no Arit o/ "rror -"n0ing or agr""+"nt to th" contrarB,NO an0, in +anB Furis0ictions,
    such "ntrB or 0ocE"ting is not "ss"ntial to "naDl" a -artB to issu" an ")"cution th"r"on
    i/ th" Fu0g+"nt oth"rAis" has D""n 0ulB r"n0"r"0.N3O 5or"o<"r, th" /ailur" o/ th" cl"rE to
    "nt"r o/ r"cor0 th" Fu0g+"nt r"n0"r"0 Aithin anB -articular ti+" 0o"s not r"n0"r in<ali0 an
    ")"cution <ali0 Ah"n issu"0.N4O :h"r" statut"s so -ro<i0", "ntrB o/ th" <"r0ict in th" +inut"s
    Aill sustain an ")"cution issu"0 D"/or" "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt.N#O
    3n so+" Furis0ictions, on th" oth"r han0, DB <irtu" o/ statut"s or oth"rAis", an o//icial
    "ntrB or 0ocE"ting is a con0ition -r"c"0"nt to th" right to th" Arit,N'O "s-"ciallB Ah"r" th"
    Fu0g+"nt is DB con/"ssion.N7O Statut"s r"quiring "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt as a con0ition -r"c"0"nt 0o
    not, hoA"<"r, inclu0" +aEing u- th" Fu0g+"nt roll,N8O an0 th" g"n"ral rul" is that ")"cution
    +aB issu" D"/or" /iling or +aEing u- th" Fu0g+"nt roll,N9O Dut such a r"quir"+"nt is not uni<"rsal.N
    1$O 3/ th" statut" +"r"lB r"quir"s an "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt, it has D""n /oun0 that it
    n""0 not D" 0ocE"t"0.N11O
    %i+" o/ "ntrB an0 "//"ct o/ /ailur" to "nt"r.
    %h" ti+" Ah"n th" Fu0g+"nt +ust D" "nt"r"0, Ah"r" n"c"ssarB, is g"n"rallB r"gulat"0 DB
    statutorB -ro<isions, an0 /iling Aithin such ti+" Aill -"r+it issuanc" o/ ")"cution.N1O 2n
    "ntrB nunc -ro tunc is su//ici"nt to su--ort an0 <ali0at" an ")"cution, an0 th" irr"gularitB o/
    issuing ")"cution D"/or" "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nt g"n"rallB +aB D" cur"0 DB suDs"qu"nt "ntrB o/ th"
    Fu0g+"nt.N13O 3n a00ition, /or th" -ur-os" o/ th" <ali0itB o/ an ")"cution, a Fu0g+"nt "nt"r"0
    33 C.@.S. E)"cutions L
    in t"r+ ti+" Aill D" -r"su+"0 to ha<" D""n "nt"r"0 0uring th" actual s"ssion o/ th" court,N14O
    an0 a /ailur" to +aE" /or+al "ntrB is an irr"gularitB that +aB D" Aai<"0 DB /ailing to +aE" a
    +otion to <acat" until s"<"ral +onths a/t"r th" ")"cution has D""n issu"0.N1#O >"n"rallB, th"
    /ailur" /or+allB to "nt"r or 0ocE"t th" Fu0g+"nt D"/or" issuing ")"cution r"n0"rs th" ")"cution
    <oi0aDl" onlB,N1'O although Ah"r" th" "ntrB is "ss"ntial to th" ")ist"nc" o/ a <ali0 Fu0g+"nt,
    1$ Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00259
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    an ")"cution issu"0 -rior th"r"to is <oi0.N17O
    ."/"cti<" "ntrB.
    :h"r" th" a+ount o/ th" Fu0g+"nt ina0<"rt"ntlB is o+itt"0 /ro+ th" Fu0g+"nt "ntrB, a
    corr"ction nunc -ro tunc <ali0at"s an ")"cution -r"<iouslB issu"0.N18O
    !"gist"r"0 Fu0g+"nt.
    :h"r" a Fu0g+"nt is r"gist"r"0 /or th" -ur-os" o/ cr"ating a li"n, th" ")"cution is n"<"rth"l"ss
    issu"0 on th" original Fu0g+"nt.N19O
    N(N1O C.@.S., @u0g+"nts L #'.
    N(NO N.5.R>onIal"I <. >onIal"I, 1$3 N.5. 1#7, 7$3 ,.0 934 JCt. 2--. 198#?.
    N(N3O 7a.R5ont"l"-r", 3nc. <. ,/ist"r, 3## So. 0 '#4 J7a. Ct. 2--. 4th Cir. 1978?.
    5o.R(i"l0"r <. (i"l0"r, '71 S.:.0 4$8 J5o. Ct. 2--. E... 1984?.
    N(N4O 3ll.R,"o-l" ") r"l. 4olDrooE <. ,"tit, '' 3ll. '8, 1$7 N.E. 83$ J191#?.
    N(N#O N.@.RE--s <. BoA"n, 118 N.@.7. #$, 191 2. 11$ JN.@. Su-. Ct. 1937?.
    N(N'O 6.S.R4"nrB <. (irst Nat. BanE o/ ClarEs0al", #9# (.0 91 J#th Cir. 1979?.
    3oAaR2rDi" 5in"ral (""0 Co., 3nc. <. (ar+ Bur"au 5ut. 3ns. Co., 4' N.:.0 '77
    J3oAa 199$?.
    N(N7O 3ll.R=nights <. 5artin, 1## 3ll. 48', 4$ N.E. 3#8 J189#?.
    N(N8O 5ont.RBurton <. =i--, 3$ 5ont. 7#, 7' ,. #'3 J19$4?.
    N(N9O Cal.RShar- <. 7u+l"B, 34 Cal. '11, 18'8 :7 73' J18'8?.
    N(N1$O N.9.RBlash/i"l0 <. S+ith, 7 4un 114 JN.9. >"n. %"r+ 188?.
    N(N11O :is.R4B+an <. 7an0rB, 13# :is. #98, 11' N.:. 3' J19$8?.
    N(N1O 6.S.R3n r" Bhatti, 1' B.!. 9 JBanEr. :... Va. 1991?.
    2la.R@"//"rson CountB Sa<. BanE <. 5ill"r, 14# 2la. 37, 4$ So. #13 J19$'?.
    N(N13O 3oAaR.oughtB <. 5""E, 1$# 3oAa 1', 74 N.:. 744 J1898?.
    N(N14O 3ll.R4ans"n <. Schl"sing"r, 1# 3ll. 3$, 17 N.E. 718 J1888?.
    N(N1#O N.9.RBoA+an <. %all+an, 19 2DD. ,r. 84, ' N.9. Su-"r. Ct. '33, 8 4oA.
    ,r. 48, 18'4 :7 373$ J18'4?.
    N(N1'O S.C.R 5ason M !isch Vocalion Co. <. =illough 5usic Co., 4# S.C. 11,
    S.E. 7## J189#?.
    N(N17O 3ll.R=nights <. 5artin, 1## 3ll. 48', 4$ N.E. 3#8 J189#?.
    N(N18O 3oAaRBrooEs <. 8A"n, $$ 3oAa 11#1, $ N.:. #$# J19#?, o-inion +o0i/i"0
    on oth"r groun0s on 0"nial o/ r"hCg, BrooEs <. 8A"n., $' N.:. 149 J3oAa 19#?.
    5"+oran0u+ o/ Fu0g+"nt in<ali0
    2 +"+oran0u+ o/ Fu0g+"nt /il"0 DB th" assign"" o/ th" Fu0g+"nt cr"0itor Aas in<ali0,
    an0 coul0 not D" us"0 as th" Dasis /or a l"<B sal" o/ th" Fu0g+"nt 0"DtorCs -ro-"rtB
    on a Fu0g+"nt li"n, Ah"r" th" +"+oran0u+ contain"0 an inaccurat" Fu0g+"nt a+ount
    in that it /ail"0 to a--lB th" S7,$$$ Fu0g+"nt th" 0"Dtor -ai0 on th" Fu0g+"nt.
    3ll.RNorthA"st .i<"rsi/i"0, 3nc. <. ."sai, 3#3 3ll. 2--. 30 378, 88 3ll. ."c. 818, 818
    N.E.0 7#3 J1st .ist. $$4?.
    3nt"r"st on Fu0g+"nt
    %h" cl"rECs /ailur" to co+-ut" int"r"st oAing on th" Fu0g+"nt, an0 to "nt"r it on th"
    co-B o/ a Fu0g+"nt h" r"c"i<"0 /ro+ th" court, Aas a +"r" cl"rical "rror that 0i0 not
    i+-air th" Fu0g+"nt or -r"<"nt th" Fu0g+"nt cr"0itor /ro+ ")"cuting th"r"on /olloAing
    an a+"n0+"nt to corr"ct th" cl"rECs o+ission.
    N.9.R 2"tna Cas. M Sur. Co. <. :hit"ston" >"n"ral 4os-., 14 5isc. 0 '7, #3'
    N.9.S.0 373 JSu- 1988?.
    N(N19O 2la.R@"//"rson CountB Sa<. BanE <. 5ill"r, 14# 2la. 37, 4$ So. #13 J19$'?.
    :"stlaA. Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S. >o<t. :orEs.
    C@S ETEC6%38NS L

    Cor-us @uris S"cun0u+
    .ataDas" u-0at"0 ."c"+D"r $11
    @u0g+"nts
    (rancis C. 2+"n0ola, @..., ,aul 5. Colto//, @..., @ohn >l"nn, @..., @anic" 4olD"n, @..., @ohn
    !. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., Eric 7arsson, @...,
    St"-h"n 7"as", @..., @acE =. 7"<in, @..., :illia+ 7in0sl"B, @..., 7ucas 5artin, @..., Eric
    11 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00260
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    5aB"r, @..., %o+ 5usEus, @..., =arl 8aE"s, @..., Eric C. Sur"tt", @..., 2lan :ass"rstro+,
    @..., 2lan :"inst"in, @...
    T3V. Collat"ral 2ttacE
    .. >roun0s
    3. Errors an0 3rr"gulariti"s
    %o-ic Su++arB !"/"r"nc"s Corr"lation %aDl"
    L 737. ."/"cts in "ntrB or cont"nts o/ Fu0g+"nt
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt #$4J3?
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt #$4J4?
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt #$#
    5"r" irr"gulariti"s in th" r"n0ition or "ntrB o/ Fu0g+"nts, inclu0ing Fu0g+"nts DB con/"ssion
    or cons"nt, ar" not groun0s /or collat"ral attacE.
    2 0"cr"" r"n0"r"0 in a0<anc" o/ th" -"rio0 at Ahich th" court +aB laA/ullB acquir" Furis0iction
    o<"r th" 0"/"n0ant is suDF"ct to collat"ral attacE.N1O 4oA"<"r, Ah"r" no qu"stion o/
    Furis0iction is rais"0, a Fu0g+"nt or 0"cr"" cannot D" collat"rallB i+-"ach"0 D"caus" it Aas
    -r"+atur"lB r"n0"r"0,NO or not r"n0"r"0 Aithin th" ti+" r"quir"0 DB statut",N3O or D"caus" it
    Aas Das"0 on 0"/"cti<" /in0ings DB th" court, or gi<"n Aithout anB /in0ings at allN4O or is inconsist"nt
    Aith th" /in0ings or conclusions o/ laA.N#O 5or"o<"r, a Fu0g+"nt +aB not D" attacE"0
    collat"rallB D"caus" it a--"ars /ro+ th" r"cor0 or th" o-inion o/ th" court that th"r"
    Aas a +istaE", an0 that th" Fu0g+"nt shoul0 ha<" D""n 0i//"r"nt /ro+ that actuallB r"n0"r"0,N'
    O or D"caus" o/ anB irr"gularitB in th" "ntrB, r"cor0, or 0ocE"ting o/ th" Fu0g+"nt,N7O or /or
    anB in/or+alitB or inco+-l"t"n"ss in th" Fu0g+"nt its"l/, -ro<i0"0 its 0"/"cts or o+issions ar"
    not such as to r"n0"r it aDsolut"lB unint"lligiDl" an0 th"r"/or" <oi0 /or unc"rtaintB.N8O
    %h" all"g"0 nonco+-lianc" o/ a Fu0g+"nt Aith a s"ttl"+"nt agr""+"nt 0o"s not r"n0"r it
    suDF"ct to collat"ral attacE.N9O
    @u0g+"nt D"Bon0 -l"a0ings an0 issu"s.
    2ccor0ing to so+" authoritB, Ah"r" th" court go"s D"Bon0 an0 outsi0" th" -l"a0ings an0
    issu"s an0 assu+"s to a0Fu0icat" a +att"r not Aithin th" issu"s +a0" u- in th" -l"a0ings, an0
    #$ C.@.S. @u0g+"nts L 737
    th" Fu0g+"nt is to that ")t"nt <oi0, th" Fu0g+"nt +aB D" attacE"0 collat"rallB.N1$O
    E)c"ssi<" r"co<"rB or r"li"/.
    :h"r" a Fu0g+"nt is +"r"lB "rron"ous D"caus" it is ")c"ssi<",N11O "ith"r as D"ing gr"at"r
    than th" a+ount 0"+an0"0,N1O gr"at"r than th" /acts or th" "<i0"nc" Aoul0 Fusti/B,N13O or as
    i+-ro-"rlB inclu0ing int"r"st,N14O -"nalti"s,N1#O costs,N1'O or couns"l /""s,N17O or as alloAing
    ")c"ssi<" int"r"stN18O or costs,N19O it +aB not D" i+-"ach"0 in a collat"ral -roc""0ing.
    N(N1O ..C.R5ors" <. 6.S., 9 2--. ..C. 433, 19$7 :7 197#8 J2--. ..C. 19$7?.
    N(NO Colo.RN"tlan0 <. Baugh+an, 114 Colo. 148, 1' ,.0 '$1 J194#?.
    8r.RBooth <. 4"D"rli", 137 8r. 3#4, ,.0 11$8 J1931?.
    %"nn.R.a<is <. 5itch"ll, 7 %"nn. 2--. 18, 178 S.:.0 889 J1943?.
    2s to th" /or+, cont"nts, r"n0ition, "ntrB, r"cor0, an0 0ocE"ting o/ Fu0g+"nt, s"" LL
    1$4 to 13$, 13' to 1'9.
    @u0g+"nt "rron"ouslB or irr"gularlB "nt"r"0
    2 -artB to a -roc""0ing Aill D" Doun0 DB th" Fu0g+"nt in th" cas" Ah"n collat"rallB attacEing
    it, "<"n though th" Fu0g+"nt Aas irr"gularlB or "rron"ouslB "nt"r"0.
    N"D.RStat" <. 4"a0, 7' N"D. 3#4, 7#4 N.:.0 '1 J$$8?.
    Voi0aDl" Fu0g+"nt
    2 G<oi0aDl" Fu0g+"ntH is on" "nt"r"0 "rron"ouslB DB a court ha<ing Furis0iction, an0
    is not suDF"ct to collat"ral attacE.
    3ll.R 3n r" 5arriag" o/ 5itch"ll, 181 3ll. 0 1'9, 9 3ll. ."c. #$8, '9 N.E.0 81
    J1998?.
    N(N3O S...R4arE"r <. CoAi", 4 S... 1#9, 173 N.:. 7 J1919?.
    N(N4O 2rE.RBrooEs <. BaE"r, $8 2rE. '#4, 187 S.:.0 1'9 J194#?.
    N.9.RShaul <. (i0"litB M ."-osit Co. o/ 5arBlan0, 131 5isc. 4$1, 7 N.9.S. 1'3
    JSu- 198?, a//C0, 4 2... 773, 3$ N.9.S. 91$ J30 ."-Ct 198?.
    8r.R>licE+an <. Solo+on, 14$ 8r. 3#8, 1 ,.0 1$17 J193?.
    1 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00261
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Collat"ral attacE on /in0ing
    :h"r" th" court ha0 Furis0iction in a /or"closur" suit, its /in0ing as to th" lan0 co<"r"0
    DB th" +ortgag" coul0 not D" collat"rallB attacE"0.
    %").R S"0"rhol+ <. CitB o/ ,ort 2rthur, 3 S.:.0 9# J%"). Ci<. 2--. B"au+ont
    198?, Arit grant"0, J8ct. 17, 198? an0 a//C0, 13 S.:.0 '87 J%"). Co++Cn 2--.
    199? an0 a//C0, 13 S.:.0 '8# J%"). Co++Cn 2--. 199?.
    N(N#O 2rE.RBrooEs <. BaE"r, $8 2rE. '#4, 187 S.:.0 1'9 J194#?.
    Cal.R:"llDorn <. :"llDorn, ## Cal. 2--. 0 #1', 131 ,.0 48 J1st .ist. 194?.
    %").R ,"r+ian 8il Co. <. S+ith, 19 %"). 413, 73 S.:.0 49$, 111 2.7.!.11#
    J1934?.
    N(N'O 6.S.R3s"lin <. 7a Cost", 147 (.0 791 JC.C.2. #th Cir. 194#?.
    Cal.R5c2llist"r <. Su-"rior Court in an0 /or 2la+"0a CountB, 8 Cal. 2--. 0 1'$,
    8 ,.0 4' J1st .ist. 1938?.
    5iss.R5c3ntosh <. 5unson !oa0 5achin"rB Co., 1'7 5iss. #4', 14# So. 731 J1933?.
    N(N7O (la.RStat" ") r"l. 5c>uir" <. 5aBo, 18 (la. '99, 17# So. 73 J1937?.
    N"D.RStat" ") r"l. !itthal"r <. =no), 17 N"D. 7'', 3#1 N.:.0 77, 18 E0. 7aA !"-.
    434 J1984?.
    %"nn.R:hitson <. @ohnson, %"nn. 2--. 47, 13 S.:.0 11$4 J1937?.
    6tahR3nt"r+ill <. Nash, 94 6tah 71, 7# ,.0 1#7 J1938?.
    8r0"r "nt"r"0 out o/ s"ssion
    %hat an or0"r ta)ing th" -lainti// Aith th" 0"/"n0antCs costs Aas sign"0 an0 "nt"r"0 out
    o/ s"ssion 0i0 not +aE" th" or0"r <oi0, so as to alloA th" -lainti// to collat"rallB attacE
    it, Ah"r" th" trial Fu0g" a0"quat"lB +a0" an0 announc"0 a 0"cision to ta) th" -lainti//
    in th" 0istrict 0uring th" s"ssion in Ahich +otion Aas +a0", an0 0"t"r+in"0 an0 announc"0
    at a h"aring th" natur" o/ th" -"naltB to D" ass"ss"0 against th" -lainti//.
    N.C.R.ani"ls <. 5ontgo+"rB 5ut. 3ns. Co., 3$ N.C. ''9, 3'$ S.E.0 77 J1987?.
    N(N8O 6.S.R,richar0 <. N"lson, 137 (.0 31 JC.C.2. 4th Cir. 1943?.
    (la.RStat" ") r"l. :arr"n <. CitB o/ 5ia+i, 1#3 (la. '44, 1# So. 0 449 J1943?.
    %").RBri0g+an <. 5oor", 143 %"). #$, 183 S.:.0 7$# J1944?.
    Vic"s /or Ahich Fu0g+"nt can D" annull"0
    Vic"s as to th" /or+ o/ a Fu0g+"nt /or Ahich th" Fu0g+"nt can D" annull"0 ar"
    GaDsolut" nulliti"sH an0 can D" ass"rt"0 at anB ti+", in a collat"ral -roc""0ing, an0 D"/or"
    anB court.
    7a.R Cha+-agn" an0 !o0g"rs !"altB Co., 3nc. <. 4"nning, 947 So. 0 39 J7a. Ct.
    2--. #th Cir. $$'?, Arit 0"ni"0, 949 So. 0 44$ J7a. $$7?.
    N(N9O %").R >r"in"r <. @a+"son, 8'# S.:.0 493 J%"). 2--. .allas 1993?, Arit
    0"ni"0, J5ar. 3, 1994?.
    N(N1$O 5o.R:"ath"r/or0 <. S-iritual Christian 6nion Church, 1'3 S.:.0 91' J5o.
    194?.
    N.9.RCol"s <. Carroll, 73 N.9. 8', ' N.E.0 1$7 J1937?.
    8hioRBinns <. 3saD"l, 39 8hio 7. 2Ds. #, 1 8hio Su--. 113 JC.,. 194?, a//C0, 7
    8hio 2--. , 7 8hio 8-. 87, 39 8hio 7. 2Ds. 37, #1 N.E.0 #$1 J0 .ist. (ranElin
    CountB 1943?.
    N(N11O 8r.R7inn CountB <. !oI"ll", 177 8r. 4#, 1' ,.0 1#$ J194#?.
    N(N1O Cal.R:allac" <. :allac", 111 Cal. 2--. #$$, 9# ,. 1$'1 J4th .ist. 1931?.
    >a.R4ar0in <. .o00, 17' >a. 119, 1'7 S.E. 77 J193?.
    8r.R7inn CountB <. !oI"ll", 177 8r. 4#, 1' ,.0 1#$ J194#?.
    N(N13O 3ll.R ,"o-l" ") r"l. 2n0"rson <. Villag" o/ Bra0l"B, 3'7 3ll. 3$1, 11 N.E.0
    41# J1937?.
    5ich.R5orris <. BarE"r, #3 5ich. 334, 3# N.:. 174 J1931?.
    8r.R7inn CountB <. !oI"ll", 177 8r. 4#, 1' ,.0 1#$ J194#?.
    N(N14O 6.S.R4u00l"ston <. .AB"r, 14# (.0 311 JC.C.2. 1$th Cir. 1944?.
    Cal.R :"lls (argo M Co. <. CitB an0 CountB o/ San (rancisco, # Cal. 0 37, 1#
    ,.0 '# J1944?.
    N(N1#O 6.S.R4u00l"ston <. .AB"r, 14# (.0 311 JC.C.2. 1$th Cir. 1944?.
    N(N1'O Cal.R:"lls (argo M Co. <. CitB an0 CountB o/ San (rancisco, # Cal. 0 37,
    13 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00262
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    1# ,.0 '# J1944?.
    8r.R7inn CountB <. !oI"ll", 177 8r. 4#, 1' ,.0 1#$ J194#?.
    N(N17O 6tahR5arB @an" St"<"ns Co. <. (ol"B, '7 6tah #78, 48 ,. 81# J19'?.
    N(N18O =an.R.icEson <. ,att"rson, 1$' =an. 794, 189 ,. 91 J19$?.
    N(N19O 8r.RNational Sur"tB Cor-. <. S+ith, 1'8 8r. '#, 13 ,.0 $3 J194?.
    :"stlaA. Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S. >o<t. :orEs.
    C@S @6.>5EN%S L 737

