Colegio Integral El vila | May 31st June 1st

CIAMUN
2014
DELEGATE TRAINING GUIDE


Delegate Preparation Guide


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Glossary of Basic MUN Terms

Abstain: During a vote on a substantive matter, delegates may abstain rather than vote yes or no. This
generally signals that a country does not support the resolution being voted on, but does not oppose it enough
to vote no.

Adjourn: All UN or Model UN sessions end with a vote to adjourn. This means that the debate is suspended
until the next meeting. This can be a short time (e.g., overnight) or a long time (until next year's conference).

Agenda: The order in which the issues before a committee will be discussed. The first duty of a committee
following the roll call is usually to set the agenda.
Amendment: A change to a draft resolution on the floor. Can be of two types: a "friendly amendment" is
supported by the original draft resolution's sponsors, and is passed automatically, while an "unfriendly
amendment" is not supported by the original sponsors and must be voted on by the committee as a whole.

Background guide: A guide to a topic being discussed in a Model UN committee usually written by
conference organizers and distributed to delegates before the conference. The starting point for any research
before a Model UN conference.

Binding: Having legal force in UN member states. Security Council resolutions are binding, as are decisions
of the International Court of Justice; resolutions of the General Assembly and Economic and Social Council
are not.

Bloc: A group of countries in a similar geographical region or with a similar opinion on a particular topic.
Blocs typically vote together.

Caucus: A break in formal debate in which countries can easily and informally discuss a topic. There are two
types: moderated caucus and unmoderated caucus.
Chair: A member of the dais that moderates debate, keeps time, rules on points and motions, and enforces the
rules of procedure. Also known as a Moderator.

Dais: The group of people, usually high school or college students, in charge of a Model UN committee. It
generally consists of a Chair, a Director, and a Rapporteur. The dais is also the raised platform on which the
chair traditionally sits.

Decorum: The order and respect for others that all delegates at a Model UN conference must exhibit. The
Chair will call for decorum when he or she feels that the committee is not being respectful of a speaker, of the
dais, or of their roles as ambassadors.

Delegate: A student acting as a representative of a member state or observer in a Model UN committee.

Delegation: The entire group of people representing a member state or observer in all committees at a
particular Model UN conference. They are usually all from the same school.

Division of the House: During voting bloc, delegates may motion to vote on certain clauses of a resolution

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separately, so that only the clauses that are passed become part of the final resolution. This is known as
division of the question.

Draft resolution: A document that seeks to fix the problems addressed by a Model UN committee. If passed
by the committee, the draft resolution will become into a resolution.

Faculty Advisor: The faculty member in charge of a Model UN team, class or club.

Formal debate: The "standard" type of debate at a Model UN conference, in which delegates speak for a
certain time in an order based on a speakers' list.

Member State: A country that has ratified the Charter of the United Nations and whose application to join has
been accepted by the General Assembly and Security Council. Currently, there are 193 member states.

Moderated Caucus: A type of caucus in which delegates remain seated and the Chair calls on them one at a
time to speak for a short period of time, enabling a freer exchange of opinions than would be possible in
formal debate.

Moderator: see Chair.

Motion: A request made by a delegate that the committee as a whole do something. Some motions might be to
go into a caucus, to adjourn, to introduce a draft resolution, or to move into voting procedure.

Observer: A state, national organization, regional organization, or non-governmental organization that is not a
member of the UN but participates in its debates. Observers can vote on procedural matters but not
substantive matters. An example is the Holy See.

On the floor: At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not
be discussed in debate. After it is approved by the Director and introduced by the committee, it is put "on the
floor" and may be discussed.

Operative clause: The part of a resolution which describes how the UN will address a problem. It begins with
an action verb (decides, establishes, recommends, etc.).

Page or Admin: A delegate in a Model UN committee that has volunteered to pass notes from one delegate to
another, or from a delegate to the dais, for a short period of time.

Placard: A piece of cardstock with a country's name on it that a delegate raises in the air to signal to the Chair
that he or she wishes to speak.

Point: A request raised by a delegate for information or for an action relating to that delegate. Examples
include a point of order, a point of inquiry, and a point of personal privilege.

Position paper: A summary of a country's position on a topic, written by a delegate before a Model UN
conference.

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Preambulatory Clause: The part of a resolution that describes previous actions taken on the topic and reasons
why the resolution is necessary. It begins with a participle or adjective (noting, concerned, regretting, aware
of, recalling, etc.).

Procedural: Having to do with the way a committee is run, as opposed to the topic being discussed. All
delegates present must vote on procedural matters and may not abstain.

