INTRODUCTION

What is MGNREGA
Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provides the leal frame!or" for the flaship
proramme of the Government that directly touches lives of the poor and promotes
inclusive ro!th# $he Act aims at enhancin livelihood security of households in rural
areas of the country by providin at least one hundred days of uaranteed !ae
employment in a financial year to every household !hose adult members volunteer to do
uns"illed manual !or"# $he %ommunication &tratey 'ne of the important steps to ma"e
MGNREGA a success is the creation of a!areness amon rural people and other sta"e
holders# &pecial emphasis needs to be placed on raisin a!areness amon the
MGNREGA !or"ers also# $he IE% plan, !hich is a subset of the %ommunication
stratey aim at facilitatin dissemination of riht based provisions of the act to ensure that
the !or"ers "no! their riht to demand !ae employment and e(ercise their riht by
applyin for such employment as per their need# )eyond raisin a!areness, interventions
at interpersonal level need to be e(tended to ensure that individuals are convertin their
a!areness into action# *or this, )ehavior %hane %ommunication activities need to be
rolled out, at the rass root level, in the ne(t *+#
Communication Strategy for MGNREGA: ,hy and -o! recently conducted
assessments point to the e(istence of a ap of information about MGNREGA, amon
rural population in eneral, and MGNREGA laborers in particular# $his information.ap
can only be addressed !ith the help of a structured communication stratey# &uch a
/
communication stratey for MGNREGA enumerates the approaches on ho! the More,
the &tates the districts, the intermediate panchayats, ram panchayats and the rass root
level functionaries should implement the IE% activities and )%% activities in their
specific eoraphical areas# $he stratey !ould facilitate in manain communication
activities, maintainin uniformity in messaes, producin hih 0uality, cost effective,
taret specific IE%1)%% products based on the "ey messaes and thereby ensurin better
upta"e of the provisions offered by the Act# $he lo! deree of a!areness amonst the
beneficiaries !ould diminish their ability to fully e(ercise their rihts# %ommunication
ap %ommunication need may differ from &tate to &tate# )ut enerally the basic
communication needs are common# Main ob2ective of IE% stratey of MGNREGA is to
ensure that the !or"ers "no! their riht to demand !ae employment and e(ercise their
riht by applyin for 2obs as per their need# )ut demand for employment under
MGNREGA is affecte !y many "aria!#es #i$e
%i& 3ac" of "no!lede on ho! to e(ercise their rihts by applyin for the 2ob
%ii& 3ac" of "no!lede about the number of days of employment to !hich they
are entitled#
%iii& 3ac" of a!areness about the time period !ithin !hich !aes !ere to be
received#
%i"& 3ac" of a!areness about the prescribed 0uantum of !or" !hich entitled full
!ae payment
%"& 3ac" of "no!lede about the manner of !ae calculations#
%"i& 3ac" of comprehensive "no!lede about the &cheme
%"ii& ,ae differentials
%"iii& 3ac" of infrastructure and capacity at G41)loc"1District level
5
%i'& Delayed !ae payments to the laborers
%'& Delayed fund release to the G4 etc
%'i& Availability of alternate employment opportunities in primary, secondary and
tertiary sectors
%'ii& 4ro(imity to urban areas
%'iii& 6isibility of the proramme
%'i"& 3ac" of "no!lede about the nature of !or"s that can be ta"en up under
MGNREGA#
$he Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) !ill be developin creative messaes and
desinin products for national level campains and activities, !hich !ill be available for
adaptation into local lanuaes# $he )%% roll out plan !ith products and converence
!ith other Govt departments !ill be initiated by the Ministry# $he national level IE%
plan for MGNREGA is desined by understandin the e(istence of these variables# $he
Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) !ill be developin creative messaes and
desinin products for national level campains and activities durin the *+ /7./8#
9nderstandin the e(istence of any or combination of these variables, the &tates can ta"e
up the prioriti:ation of "ey messaes in their area, and develop creative messaes
accordinly# $aret audience of MGNREGA $aret audience is a specific roup of
people to !hom a messae is tareted# In the case of MGNREGA, taret roup differs
based on the type of messae disseminated#
The target grou(s !roa#y ientifie for MGNREGA are;
MGNREGA labors 1 <ob %ard holders
General public
7
'pinion leaders
&tate level authorities
District authorities
)loc"1$alu"1G4 authorities (includin 4's and A4's)
G4 authorities
4ost office staff
)an"ers
&-G unit members
