THE OPTIONS TO DEVELOP

MICRO HYDRO POWER PROJECTS

Rural Electrification in Nias Island and Aceh
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 SUMMARY 5
2 NIAS ISLAND 8
2.1 General 8
2.2 Site Visited 15
2.2.1 Site 1: Gomo, Hili anaa 15
2.2.2 Site 2: Alasa, Fulolo 20
2.2.3 Site 3: Lawu-lawu, Hilisondrekha 25
2.2.4 Site 4: Bawomoawo, Onowaembo 28
3 ACEH UTARA 30
3.1 General 30
3.2 Site Visited 32
3.2.1 Site 5: Alue Salak, Gampong Riseh Tunong 32
Figures
Figure 1: Administrative Map of Nias
Figure 2: Main Rivers in Nias Island
Figure 3: Potential Sites in Nias Island
Figure 4: Distribution Lines of PLN in Nias
Figure 5: Rain Fall Data 2000-2005
9
10
11
Island 12
13
Figure 6: Estimated Flow Duration Curve Derived from Rainfall Data 14
Figure 7: Basic Setup of MHP Gomo, Hili anaa 16
Figure 8: Catchment Area of Gomo River 17
Figure 9: Basic Setup of MHP Alasa (Uluwi River), Fulolo 21
Figure 10: Basic Setup of MHP Alasa (Alasa River), Fulolo 23
Figure 11: Catchment Area of Uluwi and Alasa River 24
Figure 12: Basic Setup of MHP Lawa-Lawu, Hilisondrekha 26
Figure 13: Basic Setup of MHP Bawomoawo, Onowaembo 29
Figure 14: Rain Fall Data 1991-2000 30
Figure 15: Basic Setup of MHP Alue Salak, Gampong Riseh Tunong 34
Tables
Table 1: Potential Sites in Nias and Aceh (status Oct. 2005) 5
3
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation English Indonesian
BRR Rehabilitation and
Reconstruction Agency
Badan Rehabilitasi dan
Rekonstruksi
BMG Meteorology and
Geophysics Bureau
Badan Meteorologi dan
Geofisika
ILO International Labour
Organization
Organisasi Buruh
Internasional
Kab. District Kabupaten
Kec. Sub-District Kecamatan
KDP / PPK Kecamatan Development
Programme
Program Pengembangan
Kecamatan
MHP Micro Hydro Power Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga
Air skala kecil
NAD Nanggaroe Aceh
Darussalam
Nanggaroe Aceh
Darussalam
OCHA UN Office for Coordination
Humanitarian Affairs
Badan Koordinasi Bantuan
untuk Kemanusiaan.
PEMKAB District Government Pemerintah Kabupaten
PLN State Electricity Company Perusahaan Listrik Negara
PU Public Work Pekerjaan Umum
PMU Project Management Unit Unit Manajemen Proyek
PLTA Hydro Power Plant Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga
Air
WB World Bank Bank Dunia
4
1 SUMMARY
The objective of fact finding mission in the provinces of Nias and Aceh was to assess the
micro hydro power potential as an option for energy generation in the two regions as
a means of supporting the long term economic development of these Tsunami and
earthquake affected areas.
The main focus of the mission was in Nias where a total of 4 sites were assessed. In
Aceh 1 potential site was assessed.
In total 12 locations were identified proposed as potential MHP sites. Three of these
were proposed by BRR Nias and eight were proposed by other institutions.
The sites proposed were as follows:
Table 1: Potential Sites in Nias and Aceh (status Oct. 2005)
No Site Recommended
by
Status
1 Gomo River- Kec. Gomo,
Kab. Nias Selatan
BRR 55-60kW village supply or
300kW grid connected MHP
possible (best potential)
2 Alasa River, Kec. Alasa,
Kab. Nias
BRR 30kW village supply or 150kW
grid connected MHP possible.