    Cor-us @uris S"cun0u+
    .ataDas" u-0at"0 ."c"+D"r $11
    @u0g+"nts
    (rancis C. 2+"n0ola, @..., ,aul 5. Colto//, @..., @ohn >l"nn, @..., @anic" 4olD"n, @..., @ohn
    !. ="nn"l, @..., o/ th" sta// o/ th" National 7"gal !"s"arch >rou-, 3nc., Eric 7arsson, @...,
    St"-h"n 7"as", @..., @acE =. 7"<in, @..., :illia+ 7in0sl"B, @..., 7ucas 5artin, @..., Eric
    5aB"r, @..., %o+ 5usEus, @..., =arl 8aE"s, @..., Eric C. Sur"tt", @..., 2lan :ass"rstro+,
    @..., 2lan :"inst"in, @...
    V33. !"n0ition, EntrB, !"cor0, an0 .ocE"ting
    2. !"n0ition
    %o-ic Su++arB !"/"r"nc"s Corr"lation %aDl"
    L 13'. >"n"rallB
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 191
    :"stCs ="B Nu+D"r .ig"st, @u0g+"nt 19
    %h" r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt is th" Fu0icial act o/ th" court in -ronouncing th" s"nt"nc" o/
    th" laA on th" /acts in contro<"rsB as asc"rtain"0 DB th" -l"a0ings an0 <"r0ict or /in0ings, as
    0istinguish"0 /ro+ th" +inist"rial act o/ "nt"ring th" Fu0g+"nt.
    %h" r"n0ition o/ a Fu0g+"nt is th" Fu0icial act o/ th" courtN1O in -ronouncing th" s"nt"nc"
    o/ th" laA on th" /acts in contro<"rsB as asc"rtain"0 DB th" -l"a0ings an0 <"r0ict or /in0ings,N
    O as 0istinguish"0 /ro+ th" o//icial "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt.N3O
    G!"n0itionH o/ Fu0g+"nt is th" act DB Ahich th" court 0"clar"s th" 0"cision o/ th" laA
    u-on th" +att"rs at issu"N4O an0 it is th" suDstanc" an0 "//"ct o/ an a0Fu0ication that is 0"t"r+inati<"
    o/ Ah"th"r it is a Fu0g+"nt, not th" /or+ o/ th" 0"cr"".N#O
    8n its r"n0ition, an0 Aithout "ntrB, a Fu0g+"nt is /inal, <ali0, an0 "n/orc"aDl" as D"tA""n
    th" -arti"sN'O in th" aDs"nc" o/ a statut" to th" contrarB.N7O
    6n0"r so+" authoritB, th" courtCs -ractic" 0o"s not /a<or th" t"r+ination o/ -roc""0ings
    Aithout a 0"t"r+ination o/ th" +"rits o/ th" contro<"rsB Ah"r" that can D" Drought aDout Aith
    0u" r"gar0 to n"c"ssarB rul"s o/ -roc"0ur".N8O
    2ccor0inglB, th" laA 0o"s not /a<or th" t"r+ination o/ -roc""0ings Aithout a 0"t"r+ination
    o/ th" +"rits o/ th" contro<"rsB Ah"n that can D" Drought aDout Aith 0u" r"gar0 to n"c"ssarB
    rul"s o/ -roc"0ur", an0 /or that r"ason, th" trial court shoul0 +aE" "<"rB "//ort to a0Fu0icat"
    th" suDstanti<" contro<"rsB D"/or" it an0, Ah"n -racticaDl", shoul0 0"ci0" a -roc"0ural
    49 C.@.S. @u0g+"nts L 13'
    issu" so as not to -r"clu0" h"aring th" +"rits o/ an a--"al.N9O
    N(N1O 2la.RS+ith <. @acEson, 77$ So. 0 1$'8 J2la. $$$?.
    Cal.R,"o-l" <. (ronti"r ,aci/ic 3ns. Co., 83 Cal. 2--. 4th 189, 1$$ Cal. !-tr. 0 433
    J30 .ist. $$$?.
    50.R.a<is <. .a<is, 33# 50. '99, '4' 2.0 3'# J1994?.
    5o.RCoIart <. 5aI0a .istriDutors J>ul/?, 3nc., 8'1 S.:.0 347 J5o. Ct. 2--. S...
    1993?.
    N"D.RNational 2ccount SBst"+s o/ 8+aha, 3nc. <. 5c3ntBr", N"D. 2--. 884, #18
    N.:.0 1#8 J1994?.
    8Ela.R ,"o-l"s El"c. Co&o-. <. Broughton, 194 8= 33, 191 8Ela. 9, 17 ,.0
    8#$ J194?.
    N(NO 50.R.a<is <. .a<is, 33# 50. '99, '4' 2.0 3'# J1994?.
    N"D.RNational 2ccount SBst"+s o/ 8+aha, 3nc. <. 5c3ntBr", N"D. 2--. 884, #18
    N.:.0 1#8 J1994?.
    14 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00263
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    8Ela.R ,r"sDBt"rian 4os-., 3nc. <. Boar0 o/ %a)&!oll Corr"ctions o/ 8Elaho+a
    CountB, 1984 8= 93, '93 ,.0 '11 J8Ela. 1984?.
    %"nn.RChristo-h"r <. S-oon"r, '4$ S.:.0 833 J%"nn. Ct. 2--. 198?.
    %").R2rriaga <. Ca<aIos, 88$ S.:.0 83$ J%"). 2--. San 2ntonio 1994?.
    :.Va.REchar0 <. CitB o/ ,arE"rsDurg, 187 :. Va. 3#$, 419 S.E.0 14 J199?.
    ."cision or /in0ings DB court, g"n"rallB, s"" C.@.S., %rial LL '$ to '$', '$9 to '1.
    V"r0ict or /in0ings DB FurB, g"n"rallB, s"" C.@.S., %rial L 48#.
    N(N3O 2riI.R 2+"rican Sur. Co. o/ N.9. <. 5osh"r, 48 2riI. ##, '4 ,.0 1$#
    J193'?.
    5o.R3n r" 5arriag" o/ 4u"B, 71' S.:.0 479 J5o. Ct. 2--. S... 198'?.
    %"nn.RChristo-h"r <. S-oon"r, '4$ S.:.0 833 J%"nn. Ct. 2--. 198?.
    %").RBaEali <. BaEali, 83$ S.:.0 #1 J%"). 2--. .allas 199?.
    :.Va.REchar0 <. CitB o/ ,arE"rsDurg, 187 :. Va. 3#$, 419 S.E.0 14 J199?.
    2s to "ntrB, g"n"rallB, s"" L 143.
    N(N4O %").RStallAorth <. StallAorth, $1 S.:.30 338 J%"). 2--. .allas $$'?.
    Va.R@"//"rson <. Co+., '9 Va. 13', '$7 S.E.0 1$7 J$$#?.
    N(N#O Cal.R 8taB !i<"r Constructors <. San .i"go E)-r"ssAaB, 1#8 Cal. 2--. 4th
    79', 7$ Cal. !-tr. 30 434 J4th .ist. $$8?.
    N(N'O 2la.R.u ,r"" <. 4art, 4 2la. '9$, 8 So. 0 183 J194?.
    Cal.RBanE 8n" %")as <. ,ollacE, 4 Cal. 2--. 4th 973, 9 Cal. !-tr. 0 #1$ J0 .ist.
    1994?.
    3ll.R:icEis"r <. ,oA"rs, 34 3ll. 2--. 13$, #7 N.E.0 # J30 .ist. 1944?.
    N"D.R,ontiac 3+-. Co. <. 7"isB, 144 N"D. 7$#, 14 N.:.0 384 J1944?.
    2s to ")"cution D"/or" "ntrB s"" C.@.S., E)"cutions L 13.
    2s to n"c"ssitB o/ "ntrB, s"" L 144.
    N(N7O 2rE.R5cConn"ll <. Bourlan0, 17# 2rE. #3, 99 S.:. 44 J197?.
    ."l.R4aIIar0 <. 2l")an0"r, 3' ."l. #1, 178 2. 873 JSu-"r. Ct. 193#?.
    8r.R4aD"rlB <. (ar+"rsC 5ut. (ir" !"li"/ 2ssCn, 13# 8r. 3, 87 ,. J193$?.
    N(N8O Conn.R!occo <. >arrison, '8 Conn. #41, 848 2.0 3# J$$4?;
    ,i"traroia <. North"ast 6tiliti"s, #4 Conn. '$, 7#' 2.0 84# J$$$?.
    N(N9O Conn.R ("0us <. ,lanning an0 Zoning Co+Cn, 78 Conn. 7#1, 9$$ 2.0 1
    J$$'?; 8lB+-ia 5ortg. Cor-. <. =l"in, '1 Conn. 2--. 3$#, 7'3 2.0 1$## J$$1?.
    :"stlaA. Q $11 %ho+son !"ut"rs. No Clai+ to 8rig. 6.S. >o<t. :orEs.
    C@S @6.>5EN%S L 13'

    ,83N%S 2N. 26%48!3%3ES
    %h" <i0"o ,a+ !oD"rts -ro<i0"0 in h"r .isco<"rB cl"arlB shoAs :al&5arts (rontino -"rha-s
    +aEing, Dut 0"/init"lB han0ing a c0 to !S3C 8//ic"rs BraunAorth an0 CraA/or0 at th" conclusion o/
    th" arr"st in qu"stion. 4oA"<"r, 3 D"li"<" all thr"" +"n t"sti/i"0 that no oth"r <i0"o ")ist"0 r"l"<ant
    to th" accusation or arr"st oth"r than th" int"rrogation roo+ <i0"o, Ahich Aas still /il+ing th"
    ")chang" o/ th" c0 D"tA""n (rontino an0 th" !S3C 8//ic"rs. (urth"r, !S3C 8//ic"r CraA/or0 can
    cl"arlB D" s""n in th" int"rrogation roo+ <i0"os r"c"i<ing a 0ri<"rs lic"ns" /ro+ Coughlin an0 calling
    it in on his ra0io, 0"s-it" CraA/or0, t"sti/Bing, un0"r oath, at trial, that Coughlin Aas arr"st"0, in larg"
    -art, D"caus" h" 0i0 not -ro0uc" a -hBsical 0ri<"rCs lic"ns" an0 th" in/or+ation Ahich Aoul0 D"
    1# Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00264
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    contain"0 th"r"on an0 n"c"ssarB to Arit" a citation. CraA/or0 t"sti/i"0 that this lacE o/ -ro0ucing a
    0ri<"rs lic"ns" Jan0 th" 0is-atch r"cor0s can cl"arlB shoA th" running o/ CoughlinCs 0ri<"rs lic"ns"
    nu+D"r, Ahich Coughlin h"r"DB 0"clar"s un0"r -"naltB o/ -"rFurB h" has n"<"r co++itt"0 to +"+orB
    in his "ntir" li/"?. (urth"r, in 0ir"ct contra0iction to th" sAorn t"sti+onB o/ Doth (rontino an0
    CraA/or0, th" 6,C /or th" cough 0ro-s 0o"s a--"ar on Doth th" all"g"0lB stol"n it"+s S14.$$ r"c"i-t
    an0 th" S8$.$$ r"c"i-t o/ it"+s -urchas"0 i++"0at"lB -rior to th" arr"st. Both (rontino an0
    CraA/or0 sAor" that th" 6,C 0i0 not a--"ar on Doth.
    2N279S3S
    :inston ,ro0ucts <. ."Bo"r, 1 N"<. 20<.8-. 48, 134 ,. 3r0 7' J$$'?;G3n r"sol<ing this +otion,
    A" r"<isit th" +"tho0 us"0 to co+-ut" th" ti+" /or /iling +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0
    /or a n"A trial an0 th" tolling -"rio0 to /il" a notic" o/ a--"al Ah"n th"s" +otions ar" s"r<"0 DB +ail
    or "l"ctronic +"ans. U %h" N"<a0a !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" JN!C,? r"quir" th"s" so&call"0 tolling
    +otions to D" /il"0 Aithin 1$ 0aBs /ro+ th" 0at" a Fu0g+"nt is /il"0 an0 s"r<"0. U 4oA"<"r, th" $$4
    a+"n0+"nts to th" N!C, chang"0 th" co+-utation o/ ti+" Ah"r" th" -r"scriD"0 -"rio0 is l"ss than
    11 0aBs to ")clu0" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs. U :h"r", as h"r", th" ti+" to /il" a
    tolling +otion is 1$ 0aBs, A" conclu0" that th" G-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0H in N!C, 'Ja? 0o"s not
    inclu0" th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"?. U %h"r"/or", th" /iling -"rio0 /or a
    tolling +otion is co+-ut"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Ja?, an0 th"n 3 a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 un0"r N!C,
    'J"? Ah"n s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans. U 6sing this co+-utation +"tho0, A"
    conclu0" that a--"llantCs tolling +otions A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 in th" 0istrict court. U 2ccor0inglB, A"
    0"nB r"s-on0"ntCs +otion to 0is+iss this a--"al. U (urth"r, although this issu" Aas not a00r"ss"0 DB
    th" -arti"s, A" conclu0" that th" tolling +otions also toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" -ost&Fu0g+"nt
    or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs.
    1' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00265
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    (2C%S
    %h" /inal Fu0g+"nt a/t"r a FurB <"r0ict in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt Aas /il"0 on 2-ril 18, $$#. U
    !"s-on0"nt s"r<"0 a--"llant Aith notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" 0istrict courtCs /inal Fu0g+"nt <ia /acsi+il"
    an0 +ail on 2-ril 1, $$#. U (i/t""n 0aBs lat"r, on 5aB ', $$#, a--"llant +o<"0 th" 0istrict court
    /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA un0"r N!C, #$JD? or /or a n"A trial -ursuant to N!C, #9. U
    !"s-on0"nt o--os"0 a--"llantCs +otions in th" 0istrict court, arguing, in -art, that th"B A"r" not
    ti+"lB /il"0.
    B"/or" r"sol<ing th" +otions, on @un" 9, $$#, th" 0istrict court "nt"r"0 a -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r
    aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt. U Notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r Aas s"r<"0 on
    a--"llant on @un" 1$, $$#. U 8n @un" 7, $$#, th" 0istrict court "nt"r"0 its or0"r 0"nBing
    a--"llantCs +otion /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA or /or a n"A trial. U %h" 0istrict court 0"t"r+in"0
    that a--"llantCs +otions ha0 D""n ti+"lB /il"0 Dut conclu0"0 that a--"llant Aas not "ntitl"0 to anB
    r"li"/. U 8n @ulB 9, $$#, Aithin 3$ 0aBs a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" @un" 7 or0"r
    r"sol<ing th" +otions, a--"llant /il"0 a notic" o/ a--"al /ro+ that or0"r, th" /inal Fu0g+"nt, an0 th"
    -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs.
    !"s-on0"nt has /il"0 a +otion to 0is+iss th" a--"al, all"ging that a--"llantCs +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as
    a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or a n"A trial A"r" not ti+"lB an0 th"r"/or" 0i0 not toll th" ti+" to a--"al. U
    2--"llant o--os"s th" +otion.
    DISCUSSION
    V%his court lacEs Furis0iction to consi0"r an a--"al that is /il"0 D"Bon0 th" ti+" alloA"0 un0"r
    N!2, 4Ja?.
    1
    U2 ti+"lB /il"0 +otion /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA un0"r N!C, #$JD? or /or a n"A
    trial un0"r N!C, #9 tolls th" ti+" /or /iling an a--"al until no lat"r than 3$ 0aBs a/t"r a -artB s"r<"s
    17 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00266
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Aritt"n notic" that th" or0"r r"sol<ing such +otions has D""n "nt"r"0.

    U2 tolling +otion un0"r


    N!C, #$JD? or N!C, #9 is ti+"lB i/ it is /il"0 Aithin 1$ 0aBs a/t"r a -artB s"r<"s Aritt"n notic" that a
    Fu0g+"nt has D""n "nt"r"0.
    3
    U%hr"" a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 to this /iling 0"a0lin" Ah"n s"r<ic"
    Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans.
    4

    3n th" +otion to 0is+iss, r"s-on0"nt argu"s that our -rior cas" laA r"quir"s that th" 3&0aB alloAanc"
    /or +ailing D" a00"0 0ir"ctlB to th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 to /il" tolling +otions D"/or" co+-uting th" /iling
    0"a0lin" un0"r N!C, 'Ja?. U E+-loBing this rational" suDF"cts th"s" tolling +otions to a 13&0aB ti+"
    -"rio0. U 6n0"r N!C, 'Ja?, int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D" inclu0"0
    in th" co+-utation o/ th" 13&0aB -"rio0. U 2--lBing this a--roach to this cas" r"sults in th" thirt""nth
    0aB /ro+ s"r<ic" o/ notic" o/ "ntrB /alling on 5aB 4, $$#. U 3n this sc"nario, D"caus" a--"llantCs
    +otions A"r" not /il"0 until 5aB ', $$#, th"B Aoul0 D" unti+"lB an0 Aoul0 not "//"cti<"lB toll th"
    ti+" to a--"al.
    2--"llant "ncourag"s us to a0o-t th" o--osit" a--roach to that sugg"st"0 DB r"s-on0"nt. U 3nst"a0 o/
    /irst a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail to r"ach a 13&0aB ti+" -"rio0, a--"llant cont"n0s that
    soun0 Fu0icial -olicB /a<ors a00ing th" 3&0aB alloAanc" onlB a/t"r co+-uting th" 1$&0aB /iling -"rio0
    an0 ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs un0"r N!C, 'Ja?. U 2--"llant argu"s that this +"tho0 o/
    co+-uting th" ti+" -"rio0 is consist"nt Aith /"0"ral court int"r-r"tation o/ th" analogous /"0"ral rul",
    (!C, ', an0 /urth"rs th" int"nt o/ N!C, 'J"? DB alloAing /or +or" ti+" Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB
    +ail. U 6sing this +"tho0 in this cas", a--"llant argu"s that its +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/
    laA an0 /or a n"A trial A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al.
    !ul" 'Vo/ th" N"<a0a !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur" go<"rns ti+":
    18 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00267
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Ja?UCo+-utation. 3n co+-uting anB -"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0 or alloA"0 DB th"s" rul"s, DB th" local
    rul"s o/ anB 0istrict court, DB or0"r o/ court, or DB anB a--licaDl" statut", th" 0aB o/ th" act, "<"nt, or
    0"/ault /ro+ Ahich th" 0"signat"0 -"rio0 o/ ti+" D"gins to run shall not D" inclu0"0. U %h" last 0aB
    o/ th" -"rio0 so co+-ut"0 shall D" inclu0"0, unl"ss it is a Satur0aB, a Sun0aB, or a nonFu0icial 0aB, in
    Ahich "<"nt th" -"rio0 runs until th" "n0 o/ th" n")t 0aB Ahich is not a Satur0aB, a Sun0aB, or a
    nonFu0icial 0aB, or, Ah"n th" act to D" 0on" is th" /iling o/ a -a-"r in court, a 0aB on Ahich A"ath"r
    or oth"r con0itions ha<" +a0" th" o//ic" o/ th" cl"rE o/ th" 0istrict court inacc"ssiDl", in Ahich "<"nt
    th" -"rio0 runs until th" "n0 o/ th" n")t 0aB Ahich is not on" o/ th" a/or"+"ntion"0 0aBs. U :h"n th"
    -"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0 or alloA"0 is l"ss than 11 0aBs, int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs, an0
    nonFu0icial 0aBs shall D" ")clu0"0 in th" co+-utation ")c"-t /or thos" -roc""0ings /il"0 un0"r %itl"s
    1 or 13 o/ th" N"<a0a !"<is"0 Statut"s.

    J"?U200itional %i+" 2/t"r S"r<ic" DB 5ail or El"ctronic +"ans. U :h"n"<"r a -artB has th" right or
    is r"quir"0 to 0o so+" act or taE" so+" -roc""0ings Aithin a -r"scriD"0 -"rio0 a/t"r th" s"r<ic" o/ a
    notic" or oth"r -a-"r, oth"r than -roc"ss, u-on th" -artB an0 th" notic" or -a-"r is s"r<"0 u-on th"
    -artB DB +ail or DB "l"ctronic +"ans, 3 0aBs shall D" a00"0 to th" -r"scriD"0 -"rio0.
    JE+-has"s a00"0.? U %his court has -r"<iouslB consi0"r"0 in tAo cas"s th" issu" o/ co+-uting ti+"
    -"rio0s un0"r N!C, ' Ah"n s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail. U 3n !oss <. >iaco+o, this court conclu0"0
    that in calculating th" ti+" to /il" a tolling +otion, th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail is a00"0
    0ir"ctlB to th" 1$&0aB -"rio0&r"sulting in a 13&0aB /iling -"rio0.
    #
    U5or" r"c"ntlB, in Custo+ CaDin"t
    (actorB o/ N"A 9orE <. .istrict Court, a $$3 cas" in<ol<ing th" 3$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 to /il" a r"qu"st
    /or trial 0" no<o a/t"r arDitration, A" a//ir+"0 th" co+-utation +"tho0 "+-loB"0 in !oss an0 h"l0
    that th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail Gshoul0 D" a00"0 to th" ti+" allott"0 DB statut" or rul"
    19 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00268
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    /irstH an0 th"n th" ti+" -"rio0 shoul0 D" co+-ut"0 un0"r N!C, 'Ja?.
    '
    U:" r"ason"0 that th"
    alt"rnati<" +"tho0 o/ co+-uting ti+" un0"r !ul" 'Ja? o/ a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail a/t"r
    co+-uting th" /iling 0"a0lin" GAoul0 -ot"ntiallB r"sult in an a00itional /i<" to s"<"n 0aBs to /il"
    +otionsH Ahich Aas Gco+-licat"0 an0 aDsur0.HW
    7
    U3nst"a0, A" D"li"<"0 at th" ti+" that using th"
    +"tho0 o/ /irst a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail to th" ti+" allott"0 DB statut" or rul" an0 th"n
    co+-uting th" ti+" -"rio0, Aas a si+-l"r an0 s-""0i"r co+-utation sch"+".
    8

    4oA"<"r, in $$4, a/t"r our 0"cisions in !oss an0 Custo+ CaDin"t, A" a+"n0"0 N!C, ' to D"
    consist"nt Aith th" 198# a+"n0+"nts to th" /"0"ral rul".
    9
    U%hat a+"n0+"nt +a0" th" ")clusion o/
    int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs, Sun0aBs, an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs a--licaDl" in co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s o/ l"ss
    than 11 0aBs.
    1$
    UB"/or" th" $$4 a+"n0+"nt, N!C, 'Ja? onlB ")clu0"0 int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial
    0aBs in co+-uting -"rio0s o/ l"ss than 7 0aBs. U S"<"ral /"0"ral courts ha<" consi0"r"0 th" int"nt
    D"hin0 (!C, 'J"?Cs 3&0aB +ailing alloAanc" in int"r-r"ting th" 198# a+"n0+"nt to th" co+-utation
    -ro<ision o/ (!C, 'Ja?.
    11
    U3n co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s in thos" cas"s, th" /"0"ral 0"cisions ha<"
    /ocus"0 on th" G-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0H an0 0"t"r+in"0 that it 0o"s not inclu0" th" 3 a00itional
    0aBs /or +ailing un0"r !ul" 'J"?. U %hos" /"0"ral courts ha<" th"r"/or" /oun0 that th" l"ss&than&11&
    0aB -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'Ja? is a--licaDl" to 1$&0aB -"rio0s "<"n Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB +ail.
    3n th" /irst s"+inal cas" a/t"r th" 198# a+"n0+"nt to (!C, ', a /"0"ral 0istrict court in NaltB <.
    NaltB %r"" (ar+ r"cogniI"0 that th" a+"n0+"nt GAas int"n0"0 to ")t"n0 th" r"s-ons" ti+" alloA"0
    un0"r <arious rul"s -r"scriDing t"n 0aB li+its.HW
    1
    U%h" NaltB court oDs"r<"0, hoA"<"r, that a00ing
    a00itional ti+" /or +ailing un0"r !ul" 'J"? to cr"at" a 13&0aB ti+" -"rio0 ulti+at"lB r"sult"0 in th"
    sa+" a+ount o/ ti+" that Aas alloA"0 D"/or" th" 198# a+"n0+"nt D"caus" at that ti+", nonFu0icial
    0aBs A"r" not ")clu0"0 /ro+ th" co+-utation o/ 1$&0aB -"rio0s.
    13
    U%h" court 0"t"r+in"0 that
    $ Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00269
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    GNsOuch a r"sult cannot D" consist"nt Aith th" oD<ious int"ntions o/ th" a0<isorB co++itt""H an0
    0"clar"0 that GNtOh" +ailing rul" shoul0 -ro<i0" thr"" ")tra 0aBs, in a00ition to Ahat"<"r -"rio0 th"
    -artB Aoul0 oth"rAis" ha<", to r"/l"ct th" -r"su+"0 la-s" in notic" D"caus" o/ s"r<ic" DB +ail.HW
    14
    U
    %h" NaltB court thus h"l0 that th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or +ailing shoul0 D" a00"0 onlB a/t"r co+-uting
    th" ti+" -"rio0 un0"r !ul" 'Ja?.
    1#

    7iE"Ais", in 7"rro <. KuaE"r 8ats Co.,
    1'
    th" S"<"nth Circuit Court o/ 2--"als a00r"ss"0 this sa+"
    issu" in th" cont")t o/ an oDF"ction to a +agistrat" Fu0g"Cs r"-ort an0 conclu0"0 that Gth" -"rio0 o/
    ti+"H in !ul" 'Ja? Aas not th" su+ o/ all alloAaDl" -"rio0s. U %h" court not"0 that !ul" 'J"? is
    G0"sign"0 to gi<" a litigant a--ro)i+at"lB th" sa+" "//"cti<" ti+" to r"s-on0 Ah"th"r -a-"rs ar"
    s"r<"0 DB han0 or DB +ail.HW
    17
    U2n0 th" court r"ason"0 that GNtOh" onlB AaB to carrB out !ul" 'J"?Cs
    /unction o/ a00ing ti+" to co+-"nsat" /or 0"laBs in +ail 0"li<"rB is to "+-loB !ul" 'Ja? /irst.HW
    18

    3n %ushn"r <. 6nit"0 Stat"s .istrict Court /or C"ntral .istrict o/ Cali/ornia, th" Ninth Circuit Court
    o/ 2--"als conclu0"0 that th" 1$&0aB -"rio0 -r"scriD"0 /or /iling a FurB 0"+an0 0i0 not D"co+" a 13&
    0aB -"rio0 /or -ur-os"s o/ !ul" 'Ja? as a r"sult o/ th" s"r<ic"&DB&+ail -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'J"?.
    19
    U%h"
    court stat"0 that !ul" 'J"? shoul0 not D" Gconstru"0 to r"n0"r -r"scriD"0 -"rio0s o/ l"ss than "l"<"n
    0aBs in"ligiDl" /or D"n"/icial tr"at+"nt un0"r !ul" 'Ja?H an0 conclu0"0 that it GAoul0 D" ano+alous
    to int"r-r"t th" rul"s so that a litigant s"r<"0 DB +ail Aoul0 ha<" l"ss ti+" /or action than a litigant
    s"r<"0 -"rsonallB.HW
    $
    U3nst"a0, th" court h"l0 that GNtOh" -"rio0 is calculat"0 /irst DB a--lBing th"
    l"ss&than&"l"<"n&0aB -ro<ision o/ !ul" 'Ja?, th"r"DB ")clu0ing anB int"r<"ning A""E"n0s an0 l"gal
    holi0aBs. U 2/t"r this co+-utation, thr"" a00itional 0aBs ar" a00"0 /or +ail s"r<ic" un0"r !ul" 'J"?.HW
    1

    1 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00270
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    2s A" not"0 in Custo+ CaDin"t, /"0"ral 0"cisions ar" not Din0ing on this court.