Adolescent school drop outs
)eneficiary roups of various development pro2ects implemented in G4s
Anan!adis
)ey messages of MGNREGA
$he "ey messaes of MGNREGA are;
MGNREGA uarantees hundred days of !ae employment in a financial year, to
a rural household !hose members volunteer to do uns"illed manual !or"#
-ouseholds belonin to the &cheduled %astes and &cheduled $ribes, small or
marinali:ed farmers or to land of beneficiaries of land reforms or that of the
beneficiaries under the Indira A!aas +o2ana of the Government of India have the
provision of irriation facility to land o!ned by them#
,ithin /= days of submittin the application or from the day !or" is demanded,
employment !ill be provided to the applicant#
8
Riht to et unemployment allo!ance in case employment is not provided !ithin
fifteen days of submittin the application or from the date !hen !or" is souht#
Receipt of !aes !ithin fifteen days of !or" done
6ariety of permissible !or"s !hich can be ta"en up by the Gram 4anchayaths
MGNREGA focuses on the economic and social empo!erment of !omen
Economic emancipation of !omen and enhancin their social esteem throuh
involvement in MGNREGA
MGNREGA provides >Green? and >Decent? !or"#
&ocial Audit is mandatory, !hich ives more faith, accountability and
transparency //) $he assets created under MGNREGA are valuable and there is a
need to sustain these /5) MGNREGA !or"s address the vulnerability and protect
the environment from the issues related to climate chane# Encourae such !or"s
of MGNREGA#
$he Gram &abha is the principal forum for !ae see"ers to raise their voices and
ma"e demands# It is the Gram &abha and the Gram 4anchayat !hich approves the
!or"s under MGNREGA#
=
O!*ecti"es of the stuy
$he follo!in are the ob2ectives of the report
$o "no! !hat is manrea#
$o study about the plans and stratey of manrea#
$o identify "ey schemes of manrea#
$o study the influence of manrea in development of economy#
$o study the ob2ective of manrea#
@
Im(ortance of the stuy
$he importance of a pro2ect report is follo!in#
$he study !ill help to "no! that !hat additional features A !hat facilities should
be increase#
people is satisfied !ith the schemes and plans provided by overnment or he is
dissatisfied#
It helps in identify reason behind dissatisfactions#
$he importance of study is that it is helpful to ma"e future policy of the
overnment#
Gives full drtail information about manrea#
$o "no! the factor behind manrea plans#
$o "no! the recent schemes and plans rate of manrea in India#
B
Sco(e of the stuy
$he scope of this pro2ect is the study the imapact of manrea in the development of
Indian economy# It covers a !ide rane analysis of the manrea that !hat "ind of
sachems, 0uality services has been provided by the overnment, !hat are the 0ualities of
plans and schemes, !hat are the satisfaction level of the people by the of the manrea,
!or"in and promotional process of the manrea, -o! the overnment satisfy the people
by its plans and schemes#
$he response of the centre to!ards the people also covered in this study# After analysis
the researcher comes to "no! that the people response centre ives ood response to each
and every complaint and do its best of satisfy the people by its plans and schemes
provided by the overnment in India# After analysis the researcher comes to "no! that the
recent plans and schemes overnment in India#
C
Research Methoo#ogy
Research in a common lanuae refers to a search of "no!lede# Research is scientific A
systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic, infect research is an art of
scientific investiation# Research Methodoloy is a scientific !ay to solve research
problem# It may be understood as a science of studyin ho! research is donDt
scientifically# In it !e study various steps that are enerally adopted by researchers in
studyin their research problem# It is necessary for researchers to "no! not only research
method techni0ues but also technoloy# $he scope of Research Methodoloy is !ider
than that of research methods#
$he research problem consists of series of closely related activities# At times, the first step
determines the native of the last step to be underta"en# ,hy a research has been defined,
!hat data has been collected and !hat a particular methods have been adopted and a host
of similar other 0uestions are usually ans!ered !hen !e tal" of research methodoloy
concernin a research problem or study# $he pro2ect is a study !here focus is on the
follo!in points;
E
Research Design:+
A research desin is defined, as the specification of methods and procedures for ac0uirin
the Information needed# It is a plant or orani:in frame!or" for doin the study and
collectin the data# Desinin a research plan re0uires decisions all the data sources,