Other options at Alasa river to
be checked
3 Lawu-Lawu River, Kec.
Teluk dalam, Kab. Nias
Selatan
BRR only small potential 1.5-2kW
site battery charging possible
4 Bawomoawo River, Kec. Guide book 80-150kW grid connected site
5
Gunung Sitoli, Kab. Nias possible (further evaluation
recommended)
5 Oyo River, Kec.
Amandraya Kab. Nias
Selatan
Directorate
Irrigation and
Water
Resource
- pending site visit
6 Muzoi River, Kec. Afulu,
Kab. Nias
Directorate
Irrigation and
Water
Resource
- pending site visit
7 Gidozebua River, Kec.
Gido, Kab. Nias
Directorate
Irrigation and
Water
Resource
- pending site visit
8 Mola River, Kec.
Bawolato, Kab. Nias
Directorate
Irrigation and
Water
Resource
- pending site visit
9 Eho River, Kec.
Amandraya, Kab. Nias
Selatan
Pemkab Nias
Selatan and
WB
- pending site visit
10 Susua River, Kec. Gomo,
Kab. Nias Selatan
Pemkab Nias
Selatan and
WB
- pending site visit
11 Masio River, Kec. Lahusa,
Kab. Nias Selatan
Pemkab Nias
Selatan and
WB
- pending site visit
12 Alue Salak River, Kec
Sawang, Kab. Aceh Utara
UNIDO Site potential 25-50kW for
village supply + 1.5km away
100-200kW (possibly several
MW if grid connected)
The mission took place during rainy season therefore accurate measurement of the
stream flow and the subsequent preparation of accurate flow duration curves (FDC)
was not possible. Nevertheless rough estimates of stream flows was still possible
based on rainfall data acquired and was sufficient for the purposes of the mission.
Stream flow data from relevant authorities was not available, however rainfall data from
the last 5 years was available. This indicates a relatively favourable rainfall conditions
ie. relatively high rainfall for most of the year.
Of the 5 locations visited, the sites Gomo and Alasa in Nias were assessed up to pre-
feasibility level.
1. GOMO: This site fully fulfils the technical criteria required for further
development. The high stream flow of the water source ensures that for the
required design discharge of a MHP to supply the village, there is no risk of
over dimensioning. The stream flow exceeds comfortably the required design
flow for the size of scheme required to supply the village. The most critical issue
6
to be considered at this site is the risk of flood flow which demands that the civil
structures will need to be designed accordingly ie. large and sturdy structures.
2. ALASA: The Alasa river has so far not been harnessed for power production.
The waterfall area has been developed for eco tourism and is a place of natural
beauty. Local tourists visit the site particularly at weekends and on public
holidays. There is also a hotel and jungle trekking tracks close by. The
discharge is relatively low and most likely insufficient to support the
development of a MHP. It is proposed that alternatives should be explored.
Preliminary Recommendations:
The Provinces of both Nias and Aceh possess many hilly and mountainous regions.
With high rainfall characteristics the MHP potential in both provinces is very good.
Currently energy production relies very much on diesel which results in very high
energy production costs. This limits the extent to which PLN is able to expand grid
networks and is a major burden to the development expansion of rural electrification in
the 2 provinces. Obviously the recent natural disasters has further exacerbated this
situation.
For a long term sustainable exploitation of the MHP potential in these 2 regions, a more
detailed and systematic evaluation of the potential areas during dry season is highly
recommended. Based on the findings of this mission it can be assumed that are
numerous sites suitable for both grid connected and stand alone schemes. Ideally flow
data should be collected during the next dry season (January-April) as a basis for the
selection of suitable sites to be further developed.
7
2 NIAS ISLAND
2.1 General
The island of Nias is divided into two administrative areas namely Kabupaten Nias and
Kabupaten Nias Selatan. Figure 2 shows the main rivers of Nias (Source: Directorate
Irrigation and Water Resource). Currently there are no flow measuring stations installed
on these rivers. It appears any existing data was lost during the earthquake and
Tsunami. The only relevant meteorological data was obtained from BMG Binaka
Gunung Sitoli (see figures 5a & 5b). The geographical conditions if Nias wherby they
have rain throughout most of the year (no real dry season) combined with the dense
vegetation and mountainous terrain represent the ideal natural conditions for small
scale hydro power development. Using the Turc methodology which uses rainfall data
and catchment area size to estimate stream flow, a preliminary flow duration curves
has been made for selected sites ( see figure 6). Although this may be sufficient for the
small schemes where stream flow obviously exceeds design flow throughout the year
(ie. large river), for a more conclusive assessment of the available stream flow, on site
measurements must be carried out during the driest periods of the year (dry season).