    U4oA"<"r, GNAO"
    ha<" -r"<iouslB r"cogniI"0 that /"0"ral 0"cisions in<ol<ing th" ("0"ral !ul"s o/ Ci<il ,roc"0ur"
    -ro<i0" -"rsuasi<" authoritB Ah"n this court ")a+in"s its rul"s.HW
    3
    U8n th" -articular issu" o/
    co+-uting ti+" un0"r N!C, ', th" /"0"ral 0"cisions 0iscuss"0 aDo<" in r"gar0 to th" /"0"ral rul" ar"
    logicallB co+-"lling.
    8ur 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss r"/l"ct th" courtCs 0"sir" to +aintain a si+-l", "//ici"nt
    an0 uni/or+ sBst"+ /or co+-uting ti+" -"rio0s un0"r N!C, '.
    4
    4oA"<"r, n"ith"r o/ thos" cas"s
    consi0"r"0 th" i+-act that th"ir co+-utation sch"+" Aoul0 ha<" on /iling -"rio0s suDF"ct to th"
    -ro<ision in N!C, 'Ja? /or th" ")clusion o/ int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs. U 3n light o/ our r"c"nt
    a+"n0+"nt to N!C, 'Ja?, Ahich +a0" th" nonFu0icial&0aB ")clusion a--licaDl" to long"r ti+"
    -"rio0s, A" can no long"r r"concil" th" utilitB o/ !oss an0 Custo+ CaDin"t Aith th" sti/ling "//"ct
    that th"B ha<" on th" int"nt D"hin0 !ul" 'J"?. U!ul" 'J"? is int"n0"0 to -ro<i0" litigants Aith
    a00itional ti+" Ah"n s"r<ic" is +a0" DB +ail. U %h" co+-utation +"tho0 A" "+-loB"0 in Custo+
    CaDin"t an0 !oss AorEs contrarB to that int"nt. U 6sing th" +"tho0 "+-loB"0 in thos" cas"s a/t"r th"
    a+"n0+"nt to !ul" 'Ja?, Ah"n a 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 is in<ol<"0, th" -artB -"rsonallB s"r<"0 Aoul0
    alAaBs ha<" +or" ti+" to act than a -artB s"r<"0 DB +ail.
    (or ")a+-l", N!C, #9JD? -ro<i0"s that GNaO +otion /or a n"A trial shall D" /il"0 no lat"r than 1$ 0aBs
    a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ Aritt"n notic" o/ th" "ntrB o/ th" Fu0g+"nt.H U 3/ a -artB is -"rsonallB s"r<"0 Aith
    notic" o/ "ntrB, that -artB has 14 cal"n0ar 0aBs to /il" a +otion D"caus" un0"r N!C, 'Ja?, th"
    int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D" ")clu0"0 /ro+ th" co+-utation. U But un0"r th" !oss an0
    Custo+ CaDin"t co+-utation sch"+", i/ that -artB ha0 D""n s"r<"0 DB +ail, that -artB Aoul0 onlB
    ha<" 13 cal"n0ar 0aBs to /il" th" sa+" +otion D"caus" th" int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 D"
    inclu0"0 in th" co+-utation. U 2n0 a/t"r taEing into account th" actual ti+" /or 0"li<"rB o/ +ail, a
    Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00271
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    -artB s"r<"0 DB +ail Aoul0 c"rtainlB ha<" "<"n l"ss than 13 cal"n0ar 0aBs to act. U %his r"sult 0"/"ats
    th" -ur-os" o/ !ul" 'J"? an0 "ss"ntiallB +aE"s th" a+"n0+"nt to !ul" 'Ja? a nullitB DB con<"rting
    1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0s into 13&0aB -"rio0s that 0o not garn"r th" D"n"/it o/ th" a+"n0+"nt. U 2s th"
    S"<"nth Circuit oDs"r<"0 in 7"rro, GNiOnt"ractions Aithin a co+-l") s"t o/ rul"s so+"ti+"s can ha<"
    un")-"ct"0 an0 unA"lco+" "//"cts, Dut A" shoul0 not cr"at" th"+ Ah"n th" t")t r"a0ilB can D"ar
    anoth"r +"aning.HW
    #
    U:" shoul0 not 0o so h"r" in int"r-r"ting N!C, '.
    V:" th"r"/or" r"<"rs" our 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss to th" ")t"nt that th"B r"quir" that
    /iling -"rio0s D" co+-ut"0 DB a00ing th" 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"? to th"
    -r"scriD"0 -"rio0 D"/or" a--lBing N!C, 'Ja?. U Consist"nt Aith th" co+-"lling /"0"ral cas"s
    0iscuss"0 aDo<", A" hol0 that th" 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 /or /iling +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/
    laA an0 /or a n"A trial shoul0 D" calculat"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Ja?, ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" Satur0aBs,
    Sun0aBs an0 nonFu0icial 0aBs. U 3/ s"r<ic" Aas +a0" DB +ail or "l"ctronic +"ans, 3 0aBs shoul0
    th"r"a/t"r D" a00"0 -ursuant to N!C, 'J"?.
    3n this cas", notic" o/ th" Fu0g+"ntCs "ntrB Aas s"r<"0 DB +ail on %hurs0aB, 2-ril 1, $$#. U
    Co+-uting th" 1$&0aB ti+" -"rio0 /ro+ this 0at" an0 ")clu0ing int"r+"0iat" nonFu0icial 0aBs un0"r
    N!C, 'Ja?, ")t"n0"0 th" 0"a0lin" /or tolling +otions to %hurs0aB, 5aB #, $$#. U 200ing 3 0aBs at
    that -oint /or s"r<ic" DB +ail +a0" 5on0aB, 5aB 9, $$#, th" /inal 0"a0lin" to /il" +otions /or
    Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA or /or a n"A trial. U 2--"llantCs +otions A"r" /il"0 D"/or" that 0at", an0
    th"r"/or" th"B A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al. U %h"r"a/t"r, a--"llant
    ti+"lB /il"0 a notic" o/ a--"al Aithin 3$ 0aBs a/t"r s"r<ic" o/ Aritt"n notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r
    r"sol<ing th" tolling +otions.
    '

    3 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00272
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    V(inallB, although th" +otion to 0is+iss an0 o--osition 0i0 not a00r"ss Ah"th"r a--"llantCs tolling
    +otions toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s, D"caus" o/ th"
    a+Diguous natur" o/ this ar"a o/ laA an0 th" -ot"ntial -it/all that it +aB -r"s"nt to -ractition"rs, A"
    "l"ct to a00r"ss it sua s-ont".
    7
    U%h" -r"cis" issu" is Ah"th"r a tolling +otion 0ir"ct"0 at th" /inal
    Fu0g+"nt also tolls th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ a s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U %his is an issu" o/
    /irst i+-r"ssion in N"<a0a.
    V2n or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs is suDstanti<"lB a--"alaDl" as a s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal
    Fu0g+"nt.
    8
    US-"cial or0"rs a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt ar" a--"alaDl" D"caus" th"B a//"ct th" rights o/ a
    -artB groAing out o/ th" /inal Fu0g+"nt.
    9
    U7iE" an a--"al /ro+ a /inal Fu0g+"nt, an a--"al /ro+ an
    or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs +ust D" /il"0 no +or" than 3$ 0aBs /ro+ th" 0at" that notic"
    o/ th" or0"rCs "ntrB is s"r<"0.
    3$