Quorum: The minimum number of delegates needed to be present for a committee to meet. In the General
Assembly, a quorum consists of one third of the members to begin debate, and a majority of members to pass
a resolution. In the Security Council, no quorum exists for the body to debate, but nine members must be
present to pass a resolution.

Resolution: A document that has been passed by an organ of the UN that aims to address a particular problem
or issue.

Right of Reply: A right to speak in reply to a previous speaker's comment, invoked when a delegate feels
personally insulted by another's speech. Generally requires a written note to the Chair to be invoked.

Roll Call: The first order of business in a Model UN committee, during which the Rapporteur reads aloud the
names of each member state in the committee. When a delegate's country's name is called, he or she may
respond "present" or "present and voting." A delegate responding "present and voting" may not abstain on a
substantive vote.

Rules of Procedure: The rules by which a Model UN committee is run.

Second: To agree with a motion being proposed. Many motions must be seconded before they can be brought
to a vote.

Secretariat: The staff of a Model UN conference.

Secretary-General: The leader of a Model UN conference.

Signatory: A country that wishes a draft resolution to be put on the floor and signs the draft resolution to
accomplish this. A signatory need not support a resolution; it only wants it to be discussed. Usually, Model
UN conferences require some minimum number of sponsors and signatories for a draft resolution to be
approved.

Simple majority: 50% plus one vote of the number of delegates in a committee. The amount needed to pass
most votes.

Speakers' List: A list that determines the order in which delegates will speak. Whenever a new topic is opened
for discussion, the Chair will create a speakers' list by asking all delegates wishing to speak to raise their
placards and calling on them one at a time. During debate, a delegate may indicate that he or she wishes to be
added to the speakers' list by sending a note to the dais.

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Substantive: Having to do with the topic being discussed. A substantive vote is a vote on a draft resolution or
amendment already on the floor during voting bloc. Only member states (not observer states or non-
governmental organizations) may vote on substantive issues.

Unmoderated Caucus: A type of caucus in which delegates leave their seats to mingle and speak freely.
Enables the free sharing of ideas to an extent not possible in formal debate or even a moderated caucus.
Frequently used to sort countries into blocs and to write working papers and draft resolutions.

Vet: The ability, held by China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States to
prevent any draft resolution in the Security Council from passing by voting no.

Vote: A time at which delegates indicate whether they do or do not support a proposed action for the
committee. There are two types: procedural and substantive.

Voting procedure: The period at the end of a committee session during which delegates vote on proposed
amendments and draft resolutions. Nobody may enter the committee room.

How to Make a Speech
1. Thank the presiding official (chair, judge, secretary, faculty)
2. Then begin by providing the most important aspects of the topic.
3. Provide you countrys position on the issue at hand.
4. Discuss past actions and present actions that are already trying to solve the problem.
5. Encourage collaboration to other member states.
6. Present ideas for a draft resolution.
7. Address your delegations biggest concerns and ideas, which will show initiative to find a solution to
the whole committee.
8. Finish your speech memorably by adding a quote or an analogy.

Note: this is not a specific guideline for speech writing. You may or may not use all the points stated here.
This is only some ideas of how to write your speeches.

Mr. Anthony Hogan, Model U.N. International, suggests the system of six Cs to improve your
ability:
1. Confidence: Confidence is portrayed by being as knowledgeable as possible on your subject and
conveying this knowledge through the power of your voice and eyes. As a Model U.N. delegate, you are the
authority and representative of your respective country. Research well and speak as if you know you are
undoubtedly right. As the speaker, you must have confidence in yourself; otherwise the audience will have
little confidence in you.
2. Clear: A speaker can do many things before-hand to assist them in speaking clearly. Write an outline of
the topics that are going to be said, and follow it when speaking. Always speak slowly. This will allow the
audience to hear everything that is said. Know your terminology well beforehand to avoid fumbling with
words. Try to enunciate words properly.