Nias possess a large hydraulic potential suitable for energy generation in the remote
rural areas. Additionally the opportunity for grid connection substituting the many diesel
gensets operated by PLN is also very high. The PSK Tersebar legislation introduced by
the Indonesian Government in 2002 which allows small scale private power producers
(<1 MW) utilizing renewable energy sources to generate and sell power to the PLN
means that this potential could be exploited on a fully commercial basis through the
sale of power to the PLN grid.
8
Figure 1: Administrative Map of Nias
1)
1)
Source: BRR office
9
Figure 2: Main Rivers in Nias Island
2)
2)
Source: BRR office
10
Figure 3: Potential Sites in Nias Island
3)
3)
Source: Nias Directorate Irrigation and Water Resource, Arnold Lopulalan (World Bank-KDP) and Hans
Martin (Pemkab Nias Selatan)
11
Figure 4: Distribution Lines of PLN in Nias Island
4)
4)
Source: PT. PLN Wilayah Sumut Cabang Sibolga
12
Figure 5: Rain Fall Data 2000-2005
5)
(a)
(b)
5)
Source: Summary of annex 3
13
Figure 6: Estimated Flow Duration Curve Derived from Rainfall Data
6)
6)
Turc analysed 254 drainage basins mainly in Malaysia and PNG to provide a generalised calculation
method. He investigated the pragmatic use of rainfall and temperature to determine the annual
evapotranspiration and provided factors to determine an annual FDC.
14
2.2 Site Visited
2.2.1 Site 1: Gomo, Hili anaa
Location: Hili Anaa Site
code:
SUM050
Basic Data: Village / Kecamatan /
/Kabupaten /Province
Hili anaa / Gomo / Nias Selatan / Sumatra Utara
Owner of Project: Project
Contact person: Mr. Tolonasokhi Telaumbanua
Initiating Agency: UNIDO
River: Gomo
Intake Coordinates: N= 0 51.866 E= 97 46.264
Year of erection: Study 2005
Contractor nn
Gross Head: 25 m
Net Head: 20 m (due to flood situation)
Measured Flow: 2665l/s (before rain- after rain estimated to 100.000l/s)
Min. Flow: >600l/s
Design Flow: 450l/s Turbine (stand alone)
Catchments area: > 8.00 km
2
Power design: 60 kW stand alone (300-500kW grid connected)
Power firm: 60 kW
Consumers: 530 households in two settlements (100W/House m=53kW
demand)
Supply situation: 5 km to PLN Grid
Productive Use: Water supply pump, lights, chicken farming mills etc
Distribution 2 Villages and some scattered Houses: Estimated 3
Transformers /4km Line
Estimated Cost USD252000 = USD4200 / kW including distribution without
diesel backup (without tax and other government charges)
Survey team Gerhard Fischer, Bolly Iskandar Z, Hari Wibowo, Aa Saefudin
15
Hili ( i / id) is l l
i l l/ i i ial
suppl i l id ( i i ) i
icini
l i assi in ious
i ises i
i iviti i i l i i
i i ivities i l i l
i i i i i l
i i i itional
head ( i l ion) i l i ial coul l
l i lyi id ( i i i id
l ial
a l i l ld
i l i l l l lp in
i i i ion
i
i l l i l i l i
l iti i in (fl l i i isi
fl i
3
/ l i l i i i ifi
civil l iti is i i
possibl i l i l i l i ifi i
Fi i i
anaa 3h car dr ve from Gunung Sitoli 5km to PLN gr ocated c ose to a
waterfall of 27m he ght and a measured f ow of 2600 s. Th s s te has potent to
y v a a stand a one village gr 50-60kW nstalled capac ty two villages n the
nearby v ty.
The two villages are current y be ng sted by the Red Cross var post
earthquake recovery efforts. Ass stance compr the rebuild ng of houses and
commun ty support act es a med at st mu at ng economc recovery of the villages.
Integrat ng a MHP nto these act s wou d prov de a very worthwhile and re evant
contr but on to these on-go ng program and s therefore h gh y recommended.
Further downstream from the waterfall, there s the poss bility to acqu re add
drop n e evat of approx mate y 30 meters. Th s potent d be deve oped
for a arger s ze scheme supp ng the PLN gr gr d connect on). The s te for a gr
connected scheme wou d have an overall potent of between 300-500kW.
As` ong term commun ty based MHP, the deve opment of such a scheme wou
contr bute great y to the economc deve opment of the area. It wou d a so he
creat ng awareness and understand ng of the mportance of catchment area protect
and preservat on.
