BIOLOGY B REVIEW FOR TRIMESTER EXAM Name: __________________________

2013 Hour: _____ a!e: _______________

"ELL RE#RO$"TION %MITOSIS & MEIOSIS' ( GENETI" MISTA)ES
1. Briefly describe what happens during each of the following phases of the cell cycle for a normal human body cell: interphase,
mitosis,
cytokinesis. Which phase does the cell spend most of its time in?
2. List the stages of mitosis in order.
. !ow does the di"ision of a plant cell differ from the di"ision of an animal cell? #!int: think about these features centrioles,
clea"age furrow, cell plate$.
%. !ow many chromosomes are found in a normal human body cell #somatic cell$? & human se' cell #gamete$?
(. !ow does a haploid cell differ from a diploid cell?
). *'plain how mitosis differs from meiosis in terms of the following: #+ou can make a chart if that is helpful,$
a$ type of cell formed #body cell or gamete? haploid or diploid?$
b$ number of chromosomes in parent cell "s. number of chromosomes in one of the daughter cells produced #same or
hal"ed?$
c$ number of daughter cells formed when one cell di"ides
d$ genetic material in parent cell "s. genetic material in daughter cell #same or different?$
-. What is a mutation?
.. What is cancer?
/. What is a tumor?
N$"LEI" A"IS AN #ROTEIN SYNTHESIS
1. 0raw a picture that shows the structure of 01&. Label the following: nitrogen base, deo'yribose sugar, phosphate.
2. What is a nucleotide? 0raw a bo' around one complete nucleotide in the diagram that you drew for 21 and label it 3nucleotide4.
. What do we call the double spiral that makes up the shape of 01&?
%. Where is 01& found in eukaryotic cells?
(. What occurs during 01& replication?
). What are the base5pairing rules for 01&? 6f one chain of a 01& molecule is &&778899&7&97, what is the correct order
for
the bases of the second 01& chain?
-. What are the base5pairing rules for :1&?
.. 01& and :1& are both nucleic acids, but their structures are different. *'plain the difference between the sugars, types of
bases,
and number of nucleotide strands in 01& and :1&. +ou can make a chart if that is helpful to you.
/. 1ame the three types of :1&.
1;. <rotein synthesis happens in 2 main stages. 1ame these 2 stages, state where they occur, and e'plain what happens during
each of
them.
11. 6f one chain of a 01& molecule is 78&9&&99778887&, what is the correct order for the bases of the m:1& that would
be
transcribed from this 01& template? #&lso be able to use a m:1& codon chart to figure out the se=uence of amino acids in
the
protein made from this m:1&.$
BIOTE"HNOLOGY
1. What is the process of making changes in the 01& code of a li"ing organism called?
2. What is recombinant 01&?
. What is a transgenic organism?
%. & bacterial cell can be genetically modified so that it contains a human gene. What is it ad"antageous to use transgenic bacteria
to
produce human proteins?
(. What was se=uenced during the !uman 7enome <ro>ect?
GENETI"S
1. *'plain the difference between genotype and phenotype.
2. *'plain the difference between homo?ygous dominant, homo?ygous recessi"e, and hetero?ygous genotypes.
. Where does an organism inherit its genes from?
%. 7regor @endelAs e'periments resulted in laws. Write the name for each law stated below.
a$ & pair of alleles is separated during the formation of gametes.
b$ When a dominant allele is paired with a recessi"e allele, the dominant allele co"ers up the recessi"e allele.
c$ 9he inheritance of one trait has no effect on the inheritance of another.
(. 6dentify the type of inheritance that results in each the of the following:
a$ 8rossing a red5flowered plant with a white5flowered plant results in an offspring with pink flowers
b$ 8rossing a black chicken with a white chicken produces offspring that are speckled with both black and white feathers
c$ 9here are many "ariations in human skin color, eye color, hair color, and height
GENETI"S %"ONTIN$E'
). &re most se'5linked disorders located on the B chromosome or the + chromosome? Which gender is more likely to ha"e a se'5
linked disorder? *'plain why.