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3. Concise: A good public speaker presents his/her points in a clean and clear-cut fashion. Unnecessary
words and information should not be used to fill in the speech. The speech should be brief and to the point
say what you have to say. Do not ramble on about the topic in order to appear knowledgeable.
4. Constructive: An effective public speech needs to be constructed properly. Start with a solid foundation
that brings together all of your ideas, present your points, and then connect them by reviewing what was said.
There should be an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. It is a known fact that three is a magic number.
Say it once, say it and review it, then say it again. This method will help the audience to remember what was
said.
5. Con Passion: It is always important to speak from the heartwith passionhence the Spanish term
con passion. Always maintain eye contact with the audience. In doing so the audience will feel connected to
you and your speech. This is what you want. You want to grab and to hold the audiences attention.
6. Critique: It is better to critique than to criticize. Critiquing is constructive and allows for people to grow
and improve. Criticizing brings peoples motivation and confidence down. A critique should be accepted
positively, since it is a tool that is used to strengthen ones public speaking.
Some Additional Tips For Effective Public Speaking:
1. ELIMINATE UNNECESSARY SPEECH FILLERS from your communication. Fillers are words and
phrases such as umm, well, it is sort-a like, its kind-a like. These take away from the message you
want to convey. Some of the words and phrases to eliminate include: you know, I think, Im sorry,
just, but, should, like, um, and, a, etc.
2. USE THE POWERFUL PAUSE. Do not be afraid to have a moment of silence between sentences. A
pause, after a thought and prefacing a response to a question holds the attention of the listener.
3. BREATHE from the diaphragm. Breathe deeply and often.
4. PACE YOURSELF. Do not talk too fast or too slow.
5. PHYSICALLY POSITION YOURSELF POWERFULLY. Be aware of your posture when you speak.
Slouching, tilting your head and crossing your arms or legs diminishes the message. Stand up straight,
shoulders down, feet firmly planted and knees unlocked.
6. PROJECT YOUR PRESENCE. Your voice is the herald that carries your message. Speak from your
diaphragm not your throat. Keep the sound in the low- to- medium range. This projects authority. Speak
loudly enough to be easily heard. Focus on speaking with enthusiasm, and energy and create color with your
voice.
7. GESTURES. Do not be a statue. Consider occasionally exaggerating a gesture. Speaking from a platform is
different than holding a one on one conversation. Use your whole body when you speak.
8. CONNECT WITH YOUR AUDIENCE. Use a lot of eye contact. Speak directly to individual members of
the audience. Do not take your eyes off your audience or focus on a point over their heads.

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9. COMMUNICATE CONFIDENCE. Make a conscious effort to protect yourself confidently. This is as
important as the message.
Tips For Effective Caucusing
Enter the caucus with a plan mind: Formulate ideas on what your country would like to see included
in a resolution. Decide which clause you are willing to negotiate on and which you are not.
Find delegate in your regional bodies: This is the easiest way to seek allies. However, if you find that
the group you are working with is not meeting your needs, do not be afraid to switch groups.
Provide ideas: Tell others what your country is hoping to achieve. If you do not agree with an idea,
do not hesitate to say that is against your countrys policy.
Negotiate: While it is often necessary to give up something that you want, make sure that you are not
giving up anything too important.
Do not interrupt: Allow other delegates to finish their thoughts rather than interrupting others in the
middle of the sentence. It sometimes helps to write down your idea so that you can bring it up late
after the delegate finishes speaking.
Record ideas: Start to formulate a resolution in writing. Recording fellow delegates ideas on paper
for further use.
Stay calm: In caucuses, delegates can be overly stressed. Staying calm will help your group be more
effective and notices by the conference staff. Always use your voice normal level and try not to raise
your voice.
Collecting Country Information
In order to give the best representation during the conference, first you must fully understand your countries
position. For that, you should be able to answer each of the following questions.
1. What type of government does your country have?
2. What ideologies, religious orientations, influence the government?
3. Which domestic issues might influence your countrys foreign policy?
4. How does your country geographical location influence its foreign policy?
5. To what geographical bloc does your country belong?
6. To what economic bloc does your country belong?
7. To what international organizations does your country belong?

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8. What is your countrys GDP and economic alliances?
9. Has your country signed to any international legal binding treaty?
Framing Your Topic
After you fully understand your countrys general scope, you must try to fit its position to the topic and
committee assigned to you. For that, you must be able to answer the following questions about your topic and
or complete the tasks below.
1. Is it a real topic?
2. Can you directly identify positions? If so which ones
3. Is the issue narrow or broad? If it is broad try and reducing it to the five main issues or problems.
4. Analyze the issue going point by point.
5. Address the section of questions a resolution must answer in order to prepare a position for the topic.
6. Take into account the factual knowledge of the topic and organize this information in bullets.
These questions and tasks will not only aid you in answering and finding your position, they will help you
organize your ideas and solutions better.
Position Paper
A position paper is a document in which a delegate must express the position on a certain topic of the
delegation he/she is representing.
A position paper must contain diplomatic, specific, and formal vocabulary.
It usually abides to the norm of 3 paragraphs but it can be altered as long as it follows the same
flow.
Guidelines
Paragraph 1
This paragraph should describe the issue to be discussed in their committee. The following information must
be provided.
1. What has happened?
2. Where has it happened?
3. Who is involved?
4. When and how long has it been occurring?
5. Why did it happen?
6. How does it affect you issue/committee?
Paragraph 2
This paragraph will provide information on what their country has done in the past on this issue. the following
information should be provided.
1. What has your delegation done in the past?
2. How many resources or actions have they provided? (people, military or money)
3. What are they doing now?