The r ver has a collects f ow from a arge catchment area. Th s resu ts n extreme y h gh
stream f ow cond ons dur ng heavy ra ood f ow). At the t me of the s te v t, the
ow was est mated at >100m s f ow. Th s wou d requ re the construct on of s gn cant
structures capab e of handling these arduous cond ons. Whilst th s techn cally
e, t wou d result n a re at ve y h gh spec c costs for the s te.
gure 7: Basc Setup of MHP Gomo, Hli anaa
16
Figure 8: Catchment Area of Gomo River
Intake: Must be integrated upstream from the waterfall. During flood conditions the water level is
rising by 2 - 3m. Under these conditions an extremely high amount of silt, debris and large
boulders are swept down the river.
Picture 1 : Proposed Intake area
(upstream view). Headrace route
will be on the left side of the
picture.
Forebay&Headrace: Approximately 130m long positioned on the very steep slope. The
construction will require proper erosion protection and support.
17
Picture 2 : White arrow indicates
where the proposed Forebay
tank would be positioned
Penstock: 130m long.
Picture 3 : Red dotted line
indicates the proposed Penstock
route.
Transmission: Approximately 5km of transmission line is required. Two step-up / step-down
transformers are required to ensure transmission losses are kept at acceptable levels.
Power House: Must be built 3 - 4m above the normal water level to be safe from flooding. A
bridge to the power house and for transport during construction is required
Picture 4 : White arrow indicates
the proposed Power House
location.
Village: The total number of households in the 2 villages is 530. In addition there are some
small clusters of houses scattered in the surrounding area. It would be necessary to extend the
distribution lines if these houses are to be connected.
18
Picture 5 : Typical houses in Hili
anaa village.
Bridge: A bridge will
is approx. 55m
need to be built to provide access to the Power House location. Length of the bridge
Picture 6 : Red dotted line
indicates the proposed bridge
location.
19
2.2.2 Site 2: Alasa, Fulolo
Location: Fulolo Site
code:
SUM051
Basic Data: Village / Kecamatan/
/Kabupaten /Province
Fulolo / Alasa / Nias / Sumatra Utara
Owner of Project: Project
Contact person: Mr. Suardin Hulu
Initiating Agency: UNIDO
River: Uluwi - side river of Alasa river
Intake Coordinates: N= 01 13.107 E= 97 24.946
Year of erection: Study 2005
Contractor Nn
Gross Head: 25.5 m (water fall)
Net Head: 22 m (to power house)
Measured Flow: 380 l/s (Uluwi river estimated >1000l/s)
Min. Flow: >200l/s (estimated- to be confirmed in dry season)
Design Flow: 200l/s Turbine
Catchments area: 2.69 km
2
(see Figure 8)
Power design: 30 kW
Power firm: 30 kW (grid connected 50-70kW possible)
Consumers: 264 households without grid connection (100W/House m=28kW
demand)
Supply situation: About 1km to PLN grid. PLN is not covering the remote parts of
the village.
Productive Use: lights, mills etc
Distribution Houses are scattered: Estimated 2 Transformers /5km Line
Estimated Cost USD185300 = USD6200 / kW including distribution without
diesel backup (without tax and other government charges)
Survey team Gerhard Fischer, Bolly Iskandar Z, Hari Wibowo, Aa Saefudin
20
lolo i i id i i
i i j i l i
i i l i l i l/
possibl l ion i l i l i i
pl l i i l ibl
i l l i
isl i i
i l i i l i l i
i il i l i i l
i ly i i i ial.
Fi i l l i Ri lolo
Fu s a 3 hour car dr ve from Gunung Sitoli. The PLN gr s 1 km from the s te.
An mpress ve waterfall, Air Ter un LUAHA NDROI ex sts on the Uuwi r ver
wh ch feeds nto the arger Alasa r ver. The f ow was est mated at 360 s and the
e head was 22m. The ocat s a popu ar tour st ocat on and s deemed a
ace of natura beauty. The s te s a so deemed somewhat suscept e to future
earthquake tremors. Dur ng the recent earthquake arge bou ders of 3m d ameter
were d odged and have fallen nto the r ver.
Close by s the arger Alasa r ver wh ch has a stream f ow approx mate y 2 t mes
that of the Uluw. A deta ed assessment of opt ons a ong th s r ver stil needs to be
carr ed out to accurate dent fy ts potent
gure 9: Basc Setup of MHP Aasa (Uuw ver), Fu
21
Intake: A dam structure and sedimentation must be integrated into the upstream river.