    4"r", notic" o/ "ntrB o/ th" or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs Aas s"r<"0 on a--"llant on @un"
    1$, $$#. U 4oA"<"r, a--"llant 0i0 not /il" its notic" o/ a--"al until @ulB 9, $$#&A"ll D"Bon0 th"
    3$&0aB ti+" li+it alloA"0 un0"r N!2, 4Ja?J1?. U 2ccor0inglB, this court onlB has Furis0iction to
    consi0"r issu"s r"lating to th" attorn"B /""s an0 costs or0"r i/ th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ that or0"r Aas
    toll"0 DB a--"llantCs +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or a n"A trial.
    N!2, 4Ja?J4? -ro<i0"s that Ah"n a tolling +otion is /il"0, Gth" ti+" to /il" a notic" o/ a--"al runs /or
    all -arti"s /ro+ "ntrB o/ an or0"r 0is-osing o/ th" last such r"+aining +otion.H U %his courtCs
    0"cisions ha<" "<aluat"0 tolling +otions in th" cont")t o/ a--"als /ro+ /inal Fu0g+"nts.
    31
    U4oA"<"r,
    D"caus" N!2, 4Ja?J4? 0o"s not s-"ci/B /ro+ Ahich or0"rs th" ti+" to a--"al +aB D" toll"0, its
    a--licaDilitB to -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"rs aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs is uncl"ar.
    4 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00273
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    3n this cas", th" or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s to r"s-on0"nt Aas -r"0icat"0 on th" /inal Fu0g+"nt in
    r"s-on0"ntCs /a<or. U %h"r" is thus a clos" conn"ction D"tA""n th" /inal Fu0g+"nt an0 th" s-"cial
    or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt in that a chang" to th" /inal Fu0g+"nt Aoul0 liE"lB r"sult in a chang" to th"
    s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U BB 0"/inition, anB s-"cial or0"r a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt +ust D"
    clos"lB r"lat"0 to th" Fu0g+"nt. U %his clos" conn"ction l"a0s us to conclu0" that th" tolling +otions
    "nu+"rat"0 in N!2, 4Ja?J4? a--lB to Doth tB-"s o/ or0"rs. U 2nB oth"r int"r-r"tation o/ N!2, 4Ja?
    J4? Aoul0 r"sult in th" a--"al o/ a -ost&Fu0g+"nt or0"r -roc""0ing in this court Ahil" th" un0"rlBing
    Fu0g+"nt Aas still suDF"ct to chang" 0uring th" -"n0"ncB o/ tolling +otions in th" 0istrict court. U
    Such an "//"ct Aoul0 not onlB i+-"0" Fu0icial "cono+B an0 r"sult in -i"c"+"al litigation,
    3
    Dut it
    Aoul0 also liE"lB D" count"rintuiti<" to +anB l"gal -ractition"rs an0 cr"at" signi/icant con/usion o<"r
    th" ti+" /or /iling a--"als /ro+ s-"cial or0"rs a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U 2s A" ha<" -r"<iouslB
    ")-lain"0, GNtOh" /iling o/ a si+-l" notic" o/ a--"al Aas int"n0"0 to taE" th" -lac" o/ +or"
    co+-licat"0 -roc"0ur"s to oDtain r"<i"A, an0 th" notic" shoul0 not D" us"0 as a t"chnical tra- /or th"
    unAarB 0ra/ts+an.HW
    33
    U8ur int"r-r"tation o/ N!2, 4Ja?J4? tolling +otions shoul0 r"/l"ct our int"nt
    to -r"s"r<" a si+-l" an0 "//ici"nt -roc"0ur" /or /iling a notic" o/ a--"al.
    V:" th"r"/or" hol0 that a ti+"lB /il"0 tolling +otion un0"r N!2, 4Ja?J4? tolls th" ti+" to a--"al
    /ro+ Doth /inal Fu0g+"nt an0 s-"cial or0"rs "nt"r"0 a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U 2ccor0inglB, this court
    has Furis0iction to consi0"r th" +"rits o/ anB issu"s rais"0 in this a--"al r"lating to th" aAar0 o/
    attorn"B /""s an0 costs in th" 0istrict courtCs @un" 9, $$#, or0"r.
    C8NC76S38N
    :" r"<"rs" our 0"cisions in Custo+ CaDin"t an0 !oss to th" ")t"nt that th"B r"quir" that /iling
    -"rio0s D" co+-ut"0 DB a00ing 3 0aBs /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"? to th" -r"scriD"0 ti+"
    # Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00274
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    -"rio0 D"/or" a--lBing N!C, 'Ja?. U (urth"r, A" hol0 that th" G-"rio0 o/ ti+" -r"scriD"0H 0o"s not
    inclu0" th" 3&0aB alloAanc" /or s"r<ic" DB +ail un0"r N!C, 'J"? an0 that ti+" -"rio0s shoul0 D"
    calculat"0 /irst un0"r N!C, 'Ja? D"/or" a00ing ti+" un0"r N!C, 'J"?. U 6sing this +"tho0 o/
    co+-utation, A" conclu0" that a--"llantCs +otions /or Fu0g+"nt as a +att"r o/ laA an0 /or n"A trial
    A"r" ti+"lB /il"0 an0 thus "//"cti<"lB toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al. U 2s a r"sult, a--"llantCs notic" o/
    a--"al Aas ti+"lB /il"0. U 2ccor0inglB, A" 0"nB r"s-on0"ntCs +otion to 0is+iss.
    :" /urth"r hol0 that ti+"lB +otions list"0 un0"r N!2, 4Ja?J4? toll Doth th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th"
    /inal Fu0g+"nt an0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ a s-"cial or0"r "nt"r"0 a/t"r /inal Fu0g+"nt. U
    2ccor0inglB, this court also has Furis0iction to consi0"r th" +"rits o/ a--"llantCs a--"al /ro+ th"
    0istrict courtCs or0"r aAar0ing attorn"B /""s an0 costs in /a<or o/ r"s-on0"nt.
    (88%N8%ES
    1. VS"" N!2, 3Ja?; W2l<is <. Stat", >a+ing Control B0., 99 N"<. 184, ''$ ,.0 98$ J1983?.
    . VN!2, 4Ja?J4?.
    3. VN!C, #$JD?; WN!C, #9JD?.
    4. VN!C, 'J"?.
    #. V97 N"<. ##$, ##3 nn. 1 M , '3# ,.0 98, 3$$ nn. 1 M J1981?.
    '. V119 N"<. #1, #4&##, ' ,.30 741, 743 J$$3?.
    7. V30. at #4, ' ,.30 at 74&43.
    8. V30.
    9. VS"" N!C, ' 0ra/t"rCs not" J$$4?.
    1$. V30.
    ' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00275
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    11. VS"", ".g., NaltB <. NaltB %r"" (ar+, '#4 (.Su--. 131# JS...2la.1987?; W%ushn"r <. 6.S. .ist.
    Court /or C"nt. .ist. o/ Cal., 89 (.0 8#3 J9th Cir.1987?; W7"rro <. KuaE"r 8ats Co., 84 (.30 39
    J7th Cir.199'?.
    1. V'#4 (.Su--. at 1317.
    13. V30.
    14. V30.
    1#. V30. at 1317&18.
    1'. V84 (.30 39, 4.
    17. V30.
    18. V30.
    19. V89 (.0 at 8##&#'.
    $. V30. Jciting NaltB, '#4 (.Su--. at 1317?.
    1. V30. at 8##&#'.
    . V119 N"<. at #4, ' ,.30 at 74&43.
    3. VN"lson <. 4""r, 11 N"<. 83, 1 ,.30 1#, 1#3 J$$#?.
    4. VCusto+ CaDin"t, 119 N"<. at ##, ' ,.30 at 743.
    #. V84 (.30 at 4.
    '. VN!2, 4Ja?J4?.
    7. VS"" 2lDios <. 4oriIon Co++uniti"s, 3nc., 1 N"<. 4$9, 13 ,.30 1$ J$$'?; W5cNair <.
    !i<"ra, 11$ N"<. 4'3, 4'8 n. ', 874 ,.0 14$, 144 n. ' J1994?; WBra0l"B <. !o+"o, 1$ N"<. 1$3,
    1$#, 71' ,.0 7, 8 J198'?; W:"st"rn 3n0us., 3nc. <. >"n"ral 3ns. Co., 91 N"<. , 9&3$, #33
    ,.0 473, 478 J197#?.
    8. VS+ith <. CroAn (inancial S"r<ic"s, 111 N"<. 77, 89 n. , 89$ ,.0 7'9, 771 n. J199#?.
    7 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00276
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    9. VS"" >u++ <. 5ainor, 118 N"<. 91, #9 ,.30 1$ J$$?.
    3$. VN!2, 4Ja?J1?.
    31. VS"", ".g., 5att"r o/ 2--lication o/ .uong, 118 N"<. 9$, 9&3, #9 ,.30 11$, 11 J$$?
    Jconclu0ing that a ti+"lB /il"0 +otion to a+"n0 or +aE" a00itional /in0ings o/ /act toll"0 th" ti+" to
    a--"al /ro+ a /inal Fu0g+"nt 0"nBing a -"tition to s"al cri+inal r"cor0s?; WCha-+an 3n0ustri"s <.
    6nit"0 3nsuranc", 11$ N"<. 4#4, 4#7, 874 ,.0 739, 741 J1994? Jconclu0ing that ti+"lB /il"0 tolling
    +otions toll"0 th" ti+" to a--"al /ro+ th" /inal Fu0g+"nt?; W2Dl" El"ctric, 3nc. <. =au/+an, 1$4 N"<.
    9, 31&3, 7# ,.0 18, $ J1988? Jconclu0ing that a +otion to alt"r or a+"n0 toll"0 th" ti+" to
    a--"al /ro+ th" /inal Fu0g+"nt?.
    3. VS"", ".g., 4allicra/t"rs Co. <. 5oor", 1$ N"<. #', 78 ,.0 441 J198'?.
    33. V(or+an <. Eagl" %hri/tB .rugs M 5arE"ts, 89 N"<. #33, #3', #1' ,.0 134, 13# J1973?,
    o<"rrul"0 on oth"r groun0s DB >ar<in <. .ist. Ct., 118 N"<. 749, 7#1, #9 ,.30 118$, 1181 J$$?.H
    :inston ,ro0ucts <. ."Bo"r, 1 N"<. 20<.8-. 48, 134 ,. 3r0 7' J$$'?;
    %h" aDo<", a0+itt"0lB ")t"n0"0 citation, a--li"s to this issu"s at han0. :h"r"/or", th"
    u0n"rsign"0 s""Es a co-B o/ th" 8r0"r /ro+ th" 11 3$ , $11 %rial, inclu0ing anB Cont"+-t 8r0"r,
    Ahich +ust s"t /or th" Aith s-"ci/icitB -ursuant to 4ouston <. Eight @u0icial .istirct Court Ah"n
    @u0g" ,o+"ranI" -ut 4ouston in cu//s /or aDout 3$ +inut"s, a cas" 3 a+ so+"Ahat aAar" o/:
    Coughlin 5an0a+us:
    htt-:11cas"in/o.n<su-r"+"court.us1-uDlic1cas"Vi"A.0oXcs33.Y74'
    4ouston 5an0a+us:
    htt-:11cas"in/o.n<su-r"+"court.us1-uDlic1cas"Vi"A.0oXcs33.Y14$#
    .2%E. this ."c"+D"r 1'th, $11
    Z1s1 Zach Coughlin
    Zach Coughlin
    ."/"n0ant
    8 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00277
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    DECLARATION OF ZACH COUGHIN
    1. 3 a+ th" ."/"n0ant in this action.
    . 3 a+ not sur" ")actlB Ahat @u0g" 4oAar0 8r0"r"0 at th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r $
    th
    ,
    $ll %rial
    3. 3 ha<" not D""n "ntir"lB sur" Ahat th" 0i//"r"nc" is D"tA""n "+ails an0 /a)"s, as +anB -"o-l"
    s"n0 /a)"s /ro+ th"ir co+-ut"rs, liE" "+ail, an0 it is +B un0"rstan0ing that all "l"ctronic
    trans+issions, Ah"th"r t")t, soun0, <i0"o, Ahat"<"r, ar" ulti+at"lB Fust con<"rt"0 to s"ri"s o/
    1Cs an0 $Cs....Non"th"l"ss, 3 ha<" r"a0 th" !5C! !ul" # on s"r<ic" o/ +otions DB /asci+il"
    an0 +a0" r"asonaDl" att"+-ts to co+-lB Aith 5s. !oD"rts r"qu"st that 3 int"r-r"t that rul" to
    +"an a trans+ission o/ 1Cs an0 $Cs that is not G"+ailH Das"0. 2s such, 3 /a) h"r /ro+ a /a)
    nu+D"r o/ +in", 949&''7&74$ an0 ha<" /a)"0 h"r th" ."c"+D"r 13
    th
    5otion /or a N"A %rial,
    "tc. to 5s. !oD"rts at h"r /a) nu+D"r. 3 EnoA o/ EnoA rul" that alloAs 5s. !oD"rts, a -uDlic
    "+-loB"", to all th" su00"n 0"clar" a citiI"n is not alloA"0 to "+ail h"r, +uch l"ss o--osing
    couns"l in a cas".
    4. 2ttorn"Bs in -ri<at" -ractic", as /ar as 3 EnoA, +anag" to o-"n attach+"nts, us" S-BDot,
    5alAar"DBt"s, Su-"r2ntiS-BAar", Ahat"<"r....th"B +aE" it ha--"n Aithout a su-"r Dloat"0
    go<"rn+"ntal salarB an0 0onCt clai+ a G/"ar o/ <irus"sH shoul0 0ictat" "<"rBthing, in +B
    o-inion.
    #. 2t th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r 3$
    th
    , $11 %rial, in0""0, s"<"ral hours -rior to its
    conclusion "<"n, 3 Aas ")tr"+"lB /aint an0 it Aas <"rB 0i//icult to /unction at th" l"<"l
    n"c"ssarB to -ut on a 0"/"ns". 3 0o not Aish to go into th" AhBCs an0 Ah"r"/or"s o/ this, it
    9 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00278
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    +aB in<ol<"0 2.21-ri<acB issu"s1+"0ical issu"s, Dut, su//ic" to saB, 3 in no AaB coul0 ha<"
    i+agin"0 that th" !5C Aoul0 s"" /it to hol0 "<"rBon" th"r", +anB g"tting -ai0 quit" a Dit o/
    o<"rti+", in so+" incr"0iDl" "//ort to +aE" sur" this on" littl" ol0 -"tit larc"nB trial got 0on"
    su-"r, su-"r /ast. 3 coul0 ha<" n"<"r i+agin"0 that th" %rial Aoul0 continu" until al+ost 9 -+
    at night, AhB, in +B ")-"ri"nc", go<"rn+"nt "+-loB""s g"n"rallB l"a<" th"ir o//ic" Duil0ings
    as soon a/t"r # -+ as hu+anlB -ossiDl". 2s such, 3 Aas in no AaB -r"-ar"0,
    -hBsicallB1+"ntallB1+"0icallB, "tc. to continu" on that lat" into th" "<"ning.
    '. 2--ar"ntlB, at th" clos" o/ %rial, @u0g" 4oAar0 +a0" a ruling. 3 ha<" r"c"i<"0 con/licting
    r"-orts as to Ah"th"r th" !5C is ass"rting that 3 "nt"r"0 a guiltB -l"a J3 0o not D"li"<" that
    ass"rtion co+-orts Aith r"alitB in anB AaB? or Ah"th"r @u0g" 4oAar0 +a0" a /in0ing o/
    Cont"+-t co++itt"0 in th" -r"s"nc" o/ th" Court .$3$ an0 su++arilB s"nt"nc"0 +" to
    thr"" 0aBs in Fail, Aith no -ossiDilitB o/ staB or a--"llat" r"<i"A, 0"s-it" @u0g" 4oAar0 ha<ing
    0"ni"0 +" +B Si)th 2+"n0+"nt !ight %o Couns"l, assuring +" h" Aoul0 not or0"r anB
    incarc"ration. 3 outlin"0 to @u0g" 4oAar0 Ahat a 0"<astating "//"ct his ruling +ight ha<" on
    +B cli"nts cas"s to th" ")t"nt h" Aas not a//or0ing +" anB o--ortunitB to h"l- th"+ +aE"
    oth"r arrang"+"nts to a<oi0 -r"Fu0icing th"ir cas"s, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0 agr""0 that h" Aas sa0
    aDout that th"n angrilB l"/t th" D"nch a/t"r ")clai+ing so+"thing liE" GA" ar" o// th" r"cor0H.
    7. 2t that -oint @u0g" 4oAar0Cs t"a+ o/ 5arshalls J3 thinE aDout /our o/ th" 5arshalls, at l"ast
    A"r" AorEing at o<"rti+" Aag"s at that -oint in th" night to insur" that th" :al&5art cl"rE
    Aoul0 not D" Dur0"n"0 DB ha<ing to r"turn to court 0uring nor+al Dusin"ss hours shoul0 a
    continuanc" ha<" D""n grant"0? stor+"0 u- to +" an0 0"+an0"0 3 assu+" a han0cu//"0
    -osition, 0"s-it" +B -assionat" -l"as that 3 n""0"0 to D" aDl" to hit th" Gsa<"H Dutton on +B
    not"s /ro+ th" trial on +B n"tDooE co+-ut"r. %h" 5arshals tol0 +" that Aas not alloA"0 to
    3$ Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00279
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    hit th" Gsa<"H Dutton an0 that th"B 0i0nCt car" aDout +B not"s D"ing lost. 3ts r"allB Aas quit"
    r"+arEaDl" th" ")t"nt to Ahich th"s" 5arshals tr"at"0 +" liE" 3 Fust EnocE"0 o// a liquor stor"
    Aith a /ir"ar+, -istol Ahi--"0 th" cashi"r, th"n ha--"n"0 u-on th"+ in th" -arEing lot a/t"r
    th"B Aitn"ss"0 th" "ntir" "<"nt.
    8. 3 Aas taE"n DacE to a hol0ing c"ll /or s"<"ral +inut"s, Ah"r"u-on 3 Aas su++on"0 DacE into
    th" court roo+ an0 @u0g" 4oAar0s -r"s"nc" Ah"r" h" talE"0 so+" +or". 2s 3 r"call, @u0g"
    4oAar0 +"ntion"0 a 1$ 0aB li+itations -"rio0 or 0"a0lin" that Aoul0 D" running /ro+ th"
    notic" o/ "ntrB o/ his V"r0ict an0 Cont"+-t (in0ing. @u0g" 4oAar0 +"ntion"0 that, gi<"n
    that h" Aas incarc"rating +" /or th" n")t 3 0aBs, h" Aas going to ")t"n0 all 0"a0lin"s Ahich
    +ight a--lB to anB notic"s o/ a--"al or +otions s""Eing a n"A trial, to s"t asi0" th" Fu0g+"nt,
    <acat", "tc an a00itional thr"" 0aBs a/t"r th" nor+al ti+" on Ahich thos" li+itations -"rio0s
    Aoul0 run. @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to ")-lain that this Aoul0 ha<" th" "//"ct o/ gi<ing +"
    +or" ti+" to un0"rtaE" to /il" th"s" -l"a0ings, +otions, an0 notic"s i/ 3 so choos" so that th"
    su++arB incarc"ration JAhich @u0g" 4oAar0 Aas sur" to -oint out Aoul0 not D" DailaDl" or
    oth"rAis" circu+<"nt"0 DB anB att"+-ts to acc"ss Fustic"? Aoul0 not -r"Fu0ic" +B aDilitB to
    0o so. 2s 3 un0"rstoo0 it this +"ant l"ngth"ning th" ti+" 3 ha0 to /il" such -a-"rs, not
    short"ning it, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to in0icat" that th" -"rio0 to /il" such things Aoul0
    still D" a0Fu0g"0 to D" Aithin th" 11 0aBs or l"ss cit"0 in N!C, 'Ja?, an0, as such, non
    Fu0icial 0aBs Aoul0 not count toAar0s th" 1$ 0aBs Aithin Ahich 3 +ust /il" th" <arious -ost
    V"r0ict -a-"rs 3 +ight Aant to /il". @u0g" 4oAar0 s""+"0 to in0icat" that th" thr"" a00itional
    0aBs h" Aas granting +" Aoul0 D" a00"0 on a/t"r th" ")-iration o/ thos" 1$ non Fu0icial 0aBs
    /ro+ notic" o/ "ntrB o/ @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r Aas /il"0 Aith th" !5C an0 s"r<"0 u-on +".
    31 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00280
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    9. 3t is +B r"coll"ction that @u0g" 4oAar0 th"n l"/t th" courtroo+ an0 3 Aas l"/t alon" Aith
    aDout 4 5arshals, all coll"cting o<"rti+". 2t that -oint th" got a Dit rough Aith +" an0
    start"0 s-"aEing in <"rB hostil", o+inous ton"s, sho<ing so+" -a-"rs in /ront o/ +B /ac", Dut
    not long "nough /or +" to D" aDl" to r"a0 th"+ or 0isc"rn Ahat th"B r"lat"0 to. %h" 5arshals
    D"gan 0"+an0ing that 3 sign th"s" -a-"rs. 3 asE"0 th"+ i/ th"B A"r" +ortgag" 0ocu+"nts or
    -"rha-s so+" stu0"nt loan agr""+"nts or oth"r sorts o/ 0ocu+"nts /or Ahich anB r"asonaDl"
    -"rson Aoul0 Aant an o--ortunitB to r"<i"A -rior to signing. %his +a0" th" 5arshals "<"n
    +or" angrB than th"B nor+allB s""+, an0 th"B tB-icallB s""+ <"rB, <"rB angrB +ost o/ th"
    ti+", to +" at l"ast. 3n /act, 5arshal 5"ntI"l, at 5B 8ctoD"r 11
    th
    , $11 arraign+"nt ha0
    D"co+" "nrag"0 Aith +" /or asEign qu"stions aDout +B Si)th 2+"n0+"nt !ight to Couns"l. 3
    r"-ort"0 this to th" court an0 "<"n +a0" a notation aDout it, 3 D"li"<", on th" 0ocu+"nt
    5arshal 5"ntI"l 0"+an0"0 3 sign on that 0aB. %hat sa+" 0aB 5arshal 5"ntI"l criticiI"0 +"
    to +B /ac" a/t"r 3 a--"ar"0 D"/or" @u0g" >ar0n"r /or th" arraign+"nt. 5"ntI"l tol0 +" 3 ha0
    asE"0 @u0g" >ar0n"r stu-i0 qu"stions, an0 3 D"li"<" h" +a0" so+" oth"r insulting an0
    thr"at"ning r"+arEs to +" at that ti+", Dut 3 a+ a Dit a/rai0 to g"t into h"r" in +uch 0"tail.
    1$. So, on No<"+D"r 3$
    th
    , $11, a/t"r @u0g" 4oAar0 l"/t th" courtroo+ th" 5arshals Aoul0 not
    l"t +" r"a0 th" -a-"rs th"B Aant"0 +" to sign /or +or" than a s"con0 or tAo D"/or" th"B
    D"gan houn0ing +" to sign th"+ in angrB an0 thr"at"ning ton"s. 3 Aas so 0istraught /ro+ th"
    <arious irr"gulariti"s 3 -"rc"i<"0 in th" %rial, an0 that Aas onlB co+-oun0"0 DB th" thuggish
    D"ha<ior o/ th" 5arshals, Aho quicElB in/or+"0 +" that th"B 0i0nCt ha<" ti+" /or +" to r"a0
    anBthing an0 0ragg"0 +" aAaB to th" 3 0aBs o/ incarc"ration 3 /ac"0, Ahil" +B car Aas sur"
    to g"t toA"0 J"s-"ciallB consi0"ring th" ."-ut""s at th" :asho" CountB @ail saA /it to r"/us"
    to alloA +" to +aE" +or" than, 3 D"li"<", a singl" -hon" call, shortlB a/t"r arri<ing at th" Fail,
    3 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00281
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Ah"r"u-on th"B A"nt into th"ir usual routin" o/ r"taliating against on" Aho r"/us"s to 0i<ulg"
    th"ir r"ligious -r"/"r"nc" or on" Aho cannot ansA"r all o/ th"ir highlB in<asi<" qu"stions Aith
    th" ")act 0"gr"" o/ s-"ci/icitB th"B 0"+an0. %his r"taliation, in +B cas", inclu0"0 /orcing +"
    into so+" sort o/ -osition on +B En""s ")tr"+"lB clos" to th" crotch"s o/ s"<"ral :CS8
    ."-ut""s in so+" sort o/ sa0istic /orc"0 si+ulation o/ +B -"r/or+ing oral s") u-on th"+, at
    l"ast /ro+ +B -oint o/ <i"A. 3 Aas -lac"0 in a /r""Iing col0 roo+, Aith a c"+"nt /loor, DB
    +Bs"l/, in r"taliaton /or /ailing to 0isclos" +B r"ligious -r"/"r"nc" an0 in0icating that 3 Aas
    not ")actlB sur" hoA +uch +on"B 3 +a0" "ach +onth gi<"n th" <ariaDl" natur" o/ +B
    co+-"nsation. 3 Aas -lac" alon" in a hol0ing c"ll Aith nothing Dut a Aoo0"n D"nch, an0 th"
    ic" col0 c"+"nt /loor 0u" to th" c"ll D"ing s"qu"st"r"0 aAaB /ro+ th" Duil0ings h"at sourc"s,
    inclu0ing oth"r -"o-l". 5B 0og Aas l"/t to /"n0 /or its"l/. 5B 0og Aas /"atur" in this
    ."c"+D"rCs N"<a0a 7aAB"r +agaIin", @acEson ,aAlucE, a 3 B"ar ol0 ,"Eingn"s".
    11. 3 .aBs lat"r Ah"n 3 Aas r"l"as" /ro+ Fail, th" -"rsonal -ro-"rtB r"turn"0 to +" 0i0 not
    inclu0"0 anB V"r0ict or Cont"+-t (in0ing18r0"r r"lat"0 to th" No<"+D"r 3$
    th
    , $11 %rial in
    !5C 11 C! 17'. 3 call"0 s"<"ral ti+"s in th" 0aBs /olloAing +B r"l"as" an0 s-oE" Aith
    V"ronica 7o-"I Jthough it tooE s"<"ral 0aBs to asc"rtain h"r last na+" gi<"n that n"ith"r sh"
    nor anBon" associat"0 Aith th" !5C Aoul0 0i<ulg" it to +"? Aho+ in/or+"0 +" that 3 ha0
    D""n s"r<"0 @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r at th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r 3$
    th
    , $11 %rial. 5s.
    7o-"I i++"0iat"lB tooE a DullBing, hostil", aggr"ssi<" ton" Aith +" that s""+ co+-l"t"lB out
    o/ -lac" co+ing /ro+ h"r gi<"n th" -osition o/ authoritB th" -uDlic has "ntrust"0 h"r Aith an0
    Ahat 3 /""l is a 0utB on h"r -art to att"+-t to co+" across as GFu0icialH rath"r than tBrannical.
    1. 3 in/or+"0 5s. 7o-"I that 3 0i0 not /""l 3 ha0 D""n s"r<"0 at all, an0 that 3 Aas not at all sur"
    Ahat sh" Aas r"/"rring to, Dut that 3 Aoul0 0"/init"lB liE" to g"t a co-B o/ anB 8r0"r
    33 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00282
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    i++"0iat"lB, as A"ll as a co-B o/ th" au0io o/ th" %rial. 3 D"li"<" 5s. 7o-"I in/or+"0 +"
    that 3 Aoul0 not D" alloA"0 a co-B o/ th" au0io, Dut that 3 Aoul0 n""0 to -aB /or a transcri-t to
    D" +a0". 3 a+ sur", hoA"<"r, that a /"+al" !5C /iling o//ic" count"r "+-loB"" tol0 +" on
    or aDout th" sa+" 0aB that 3 Aoul0 not "<"r D" -ro<i0"0 a co-B o/ th" au0io r"cor0ing o/ th"
    trial Dut that 3 Aoul0 n""0 to -aB to ha<" a transcri-t +a0", an0 that 3 coul0 onlB us" ,a+
    7ongoni, th" !5CCs 8//icial %ranscri-tist.
    13. 3 call"0 5s. 7ongoni an0 Ah"n 3 /inallB got ahol0 o/ h"r sh" in/or+"0 +" that sh" Aoul0 n""0
    th" !5C to alloA h"r acc"ss to th" au0io J0"s-it" h"r D"ing GlinE"0H to th" !5CCs sBst"+s?,
    an0 that until that Aas 0on", sh" coul0 not quot" +" an "sti+at" /or th" transcri-t cost, nor
    coul0 sh" acc"-t anB -aB+"nt /or+ +". 3 D"li"<" 5s. 7ongoni /urth"r in0icat"0 to +" that 3
    Aoul0 not D" aDl" to g"t a co-B o/ th" actual au0io r"cor0ing "ith"r
    14. 3 ha<" s"nt s"<"ral Aritt"n co++unications an0 ha0 s"<"ral <"rDal co++unications Aith ..
    Ballar0 an0 oth"r !5C -"rsonn"l ")-r"ssing +B ")ig"nt 0"sir" to g"t a co-B o/ th" au0io o/
    th" %rial, an0 hoA n"c"ssarB it Aas to -r"-aring /ilings1+otions1-l"a0ings /or Ahich 3 ha0 a
    <"rB li+it"0 -"rio0 o/ ti+" to cra/t.
    1#. B"/or", Ahil", an0 a/t"r s-"aEing Aith 5s. Ballar0, a g"ntl"+an Ahos" na+" "sca-"s +" Dut
    Aho is a /iling count"r cl"rE at th" !5C tol0 +" 3 Aoul0 n""0 to g"t a suD-o"na to g"t a co-B
    o/ th" !5C 0ocE"t in +B cas", an0 that h" coul0nCt gi<" +" co-i"s o/ anBthing in +B cas",
    c"rtainlB not th" 8r0"r st"++ing /ro+ th" No<"+D"r 3$
    th
    , $11 %rial, that h" 0i0 not ha<"
    acc"ss to such, an0 "<"n i/ h" 0i0, Aoul0 not -ro<i0" it, an0 that his sBst"+ 0i0 not shoA
    "ntrB o/ anBthing in conn"ction Aith th" No<"+D"r 3$
    th
    , $11 %rial. 4" /urth"r <"ri/i"0 that
    th"r" ha0 not D""n anB "ntrB in his G0ocE"tH /or !5C 11 C!17' 3 an0 that no Notic" o/
    EntrB o/ 8r0"r or EntrB o/ 8r0"r ")ist"0 in his sBt"+ or co+-ut"r /or that +att"r /olloAing
    34 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00283
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    th" %rial. 4" 0i0 in0icat" that Gth"BH sai0 th" 5otion /or N"A %rial that 3 ha0 r"c"ntlB /il"0
    Aas ti+"lB, an0 3 D"li"<" h" sai0 Gth"BH sai0 th" 0aB h" an0 3 A"r" curr"ntlB s-"aEing Aas
    Gth" last 0aB th"B ga<" Bou to /il"H, Ahich 3 D"li"<" %u"s0aB, ."c"+D"r 13
    th
    , an0 gi<"n th"
    Ga00itional 3 0aBsH languag" that 3 r"call @u0g" 4oAar0 +"ntioning h" Aas a00ing on to
    alloA +" +or" ti+" to /il", Aoul0 +"an that Gth"BH J3 tooE Gth"BH to D" GV"ronicaH, Aho+
    th" g"ntl"+an cl"rE st"a0/astlB r"/us"0 to i0"nti/B DB last na+" an0 /or Ahich th" -hon"
    nu+D"r h" Arot" 0oAn /or +" in his oAn han0Ariting Aith GV"ronicaH Aritt"n out turn"0 out
    to D" a 0isconn"ct"0 nu+D"r? ha0 assu+"0 s"r<ic" Aas a--ro-riat"lB -"r/or+"0 at th"
    conclusion o/ th" %rial, an0 that 13 0aBs D"gan running on th" /olloAing 0aB, that th" hal/ a
    0aB th" !5C is o-"n on (ri0aBs Aoul0 count as a /ull Fu0icial 0aB, an0 that non Fu0icial 0aBs
    Aoul0 D" inclu0"0 in counting toAar0s this 13 0aBs gi<"n th" AaB Gth"BH or GV"ronicaH ha0
    int"r-r"t"0 @u0g" 4oAar0Cs 8r0"r, a--ar"ntlB in a AaB that +a0" th" ti+" 3 ha0 to /il" th"s"
    <arious -a-"rs short"r than it Aoul0 ha<" D""n ha0 @u0g" 4oAar0 si+-lB not grant"0 an
    a00itional thr"" 0aBs gi<"n th" 0ictat"s o/ not counting non Fu0icial 0aBs in N!C, 'J"?. 3t is
    +B un0"rstan0ing, hoA"<"r, th" 3 ha<" not "<"n D""n s"r<"0 this V"r0ict18r0"r, an0 that anB
    li+itations -"rio0 +ust not "<"n D"gin running until 3 a+ a--ro-riat"lB s"r<"0. V"ronica
    a0+itt"0 to +" on th" -hon", 3 D"li"<" on 5on0aB or %u"s0aB Ah"n 3 call"0 h"r /ro+ th"
    /r"" -hon" in th" :asho" CountB 7aA liDrarB Aith laA liDarian "+-loB"" 7in0a BlaE"l"B
    sitting Aithin "arshot, that th" !5C /"lt it ha0 a--ro-riat"lB s"r<"0 +" th" 8r0"r at th"
    conlcusion o/ th" trial an0 ha0 /ail"0 to oth"rAis" s"n0 +" a co-B in th" +ail or DB /a). 3
    asE"0 5s. 7o-"I i/ 3 coul0 g"t a co-B o/ th" 8r0"r, as A"ll as anB oth"r 8r0"rs that ha0 D""n
    issu"0 in th" cas". Sh" agr"" to /a) +" onlB th" 8r0"r /ro+ th" conclusion o/ th" No<"+D"r
    3$
    th
    , $11 %rial, r"/using to -ro<i0" anB oth"r 8r0"rs. 2s o/ B"t, 0"s-it" r"a0ing DacE to h"r
    3# Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00284
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    +B /a) nu+D"r at l"ast tAic", 3 ha<" B"t to r"c"i<" a /a) containing anBthing /ro+ th" !5C,
    +uch l"ss th" 8r0"r /olloAing th" No<"+D"r 3$, $11 %rial. 2lso, th" Cont"+-t 8r0"r is not
    su//ici"ntlB s-"ci/ic, an0 @u0g" 4oAar0s lacE th" Furis0iction to -r"<"nt a citiI"n /ro+
    contacting anB !5C "+-loB"" D" "+ail /or GanBH r"ason. 3t is that sort o/ "<i0"nt
    i+-artialitB an0 Gnot <"rB Fu0icialH D"ha<ior that augurs toAar0 s"tting asi0" this V"r0ict, in
    a00ition to @u0g" 4oAar0Cs "staDlish"0 -att"rn o/ 0"nBing +otions D"/or" th" ti+" /or th"
    CitB 2ttB to "<"n r"s-on0 has Dar"lB "<"n D"gun. %h" CitB attB Aas /a)"0 th" 1 13 11
    +otion. (urth"r %o+, o/ th" !5C /iling 0"sE tol0 Coughlin to "+ail his s-"ci/ic qu"stion to
    @u0g" 4oAar0 an0 th" !5C a0+inistrati<" assistant.
    2,,73C2%38N (8! .E(E!!27 8! :23VE! 8( C86!% (EES 2N. C8S%
    %his is an 2--lication /or ."/"rral o/ Court (""s an0 Costs.
    S%2%E5EN%S 52.E %8 %4E C86!% 6N.E! 82%4. 3 sA"ar or a//ir+ that th" in/or+ation in this a--lication is
    tru" an0 corr"ct. 3 +aE" this stat"+"nt un0"r th" -"naltB o/ -ros"cution /or -"rFurB i/ it is 0"t"r+in"0 that 3 0i0 not t"ll th"
    truth.
    3 a+ r"qu"sting a 0"/"rral or Aai<"r o/ th" /olloAing /""s an0 costs in +B cas":
    ZZZ)ZZZ2nB or all o/ th" /olloAing: 2ll /iling /""s; /""s /or th" issuanc" o/ "ith"r a su++ons an0 suD-o"na;
    ZZZ)ZZZ(""s /or oDtaining on" c"rti/i"0 co-B o/ a t"+-orarB or0"r in a 0o+"stic r"lations cas" or a /inal or0"r, Fu0g+"nt
    or 0"cr"" in all cri+inal -roc""0ings.
    ZZZ)ZZZ(""s /or s"r<ic" o/ -roc"ss DB a sh"ri//, +arshal, constaDl" or laA "n/orc"+"nt. (""s /or s"r<ic" DB -uDlication.
    ZZZTZZZ(iling /""s an0 -hotoco-B /""s /or th" -r"-aration o/ th" r"cor0 on a--"al.
    ZZZTZZZCourt r"-ort"r[s /""s o/ r"-ort"rs or transcriD"rs "+-loB"0 DB th" court /or th" -r"-aration o/ th" transcri-t.
    %h" Dasis /or th" r"qu"st is:
    1. :23VE!: 3 a+ -"r+an"ntlB unaDl" to -aB. 5B inco+" an0 liqui0 ass"ts ar" insu//ici"nt or Dar"lB su//ici"nt to +""t
    th" 0ailB "ss"ntials o/ li/" an0 unliE"lB to chang" in th" /or"s""aDl" /utur".
    . .E(E!!27:
    a. 5B inco+" is insu//ici"nt or is Dar"lB su//ici"nt to +""t th" 0ailB "ss"ntials o/ li/", an0 inclu0"s no allot+"nt that coul0
    D" Du0g"t"0 /or th" /""s an0 costs that ar" r"quir"0 to gain acc"ss to th" court.
    D. 3 0o not ha<" th" +on"B to -aB th" court /""s an0 costs noA. 3 0o not EnoA i/ 3 can -aB th" /""s an0 costs at a lat"r
    0at".
    2((3!52%38N ,ursuant to N!S 39B.$3$
    %h" un0"rsign"0 0o"s h"r"DB a//ir+ that th" -r"c"0ing 0ocu+"nt 0o"s not contain
    3' Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00285
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    th" social s"curitB nu+D"r o/ anB -"rson.
    ,ursuant to N!S #3.$4#, 3 0"clar" un0"r -"naltB o/ -"rFurB that th" /or"going is tru" an0 corr"ct. E)"cut"0 on ."c"+D"r
    1', $11
    .2%E. this ."c"+D"r 19th, $11
    Z1s1 Zach Coughlin
    Zach Coughlin
    ."/"n0ant
    37 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00286
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    ,!88( 8( SE!V3CE
    3, Zach Coughlin, 0"clar":
    8n ."c"+D"r 19, $11, 3, 5r. Zach Coughlin s"r<"0 th" /or"going 0ocu+"nt DB an0 /a)ing a
    tru" co-B th"r"o/ to:
    ,a+"la > !oD"rts, Esq.
    !"no CitB 2ttorn"BCs 8//ic" & Cri+inal .i<ison
    2,.8. Bo) 19$$ !"no , NV 89#$#
    ,hon" Nu+D"r: 77#&334&$#$
    (a) nu+D"r: 77#&334&4$
    E+ail: roD"rts-*r"no.go<
    an0 "+ailing to th" !5C an0 /a)ing to th" !5C J.. Ballar0 a--ro<"0 "+ail /iling?.
    !"no 5unici-al Court
    r"no+unir"cor0s*r"no.go<
    Cl"rE120+inistrator
    !"no 5unici-al Court
    8n" South Si"rra Str""t
    !"no, N"<a0a 89#$1
    (a): 77# 3' #1$#
    .2%E. %43S19th 0aB o/ ."c"+D"r, $11 B9:
    \ &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
    Zach Coughlin
    ."/"n0ant
    38 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00287
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    in0") to ")hDits:
    1. coll"ction o/ -a-"rs r"l"<ant to s"tting asi0", inclu0ing, in<"ntorB o/ -ro-"rtB r"turn"0 to
    Coughlin u-on r"l"as" /ro+ 3 0aBs Failing on 11111, uninitilia"0, B"t /il"0 sta+-"0 11 3$ 11
    8r0"r, no signatur" o/ Coughlin on 8r0"r, inconclusi<" Ah"th"r Gr"/us"0H on signatur" +"ans
    r"/us"0 to sign, r"/us"0 to hol0, "tc. 5arshals E"-t or0"r or oth"rAis" 0i0 not alloA Coughlin
    to 0o anBthing, liE" sa<" co+-ut"r not"s /or+ trial, +uch l"ss -ut a -a-"r in his Dag....!5C
    Gr"cC0 0at" sta+-"0 0isco<"rB that !5C tol0 Coughlin it 0i0 not ha<" 0"s-it" nu+"rous
    Aritt"n r"qu"sts /ro+ Coughlin /or it. 8 J"ight? -ag"s
    . Sa+-l" o/ CoughlinCs r"c"nt AorE as an attorn"B, /or Ahich h" has D""n -ai0 a gran0 total o/
    S#$ so /ar Car-"nti"r <. 2a+"s CV$8&17$9,
    3. 2noth"r sa+-l" o/ CoughlinCs AorE, /or Ahich h" Aas -ai0 S#$: Ca0l" V ="ll"r 2, in B=
    39 Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; 8--osition CitB o/ !"noCs Notic" o/ ."nial o/ S"r<ic"; !"qu"st /or Clari/ication !"gar0ing
    ."a0lin" /or (iling 5otion (or N"A %rial, 8th"r %olling 5otions, "tc
    00288
    EXHIBIT 1
    00289
    00290
    00291
    00292
    00293
    00294
    00295
    00296
    00297