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4. Have they participated in any previous meeting?
5. Are they founder or supporters of NGOs (non-governmental organizations)?
Paragraph 3
This paragraph should outline what was previously stated and conclude with solutions and restatement of your
position. The following information must be provided:
1. What should be done?
2. Who will have to contribute to the solution? (people, military, money, NGOs, world bank, IMF)
3. How much money is needed?
4. How can this contribute to the well-being of the world?
5. RESTATE YOUR POSITION
6. If you want to draw attention and highlight your position versus the other delegates, consider adding
a quote or a metaphor.

Sample Position Paper | Position Paper Format

CIAMUN 2014
Committee: Security Council
Topic: The Situation In Yemen
Country: Saudi Arabia

Since the reunification of Yemen in 1994, many issues have plagued the country; including sectarian
violence, terrorism, internally displaced and an unstable central government. The clash of cultures that
originated in the center of the nation causes these troubles to be of a greater concern. After the USAs attempt
to eliminate al-Qaeda, many of their Iraqi bases moved to Yemens borders. After several attempts from the
government to eradicate the plague of violence, they failed to offer their citizens the security deserved,
henceforth causing many IDPs.
The delegation of Saudi Arabia deeply regrets the situation in Yemen. We recognize our attempts to
help and defend Yemeni sovereignty during the dictatorship of President Saleh. We now comprehend and
promote further help to alleviate these problems. After the sectarian violence in 2009, us their geopolitical
neighbors, and us, the international community must take a stand. Saudi Arabia is outraged by the attempts of
al-Qaeda and other terrorist organizations to invade and occupy Yemen. The al-Qaeda in the Arabian
Peninsula (AQAP), worries both Yemen and Saudi Arabia. Considering that their violent insurgences within
tribes, in which more than 56 people were killed, is illegal and unacceptable by the laws of Yemen.
Saudi Arabia believes than in order to provide a better security for Yemeni people, further assistance
of the AP should be given, including an improvement in Yemeni refugee camps. On the other hand, since
terrorism is not an offense punishable by the ICC, the international community must encourage this entity to
qualify terrorism as an international crime. The delegation of Saudi Arabia further agrees with the United
States referred to Yemen when people resist to violence they unite under a common cause.

Resolutions
Resolutions are documents in which several delegations collaborate in writing concrete and specific solutions
for the topic of the committee. Some tips for writing resolutions are:
Always follow the format handed to you. Following the format, a reviewing for spelling mistakes
will assure less work for the chair while correcting it.

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Preambulatory clauses use a first phrase that is underlined and they end with a comma.
Operative clauses, use a first phrase that is underlined and numbered, they end with a semi-
colon.
Be realistic, even though creative solutions are encouraged, yours need to be more factual based
while still bringing innovative thought.
In the preambulatory clauses try to cite facts and documents, that have already been published about
the issue. This will be viewed as knowledgeable and of reference while reading the resolution.
The operative clauses are the most important, dont spend your time citing each one of the problems,
but rather finding solutions to them.
There is no a) without a b), if you write sub-clauses you must write them in pairs since it requires
great specifics.
Preambulatory Clauses: are historic justifications for action. Use these clauses to quote previous documents
and find the most important issues that you must address in your operatives.
Affirming
Alarmed by
Approving
Bearing in mind
Believing
Confident
Contemplating
Convinced
Declaring
Deeply concerned
Deeply conscious
Deeply convinced
Deeply Disturbed
Deeply Regretting
Desiring
Emphasizing
Expecting
Emphasizing
Expecting
Expressing its
appreciation
Fulfilling
Fully aware
Emphasizing
Expecting
Expressing its
appreciation
Fulfilling
Fully aware
Further deploring
Further recalling
Guided by
Having adopted
Having considered
Having examined
Having received
Keeping in min
Noting with deep concern
Nothing with satisfaction
Noting further
Observing
Reaffirming
Realizing
Recalling
Recognizing
Referring
Seeking
Taking into consideration
Taking note
Viewing with
appreciation
Welcoming

Operative Clauses: are policies that a resolution is designed to create use them to explain what the committee
will do to address the issue.