Then the penstock must cross a vertical rock wall.
Picture 7 : Proposed Intake
area (upstream view).
Headrace route will be on the
right side of the picture.
Forebay & Headrace chanel: About 150m Headrace channel in partially steep area is
required to build forebay and power house at a save location.
Picture 8 : Red dotted line
indicates the proposed
Headrace route.
Penstock: Approximately 40m from the forebay to Power House.
Picture 9 : Red dotted line
indicates the proposed
Penstock route.
Transmission: All together estimated with 4.8km. Three transformers are required.
Power House: Must be built 3-4m above the water level to be save from flooding.
Village: There are 264 houses in one village which would be supplied.
22
el icit i
i ibl lopi i i i
i i l l
i i l i
i i i i l
( i )
ical i
: mi
l :
l :
Fi : i l l i lolo
Picture 10 : There is no
ectr y anymore n this area.
Although the s te appears feas e for deve ng cons der ng the mportance of
the waterfall as a tour st attract on and the fact that the Alasa ocated c ose by has
a greater d scharge due to ts arger catchment area. Based on a prelimnary desk
study carr ed out on the Alasa r ver, the catchment area s approx mate y 5.90km
2.
see F gure 10 & 11
Other techn data der ved from the desk study are as follows:
Head gross n. 20m
Headrace ength max. 600m
Penstock ength max. 100m
gure 10 Basc Setup of MHP Aasa (Aasa Rver), Fu
23
Figure 11: Catchment Area of Uluwi and Alasa River
24
2.2.3 Site 3: Lawu-lawu, Hilisondrekha
Location: Hilisondrekha Site
code:
SUM052
Basic Data: Village/Kecamatan/
Kabupaten / Province
Hilisondrekha / Teluk Dalam / Nias Selatan /
Sumatra Utara
Owner of Project: Project
Contact person: Mr. Serius Ziraluo
Initiating Agency: UNIDO
River: Lawu-lawu
Intake Coordinates: N= 0 36.321 E= 97 48.256
Year of erection: Study 2005
Contractor Nn
Gross Head: 56 m
Net Head: 54 m
Measured Flow: Approx. 5l/s
Min. Flow: >4 l/s (seems to be a source)
Design Flow: 3.5 l/s Turbine
Catchments area: 0.13 km
2
Power design: 1.1 kW
Power firm: 1.1 kW (Battery charging unit)
Consumers: 165 households.
Supply situation: Not sufficient power for regular connection. Possible for Battery
charging station. Hybrid system with Diesel.
Productive Use: lights, mills etc
Distribution Can be possible without Transformers /600m Line
Estimated Cost USD4400 = USD4000 / kW including one set of batteries- without
diesel backup (without tax and other government charges)
Survey team Hari Wibowo, Aa Saefudin
25
l i is l i li ( i
i / id)
i i i
l i ive
head i i l l/ iti
i l lyi i i
si l l i i i i i
l le i l lds wi
ies i l lds i i
ion i wi ( id) coul
consi
Fi : i i
The Lawu- awu r ver ocated n the Hi sondrekha village a 4 hour car dr ve from
Gunungs toli 5-10km to PLN gr
The s te was proposed by BRR. It was descr bed as a waterfall of 90m head wth
permanent water f ow. Based on the s te measurements, however, the effect
s 54m wth a very small f ow of approx 5 s. These cond ons do support the
build ng of a stand a one scheme supp ng power v a a gr d network, however, the
te cou d be deve oped as a 1.1kW battery charg ng stat on. Wth th s s ze the
scheme wou d be ab to support approx mate y 50 househo th charged
batter f proper y managed. Although there are 165 househo n the v llage the
opt to comb ne the scheme th other energy sources hybr d be
dered.
gure 12 Basc Setup of MHP Lawa-Lawu, Hil sondrekha
26
Intake: A Tyrolean Weir Intake will be the most suitable solution for this site.
Picture 11 : The proposed
Intake area (downstream view).
The Headrace route will be on
the right side of the pictures.
Headrace: Total length will be approximately 50m.
Penstock: Total length will be approximately 160m.
Transmission: Total length will be approximately 600m.
Power House: Approx. 2m above the water level. There is no flood in this area.