    00298

    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE
    Nevada is one of the Western States of the US that are Non-Judicial States. In these
    states, foreclosures are governed by State Civil Code. These homeoners have it the
    toughest being in a non-!udicial state, "enders need not #rove anything. They can sim#ly
    notify the homeoner of the default, then after a certain number of days, as defined
    under State Civil Code, the #ro#erty then #roceeds to a Trustee sale at a #ublic auction.
    The only o#tion available to you if you are a Non-Judicial State resident is for you to
    file a civil action against your lender to com#el them to #rovide #roof of claim, and
    therefore standing. The other o#tion is to declare ban$ru#tcy. In ban$ru#tcy, generally
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %
    &
    'ach Coughlin, (s).
    *%+ N. ,irginia St. -.
    /eno, N, *012%
    Tele3 ++1-..0-4+5+
    6a73 080-44+-+82.
    'achCoughlin9hotmail.com
    :ttorney for Joni and James Car#entier
    J:;(S C:/<(NTI(/, (T :",
    <laintiff
    v.
    ::;(S 6UN=IN> C?/< (T:",
    =efendant

    Case No3 C,2*-2%+20
    =e#t No3 +
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR
    TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET
    ASIDE; MOTION FOR SANTIONS
    IN T@( S(C?N= JU=ICI:" =IST/ICT C?U/T ?6 T@(
    ST:T( ?6 N(,:=: IN :N= 6?/
    T@( C?UNTA ?6 W:S@?(
    00299
    s#ea$ing, you have to o#tions, Cha#ter + Bno assetC or a Cha#ter %5 BassetC. What some
    homeoners do is to declare Cha#ter + and list their #ro#erty as an unsecured asset and
    ait for the lender to ob!ect. This then #uts the burden of #roof on the lender. If your
    loan as closed ith lender : and is being foreclosed on by "ender D or C ... there must
    be Bby laC a valid chain of assignment to sho that "ender C is the real and beneficial
    #arty of interest. Decause of the #roblem of securitiEation, this is never done. This
    creates a real #roblem for the "ender Bho is fran$ly doing this fraudulently anyay,
    allegedlyC. 6or those ith a lot of assets Bsuch as e)uity in their homesC, they can do a
    Cha#ter %5. Under a Cha#ter %5 ban$ru#tcy, you can file an :dversary <roceeding
    here you sue your lender to com#el them to #roduce valid #roof of claim. The beauty
    ith Dan$ru#tcy Court is that you have the la on your side. /ule 522% BdC of the
    6ederal Code of Dan$ru#tcy re)uires that your lender #rovide evidence of F#erfected
    title.F If you choose to file a civil action against your lender, you better have #roof. The
    best #roof you can bring is a securitiEation audit to #rove that your loan has been
    securitiEed. Then, or$ ith your layer to build an argument around the #oints
    outlined in this boo$. Unfortunately, this ill set you bac$ at the minimum &1222, and
    more li$ely closer to &%2,222 to &.1,222. :nother o#tion you could do is to do a F)uic$
    reconveyance methodF as discussed in Cha#ter 8. This can be very effective in sto##ing
    your servicerGs ability to foreclose because it closes out the =eed of TrustH;ortgage.
    This method is only a##licable hen you have clear evidence of movement or
    securitiEation. Aou can find out more about this method on our ebsite under the
    <roducts tab. :lternatively, if you cannot afford a layer, you could try to do this
    yourself. >reat #laces to start are "iving"ies.com and sto#foreclosurefraud.com. These
    are blogs ith lots of articles, sam#le #leadings and lots of other resources I used during
    my research. :nother o#tion is to !oin our foreclosure defense membershi# #rogram.
    We realiEed that there are S? ;:NA homeoners needing hel#. That is hy e
    develo#ed a coaching membershi# #rogram ith s#ecific information and resources to
    hel# homeoners ith their foreclosure defense. ?ur membershi# #rogram has sam#le
    #leadings, sam#le res#onses, forms and #rocedures others have used in their foreclosure
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .
    00300
    defense. Aou ill also be able to netor$ ith other homeoners local to you ... meet
    ith them to have coffee, and su##ort each other. 6or more information about this
    #rogram, come to our ebsite at3 htt#3HH.consumerdefense#rograms.com : good
    #lace to start, if you are in a Non-Judicial State, is to start riting to your lender to
    demand that they #roduce valid #roof of claim. Aou can find a cou#le of sam#le letters
    on our site. This ill be a good #lace to get started.
    C?;( N?W, <laintiffs J:;(S S. C:/<(NTI(/ and J?:N (.
    C:/<(NTI(/, by and through their attorney, 'ach Coughlin, (s), as and for their
    claims for relief and hereby alleges and avers as follos. ?n July %1, .2%% a Notice
    of (ntry of ?rder as entered in the courtGs doc$et shoing an ?rder granting
    /(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS INC, :N= IU:"ITA "?:N S(/,IC(
    C?/<?/:TI?NGS ;?TI?N 6?/ SU;;:/A JU=>;(NT. Counsel Coughlin
    admits at the outset that this motion is somehat thron together in a rush.
    @oever, Coughlin only !ust became counsel of record in this case ith a very
    limited number of hours to file this motion. To that e7tent, Coughlin has herein cited
    to 6ederal authority for basic things, such as the standard for a ;otion for
    /econsideration Band barely, if any tolling authority to get #ast the .2 day
    re)uirement of W=C/ %5B+C and /ule %. is included herein, hoever, Coughlin
    commits to curing such deficiencies in short order and to ma$e great efforts not to
    #re!udice o##osing counsel ith unsu##orted argument or allegations hilst still
    Eealously #rotecting his clients rights. This is easier said than done given the the
    inordinately ve7atious conduct the undersigned has been sub!ected to lately incident
    to a rongful eviction stemming from a Commercial "ease here non-#ayment of
    rent as not alleged, yet a Summary (viction <roceeding too$ #lace anyay, and to
    to# it off, a rent escro de#osit as forced u#on the undersigned to the tune of
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE 5
    00301
    &.,.+4 in the middle of the Summary (viction <roceeding, in direct violation of N/S
    82..15B4C, and JC/C< *5. I in #re#aring this filing and in relation to the date of the
    TrusteeGs sale, set for =ecember .%, .2%% Bo##osing counsel Schuler-@intE did send
    an email to the undersigned late in the night of =ecember %*, .2%%, asserting that the
    Trustee Sale has been #ost#oned again to early 6ebruary, .2%., and, not to im#ugn
    ;s. Schuler-@intE credibility, but there does seem to be authority to suggest to
    Trustee Sales and the attendant scheduling changes, es#ecially those not reduced to a
    ritten sti#ulation, are a very hard thing to #in donC. This is the second time the
    undersigned has sent o##osing counsel some eleventh hour corres#ondence, only to
    me told, basically, Joh, the sale as moved a cou#le days agoK des#ite the fact that
    neither the undersigned or either of his clients Bthe timing of hose divorce
    dovetailed )uite nicely ith this foreclosure matterC as (,(/ informed of either of
    these #ost#onements of the scheduled TrusteeGs Sales and here the undersigned has
    no reason to believe that these sales are being #ost#oned for any reason other than the
    undersignedGs s)ua$ing, and here o##osing counsel has continually failed to
    #rovide any #roof that these #ost#onements occurred #rior to said s)ua$ing Bthe
    undersigned does recogniEe that it is #ossible that such #ost#onements are a matter of
    the #ublic record and that such a hunch by the undersigned might be !ust #lain
    rongC.
    The undersigned hereby re)uires the trustee to verify a com#rehensive list of
    issues related to the legal nature of the foreclosure #roceedings enacted by the lender,
    hich as a by#roduct, Car#entier as homeoner still retains full onershi# of the
    #ro#erty and lives there. The Trustee assumes the liability in auctioning the #ro#erty,
    and should not foreclose on the #ro#erty if there is a #otential violation #ointed out
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE 8
    00302
    to them #rior to the :uction Sale =ate as they could face sanctions and ultimately
    lose their license. To that end, the undersigned see$s a definite e7tension of time to
    verify these matters Band the overcome the deleterious effect rought on the
    undersigned life and la #ractice by the rongful eviction and alleged a##lication of
    an unlaful rent distraint and other bad faith conduct by the defendant and his
    counsel in /eno Justice Court case /ev.2%%-22%+2*. While Trustees are incredibly
    busy and generating huge #rofits and often continually #ost#one the sale date to
    #rovide themselves ade)uate time to research and res#ond to the issues raised by the
    undersigned to #rotect themselves, such has not been reduced to a ritten sti#ulation,
    as such this filing is necessary.
    FACTS
    %. :t all times mentioned herein, <laintiffs James S. Car#entier and Joan (.
    Car#entier, hereinafter collectively referred to as JC:/<(NTI(/,K are husband and
    ife residing in the County of Washoe, State of Nevada.
    .. =efendants, =?(S I through LL are fictitious namesM that <laintiffs are
    ignorant of the true names of the individuals, cor#orations, co-#artnershi#s, and
    associations so designated by said fictitious names, and hen the true names are
    discovered, <laintiffs ill see$ leave to amend this Com#laint and #roceedings
    herein to substitute the true name of said =efendants. <laintiffs believe that each of
    the =efendants designated herein as =?( is negligent or res#onsible in some manner
    for the events herein referred to and negligently, carelessly, rec$lessly and in a
    manner that as grossly negligent and illful and anton, caused damages
    #ro7imately thereby to the <laintiffs as herein alleged.
    5. :t all times mentioned herein, C:/<(NTI(/ is the oner of certain real
    #ro#erty commonly $non as .*+5 Sunny Slo#e =rive, S#ar$s Nevada *0858,
    Washoe County :ssessors <arcel Number 252-20%-%., hereinafter referred to as the
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE 1
    00303
    J</?<(/TA,K and more #articularly described as follo3
    "?T 4 ?6 "(WIS @?;(S-S<:/NS N?. 1-:, :CC?/=IN> T? T@( ;:<
    T@(/(?6, 6I"(= IN T@( ?66IC( ?6 T@( C?UNTA /(C?/=(/ ?6
    W:S@?( C?UNTA, ST:T( ?6 N(,:=: ?N JU"A%0, %0+4, :S 6I"( N?.
    8%+5%0 :N= :S T/:CT ;:< N?. %1*+.
    8. ?n or about ;ay 8, .221, C:/<(NTI(/ had an e7isting mortgage
    against the </?<(/TA in the a##ro7imate #rinci#al amount of &%12,222.22
    1. ?n or about ;ay 8, .221, C:/<(NTI(/ as in default and in financial
    trouble ith regard to the e7isting first =eed of Trust in that James S. Car#entier
    became in!ured, as unable to or$, as receiving only or$manOs com#ensation
    #ayments, and Joan (. Car#entier at that time as unem#loyed.
    4. ?n or about ;ay 8, .221, C:/<(NTI(/ as unable to meet their
    current obligations under the first Note and =eed of Trust.
    +. C:/<(NTI(/ received a mail solicitation to refinance their #ro#erty
    from =efendant :ames 6unding Cor#oration dba :ames @ome "oan, hereinafter
    referred to as J::;(S.K
    *. C:/<(NTI(/ contacted =efendant ::;(S, ::;(S did re#resent to
    them that ::;(S could cure their financial troubles by refinancing the e7isting first
    obligation on the </?<(/A, that they ould )ualify for such a loan, and that they
    ould generate sufficient funds to meet their obligations even though Joan (.
    Car#entier as unem#loyed and James S. Car#entier received only disability income.
    0. In furtherance of the refinance, =efendant ::;(S as re)uired to ma$e
    a loan a##lication. Said loan a##lication as filled out by the re#resentatives by
    =efendant ::;(S and intentionally misstated the income of C:/<(NTI(/ to be
    in e7cess of &4,222.22 #er month.
    %2. The true fact as C:/<(NTI(/ received only &.822.22 #er month, and
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE 4
    00304
    the true fact as $non to =efendant ::;(S.
    %%. =efendant ::;(S made a loan to C:/<(NTI(/ in the amount of
    &%+2,*22.22.
    %.. The loan made by =efendant ::;(S as an ad!ustable rate hich
    ould re)uire #ayments in e7cess of &%822.22 #er month.
    %5. :t the time of ma$ing the loan and filling out the loan a##lication by
    =efendant ::;(S, =efendant ::;(S made the loan ithout determining or using
    any commercially reasonable means or mechanism to determine C:/<(NTI(/Os
    ability to re#ay the loan and in fact $ne or should have $non that C:/<(NTI(/
    did not have the ability to re#ay the loan.
    %8. The &%+2,*22.22 loan closed on or about ;ay 8, .221, and, on or about
    that date, C:/<(NTI(/ did ma$e, e7ecute and deliver a =eed of Trust securing
    re#ayment of the ne loan. Said =eed of Trust having been given to =efendant
    Windsor ;anagement Co., a California cor#oration, as Trustee by James S.
    Car#entier and Joan (. Car#entier, husband and ife as !oint tenants, as Trustors in
    favor of =efendant :ames 6unding Cor#oration dba :ames @ome "oan, as
    Deneficiary. Said =eed of Trust as recorded ;ay 8, .221 as =ocument No.
    5.2*41%, ?fficial /ecords of Washoe County.
    %1. Since the recordation of said =eed of Trust, C:/<(NTI(/ has been
    unable to ma$e all #ayments called for under the terms and conditions of the =eed of
    Trust and <romissory Note hich it secures and have made $non their inability to
    #ay to =efendant ::;(S.
    %4. =efendant ::;(S has assigned the right to collect under the terms and
    conditions of the <romissory Note and the =eed of Trust to =efendant /esidential
    Credit Solutions, Inc., hereinafter referred to as J/(SI=(NTI:",K as of ;ay 5%,
    .22+.
    %+. C:/<(NTI(/ has contacted =efendants ::;(S and /(SI=(NTI:"
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE +
    00305
    in an attem#t to again refinance but informed =efendants ::;(S and
    /(SI=(NTI:" of their inability to )ualify, and =efendants ::;(S andHor
    /(SI=(NTI:" offered to #rovide them ith false and fraudulent W. 6orms in order
    to meet financial re)uirements. C:/<(NTI(/ declined to #artici#ate in this loan
    fraud.
    %*. :s a direct result of C:/<(NTI(/Os inability to ma$e #ayments called
    for under the refinanced loan, Iuality "oan Service Cor# on behalf of =efendant
    /(SI=(NTI:" and on further behalf of =efendant ::;(S did record a Notice of
    Dreach and =efault and of (lection to Cause Sale of /eal <ro#erty Under =eed of
    Trust on ;arch %., .22* as =ocument No. 54.0+8%, ?fficial /ecords of Washoe
    County.
    %0. Subse)uent to the recordation of the Notice of Dreach and =efault,
    =efendant ::;(S has recorded a Notice of TrusteeOs Sale scheduling sale on the
    </?<(/TA for July 0, .22* at the hour of %%322am at the County Court @ouse
    located at ,irginia Street and Court Street in the City of /eno. The Notice of
    TrusteeOs Sale as recorded June %0, .22* as =ocument No. 544%80+, ?fficial
    /ecords of Washoe County.
    .2. The actions of =efendant ::;(S in failing to ma$e a determination of
    C:/<(NTI(/Os ability to re#ay the loan and inducing them to enter into said loan
    constitutes an unfair lending #ractice #ursuant to the #rovisions of N/S 10*=.%22.
    .%. C:/<(NTI(/ has been damaged as a direct and #ro7imate result of
    unfair lending #ractices of =efendants ::;(S and /(SI=(NTI:", and
    C:/<(NTI(/ is entitled to damages and treble damages #ursuant to the #rovisions
    of N/S 10*=.%%2.
    ... C:/<(NTI(/ is entitled to their attorney fees #ursuant to the #rovisions
    of N/S 10*=.%%2B.CBbC.
    .5. C:/<(NTI(/ is further entitled to an offset against all sums oed under
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE *
    00306
    the <romissory Note secured by the =eed of Trust as herein alleged #ursuant to the
    #rovisions of N/S 10*=.%%2B5C.
    .8. C:/<(NTI(/ is further entitled to have this court cure any e7isting
    default of the home loan and cancel the #ending foreclosure and TrusteeOs Sale
    #ursuant to the #rovisions of N/S 10*=.%%2B5C.
    .1. %<laintiffs incor#orate herein by this reference all #a#ers and #leadings on
    file in this action.
    .4. :s a direct and #ro7imate result of the actions of =efendants ::;(S
    and /(SI=(NTI:", C:/<(NTI(/ is in danger of loosing their interest in uni)ue
    real #ro#erty by virtue of the foreclosure sale.
    .+. C:/<(NTI(/ is entitled to a tem#orary restraining order, #reliminary
    in!unction and #ermanent in!unction #recluding =efendants from conducting a
    foreclosure sale of the </?<(/TA.
    .*. C:/<(NTI(/ lac$s ade)uate remedy of la due to the uni)ue character
    of their interest in real estate.
    .0. C:/<(NTI(/ received a Notice of Sale indicating that their lender ould
    sel% their home at auction on ?ctober .%, .2%%, folloing their default in their
    mortgage #ayments. The home remains occu#ied by the title oner. The Notice of
    Sale did not give Joni or James Car#entier the re)uisite notice of the date of the
    foreclosure sale. <ursuant to N/S %2+.2*2, the foreclosure trustee must record a
    Notice of Sale and give notice of the time and #lace of the sale by B%C #ersonally
    serving or mailing the notice by registered or certified mail to homeoner and others
    Fentitled to noticeFM B.C #osting the notice in a #ublic #lace here the #ro#erty is
    located for .2 successive daysM B5C #ublishing a co#y of the notice 5 times Bonce a
    ee$ for three ee$sCM :N= B8C #osting the notice on the #ro#erty %1 days before the
    sale date. The Notice of Sale as recorded on ?ctober 5 ith a sale date of ?ctober
    .%. This is only an %* day notice #eriod. This fails to com#ly ith at least section B.C
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE 0
    00307
    above, and #erha#s section B8C should they fail to #ost the notice on the #ro#erty on
    or before ?ctober 4, de#ending u#on hether section B8C re)uires that action to occur
    ithin 02 days or to occur only after the #assing of 02 days.
    52. The substitution of Iuality "oan Servicing as the foreclosure trustee as not
    recorded. Under the =eed of Trust /ecorded on :#ril %*, .221, Windsor
    ;anagement Co. as named as the Trustee. No document could be found ith the
    /ecorderGs ?ffice indicating any entity substituted Iuality "oan Servicing as the
    foreclosure trustee under the =eed of Trust.
    5%. =efendantGs have substantially de#arted from the notice, manner of service,
    and #rocess re)uirements of various la, including, but not limited to N/S %2+.2*2.
    When in)uiry as made ith =efendantGs as to the basis, reasoning, and !ustifications
    for the de#artures, <laintiffGs ere told that Jits your ord against oursK and
    otherise res#onded to in a hostile, aggressive, and dece#tive manner. ;ore
    discovery is in order in this regard.
    5.. @oever, as ;r. 'imbelman #rovided, the :#ril .220 Dan$ru#tcy filing in =elaare
    by 'imbelmanGs client listed, in the Creditor ;atri7, a JCreditor Notice NameK of Walsh,
    Da$er, P /osevear, the Car#entiers then former attorney, as James WalshGs ;otion to
    Withdra as Counsel had been granted by this court ?n January .., .220, ith Walsh
    filing a Notice of (ntry of that ?rder on January .4, .220, in #lenty of time for
    'imbelmanGs client to u#date the JCreditor Notice NameK and address to reflect the fact that
    Walsh as not attorney of record fro the Car#entiers anymore, and that those notices should
    have been sent directly to the Car#entiers.
    55. Indeed, ;r. 'imbelmanGs C(/TI6IC:T( ?6 S(/,IC( <ursuant to N/C< 1BbC, for
    his ;ay %0, .220 filing of N?TIC( ?6 D:NN/U<TCA 6I"IN> :N= :UT?;:TIC
    ST:A reads3 JI certify that I am an em#loyee of <((" D/I;"(A ""< and that on this
    %0th day of ;ay, .220 I caused the above and foregoing document entitled N?TIC( ?6
    D:NN/U<TCA 6I"IN> :N= :UT?;:TIC ST:A to be served as follos3 7 by #lacing
    same to be de#osited for mailing in the United States ;ail, in a sealed envelo#e u#on hich
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %2
    00308
    first class #ostage as #re#aid in "as ,egas, NevadaM andHor 7 to be sent via facsimileM to
    the #artyBiesC andHor attorneyBsC listed belo at the address andHor facsimile number
    indicated belo3
    James ;. Walsh, (s).
    Walsh, Da$er P /osevear, <.C .
    084* =ouble / Dlvd. Suite :
    /eno, Nevada *01.%
    :ttorneys for James S. Car#entier and Joan (. Car#entier
    58. 6urther, ;s. Schuler-@intE failed to res#ond a##ro#riately to the ?rder >ranting
    WalshGs Withdraal as :ttorney of /ecord, and the subse)uent Notice of (ntry of that
    ?rder on January .4, .220. @intEG ;otion to =ismiss or in the :lternative 6or Summary
    Judgment listed Walsh for the <roof of Service as ell3 J I hereby certify that on the 8th day
    of June a true and correct co#y of =(6(N=:NTGs /(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS,
    INC., :N= IU:"ITA "?:N S(/,IC( C?/<?/:TI?NGS ;?TI?N T? =IS;ISS ?/
    IN T@( :"T(/N:TI,( 6?/ SU;;:/A JU=>;(NT as forarded by US ;ail ith
    #ostage #re#aid to the addresses listed belo3
    James ;. Walsh
    Walsh, Da$er P /osevear
    084* =ouble / Dlvd. Suite :
    /eno, Nevada *01.% :ttorney for <laintiff
    6urther, the ca#tion on ;s. @intE ;otion indicates the case is in =e#artment 8, des#ite
    the fact that #m 6ebruary %%, .220, a Case :ssignment Notification (ntry as entered in
    the doc$et for this case C,2*-2%+20, indicating this C:S( /(:SSI>N(= T?
    =(<:/T;(NT + 6/?; =(<:/T;(NT 8 <(/ :=;INIST/:TI,( ?/=(/.
    51. Then, for some reason that is not )uite clear, des#ite his co counsel Schuler-@intE
    having filed a ;otion for Summary Judgment on June 8
    th
    , .220 in the Second Judicial
    =istrict Court for Washoe County in this action, C,2*-2%+20, Christo#er @unter, (s).
    6iled a somehat similar ;otion for Summary Judgment in C,09-01709, Bbold em#hasis
    addedC in a ;otion hich bears a front #age heading, above the ca#tion, that reads3
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %%
    00309
    J=IST/ICT C?U/T
    C":/N C?UNTA, N(,:=:K
    6urther, the ca#tion on ;r. @unterGs June .5
    rd
    , .2%2, ;otion 6or Summary Judgment
    indicates the case is in =e#artment 8, des#ite the fact that 6ebruary %%, .220, a Case
    :ssignment Notification (ntry as entered in the doc$et for this case C,2*-2%+20 Bmuch
    less the fugitive or fictitious case C,20-2%+20 that ;r. @unter listed in the Ca#tion, in a
    Clar$ County =istrict Court case filed in Washoe CountyC, indicating this C:S(
    /(:SSI>N(= T? =(<:/T;(NT + 6/?; =(<:/T;(NT 8 <(/
    :=;INIST/:TI,( ?/=(/. So, the Car#entiers ere burdened ith both attorneys
    sending im#ortant #leadings to one ho as no longer :ttorney of /ecord for the
    Car#entiers, des#ite a Notice of (ntry of that ?rder >ranting Withdraal of James Walsh,
    (s)., in addition to ;r. @unter #utting the rong court and the rong case number on a
    ;otion for Summary Judgment that ould have nonetheless
    54. :gain, in his :ugust 1, .220 Certificate of Service for his ;otion for Summary
    Judgment, ;r. @unter #uts in the ca#tion the rong case number and the rong =e#artment
    number, listing C,20-2%+20 and =e#artment 8 here C,2*-2%+20 and =e#artment +
    should be. 6urther, the June 0, .220 Notice of "odgement as sent to only 'imbelman.
    6urther in her Certificate of Service for that Notice of "odgement, filed se#arately on
    :ugust 1, .220, ;s. @intE #uts in the ca#tion the rong case number and the rong
    =e#artment number, listing C,20-2%+20 and =e#artment 8 here C,2*-2%+20 and
    =e#artment + should be. Interestingly, (7hibit 4 to @unterGs June .5, .2%2 ;otion for
    Summary Judgment, hile containing the te7t of the =elaare CourtGs ?rder removing the
    stay, doesnGt contain the =elaare Dan$ru#tcy CourtGs <roof of Service for that ?rder u#on
    the Car#entiers....
    5+. Ne7t, on July %.
    th
    , .2%2 /(IU(ST 6?/ SUD;ISSI?N ?6 =(6(N=:NTSO
    /(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS , INC. :N= IU:"ITA "?:N S(/,IC(
    C?/<?/:TI?NOS ;?TI?N 6?/ SU;;:/A JU=>;(NT, @unter again #uts
    =e#artment 8 in the case ca#tion here =e#artment + should be.
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %.
    00310
    5*. 6inally, on July %1, .2%% this Court granted =istrict Court /ule %5 B5C #rovides,
    F6ailure of the o##osing #arty to serve and file his ritten o##osition may be construed as
    an admission that the motion is meritorious and a consent to granting the same.F Thus, in
    this case, the court construes <laintiffsG, J:;(S S. C:/<(NTI(/ and J?:N (.
    C:/<(NTI(/, and =efendantsG, ::;(S 6UN=IN> C?/<?/:TI?N and WIN=S?/
    ;:N:>(;(NT C?;<:NAGS failure to o##ose =efendantsG /CS and I"SGs ;otionHor
    Summary Judgment as admission that the ;otion is meritorious.K
    50. The July %1, .2%2 Notice of (ntry of ?rder incorrectly list =e#artment 8 instead of
    =e#artment + in the ca#tion.
    82. The Washoe County /ecorderGs eb site does not list a Notice of Trustee
    Sale for the alleged Trustee sale that as set to ta$e #lace on =ecember .%
    st
    , .22%
    II. LAW AND ARGUMENT
    I. The Order Gr!"#!$ S%&&r' J%d$&e!" E!"ered A$#!(" )*#!"#++
    Sh,%*d -e Se" A(#de ,r ./"ed D%e ", #" -e#!$ .,#d F,r L/0 ,+ J%r#(d#/"#,!
    G#1e! "he N%&-er,%( De+#/#e!/#e( #! Ser1#/e ,+ E((e!"#* )*ed#!$( !d N,"#/e(
    U2,! "he )*#!"#++(3 E4/%(-*e Ne$*e/"3 Fr%d ,! The C,%r"3 ! I!"er1e!#!$
    De/#(#,! ,+ "he Ne1d S%2re&e C,%r"3 T5, ,+ "he&3 +r,& J%*' 73 60113 !d
    The O1er*' L,!$ )((#!$ ,+ T#&e 7e"5ee! N,5 !d "he Gr!"#!$ ,+ "he
    S%&&r' J%d$&e!" Order.
    The e7cusable neglect argument is )uite strong given @itnE and 'imblemanGs
    continual failure to a##ro#riately address their <roofGs of Service for very, very
    im#ortant documents. ;ight be a voidness basis for Setting :side the ?rder :s
    Well. 6urther, the ?rder granting Summary Judgment is void given the lac$ of
    !urisdiction #ossessed by this Court here so many essential deficiencies e7ists in
    this matter related to the most #ertinent filings and notices #ossible.
    J:ccordingly, hen this court issues an intervening decision that constitutes a
    change in controlling la, courts may de#art from the decided la of the case and
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %5
    00311
    a##ly the ne rule of la.K @su v. County of Clar$. See, e.g., @o#$ins v. =yer, %28
    ?hio St.5d 84%, *.2 N.(..d 5.0, 555 B.228C Bholding that an intervening o#inion
    issued by the ?hio Su#reme Court constituted a change in controlling la
    necessitating de#arture from the la of the case doctrineCM =edge v. State, *5. So..d
    *51, *54 B6la.=ist.Ct.:##..22.C Bnoting that a decision by the 6lorida Su#reme
    Court to enact a ne #rocedural rule constituted a change in controlling laC.
    JDecause e determine that the change in controlling la e7ce#tion to the la of the
    case doctrine a##lies, e do not consider hether this court should also formally
    ado#t the Jsubstantial ne evidenceK or Jclear error resulting in manifest in!usticeK
    e7ce#tions to the la of the case doctrine. Q @oever, e observe that, des#ite the