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Accepts
Affirms
Approves
Authorizes
Calls
Calls upon
Condemns
Confirms
Congratulates
Considers
Declares accordingly
Deplores
Designates
Draws the attention
Emphasizes
Encourages
Endorses
Expresses its appreciation
Expresses its hope
Further invites
Deplores
Designates
Draws the attention
Emphasizes
Encourages
Endorses
Expresses its appreciation
Expresses its hope
Further invites
Further proclaims
Further reminds
Further recommends
Further requests
Further resolves
Has resolved
Notes
Proclaims
Reaffirms
Recommends
Regrets
Reminds
Requests
Solemnly affirms
Strongly condemns
Supports
Takes note of
Transmits

Sample Resolution | Resolution Format
CIAMUN 2014
Security Council
Signatories: Saudi Arabia, United States, Yemen, China, Russia, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, United
Kingdom.
Topic: The Situation In Yemen
The Security Council,
Guided By the resolution 2083 (2012) and the resolutions referred to in the document,
Alarmed By the attempts of al-Qaeda to occupy Yemens borders and frontiers,
Deeply Regrets the loss of 56 people, killed in attacks caused by terrorist forces,
Recognizing the lack of consideration of terrorism as a crime punishable by the International Criminal Court,
Emphasizing on the lack of proper refugee camps for the Internally Displaced Yemeni,
1. Designs Any act attempting against the security of others, causing distressful, harm, deaths, and
terror upon a person/population. As the definition of Terrorism, for the use in the ICC;

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2. Encourages the ICC to commence a prosecution and sentence, for every an all terrorist captured;
3. Condemns the actions taken by al-Qaeda and other terrorist groups, devising them as:
a. Illicit by the laws of Yemen;
b. Of a threat to the international community;
4. Recommends the use of funds and collaborative projects in order to support Yemeni refugee camps:
a. Considers granting temporary asylum to some refugees, that fit in the standards of each
state in this assembly;
b. Encourages donations from the IMF and World Bank, to the United Nations High
Commission for Refugees, in order to but not limited to:
i. Provide a better care of the refugees;
ii. Improve the living conditions;
iii. Ensure the security both physical and mental, of the internally displaced:
5. Endorses the use of military forces to intervene and prevent every and all violent outbreaks, in order
to but not limited to:
a. Continue to support the Yemeni government in its attempts to remove al-Qaeda of its
territory;
b. Provide further security and protection to the citizens of Yemen;
Words
Transitional Words And Phrases
When writing and saying a speech it is important to take into account the words you must use to signal
something. Wording is key to an effective speech and later on a successful MUN experience.
Addition
Furthermore
Moreover
Too
Also
In the second place
Again
In addition
Even more
Next
Further
Last, lastly
Finally
Besides
And, or, nor
First
Second, secondly, etc.
Time
While
Immediately
Never
After
Later, earlier
Always

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When
Soon
Whenever
Meanwhile
Sometimes
In the meantime
During
Afterwards
Now, until now
Next
Following
Once
Then
At length
Simultaneously
So far
This time
Subsequently
Place
Here
There
Nearby
Beyond
Wherever
Opposite to
Adjacent to
Neighboring on
Above, below
Exemplification or
Illustration
To illustrate
To demonstrate
Specifically
For instance
As an illustration
e.g., (for example)
For example
Comparison
In the same way
By the same token
Similarly
In like manner
Likewise
In similar fashion

Clarification
That is to say
In other words
To explain
i.e., (that is)
To clarify
To rephrase it
To put it another way
Contrast
Yet
And yet
Nevertheless
Nonetheless
After all
But
However
Though
Otherwise
On the contrary
In contrast
Notwithstanding
On the other hand
At the same time
Cause
Because
Since
On account of
For that reason
Due to the fact

Effect
Therefore
Consequently
Accordingly
Thus
Hence
As a result
Purpose
In order that
So that
To that end, to this end
For this purpose
Qualification
Almost
Nearly
Probably
Never
Always
Frequently
Perhaps
Maybe
Although
Intensification
Indeed
To repeat
By all means
Of course
Doubtedly
Certainly

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Without doubt
Yes, no
Undoubtedly
In fact
Surely
In fact
Concession
To be sure
Granted
Of course, it is true



Summary
To summarize
In sum
In brief
In summary
In short
Conclusion
In conclusion
To conclude
Finally


Bibliography

http://www.unausa.org/
http://www.nmun.org/ny_committee_guides.html
http://www.carthage.edu/model-united-nations/public-speaking-tips/