Village: There will be 165 houses in one village.
Picture 12 : The houses are
concentrated in one area.
27
--
2.2.4 Site 4: Bawomoawo, Onowaembo
Location: Bawomoawo Site
code:
SUM053
Basic Data: Village / Kecamatan /
/Kabupaten /Province
Onowaembo / Gunungsitoli / Nias / Sumatra
Utara
Owner of Project: Project
Contact person:
Initiating Agency: UNIDO
River: Bawomoawo River
Intake Coordinates:
Year of erection: Study 2005
Contractor Nn
Gross Head: 68 m (estimated from Guide book- not checked)
Net Head: 65 m
Measured Flow: >300l/s (estimated not measured)
Min. Flow: >150l/s
Design Flow: 400l/s Turbine (Grid connected system)
Catchments area:
Power design: 150 kW (Grid connected system)
Power firm: 55 kW
Consumers: grid connection
Supply situation:
Productive Use: Village income due to power sales to PLN
Estimated Cost USD375000 = USD2500/ kW (without tax and other government
charges)
Distribution 1 Trafo 200m Power lint to PLN Grid
Survey team Gerhard Fischer, Bolly Iskandar Z
28
i i i
i / i
i i i ioned in
i i i l l i i i
based ( i ) l i l i l/
additi l
loi as ri inues i idl l le is
i l i l i i i local i i
i l icini
Fi : i
The Bawomoawo r ver I the village of Onowaembo s 7km or 0.5 hour car dr ve from
Gunungs toli 500m to PLN Gr d.
The 50m h gh Bawomoawo waterfall near the v llage Onowaembo s ment
tour st gu de books. The s te cou d be deve oped as a gr d connect on commun ty
or pr vate power p ant n the future. The f ow was est mated about 300 s. In
on to the 50m head availab e at the waterfall, further downstream head can be
exp ted the ver cont to descend qu te rap y. Tota availab head
approx mate y 65m. The waterfall s a popu ar dest nat on wth tour sts espec ally
on weekends due to ts c ose v ty to Gunungsitoli.
gure 13 Basc Setup of MHP Bawomoawo, Onowaembo
29
3 ACEH UTARA
3.1 General
The Integrated Farm Area Development Program implemented by North Aceh
Government is aimed at to empowering local communities, stimulating the local
economy and developing the regions agricultural potential for agro industries including
eco-tourism.
The program is located in Riseh Tunong, Kecamatan Sawang, Kabupaten Aceh Utara.
66 km from Lhokseumawe and approximately 20km from kecamatan Sawang. The
total area covered by the program is 277.000ha. A 1000 temporary homes will be
constructed to accommodate 800 poor families and 200 families of ex GAM members.
Currently there are 250 families living in an area of 700 ha land. The land was formely
utilized by the forestry industry. The program has established a project management
unit (PMU) responsible for managing and supervising the program. In the future it is
hoped that the residents will be able to produce various kinds of high quality
agricultural produce stimulating the local economy. Additionally it is planned to carry
out various research and development projects related to agricultural technology.
The only meteorological data which could be obtained was from BMG Malikulsaleh
which is located 23km from development area (see figure 14a & 14b).
30
3.2 Site Visited
3.2.1 Site 5: Alue Salak, Gampong Riseh Tunong
Location: Gampong Riseh
Tunong
Site
code:
SUM054
Basic Data: Village / Kecamatan /
Kabupaten / Province
Gampong Riseh Tunong / Sawang / Aceh
Utara / NAD
Owner of Project: Project
Contact person: Mr. Nurdin
Initiating Agency: UNIDO
River: Alue Salak
Intake Coordinates:
Year of erection: Study
Contractor Nn
Gross Head: Option 1: 37m Option 2: 67 m Option 3: 90m
Net Head: Option 1: 35m Option 2: 65 m Option 3: 88m
Measured Flow: 150l/s first day and 106l/s one day later without rain
Min. Flow: >70l/s (estimated only) (firm 50l/s)
Design Flow: Option 1: 70l/s Option 2: 90 l/s Option 3: 120 l/s
Storage: non 220m
3
540m
3
Storage (3h peak
load):
Option 1: non Option 2: 220m
3
Option 3: 540m
3
:
Catchments area:
Power design: Option 1: 14kW Option 2: 34kW Option 3: 61kW
Power firm: Option 1: 10kW Option 2: 26kW Option 3: 46kW
Consumers: 250 Households long term 1000 Households
Supply situation: (up to 400 House holds each 100W )
Option 1: Backup Diesel Genset
Option 2: Backup Diesel Genset
Option 3: no Backup
Productive Use: Water supply pump (Filter & Desinfection), lights, mills etc
Estimated Cost USD3500 / kW including distribution without diesel backup
Distribution Houses are scattered: Estimated 3 Transformers /6km Line
Survey team Gerhard Fischer, Bolly Iskandar Z.