    landonersG contentions, discovery of a relatively minor factual error in our order in
    @su I suggesting that the landonersG had obtained a 12-foot height variance for
    construction of a billboard on their #ro#erty does not constitute Jsubstantial ne
    evidenceK that !ustifies de#arture from the la of the case doctrine. Q ?ur
    determination in @su I that the landoners had not demonstrated the futility of
    e7hausting their administrative remedies rested on several #ieces of evidence besides
    the erroneous Jbillboard variance,K indicating that this Jne evidenceK ould have
    little bearing on our #revious decision. Q See Suel v. Secretary of @ealth and @uman
    Services, %0. 6.5d 0*%, 0*4 B6ed.Cir.%000C Bstating that Jthe ne evidence relied
    u#on to override RtheS la of the case must be substantial, even conclusive, before it
    is a##ro#riate to reo#en a !udgment on hich subse)uent #hases of the case have
    been decidedK Bciting %* Charles :lan Wright, et al., 6ederal <ractice and <rocedure
    TQ88+*, at *22 B.d ed.%0*%CCC. Q We li$eise re!ect the #ro#osition that our decision
    in @su I as based on clear error such that adherence to the decision ould or$ a
    manifest in!ustice. Q See In re City of <hiladel#hia "itigation, %1* 6.5d +%%, +.2 B5d
    Cir.%00*C Bnoting that if a decision is not clearly erroneous, enforcement of that
    decision ill not generally or$ a manifest in!usticeC.:s this a##eal and our decision
    in @su I are #art of a single continuous suit, e also re!ect the CountyGs assertion that
    the doctrine of res !udicata #rohibits this court from revisiting the merits of the
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %8
    00312
    landonersG ta$ings claim. Q See 6lorida =e#t. of Trans#. v. Juliano, *2% So..d %2%,
    %21 B6la..22%C BJWhere successive a##eals are ta$en in the same case there is no
    )uestion of res !udicata, because the same suit, and not a ne and different one, is
    involved. Q Under these circumstances, the doctrine of the la of the case a##lies.K
    Bcitation omittedCC.K
    ?n motion and u#on such terms as are !ust, the court may relieve a #arty or a
    #artyGs legal re#resentative from a final !udgment, order, or #roceeding for the
    folloing reasons3 B%C mista$e, inadvertence, sur#rise, or e7cusable neglectM B.C
    nely discovered evidence hich by due diligence could not have been discovered in
    time to move for a ne trial under /ule 10BbCM B5C fraud Bhether heretofore
    denominated intrinsic or e7trinsicC, misre#resentation or other misconduct of an
    adverse #artyM B8C the !udgment is voidM or, B1C the !udgment has been satisfied,
    released, or discharged, or a #rior !udgment u#on hich it is based has been reversed
    or otherise vacated, or it is no longer e)uitable that an in!unction should have
    #ros#ective a##lication. The motion shall be made ithin a reasonable time, and for
    reasons B%C, B.C, and B5C not more than 4 months after the #roceeding as ta$en or the
    date that ritten notice of entry of the !udgment or order as served. In some
    instances JtollingK may be a##licable to the 4 month limitations #eriod.
    The Nevada Su#reme Court recently addressed a critical issue involving the
    6oreclosure ;ediation /ules in the case of "eyva v. National =efault Servicing
    Cor#., :##. No. 11.%4, :##eal from the Clar$ Co. =istrict Court, :-%2-422-41%,
    %.+Nev. UUU, UUU <.5d UUU B:dv. ?#. No. 82, July +, .2%%C. The issue relates to the
    obligation of the lender to bring documents to the mediation that reveal ho is the
    oner of the deed of trust and mortgage note. The CourtOs ruling in this case ill
    immediately arm homeoners ith a serious ea#on against the big ban$s and their
    servicers. Used in the correct ay, many foreclosures may be sto##ed because of this
    recent o#inion.
    The State of Nevada 6oreclosure ;ediation <rogram as created in .220. 6acing
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %1
    00313
    foreclosure, the homeoner may re)uest mediation through hich a modification to
    home loan may be achieved. ?nce the homeoner re)uests mediation, no further
    action may be ta$en to e7ercise the #oer of sale until the com#letion of the
    mediation. The Nevada Su#reme Court created the 6oreclosure ;ediation /ules
    BJ6;/KC to govern those mediations.
    The "eyva case #resented the Nevada Su#reme Court ith an o##ortunity to
    inter#ret a critical #ortion of the mediation #rogram re)uirements. N/S %2+.2*4B8C
    and 6;/ 1 B*C BaC both #rovide3 JIn addition to the documents re)uired by /ule *
    herein, the beneficiary Rusually the lending ban$S must bring to the mediation
    #rogram the original or a certified co#y of the deed of trust, the mortgage note and
    each assignment of the deed of trust and the mortgage note.K N/S %2+.2*8B1C
    #rovides that JRiSf the beneficiary of the deed of trust or the re#resentative fails to
    attend the mediation, fails to #artici#ate in the mediation in good faith or does not
    bring to the mediation each document re)uired by section 8 or does not have
    authority or access to #erson ith authority re)uired by section 8, the mediator shall
    #re#are and submit to the ;ediation :dministrator a #etition and recommendation
    concerning im#osition of sanctions against the beneficiary of the deed of trust or the
    re#resentative, as the court deems a##ro#riate, including, ithout limitation,
    re)uiring a loan modification in the manner determined #ro#er by the court.K
    The Nevada Su#reme Court faced the issue of hether the lenderOs failure to
    bring the re)uired assignments and other documents as re)uired by N/S %2+.2*4B8C
    constituted bad faith under N/S %2+.2*4B1C. The anser to the )uestion is not clear
    from the language of the statute or the 6;/.
    :t the mediation in "eyva, the lender failed to deliver the assignments of the
    deed of trust and the mortgage note. @oever, the mediator did not find that the
    lenderOs failure to #rovide the documents or other actions constituted a bad faith.
    "eyva disagreed and a##ealed the decision of the mediator to the Clar$ County
    =istrict Court, Judge =onald ;osely. Ultimately, Judge ;osely agreed ith the
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %4
    00314
    lender and entered an order finding that Jthere is a lac$ of shoing of bad faithVK
    "eyva a##ealed the decision of Judge ;osely to the Nevada Su#reme Court. The
    Nevada Su#reme Court issued its ruling on July +, .2%% and re!ected the lenderOs
    arguments that it had #artici#ated in the mediation in good faith. The Nevada
    Su#reme Court determined that since the statute used the ord JshallK in reference to
    the obligation to bring certain documents to the mediation, strict com#liance, not
    substantial com#liance, as re)uired. The Su#reme Court ent on the rite JThe
    legislative intent behind re)uiring a #arty to #roduce the assignments of the deed of
    trust and mortgage note is to ensure that hoever is foreclosing Wactually ons the
    noteO and has the authority to modify the loan.K
    The Su#reme Court did not sto# there. It felt com#elled to then discuss hat
    constitutes a valid assignment of deeds of trust and mortgage notes. Dy reaching this
    issue, the Su#reme Court set the obligations for each lender ith regards to their
    obligation to #roduce documents at mediation.
    The Su#reme Court then discussed the la regarding the assignment of a deed of
    trust. Since an assignment of an interest in land must be in riting, the Su#reme
    Court concluded that Jto #rove that ;ortgageIt #ro#erly assigned its interest in land
    via the deed of trust to Wells 6argo, Wells 6argo needed to #rovide a signed riting
    from ;ortageIt demonstrating that transfer of interest.K
    The Su#reme Court then analyEed the method by hich the interest in a mortgage
    note may be transferred and loo$ed to NevadaOs Uniform Commercial Code X
    Negotiable Instruments. The Su#reme Court rote JRtShe obligor on the note has the
    right to $no the identity of the entity that is Jentitled to enforceK the mortgage note
    under :rticle 5, see N/S %28.552%, JRoStherise, the RhomeonerS may #ay funds to
    a stranger in the case.K BCitation omitted.C
    The Su#reme Court re!ected the arguments of Wells 6argo that mere #ossession
    of the mortgage note as sufficient. JRWSe conclude that :rticle 5 clearly re)uires
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %+
    00315
    Wells 6argo to demonstrate more than mere #ossession of the original note to be able
    to enforce a negotiable instrument under the facts of this case.K To meet its
    obligation under the Uniform Commercial Code, Wells 6argo had to sho both
    endorsement of the mortgage note to it by the original lender and #ossession of the
    note.
    :lternatively, Wells 6argo could have also demonstrated a transfer of the note to
    it. To demonstrate a transfer, Wells 6argo as obligated to #rove that it as given
    the mortgage note for the #ur#ose of enforcing it.
    The Su#reme Court then concluded that since Wells 6argo had failed to #roduced
    documents to demonstrate either a valid endorsement or transfer, Wells 6argo had
    neither demonstrated that it as entitled to foreclose on the #ro#erty nor that it had
    authority to mediate ith regards to the note. The Su#reme Court, relying on its other
    o#inion issued the same day, <asillas v. @SDC Dan$, %.+Nev. UU, UU <.5d UU, :dv.
    ?#. 50, July +, .2%%C, ruled that the failure of Wells 6argo to bring the re)uired
    documents Jis a sanctionable offense under N/S %2+.2*4 and the 6;/s.K The
    Su#reme Court then remanded the case to the district court for determination of the
    a##ro#riate sanction.
    This o#inion seems to indicate that the Jtoo big to failK ban$s have met their
    match ith the Nevada Su#reme Court. The ramifications of this o#inion ill ma$e
    the huge ban$s thin$ tice before they allo the Nevada Su#reme Court to hear any
    other issues concerning their foreclosure #rocesses. This o#inion arms homeoners,
    and es#ecially their counsel, and creates an o##ortunity to sto# the ban$s and their
    servicers from moving forard ith a foreclosure ith less that the full
    documentation #roving their onershi# of the mortgage note, and the authority to
    foreclose under the terms of the deed of trust.
    The true sco#e and im#act of the "eyva and <asilla o#inions on the foreclosure
    and mediation #rocess in Washoe County ill not be revealed any time soon. The
    ban$s ill li$ely ta$e any ste#s necessary avoid sanction as ell as #revent the
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %*
    00316
    Nevada Su#reme Court issuing any other o#inions regarding the foreclosure #rocess
    or the mediation #rogram.
    the Su#reme Court of Nevada issued to o#inions on July +, .2%% hich finally
    com#el foreclosing #arties in Nevada to #roduce material documentation as to chain
    of title to the Note and =eed of Trust in order to be #ermitted to continue ith a
    foreclosure action hen mediation is re)uested. in "eyva v. National =efault
    Servicing et al., No. 11.%4, %.+ Nev. :dvance ?#inion 82, the Su#reme Court held
    that strict com#liance is re)uired ith Nevada statutes governing the #roduction of
    certain documents including any assignment of the =eed of TrustM that a foreclosing
    #artyOs failure to do so Jis a sanctionable offenseM and the district court is #rohibited
    from alloing the foreclosure #rocess to #roceedK. Wells 6argo as also the cul#rit
    in this case.
    Significantly, in discussing the transfer of the Note, the Su#reme Court of
    Nevada cited to the recent In /e ,eal decision from the 0th Circuit Dan$ru#tcy
    :##eals <anel Bhich as #reviously discussed on this ebsiteC, holding that the
    borroer Jhas the right to $no the identity of the entity that is Wentitled to enforceO
    the mortgage note under :rticle 5 Bof the Uniform Commercial CodeC.K The Court
    concluded that :rticle 5 Jclearly re)uires Wells 6argo to demonstrate more than mere
    #ossession of the original note to be able to enforce a negotiable instrumentK. The
    court found that there as no endorsement and no assignment, and reversed the
    =istrict Court.
    The o#inion in "eyva cited to the CourtOs o#inion in <asillas v. @SDC Dan$ as
    Trustee, No. 14505, %.+ Nev. :dvance ?#inion 50 Balso decided July +, .2%%C,
    hich also reversed the =istrict Court and also cited to ,eal , setting forth the
    re)uirements for #roduction of evidence of chain of title to the note and =eed of
    Trust in a foreclosure.
    The multi#le citations to ,eal, hich is a 6ederal Dan$ru#tcy a##ellate court
    o#inion, by the state Su#reme Court of Nevada, is more than im#ortant. It
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE %0
    00317
    demonstrates that sim#ly because a foreclosure issue is decided by a Dan$ru#tcy
    court does not mean that it is not a##licable to a non-Dan$ru#tcy Bor non-6ederalC
    foreclosure case. Time and again, hen e argue that an issue in a state foreclosure
    case has already been decided by a Dan$ru#tcy court in the foreclosure conte7t,
    attorneys re#resenting foreclosing JlendersK and servicers argue JWell, Judge, that
    as a Dan$ru#tcy case, and e are not in Dan$ru#tcy CourtK. "eyva and <asillas
    have no #ut that argument to bed. If a 6ederal Dan$ru#tcy decision is good enough
    for the Su#reme Court of Nevada in to se#arate o#inions, it should be good enough
    for any state court.
    A"",r!e' M#(/,!d%/" M' S%22,r" Se""#!$ A(#de "he Order3 F,r G,,d
    F#"h 7(#( +,r Ch!$#!$ "he L5 M' A%$er T,5rd 8,*d#!$ O22,(#!$
    C,%!(e*9( F#*%r ", W#"hdr5 "he M,"#,! +,r S%&&r' J%d$&e!" ,r O"her5#(e
    A*er" "he C,%r" ( ", "he L#0e*' E++e/" ,+ .er' )r,4#&"e T#&e Re*e(e ,+ "5,
    M!d",r' !d C,!"r,**#!$ Ne1d S%2re&e C,%r" De/#(#,!( I((%ed O!e Wee0
    7e+,re Th#( C,%r"9( Order M' R#(e ", ),(#"#1e M#(/,!d%/" G#1e! "he )r#&/'
    ,+ "he S%-:e/" M""er ,+ Th#( L#"#$"#,! ", "he(e3 A" Th" T#&e3 )r, Se
    L#"#$!"(.
    In Staschel v. Weaver Drothers, "td., 0* Nev. 110, 411 <..d 1%* B%0*.C,
    the Nevada Su#reme Court held that attorney neglect amounting to misconduct is not
    #ro#erly im#uted to the client in determining hether a default !udgment should be
    set aside. BFTo characteriEe Rthe attorneyGsS failure to re#resent his client as
    Gine7cusable neglectG ould be charitable but hardly candid. @is dereliction of the
    #rofessional obligations oed a##ellant constituted actual misconduct.FC. See
    generally, S. Dernstein, :nnotation, :ttorneyGs Inaction as (7cuse for 6ailure to
    Timely <rosecute :ction, %1 :."./.5d 4+8 B%04*C. California ac$noledged this
    #roblem in the %042s, and concluded that inaction and sloth by an attorney should not
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .2
    00318
    be grounds for a circuit court to inflict suffering u#on an innocent client of the
    attorney, by dismissing the clientGs case. In =avey v. County of Dutte, ..+
    Cal.:##..d 5*2, 5* Cal./#tr. 405 B%048C, an intermediate court of a##eals e7amined
    a situation here the =efendantGs layer filed a lasuit, and then dadled for nearly
    to years, only s#oradically doing discovery or filing #leadings. When the
    =efendantGs layer failed to sho u# for several scheduled court hearings, the circuit
    court dismissed the =efendantGs com#laint due to inactivity. The court recogniEed the
    general rule - similar to that in this State that the Fgeneral doctrine charges the client
    ith the neglect of his attorney but gives him redress against the latter.F ..+
    Cal.:##..d at 50%, 5* Cal. /#tr. at +22. @oever, the court ent on to alter this
    harsh rule, holding that Fthere are e7ce#tional cases in hich the client, relativel free
    from #ersonal neglect, ill be relieved of a default or dismissal attributable to the
    inaction or #rocrastination of his counsel. F Id. The court found that the =efendantGs
    attorneyGs neglect as ine7cusable and e7treme, amounting to #ositive misconduct.
    RThe attorneyGsS consistent and long continued inaction as so visibly and inevitably
    disastrous, that his client as effectually and un$noingly de#rived of
    re#resentation. Dy his refusal to get on ith the lasuit or get out of it, Rthe
    =efendantGs RattorneyS inflicted severe damage on his clientGs case. She had legal
    re#resentation only in a nominal and technical sense.
    Under these unusual circumstances, here the client as un$noingly
    de#rived of effective re#resentation, she ill not be charged ith res#onsibility for
    the misconduct of her nominal counsel of record. ..+ Cal.:##..d at 50%-0., 5*
    Cal./#tr. at +22. The court then stated the rule - $non as the F#ositive misconductF
    rule - that here an attorneyGs inaction rises to a level of active, #ositive misconduct,
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .%
    00319
    the FattorneyGs authority to bind his client does not #ermit him to im#air or destroy
    the clientGs cause of action.F ..+ Cal.:##..d at 50%, 5* Cal. /#tr. at +22. The
    reasoning for such a rule is obvious3 Clients should not be forced to act as ha$ li$e
    in)uisitors of their counsel, sus#icious of every ste# and )uic$ to sitch layers.
    The #rofession $nos no orse headache than the client ho mistrusts their
    attorney. The lay litigant enters a tem#le of mysteries hose ceremonies dar$,
    com#le7 and unfathomable. <retrial #rocedures are cabalistic rituals of the layers
    and !udges ho serve as #riests and high #riests. $nos nothing of their tactical
    significance.
    @e $nos only that his case remains in limbo hile the #riests and high
    #riests chant their lengthy an arcane #retrial rites. @e does $no this much3 that
    several years fre)uently ela#se beteen the commencement and trial of lasuits.
    Since the la im#ose this state of #uEEled #atience on the litigant, it should #ermit
    him to si bac$ in #eace and confidence ithout sus#icious in)uiries and incessant
    chec$ing on counsel. ..+ Cal.:##..d at 50%-0., 5* Cal./#tr. at +22-+2%. The
    California Su#reme Court ado#ted the #ositive misconduct rule stated in =aYey in
    CarroYY v. :bbott "aboratories, Inc., 418 <..d ++1 B%0*.C. The court stated the
    general rule that a client is charged ith the neglect of his counsel, and that the
    clientGs usual redress for that neglect is an action for mal#ractice. @oever, an
    e7ce#tion to this general rule has develo#ed. (7ce#ted from this rule are those
    instances here the attorneyGs neglect is of that e7treme degree amounting to #ositive
    misconduct, and the #erson see$ing relief is relatively free from negligence. The
    e7ce#tion is #remised u#on the conce#t the attorneyGs conduct, in effect, obliterates
    the e7istence of the attorney-client relationshi#, and for this reason his negligence
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE ..
    00320
    should not be im#uted to th client. 418 <..d at ++* Bem#hasis in originalC. The court
    ent on to state that FRtShe issue, therefore, becomes hether counselGs conduct
    amounted to G#ositive misconductG by hich =efendant as Geffectually and
    un$noingly de#rived of re#resentation.GF Id.
    In accord, "ords v. Neman, 4** <..d .02, .08-01 B;ont. %0*8C Bholding
    that hen case is dismissed due to attorney negligence, Fno great abuse of discretion
    need be shon to arrant reversalF because the Ycourt has been hesitant to im#ute
    the neglect of an attorney to his clientM and has been loathe to #ermit this neglect to
    bar a hearing on the merits.FCM Staschel v. Weaver Dros. "td., 411 <..d 1%*, 1%0
    BNev. %0*.C BFTo characteriEe Rthe attorneyGsS failure to re#resent his client as
    Gine7cusable neglectG ould be charitable but hardly candid. @is dereliction of the
    #rofessional obligations oed a##ellant constituted actual misconduct.FC. See
    generally, S. Dernstein, :nnotation, :ttorneyGs Inaction as (7cuse for 6ailure to
    Timely <rosecute :ction, %1 :."./.5d 4+8 B%04*C. BJames ;iYton Covington and
    JeraYdine I. Covington v. ;ichael John Smith, Walter "ee 6orbis, /yder Truc$
    /ental, Inc. and =.T.6. Truc$ing, Inc. BCase 52+58, Su#. Ct of :##eals, West
    ,irginia July, %%, .225C . order andHor !udgement that as clearly erroneous and
    contrary to la on the 42BbC motion hich <laintiffs submitted to this court to set
    aside !udgement andHor order of the 42BbC motion for e7cusable neglect #redicated on
    multi#le medical issues and the #recedent setting case of <ioneer Investment Services
    v. Drunsic$ :ssociates "imited <artnershi# et.al. 12+ U.S. 5*23 %%5 S.Ct. %8*0M
    %.5 ". (d .d +8M%005 U.S. "(LIS .82.M 4% U.S.".W. 8.45M .1 6ed /.Serv. 5d
    BCallaghanC 82%M Dan$r. ". /e#. BCC@C <+1, %1+:M .* Collier Dan$r.Cas. .d B;DC
    .4+M.8 Dan$r Ct =ec.45M 05 Cal =aily ?# Service .204M 05 =:/ 5+21M + 6": ".
    Wee$ly 6ed. S %2%.
    The #articular facts and circumstances of the Car#entierGs case deserve closer
    consternation, #articularly in light of the fact that "eyva and <asilla actually ere
    issued #rior to this CourtGs July %1, .2%% ?rder granting Summary Judgment, the
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .5
    00321
    manifest in!ustice that results from leaving the ?rder as it is and alloing the
    TrusteeGs Sale to go forard. 6urther, <ursuant to N/S %2+.2*2, the re)uisite
    statutory .2 days notice is, on its face, not #resent in the notice to the Car#entiers.
    6urther, the assignments have arguably not been #roduced or attested to in the
    manner re)uired by la, and the bald face arrogance of the lenderGs and trusteeGs
    street level em#loyees in telling the Car#entierGs that, basically, they are in a fight
    ith a big ugly bully and its Jour ord against yoursK you little #uny #athetic so to be
    no longer homeoners.
    C:/<(NTI(/ received a Notice of Sale indicating that their lender
    ould sel% their home at auction on ?ctober .%, .2%%, folloing their default in their
    mortgage #ayments. The home remains occu#ied by the title oner. The Notice of
    Sale did not give Joni or James Car#entier the re)uisite notice of the date of the
    foreclosure sale. <ursuant to N/S %2+.2*2, the foreclosure trustee must record a
    Notice of Sale and give notice of the time and #lace of the sale by B%C #ersonally
    serving or mailing the notice by registered or certified mail to homeoner and others
    Fentitled to noticeFM B.C #osting the notice in a #ublic #lace here the #ro#erty is
    located for .2 successive daysM B5C #ublishing a co#y of the notice 5 times Bonce a
    ee$ for three ee$sCM :N= B8C #osting the notice on the #ro#erty %1 days before the
    sale date. The Notice of Sale as recorded on ?ctober 5 ith a sale date of ?ctober
    .%. This is only an %* day notice #eriod. This fails to com#ly ith at least section B.C
    above, and #erha#s section B8C should they fail to #ost the notice on the #ro#erty on
    or before ?ctober 4, de#ending u#on hether section B8C re)uires that action to occur
    ithin 02 days or to occur only after the #assing of 02 days.
    The substitution of Iuality "oan Servicing as the foreclosure trustee as
    not recorded. Under the =eed of Trust /ecorded on :#ril %*, .221, Windsor
    ;anagement Co. as named as the Trustee. No document could be found ith the
    /ecorderGs ?ffice indicating any entity substituted Iuality "oan Servicing as the
    foreclosure trustee under the =eed of Trust.
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .8
    00322
    =efendantGs have substantially de#arted from the notice, manner of service, and
    #rocess re)uirements of various la, including, but not limited to N/S %2+.2*2.
    When in)uiry as made ith =efendantGs as to the basis, reasoning, and !ustifications
    for the de#artures, <laintiffGs ere told that Jits your ord against oursK and
    otherise res#onded to in a hostile, aggressive, and dece#tive manner. ;ore
    discovery is in order in this regard. This #leading is further filed ith an eye toards
    asserting a N/C< 10 basis for challenging the July %1, .2%% order Bsomeho a
    tolling argument ill need to be made to overcome the %2 day re)uirement for such a
    motion, and the same could be said for ma$ing a ;otion for /econsideration here
    more than .2 days have #ast since
    C,!/*%(#,!
    W@(/(6?/(, <laintiffs res#ectfully re)uest this Court order as follos3
    %. 6or damages in e7cess of &%2,222M
    .. 6or treble damagesM and any sanctions a##ro#riate under any a##licable la,
    including the to recent Nevada Su#reme Court decisions of July +, .2%%, <assila and
    "eyva.
    5. 6or tem#orary restraining order, #reliminary in!unction and #ermanent in!unction
    barring foreclosure of the =eed of Trust recorded in favor of =efendant ::;(S and any
    succesor in interest.
    8. 6or tem#orary restraining order, #reliminary in!unction and #ermanent in!unction
    barring the contem#lated and scheduled TrusteeGs Sale set for ?ctober .%, .2%%.
    1. 6or costs of suit herein incurredM and for attorneys feeM
    4. 6or such other and further relief as this court may deem #ro#er.
    AFFIRMATION )%r(%!" ", NRS 6;97.0;0
    =:T(= this %0
    th
    day of =ecember, .2%%3
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .1
    00323
    HsH 'ach Coughlin
    'ach Coughlin, (s).
    :ttorney for <laintiffs Joni and James Car#entier
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .4
    00324
    )ROOF OF SER.ICE
    I, 'ach Coughlin, declare, that on =ecember %0, .2%%, I caused the forgoing to
    be deliver to all named =efendantGs in this action, but electronic filing to3
    Nristin :. Schuler-@intE, (s).
    ;cCarthy P @olthus, ""<
    01%2 W. Sahara :ve., Suite %%2
    "as ,egas , N, *0%%+
    <hone3 +2.-4*1-25.0
    6a73 *44-550-140%
    $hintE9mccarthyholthus.com
    :tty for =(6TGS /(SI=(NTI:" C/(=IT S?"UTI?NS INC, :N= IU:"ITA
    "?:N S(/,IC( C?/<?/:TI?NGS
    :nd via delivering to their attorneyGs of record by fa7, email and de#ositing a true
    and correct co#y of this document in the US mail on this date addressed to3
    (ric D. 'imbelman, (s).
    <eel Drimley, ""<
    .2%8 (. ;adison, Suite %22
    Seattle , W: 0*%..
    <hone3 .24-++2-5550
    6a73 .24-++2-5802
    eEimbelman9#eelbrimley.com
    :tty for =(6TGSWIN=S?/ ;:N:>(;(TN C?. :N= :CC/(=IT(=
    @?;( "(NN=(/S, INC. :S SUCC(SS?/ IN INT(/(ST T? ::;(S
    6UN=IN> C?/<?/:TI?N =D: ::;(S @?;( "?:N
    =:T(= this %0
    th
    day of =ecember, .2%%3
    HsH 'ach Coughlin
    'ach Coughlin, (s).
    :ttorney for <laintiffs Joni and James Car#entier
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .+
    00325
    INDE< TO E<8I7ITS=
    %.
    ..
    5.
    8.
    EMERGENCY MOTION FOR TRO/INJUNCTION; MOTION TO SET ASIDE .*
    00326
    EXHIBIT 3
    00327
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Zach Coughlin,Esq.
    Nevada Bar No: 9473
    121 River Roc !".
    Reno, N# $9%&1
    'ele: 77%(33$($11$
    )a*: 949(++7(74&2
    ,""orne- .or /e.endan" Ro0er" 1eller
    2N3'E/ !','E! B,N1R24'C5 C62R'
    /3!'R3C' 6) NE#,/,
    3n Re:
    R6BER' 1E77ER
    /e0"or.
    '8E C,/7E C694,N5,
    4lain"i..,