research approaches, Research instruments, samplin plan and contact methods# The
stuy ,as escri(ti"e $in of research-
Research desin is mainly of follo!in types;
.+E(ploratory research#/+Descriptive studies#0+%ausal studies1E(perimental studies
.- E'(#oratory research:+
$he ma2or purposes of e(ploratory studies are the identification of problems, the more
precise *ormulation of problems and the formulations of ne! alternative courses of
action# $he desin of e(ploratory studies is characteri:ed by a reat amount of fle(ibility
and ad.hoc veracity
#/- Descri(ti"e research:+
Descriptive research in contrast to e(ploratory research is mar"ed by the prior
formulation of specific research Fuestions# $he investiator already "no!s a substantial
amount about the research problem# 4erhaps as a Result of an e(ploratory study, before
the pro2ect is initiated# Descriptive research is also characteri:ed by a 4replanned and
structured desin#
0- Causa# stuies1E'(erimenta# stuies
/G
A casual desin investiates the cause and effect relationships bet!een t!o or more
variables# $he hypothesis is tested and the e(periment is done# $here are follo!in types
of casual desins
a# After only !ith control desin
b# )efore after !ith control desin
c# )efore after !ithout control desin
d# %onsumer panel desin
e# E(.post facto desin
Research Desin has been classified into four subsections they are;
.-&ample selection and si:e/#&amplin procedureH0#Data collectionH and Analytical tools
Sam(#ing 2roceure
$here are basically t!o methods of samplin;.
2ro!a!i#ity sam(#ing
It is also "no!n as random samplin# 9nder this samplin desin every item of the
universe has an e0ual chance of inclusion in the sample# It is, so to say, a lottery method
in !hich individual units are pic"ed from the !hole roup not deliberately but by some
mechanical process# -ere it blind chance alone that determines !hether one item or the
other is selected# $he results obtained from probability samplin can be assured in terms
of probability#
//
Non 2ro!a!i#ity sam(#ing
Non 4robability samplin is that samplin procedure !hich does not afford any basis for
estimatin the probability that each item in the population has been included in the
sample# In this type of samplin, items for the sample selected deliberately by the
researcherH his choice concernin the items remains supreme#
3or the stuy the consumers are se#ecte !y the con"enience sam(#ing
metho- $he selection of units from the population based on their easy availability and
accessibility to the researcher is "no!n as convenience samplin
Data Co##ection metho
Data Co##ection Metho
2rimary Seconary
Direct personal Intervie!
Indirect personal Intervie! Govt# publication
Information from correspondents Report %ommittees
Mailed 0uestionnaire A %ommissions 4rivate 4ublication
Fuestion filled by enumerators Research Institute
/5
4ublished &ources 9npublished &ources
$he tas" data collection beins after research problem has been defined# $here are t!o
methods for data collection#
2rimary ata
4rimary data may be described as those data that have been observed and recorded by the
researcher for the first time to their "no!lede#
Seconary ata
&econdary data are those data !hich have been already collected and analy:ed by some
earlier aency for its o!n useH and later the same data are used by a different aency#
*or the present study, the survey method !as used for collectin primary data# A
structured 0uestionnaire !as used for the purpose# $he 0uestionnaire included multiple
choice 0uestions#
Ana#ytica# Data
$he data thus collected, !as tabulated, interpreted and analy:ed !ith a vie! to ma"e the
study meaninful# In the present study, hypothesis testin, percentae, fre0uency and
cross tabulation methods have been used for analysis#
/7
4imitations of the Research
/# $his report covers !hole India ro!th of economy in India, !hich is very difficult
to et#
5# In a rapidly chanin, analysis on one day or in one sement can chane very
0uic"ly# $he environmental chanes are vital to be considered in order to
assimilate the findins#
7# &ometime the ap of communication !as come in bet!een the interaction#
8# $he time available to conduct the study is littleH it bein a !ide topic has a limited
time#
=# 3imited resources are available to collect the information about the manrea in
India
/8
@# manrea in India is so much volatile and it is difficult to forecast anythin about
it#
B# &ome of the aspects may not be covered in my study, its ives "no!lede about
tradin of manrea in India in small prospects and its challenes#
C# Reforms allo!ed increased interation bet!een domestic and international
mar"ets, and created a need to manae ris"#
/=