32
The transmigration area Gampong Riseh Tuong, Sawang, Aceh Utara possess very
good hydraulic potential. In this village, there are two small rivers which can be used to
produce between 30-50 kW of power. The specific size of the plant will depend on the
amount of head ((35-90m) utilized. This will be sufficient to supply the current
population of 250 houses, however, insufficient to supply the intended full population of
1000 households in the future. During dry season and during peak hours, a diesel
backup system will be required.
It is strongly recommended to conduct a detailed hydraulic survey of the rivers during
dry season together with a site survey on all options for energy production in the area.
In addition to providing domestic electricity, a MHP scheme could also integrate a
number of productive end uses such as fish farming. The current water supply system
has been very badly designed and was not operational at the time of the site visit. It
could be considered to combine the building of a MHP plant with the building of a new
water supply system utilizing gravity rather than the current diesel powered system.
Approximately 1.5km from the village, there is a large river (estimated flow 5000l/s) with a potential to
supply energy to the entire settlement in future. This river has the potential for a much larger size power
plant which could be developed for supplying power to the PLN grid, however, a more detailed
assessment of the viability of such a project would need to be carried out.
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Fi : i l l gure 15 Basc Setup of MHP Aue Saak, Gampong Riseh Tunong
Intake: A weir diversion structure must be integrated into the river
Picture 13 : The proposed
Intake area will be located
on the right side of the
river (downstream view).
Forebay & Headrace: It is located approximately 500m from proposed Intake. The length of the
Headrace channel will be 500m.
Picture 14 : The proposed
Forebay area will be close
to the existing storage
tank used for the water
supply.
Penstock: The length of penstock for option 1, option 2 and option 3 will be, respectively:
approx. 300m, 720m and 1200 m.
Picture 15 : Upstream
view. The proposed
Penstock route will be
parallel to the river.
Transmission: Three or four transformers are required.
Power House: There are 3 possible locations for the proposed Power House area; option 1,
option2 and option 3, which are positioned approx. 250m, 600m and 1000m respectively from
the forebay tank.
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Picture 16 : Downstream
view (taken from the
existing storage). The
proposed Power House
will be closed to road &
houses (option 1).
Village: Eventually there will be a 1000 houses which will require electrification. However it is as
a 1
st
phase it is proposed to build a plant with a capacity capable of supplying up to 400 houses.
Picture 17 : The
development area has
many houses which are
dispersed over a wide
area.
4 Preliminary Recommendation
On the basis of the findings of this mission the following is recommended.
1. Of the sites visited the Gomo site is clearly the most attractive option to be
developed. Although accurate stream flow measurements was not possible, it is
clearly apparent that the required design flow does not exceed the minimum
available flow of the river. This site could therefore be developed directly
without the need for further detailed stream flow measurements during the dry
season. Regarding cost, the specific costs are relatively high compared to other
parts of Indonesia due to the nature of the scheme (difficult civil construction)
and relatively high costs of materials in Nias.
2. In general Nias possess a significant untapped MHP potential. Besides for rural
electrification via stand alone village electrification projects of the type proposed
above, this potential can be exploited for grid connected schemes substituting
diesel power plants which currently supply the entire existing power supply of
Nias. Grid connected schemes could be developed on a fully commercial basis
considering the currently very high production costs incurred by PLN (>Rp.
2000 / kWh). Considering this a more detailed assessment of the islands
potential should be carried out during the dry season. This would allow for the
collection of more accurate flow data which is essential for the accurate design
of schemes. Ideally a MHP master plan development would be conducted,
however, obviously this requires a long term commitment and energy
development plan be initiated.
3. In Aceh if there is a genuine interest and financial commitment to support the
Alue Salak, Gampong Riseh Tunong project, a more detailed project
preparation should be carried out similar to that conducted in Goma, Nias.