    v.
    R6BER' 1E77ER,
    /e.endan".
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    :
    Case No.: B1 1&(%2+39(g;<
    Cha="er 7
    ,dversar- 4roceeding
    No. 1&(&%1&4(g;<
    6446!3'36N '6 96'36N '6 ,9EN/
    C6947,3N' 3N ,/#ER!,R5
    4R6CEE/3N>
    8earing /a"e: 12?7?1&
    8earing 'i@e: 1&:&& ,9
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    'his 9o"ion is 0ased on "he .ollo;ing 9e@orandu@ o. 4oin"s and ,u"hori"ies as ;ell
    as Rule 7&1% )ed. R. Banr. 4. and Rule 1%A2: )ed. R. Civ. 4.
    MEMORANDUM OF POINTS AND AUTHORITIES
    3.
    !','E9EN' 6) 2N/3!42'E/ ),C'!
    6n Bul- 2, 2&1&, /e0"or?/e.endan" R6BER' 1E77ER Ahereina."er C1ellerD or C/e.endan"D:
    .iled a #olun"ar- 4e"i"ion .or Relie. under Cha="er 7 o. 'i"le 11, 2.!.C. 'he 341 9ee"ing ;as held
    on ,ugus" 12, 2&1& and 4lain"i.. .iled i"s adversar- co@=lain" agains" /e.endan" 1eller on 6c"o0er
    - 1 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00328
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    12, 2&1& ;i"h causes o. ac"ion .or nondischargea0ili"- under 11 2.!.C. EE %23Aa:A2:A,:, %23Aa:A4:
    and res Fudica"a. ,."er "horoughl- .ailing "o even 0egin co@=le"el- li"iga"ing "he issues Aso @uch so
    "ha" no !"i=ula"ed )indings o. )ac" is "o 0e .ound an-;here: and ;i"hou" a second o. "rial "aing
    =lace, @an- assurances 0eing @ade 0- "he 'e*as =rosecu"ors Bi""ing e" al "o 1eller and 1ellerGs "hen
    a""orne- Ches"er Bro;n A;ho died suddenl- in 199$ and le." his ;ido; "o a""e@=" "he "as o.
    dis=ensing his @assive collec"ion o. .iles held onl- in hard co=- .or@a" "o Bro;nGs clien"s, including
    1eller, in a ver- ha=ha<ard ;a-: "ha" "he !"a"e o. 'e*as did no" in"end "o collec" on or e*ecu"e "he
    Budge@en" agains" 1eller. 'his is evinced 0- "he lac o. an- language in "he Budg@en" =ur=or"ing "o
    incor=ora"e 0- re.erence an-"hing in "he Co@=lain" and 0- "he lac o. an- language =ur=or"ing "o
    .ind .raudulen" conduc" on 1ellerGs =ar" o. "ha" 1eller ;as adFudged "o 0e ei"her a .iduciar- or in a
    C"rus"D rela"ionshi= ;i"h an- o. "he involved =ar"ies or individuals. 1eller sen" "he /e.endan" 1eller
    consen"ed "o "he en"r- o. Fudg@en" in "he a@oun" o. H%&&,&&&.&& Ain 9a-, 199%:, and "he Fudg@en"
    en"ered is ver- shor", con"aining no @en"ion o. incor=ora"ing 0- re.erence an-"hing in "he "-=icall-
    overcharged Co@=lain", no ci"a"ion "o an- !"i=ula"ed )indings o. )ac", no language s=eaing "o an-
    ad@ission o. ;rongdoing or .raudulen" conduc" o. an- ind, nor an- language =ur=or"ing "o es"a0lish
    ei"her a .iduciar- or "rus" rela"ionshi= 0e";een 1eller and an-one. )ur"her, "he Fudge@en" lacs an-
    language .inding 1eller an o..icer or direc"or o. ei"her en"i"-. 3" is reall- no" a" all clear ho;
    o==osing counsel 6GRoure can sign a declara"ion "ha" =ur=or"s "o have non(hearsa-, .irs" hand
    no;ledge, as required 0- 7R 9&14AC:, "ha" s;ears, under =enal"- o. =erFur-, "ha": C+. ,."er
    "horoughl- li"iga"ing "he issues 0u" =rior "o "rial, /e.endan" 1eller consen"ed "o "he en"r- o. Fudg@en"
    in "he a@oun" o. H%&&,&&&.&& Ain 9a-, 199%: 0ased on causes o. ac"ion .or: .raud in real es"a"e
    "ransac"ions, co@@on la; .raud, a 'e*as 3nsurance Code viola"ion .or "he i@=ro=er =ledge or
    h-=o"heca"ion o. ,>273CIs asse"s, cor=ora"e al"er ego, 'e*as /ece="ive 'rade 4rac"ices J
    - 2 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00329
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Consu@er 4ro"ec"ion ,c" viola"ions, .raudulen" conve-ance, cons=irac- "o .raudulen"l- conve-, and
    viola"ions o. 1$ 2.!.C. E 19+2 ARace"eering 3n.luenced and Corru=" 6rgani<a"ions ,c":.D 8o; in
    "he ;orld ;ould o==osing counsel 6GRoure, all "he ;a- u= "here in !ea""le, re=resen"ing so@e 6hio
    cor=ora"ion "ha" 0ough" a Budg@en" .ro@ a Receiver in 'e*as da"ing 0ac al@os" 17 -ears, involving
    an o==osing =ar"- ;hose a""orne- died in 199$, =ossi0l- 0e a0le "o sign a declara"ion "ha" s"a"es, ;i"h
    an- credi0ili"-, "ha" C,."er "horoughl- li"iga"ing "he issues 0u" =rior "o "rial, /e.endan" 1eller
    consen"ed "o "he en"r- o. Fudg@en" in "he a@oun" o. H%&&,&&&.&& Ain 9a-, 199%: 0ased on causes o.
    ac"ion .or....DK Cer"ainl-, o==osing counsel 6GRoure isnG" .inding a 0asis .or declaring ;he"her "he
    issues ;ere C"horoughl- li"iga"edD and u=on ;ha" an- consen" "o en"r- o. Fudg@en" 0- 1eller ;as
    C0ased onD 0- an-"hing in "he Budg@en", as i" is 0liss.ull- shor" and s;ee" and devoid o. an-
    ad@ission o. .raud or @isconduc" 0- 1eller, an- incor=ora"ing language .or o"her docu@en"s, such as
    "he Co@=lain", an- !"i=ula"ed )indings o. )ac", e"c... ,ll "he Budg@en" con"ains, =re""- @uch, is a
    sen"ence sa-ing 1eller agreed "o 0e adFudged o;ing "he Receive da@ages o. H%&&,&&&. 'ha" is lie
    sa-ing a cri@inal de.endan" charged ;i"h "reason, s@uggling nuclear ;ea=ons, serial @urder, and
    Fa-;aling "horoughl- li"iga"ed "he issues and canno" la"er sa- he never ad@i""ed "o nor ;as .ound
    guil"- o. "he charges o"her "han Fa-;aling ;here he signed a !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" .inding hi@ guil"-
    .or "he Fa-;aling .ine....Re@e@0er, over H2&,&&&,&&& ;or"h o. equi"- ;as curiouls- con.isca"ed 0-
    "he 'e*as Receiver, des=i"e a==ro*i@a"el- 9%L o. "he lia0ili"- 0eing alloca"ed "o a
    @egaconglo@era"e reinsurer. 8o; ,>7 and ,>237, ;ere Cinsolven"D ;hen "he- had H2& @illion
    .or "he 'e*as Receiver "o con.isca"e is =re""- unclear, 0u" i"s no" an-;here near as unclear as "he
    con"en"ion "ha" "he issues o. 1ellerGs 0eing a .iduciar- or in a "rus" rela"ionshi= or have a de0"
    involving .raudulen" conduc" adFudged agains" hi@ had 0een C"horoughl- li"iga"edD. )ur"her,
    con"rar- "o CadleGs asser"ions, i" is no" clear "ha" /e.endan" .ailed "o lis" or schedule or o"her;ise add
    - 3 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00330
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    0- a@end@en" "he non(dischargea0le 2ni"ed 8eal"hcare de0" s"e@@ing .ro@ 199& in "he @ore recen"
    Cha="er 7 .iling, or even "ha" he had a du"- "o, and 0ringing "his u= is undul- =reFudicial "o;ards
    1eller and sa-s @ore a0ou" CadleGs "ac"ics "han an-"hing.
    , .e; da-s 0e.ore "he .iling o. "he adversar- =roceeding, 4lain"i.. conduc"ed an
    e*a@ina"ion o. /e.endan" =ursuan" "o Rule 2&&4 ).R. Banr. 4. 4lain"i.. .inall- go" around "o
    conduc"ing a du0iousl- 0rough" e*a@ina"ion o. /e.endan"Is ;i.e, !a@an"ha 8all, on ,=ril 1$, 2&11.
    4lain"i.. has @ade no" a""e@=" "o e*=lain ;h- i" is a si@=le search o. 4acer or cour" records ;ould no"
    have revealed "he incredi0l- eas- "o discover .ac" "ha" 1eller .iled a Cha="er 7 0anru="c- =e"i"ion in
    199&. 4lain"i.. in no ;a- s=eci.ies in an- de"ailing ;ha"soever s=eci.icall- ho;, a" C0o"h
    e*a@ina"ions, 4lain"i.. learned addi"ional .ac"s "o su==or" "he novel cause o. ac"ion con"ained in i"s
    ,@ended Co@=lain".D Mha" .ac"sK 8o; do "he- su==or" "he ne; cause o. ac"ion in "he ,@ended
    Co@=lain"K 4lain"i.. =rovides no su==or" .or an argu@en" "ha" such C.ac"sD ;ere no" easil-
    discovera0le "hrough a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.., such as checing cour"s records or
    4acer "o see i. a =revious 0anru="c- had 0een .iled 0- 1eller. 3" does no" "ae a grea" 0ig 0illing
    even" lie de=osing 1eller and his ;i.e "o .ind "ha" ou", and .ur"her, 4lain"i..Gs .ailure "o do so is no"
    e*cused @erel- 0- "he .ac" "ha" 4lain"i.. @a- have su0sequen"l- 0eco@e a;are o. "he 199& .iling via
    "he de=osi"ions. 'he =oin" is, a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.. ;ould have revealed "he 199&
    .iling, and 4lain"i.. has @ade no a""e@=" "o es"a0lish "ha" "he de=osi"ions o. 1eller and his ;i.e -ield
    an- Cs=ecialD in.or@a"ion "ha" ;ould e*cuse 4lain"i..Gs earlier lac o. diligence or "he undue 0urden
    and e*=ense is has caused 1eller. Mha" is clear is "ha" 1eller can =roduce a cover le""er and )edE*
    0illing o. lading "ha" ;ere @ailed along ;i"h "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on "he eve o. "rial on "ha"
    s=eci.icall- re.er "o "he "als and docu@en"s involved in incor=ora"ing in"o "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en"
    "he !e""le@en" ,gree@en" 1eller can =roduce Ai. no" @ore, de=ending u=on ;ha" is recovera0le .ro@
    - 4 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00331
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    Bi""ing and Bro;nGs dus"- .iles: da"ed ,=ril 1&, 199%, "ha" @ore clearl- se"s .or "he .ac" "ha" 1eller
    did no" s"i=ula"e "o an- .raudulen" conduc" or a .idicuar- or "rus" rela"ionshi= in connec"ion ;i"h "he
    Budg@en" en"ered in 9a- 199%. Cer"ainl-, even i. so@e"hing isnG" .ound in Bi""ing A"he ReceiverGs
    a""orne-: or 1ellerGs old counsel Bro;nGs .iles, "he ,=ril 1&, 199% !e""le@en" ,gree@en" and "he
    cover le""er and )edE* 0ill o. lading 1eller can =roduce and ;hich ;ere @ailed along ;i"h 1ellerGs
    signed !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on 9arch 23 or "herea0ou"s, =laced "he onus on Bi""ing and "he Receiver
    "o @ae so@e a..ir@a"ive ac"ion "o disavo; "he con"en"ions @ade 0- 1eller "herein ;i"h res=ec" "o
    "he e*cu=la"or- na"ure o. "he discussions and docu@en"s connec"ed "o "he Budg@en" en"ered in 9a-
    199%.
    33.
    LEGAL ANAYLSIS
    ,@end@en" o. co@=lain" , =ar"- @a- a@end "he =ar"-Gs =leading once as a @a""er o. course a"
    an- "i@e 0e.ore res=onsive =leading is served or, i. "he =leading is one "o ;hich no res=onsive
    =leading is =er@i""ed and "he ac"ion has no" 0een =laced u=on "he "rial calendar, "he =ar"- @a- so
    a@end i" a" an- "i@e ;i"hin 2& da-s a."er i" is servedN o"her;ise a =ar"- @a- a@end "he =ar"-Gs
    =leading onl- 0- leave o. cour" or 0- ;ri""en consen" o. "he adverse =ar"-, and leave @us" 0e .reel-
    given ;hen Fus"ice so requires. )ed. R. Civ. 4. 1%Aa:, @ade a==lica0le in adversar- =roceedings 0-
    )ed. R. Banr. 4. 7&1%. 'his rule is a==lica0le "o co@=lain"s o0Fec"ing "o discharge. )our"h Circui" 3n
    re 'es"er, %+ B.R. 2&$ AM./. #a. 19$%:. %B )ed. 4roc., 7. Ed. E 9:17%&, 0anru="c- cour" lacs
    au"hori"- "o gran" an un"i@el- @o"ion "o a@end an adversar- co@=lain" "o s"a"e ne; causes o. ac"ion
    o0Fec"ing "o discharge ;here such @o"ion is no" .iled un"il a."er "he deadline .or o0Fec"ing "o
    discharge. Eigh"h Circui" 3n re Bo<e@an, 219 B.R. 2%3 ABanr. M./. ,r. 199$:, a..Gd, 22+ B.R.
    +27, 42 )ed. R. !erv. 3d 41+ AB.,.4. $"h Cir. 199$:. Mhenever "he clai@ or de.ense asser"ed in "he
    a@ended =leading arose ou" o. "he conduc", "ransac"ion, or occurrence se" .or"h or a""e@="ed "o 0e se"
    - 5 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00332
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    .or"h in "he original =leading, "he a@end@en" rela"es 0ac "o "he da"e o. "he original =leading. )ed. R.
    Civ. 4. 1%Ac:A2:, @ade a==lica0le in adversar- =roceedings 0- )ed. R. Banr. 4. 7&1%. 'hus, a
    =ro=osed a@end@en" "o a co@=lain" o0Fec"ing "o discharge @a- rela"e 0ac "o "he "i@e o. "he .iling o.
    "he original co@=lain". )our"h Circui" 3n re 'es"er, %+ B.R. 2&$ AM./. #a. 19$%:
    )ed. R. Civ. 4. 1%Aa:, as a@ended and e..ec"ive /ece@0er 1, 2&&9, =rovides "ha" A1: a =ar"-
    @a- a@end i"s =leading once as a @a""er o. course ;i"hin: A,: 21 da-s a."er serving i", or AB: i. "he
    =leading is one "o ;hich a res=onsive =leading is required, 21 da-s a."er service o. a res=onsive
    =leading or 21 da-s a."er service o. a @o"ion under Rule 12A0:, AeA, or A.:, ;hichever is earlier. )ed.
    R. Civ. 4. 1%Ac:A2: ;as redesigna"ed as )ed. R. Civ. 4. 1%Ac:A1:AB: in 2&&7. ,ddi"ional discover-
    "ha" de.endan" ;ould have "o conduc" i. =os"con.ir@a"ion "rus" es"a0lished under de0"orGs con.ir@ed
    Cha="er 11 =lan ;ere allo;ed "o a@end i"s "urnover co@=lain" "o allege "ha" .unds re"ained 0-
    de.endan" rela"ed, no" "o de0"orGs =re=e"i"ion shi=@en"s o. goods, 0u" "o goods =rovided =os"=e"i"ion,
    and "ha" de.endan"Gs re"en"ion o. .unds "hus viola"ed au"o@a"ic s"a-, did no" rise "o level o. Oundue
    =reFudiceO o. ind ;arran"ing denial o. @o"ion .or leave "o a@endN "rus" ;as no" asser"ing ne; coun"
    ;i"h unrela"ed .ac"s "ha" ;ould re( quire =ar"ies "o s"ar" discover- ane;, and de.endan" could no" 0e
    sur=rised "ha" "rus" ;as no; a""e@="ing "o a@end i"s co@=lain" "o con.or@ "o "he One;GG .ac"s recen"l-
    asser"ed 0- de.endan" regarding =re( or =os"=e"i"ion na"ure o. .unds i" ;as ;i"hholding. 3n re )le@ing
    Co@=anies, 3nc., 323 B.R. 144, +1 )ed. R. !erv. 3d 29+ ABanr. /. /el. 2&&%:. ,ddi"ional clai@s "ha"
    Cha="er 11 "rus"ee sough" "o asser", in his a@ended co@=lain", agains" 0an "ha" .inanced "he
    leveraged 0u-ou" A7B6: "ha" he challenged as ac"uall- and cons"ruc"ivel- .raudulen" "rans.er, .or
    0anGs alleged i@=roviden" lending and aiding in 0reach o. .iduciar- du"-, ;ere no" "i@e(0arred, 0u"
    rela"ed 0ac "o his original "i@el- co@=lain", ;here "hese addi"ional clai@s arose ou" o. "he sa@e
    .ac"s as "hose "ha" .or@ed 0asis o. "rus"eeGs ori( ginal clai@s agains" 0an. 3n re 66/C, 77C, 321
    - 6 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00333
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    B.R. 12$ ABanr. /. /el. 2&&%:. O2ndue =reFudiceGG "o =ar"- o==osing @o"ion .or leave "o a@end
    co@=lain" is @ore "han @ere inconvenienceN i" is .ound onl- ;here "he =ar"- @us" overhaul i"s en"ire
    li"iga"ion s"ra"eg-. 3n re )le@ing Co@=anies, 3nc., 319 B.R. 3%9 ABanr. /. /el. 2&&%:. Cha="er 11
    de0"orsG @o"ion "o a@end "heir a@ended adversar- co@=lain" ;ould 0e denied as un"i@el- ;here,
    al"hough @o"ion ;as @ade ;i"hin e*"ended =eriod .or @aing =re"rial @o"ions, de0"ors .ailed "o
    Fus"i.- "heir e*"ended and undue dela- in ;ai"ing un"il ;ell over a -ear a."er "he =ar"ies had agreed
    "ha" "he =leadings ;ere Ose""ledO "o reques" .ur"her a@end@en", and "o allo; de0"ors "o add ne;
    causes o. ac"ion and change "he .ocus o. "he li"iga"ion a."er discover- had 0een co@=le"ed, and a."er
    de.endan"s had inves"ed signi.ican" "i@e and @one- in =re=aring and =resen"ing su@@ar- Fudg@en"
    @o"ions on "he =leadings, ;ould have 0een =reFudicial "o de.endan"s. 3n re 'horian, 3$7 B.R. %&
    ABanr. /. 3daho 2&&$:.
    4lain"i.. has @ade no" a""e@=" "o e*=lain ;h- i" is a si@=le search o. 4acer or cour" records
    ;ould no" have revealed "he incredi0l- eas- "o discover .ac" "ha" 1eller .iled a Cha="er 7 0anru="c-
    =e"i"ion in 199&. 4lain"i.. in no ;a- s=eci.ies in an- de"ailing ;ha"soever s=eci.icall- ho;, a" C0o"h
    e*a@ina"ions, 4lain"i.. learned addi"ional .ac"s "o su==or" "he novel cause o. ac"ion con"ained in i"s
    ,@ended Co@=lain".D Mha" .ac"sK 8o; do "he- su==or" "he ne; cause o. ac"ion in "he ,@ended
    Co@=lain"K 4lain"i.. =rovides no su==or" .or an argu@en" "ha" such C.ac"sD ;ere no" easil-
    discovera0le "hrough a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.., such as checing cour"s records or
    4acer "o see i. a =revious 0anru="c- had 0een .iled 0- 1eller. 3" does no" "ae a grea" 0ig 0illing
    even" lie de=osing 1eller and his ;i.e "o .ind "ha" ou", and .ur"her, 4lain"i..Gs .ailure "o do so is no"
    e*cused @erel- 0- "he .ac" "ha" 4lain"i.. @a- have su0sequen"l- 0eco@e a;are o. "he 199& .iling via
    "he de=osi"ions. 'he =oin" is, a reasona0l- diligen" inquir- 0- 4lain"i.. ;ould have revealed "he 199&
    .iling, and 4lain"i.. has @ade no a""e@=" "o es"a0lish "ha" "he de=osi"ions o. 1eller and his ;i.e -ield
    - 7 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00334
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    an- Cs=ecialD in.or@a"ion "ha" ;ould e*cuse 4lain"i..Gs earlier lac o. diligence or "he undue 0urden
    and e*=ense is has caused 1eller. Mha" is clear is "ha" 1eller can =roduce a cover le""er and )edE*
    0illing o. lading "ha" ;ere @ailed along ;i"h "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on "he eve o. "rial on "ha"
    s=eci.icall- re.er "o "he "als and docu@en"s involved in incor=ora"ing in"o "he !"i=ula"ed Budg@en"
    "he !e""le@en" ,gree@en" 1eller can =roduce Ai. no" @ore, de=ending u=on ;ha" is recovera0le .ro@
    Bi""ing and Bro;nGs dus"- .iles: da"ed ,=ril 1&, 199%, "ha" @ore clearl- se"s .or "he .ac" "ha" 1eller
    did no" s"i=ula"e "o an- .raudulen" conduc" or a .idicuar- or "rus" rela"ionshi= in connec"ion ;i"h "he
    Budg@en" en"ered in 9a- 199%. Cer"ainl-, even i. so@e"hing isnG" .ound in Bi""ing A"he ReceiverGs
    a""orne-: or 1ellerGs old counsel Bro;nGs .iles, "he ,=ril 1&, 199% !e""el@en" ,gree@en" and "he
    cover le""er and )edE* 0ill o. lading 1eller can =roduce and ;hich ;ere @ailed along ;i"h 1ellerGs
    signed !"i=ula"ed Budg@en" on 9arch 23 or "herea0ou"s, =laced "he onus on Bi""ing and "he Receiver
    "o @ae so@e a..ir@a"ive ac"ion "o disavo; "he con"en"ions @ade 0- 1eller "herein ;i"h res=ec" "o
    "he e*cu=la"or- na"ure o. "he discussions and docu@en"s connec"ed "o "he Budg@en" en"ered in 9a-
    199%.
    ,llo;ing Cadle "o a@end here cer"ainl- ;ould a@oun" "o undue =reFudice "o 1eller. ,lread-,
    Fus" "o .ile "his 6==osi"ion, 1eller has 0een .orced "o =rocure "he services o. "he undersigned, and
    a0sen" "ha", 1eller ;ould 0e =a-ing a ;eeend =lu@0erGs e@ergenc- ranso@ "o address a si"ua"ion
    caused 0- 6GRoureGs .ailure "o run a na@e search .or 1eller "o discover- =revious 0anru="c-Gs and
    "he doce"s "here.ro@. 6GRoure should surel- 0e a;are o. and a0le "o use 4acer. )ur"her,
    6GRoure, ;hose aggresive li"iga"ing is having a dele"erious e..ec" on 1eller .or sure, doesnG" even
    0o"her "o ci"e a single case in su==or" o. his Ores Fudica"aO argu@en" A;ouldnG" "ha" argu@en" ;or "he
    o"her ;a- "oo, i.e, since "here ;as no language s=eci.icall- incor=ora"ing 0- re.erence "he allega"ions
    - 8 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00335
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    o. "he Co@=lain" in "he Budg@en", "he issue "ha" 1eller co@@i""ed no .raud is 0arred 0- issue or clai@
    =reclusionK:
    P;es" Co@@unica"ions 3n"ern., 3nc. v. ,' Q ' Cor=., 114 !.M.3d 1% 'e*.,==.,us"in,2&&3
    Cour" rendering agreed Fudg@en" @us" do so in s"ric" or li"eral co@=liance ;i"h se""le@en" agree@en".
    #ernonGs ,nn.'e*as Rules Civ.4roc., Rule 11. 3ssues o. .raud or ;ill.ul evasion o. "a*es ;ere never
    ac"uall- li"iga"ed or ad@i""ed as "o de0"or 19$4 "a* lia0ili"ies in li"iga"ion 0e.ore 'a* Cour", and "hus,
    de0"or ;as no" colla"erall- es"o==ed "o den- nondischargea0ili"- o. 19$4 "a* de0" 0ased on his
    consen" "o decision 0- 2ni"ed !"a"es 'a* Cour" o. decision i@=osing .raud =enal"ies, ;here no
    ad@issions, .ac"ual .indings, or in"en"ion o. =ar"ies concerning .raud issue or ;ill.ul evasion .or 19$4
    "a*es ;ere incor=ora"ed in"o 'a* Cour" decision, govern@en" ad@i""ed in i"s ans;er "ha" .raud
    =enal"ies, ;hich ;ere onl- discerni0le reason .ro@ .ace o. 'a* Cour" decision .or den-ing
    dischargea0( ili"- o. 19$4 "a* lia0ili"-, ;ere dischargea0le, and s"i=ula"ed en"r- o. decision ;as 0are
    o. an- .ac"ual su==or". Banr.Code, 11 2.!.C.,. E %23Aa:A1:AC:. 3n re >o.., 1$& B.R. 193, Banr. 7.
    Re=. ACC8: 4 7+497, 7% ,.).'.R.2d 9%(2%31 ABanr. M./. 'enn. 199%:.
    1% ,.7.R. )ed. 2d 337 A6riginall- =u0lished in 2&&+: !ee =age 149 "hru 1+& s=eci.ic "o
    insurance indus"r-. OMhere "he 3nsurance Co@@issioner o. "he !"a"e o. Mes" #irginia
    ACo@@issioner: ;as a=( =oin"ed "he receiver and liquida"or o. an insolven" li.e insurance co@=an-,
    and "he Co@@is( sioner sued "he .or@er direc"ors o. "he li.e insurance co@=an-, "he cour" in 3n re
    Mil0ur, 1997 M7 37%+$7 ABanr. 9./. )la. 1997:, .ound "ha" "he Co@@issioner .ailed "o =resen"
    evidence "ha" a de0"or .or@er direc"or co@@i""ed .raud ;hile ac"ing in a .iduciar- ca=aci"-, since "he
    s"a"e cour"Gs holdings regarding "he de0"orGs .iduciar- role did no" sa"is.- "he require@en"s o. "he
    discharge e*ce="ion .or .raud or de.alca"ion ;hile ac"ing in a .iduciar- ca=aci"- under 11 2.!.C.,. E
    %23Aa:A4:. )lorida /e=ar"@en" o. 3nsurance, in i"s ca=aci"- as "he receiver o. insolven" insurance
    - 9 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00336
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    co@=anies, 0rough" adversar- =roceedings agains" a 0anru=" .or@er o..icer and direc"or "o recover
    .or "he .or@er o..icerGs alleged usur=a"ion and 0reach o. .iduciar- du"- and "o e*ce=" "his
    inde0"edness .ro@ discharge, and on "he de0"or o..icerGs @o"ion .or su@@ar- Fudg@en", "he cour" in
    3n re Blac0urn, 2&9 B.R. 4 ABanr. 9./. )la. 1997:, concluded "ha" "he general .iduciar- du"ies
    o;ed "o a )lorida cor=ora"ion 0- i"s o..icers and direc"ors ;ere insu..icien", 0- "he@selves, "o su==or"
    "he clai@ "ha" "he o..icers and direc"ors s"ood in a O.iduciar- ca=a( ci"-O "o "he cor=ora"ion .or de0"
    dischargea0ili"- =ur=oses under 11 2.!.C.,. E %23Aa:A4:N 1% ,.7.R. )ed. 2d 337 4age 1+& 1% ,.7.R.
    )ed. 2d 337 A6riginall- =u0lished in 2&&+:. O'he cour" 3n re Nords"ro@, $ )ed. ,==*. $23 A9"h Cir.
    2&&1:, held "ha" no .iduciar- rela( "ionshi=, .or "he =ur=oses o. "he .iduciar- .raud or de.alca"ion
    discharge e*ce="ion o. 11 2.!.C.,. E %23Aa:A4:, e*is"ed 0e";een "he Fudg@en"(credi"or and "he
    individual de0"or as o;ner and o=era"or o. ";o rela"ed cor=ora"ions engaged in "he sale o. insurance
    ;here "he credi"or could no" sho; "he requisi"e e*=ress or "echnical "rus" 0e";een "he =ar"ies. 'he
    credi"( or had 0een inFured in an au"o@o0ile acciden" and o0"ained a de.aul" Fudg@en" agains" "he o"h(
    er driver, ;ho ;as insured 0- an insolven" co@=an- "ha" sold insurance "hrough "he de0"orGs
    cor=ora"ion. 'he credi"or "hen .iled a s"a"e cour" ac"ion agains" "he de0"or, individuall- and "hrough
    his co@=anies, alleging "ha" he had in"en"ionall- engaged in a .raudulen" sche@e "o sell under.unded
    insurance =olicies in viola"ion o. Cali.ornia la;, and o0"ained Fudg@en" agains" "he de0"or
    co@=anies.O
    Rule 7&1% )ed. R. Banr. 4., incor=ora"ing Rule 1% )ed. R. Civ. 4., =rovides a s"andard .or
    "he a@end@en" o. =leadings. ,."er, ;here, as here, /e.endan" has alread- .iled a res=onsive
    =leading, leave "o a@end should 0e gran"ed unless a@end@en" ;ould cause =reFudice "o "he o==osing
    =ar"-, is sough" in 0ad .ai"h, is .u"ile, or crea"es undue dela-. Bohnson v. 9a@@o"h Recrea"ions, 97%
    ).2d +&4, +&7 A9"h Cir. 1992:. 3n "his case, 4lain"i.. should no" 0e accorded leave "o a@end i"s
    - 10 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00337
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    adversar- co@=lain" on all "hose accoun"s, and .ur"her, as 4lain"i.. and i"s counsel "horoughl- .ails "o
    s=eci.- in an- de"ail ;ha"soever ;ha" addi"ional in.or@a"ion regarding /e.endan"Is ac"ions and "he
    underl-ing Fudg@en" ca@e "o ligh" a."er "he .iling o. "he ini"ial adversar- =roceeding "ha" a si@=le
    na@e search .or 1eller on 4acer or "he 0anru="c- doce"s or an- o"her a""e@="s a" @aing a
    reasona0l- diligen" inquir- vis a vis Rule 9&11 ;ould have revealed. !=eaing o. 9&11, o==osing
    counsel .ails "o ci"e "o a single case su==or"ing his "rul- crea"ive res Fudica"a argu@en", and "he sa@e
    can 0e said, ;i"h ever @ore vigor a0ou" 4lain"i..Gs .ailure "o =rovide an- legal su==or" .or ;ha" see@s
    "o 0e "heir con"en"ion "ha" 1eller ;as under so@e legal du"- "o 0eco@e a =s-chic and no; "ha" 3
    -ears a."er "he close o. "he 0anru="c- 1eller .iled in 199& "ha" 1eller ;ould have a Fudg@en" agains"
    hi@ in 'e*as in 199%, "hough 6GRoure @aes conclusor- asser"ions in his =leadings "ha" 1ellerGs
    Olia0ili"- ;as clearO 0- "he "i@e "he 199& Ch. 7 .iling ;as ending Ano" clear enough, a==aren"l-, "o
    =reven" over "hree @ore -ears "i@e =assing 0e.ore an- Fudg@en" ;as rendered agains" 1eller in
    'e*as, "hough:, ho;ever, 6GRoure .ails "o ci"e even one case "ha" ;ould su==or" his argu@en" under
    "hose circu@s"ances, even i. "he- could 0e =roven. 6GRoure .ailed "o ci"e a case .or ;ha" see@s "o
    0e his argu@en" "ha" i. 1ellerGs lia0ili"- ;as clear vis a vis "he 'e*as @a""er, i" should have 0een
    scheduled in "he 199& ,ri<ona 0anru="c- .iling 0- "he "i@e "ha" ended so@e"i@e in 1992, and "ha",
    1ellerGs .ailure "o do so no; su0Fec"s hi@ "o "he cause o. ac"ion "ha" "he Cadle Co@=an- no; sees "o
    add 0- a@ending i"s original Co@=lain" in "his adversar- =roceeding. 4lain"i..Is a@end@en" ;ill
    cer"ainl- dela- "he =roceedings even .ur"her since each cause o. ac"ion does no" su0s"an"iall- overla=
    or rela"es 0ac "o "he original co@=lain". ,c"uall-, 6GRoure has no" even es"a0lished "ha" "his ne;
    cause o. ac"ion does rela"e 0ac "o !69E'39E BE)6RE "he .iling o. "he original Co@=lain" in
    'e*as Aagain, Cadle requiring 1eller "o 0e a =s-chic, a==aren"l-:. Pui"e si@=l-, "he de0" "ha"
    - 11 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00338
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    /e.endan" o;es 4lain"i.. could no" have =ossi0l- 0een lis"ed or scheduled 0- "he de0"or in his earlier
    case in "he 2ni"ed !"a"es Banru="c- Cour" o. "he /is"ric" o. ,ri<ona and i" is
    "here.ore dischargea0le under 11 2.!.C. E %23Aa:A1&:, ;hich reads "ha": OA1&: "ha" ;as or could have
    0een lis"ed or scheduled 0- "he de0"or in a =rior case concerning "he de0"or under "his "i"le or under
    "he Banru="c- ,c" in ;hich "he de0"or ;aived discharge, or ;as denied a discharge under sec"ion
    727Aa:A2:, A3:, A4:, A%:, A+:, or A7: o. "his "i"le, or under sec"ion 14cA1:, A2:, A3:, A4:, A+:, or A7: o. such
    ,c"O.
    Bid =ro"es"or ;ould 0e gran"ed leave "o .ile second a@ended co@=lain" a."er i" learned "ha"
    con"rac" had 0een @odi.ied "hree "i@es a."er re(a;ard, no";i"hs"anding de.endan"sG o0Fec"ion "ha"
    a@end@en" ;ould 0e .u"ile 0ecause Furisdic"ion ;as lacing over ne; clai@s ;hich alleged .ac"s
    ;hich occurred a."er con"rac" a;ard, as ne; clai@s alleged O@a"erialO =os"(a;ard changes "o "he
    con"rac", allo;ing re"en"ion o. Furisdic"ion =ursuan" "o "he Co@=e"i"ion in Con"rac"ing ,c" AC3C,:.
    3n.or@a"ion !ciences Cor=. v. 2.!., $& )ed. Cl. +4$ A2&&$:. , @o"ion "o a@end @a- 0e dee@ed .u"ile
    i. a clai@ added 0- "he a@end@en" ;ould no" ;i"hs"and a @o"ion "o dis@iss. !hoshone 3ndian 'ri0e
    o. "he Mind River Reserva"ion, M-o@ing v. 2.!., 71 )ed. Cl. 172 A2&&+:. , =lain"i.. ;ould no" 0e
    allo;ed "o a@end a co@=lain" ;here a =lain"i..Gs clai@s ;ere 0arred 0- res Fudica"a or colla"eral
    es"o==el and o"her;ise did no" co@e ;i"hin "he Furisdic"ion o. "he Cour" o. )ederal Clai@s, and "hus
    .ur"her a@end@en" ;as .u"ile. !aladino v. 2.!., +2 )ed. Cl. 7$2 A2&&4:.
    )inall-, de.endan" ;ill "horoughl- 0e =reFudiced as a grea" deal o. invasive discover- has
    "aen =lace "o da"e alread- and Cadle has 0een =rovided conclusive =roo. "ha" 1ellerGs ;i.e should
    no" 0e 0o"hered 0- "his li"iga"ion, @uch less 0e su0Fec" "o even @ore invasive ve*a"ion even 0e-ond
    "he Rule 2&&4 e*a@ina"ion she has alread- 0een .orced "o su0@i" "o. !ince so ver- @uch "i@e has
    no; =assed since "he .iling o. "his ,dversar- 4roceeding, no" "o @en"ion "he cou=le o. decades "ha"
    - 12 -
    OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT IN ADVERSARY PROCEEDING
    00339
    To: B4599J51-JOle-4bdb-9Jac-65cJ1ba From: zachcoughlln 11-19-11 5:14pm p. 91 of 91