-. List the possible genotypes that could result in each of the following blood phenotypes:
a$ 9ype & #hint: 2 possibilities,$ b$ 9ype B #hint: 2 possibilities,$ c$ 9ype &B d$ 9ype C
.. !ow does a normal human karyotype differ from an abnormal human karyotype?
/. What combination of se' chromosomes do females ha"e? @ales?
"LASSIFI"ATION
1. List the - le"els of classification in order from the largest #most organisms$ to the smallest #least organisms$.
2. 0escribe how to correctly write a scientific name using binomial nomenclature.
. 6n a scientific name, which word is the species name? Which word is the genus name?
%. List the ( kingdoms of the (5kingdom classification system. Which kingdom#s$ contain prokaryotes? Which kingdom#s$
contain
eukaryotes?
(. 6n the )5kingdom classification system, which kingdom do 3true bacteria4 belong to? Which kingdom do unicellular organisms
that
li"e in e'treme en"ironments belong to?
). 9he 5domain system recogni?es fundamental differences between the 2 groups of what type of organism?
EVOL$TION
1. What did 0arwin learn from reading the works of !utton and Lyell?
2. What was the name of 0arwinAs famous book?
. *'plain 0arwinAs theory of natural selection #sur"i"al of the fittest$.
%. &nswer the following about the different species of finches that 0arwin obser"ed on the 7alapagos 6slands:
a$ 9he different species of finches had many similar physical characteristics. What does this imply about these birdsA
ancestry?
b$ Beak shape was one of the differences that 0arwin noticed among the finches. What resource is belie"ed to ha"e
caused the
finches to de"elop beaks with different shapes?
c$ 0arwinAs finches are a good e'ample of the process of adapti"e radiation. What happens during adapti"e radiation?
(. What must happen to the gene pools of 2 populations in order for them to form a new species?
). 9he fossil record is one piece of e"idence scientists use to support e"olution. &nswer the following about the fossil record:
a$ What does the fossil record indicate happened to most of the organisms that once li"ed on the *arth?
b$ 6n the *arthAs rocks layers, do the fossils occur randomly or in a particular order?
c$ &ccording to the fossil record, were the original ancestors of modern organisms unicellular or multicellular?
-. What type of modern day organisms were the first organisms on *arth most likely similar to?
.. What is coe"olution? 7i"e an e'ample of 2 organisms that ha"e coe"ol"ed.
/. *'plain how geographic isolation, temporal isolation, and beha"ioral isolation differ,
VIR$SES AN BA"TERIA
1. !ow do bacteria reproduce?
2. What substances are used to treat bacterial diseases?
. 1ot all bacteria are harmful. 0escribe some ways that bacteria can be helpful.
%. 0escribe the basic structure of a "irus.
(. !ow do "iruses reproduce?
). What substances are used to pre"ent "iral diseases?
-. What are antibodies?
9o prepare for the genetics =uestions you should also be able to interpret a pedigree and answer =uestions about
monohybrid and dihybrid crosses in"ol"ing simple dominance by using <unnett s=uares.
.. !ow is !6D spread? Which type of white blood cell does !6D destroy? Why are "accines against !6D difficult to design?
H$MAN BOY SYSTEMS
1. 6dentify the ma>or structures that make up each of the following body systems: 8irculatory, :espiratory, 0igesti"e, 1er"ous,
*'cretory, 6ntegumentary, 6mmune, *ndocrine, :eproducti"e #<ages ./25./ in your book ha"e a summary if you need help,$
2. 6dentify the system being described:
a$ contains white blood cells, which help defend the body against disease #your defense system,$
b$ coordinates response to changes in internal and e'ternal en"ironments
c$ brings materials to such as o'ygen and nutrients to cells, fights infection, and helps regulate body temperature
d$ pro"ides a physical barrier against infection and in>ury
e$ contains glands which control growth, metabolism, and reproduction
f$ pro"ides the o'ygen needed for cellular respiration and remo"es e'cess carbon dio'ide from the body
g$ eliminates wastes from the body in order the maintain homeostasis
h$ con"ersts foods into simpler molecules that can be used by the cells of the body
i$ allows for the production of offspring and includes the testes #males$ and o"aries #females$