    1 have passed since Keller's 1990 Arizona bankrutpcy filing, much less tha complete ad utter absence
    2
    of a nexus between that fling ad the 1995 Judgment in Texas, to say nothing of the reputation the
    3
    Cadle Compay have developed in State and beyond for scurrilous, vexatious litigation, the standards
    4
    of Rule 15 should yield an Order denying Plaintits Motion to Amend their Complaint.
    5
    6
    III.
    CONCLUSION
    7
    F or the reasons cited above, Defendant respectlly requests that this
    C
    ourt enter a Order
    8
    9
    denying The Cadle Company's Motion to amend its Adversary Complaint and perhaps consider
    10 whether Keller is due something for his trouble in opposing a motion that didn't bother to cite to
    11
    much in the way of legal authority in support of its contentions.
    12
    DA TED this 23rd day of November, 2011.
    13
    14
    15
    16
    lsi Zachary Barker Coughlin
    Zachary Barker Coughlin, Esq.
    17 Attorney for Defendant
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28
    - 13 -
    OPPOSITION TO MTION TO A COMLINT IN ARA PROCEING
    00340
    To. B4599357-307e-4bdh-93ac-65c32ba From, zachcouqh11n

    12-19-11 5,24pm p. 91 of 92
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20
    21
    22
    23
    24
    25
    26
    27
    28

    CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE AD MAILING
    I HEREBY CERTIFY that on November 23" 2011 a true and correct copy of the foregoing was filed
    i hard copy with the Clerk of Cour i compliance with LR 5005, as the undersigned is not yet
    registered to efile on the CM/ECF system. I filed and deposited i the U.S. Mail a true copy of the
    within: OPPOSITION TO MOTION TO AMEND COMLAINT IN ADVERSARY
    PROCEDING to:
    MICHAEL P. O'ROURKE, ESQ.
    Nevada Bar No. 6764
    O'ROURKE LAW GROUP, PC
    800 Fifh Avenue, Suite 4100
    Seattle, Washington 98104
    Telephone: (206) 477-1475
    Facsimile: (206) 470-1150
    orourkelawgrougail.com
    BRIAN J. SMITH, ESQ.
    Nevada Bar No. 11279
    Of Counsel to O'ROURKE LAW
    GROUP, PC
    700 South Third Street
    Las Vegas, Nevada 89101
    Telephone: (702) 380-8248
    Facsimile: (702) 382-7595
    Attorneys fOI' Plaintif
    Dated this 23th day of Noverber, 2011
    - 14 -
    /s/ Zach Cou
    Zach Coughlin, Esq.
    Attorey for Defendant Keller
    OPPOSITION TO MTION TO A CLNT IN AVR PROCEEING
    00341

    You might also like