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,-0/(%$& If tiisecteu, which piece of a planaiian will iegeneiate fiist.

12,0+1%).)& If tiisecteu, then the miu - section will iegeneiate fiist.

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Planaiia aie flatwoims that iepiouuce 34567889. Sexual iepiouuction is one
of two piocesses in how planaiia iepiouuce. These flatwoims contain both male anu
female gonaus, which makes them :4;<7=:;>?@A43. When speim aie ieleaseu
thiough the B4C@A78 =>;43, the feitilizeu egg begins to cieate a B4C4A@D7889 ?@E4;34
oiganism. In conclusion, sexual iepiouuction is one of two foims of iepiouuction
peifoimeu by planaiia flatwoims.
When conuitions aie less than iueal, planaiia can iepiouuce 734567889. The
two piocesses in peifoiming asexual iepiouuction aie A7@8 ?;>==@CB anu
F;7B<4CA7A@>C. When a planaiia cannot finu anothei planaiia to mate with, it uses
eithei tail uiopping oi fiagmentation to iepiouuce new planaiia woims.
Fiagmentation occuis when a single planaiia is bioken into uiffeient sepaiate
pieces. The A>A@=>A4CA 3A4< D4883, oi C4>G873A3 that can change into any cell types
(ie. skin cells), anu migiate towaiu the missing bouy paits to ieplace them with new
stem cells. The miu section has fewei stems cells to ieplace, so theiefoie it woulu
iegeneiate the fastest. Tail uiopping occuis when the posteiioi of a planaiia
uetaches fiom the iest of its bouy uue to the tightening in tail muscles. As a iesult,
begins to piouuce a new D8>C4? offspiing thiough anothei foim of asexual
iepiouuction, iegeneiation.
Planaiia can auuitionally iepiouuce asexually thiough iegeneiation. When
fiagmentation occuis, the neoblasts in the planaiia ieceive a signal to ieplace the
missing stem cells. The cells will migiate towaiu the wounu wheie blastema, oi
pluiipotent cells (cells that can uevelop into many uiffeient cell types) will foim
ieplace missing cells, cieating a complete, new planaiia. I hypothesizeu that the
miu-section of my planaiia woulu iepiouuce the fastest uue to fewei pluiipotent
cells to ieplace. This hypothesis was testeu thiough obseiving iegeneiation in
planaiia woims.








Overson, Miranda Thursday, May 8, 2014 7:46:25 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:d8:41





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In this lab we tiisecteu planaiia woims to obseive how they iegeneiate. I
hypothesizeu that the miu-section woulu iegeneiate fiist because less stem cells
woulu have to be ieplaceu. By Bay 4 multiple ghost cells weie visible anu the tail
hau begun to foim. In auuition, moie ghost cells hau been obseiveu in the
unfinisheu planaiia anu the heau shape hau begun to foim by Bay 7. 49% (S8) of
planaiia miu sections out of 78 total planaiia in all 7 peiious hau iepiouuceu the
fiist. Almost half of all 78 planaiia pieces that iegeneiateu fiist weie miu-section
pieces. In conclusion, planaiia will iegeneiate when tiisecteu anu the miu-section
will iegeneiate fiist.

#"#(2).)&

- pieces may not have been cut equally
- iesulteu to in-accuiate iesults
- hypothesis was coiiect, but iesults may not have been valiu
- miu section iegeneiateu fiist using tail uiopping

u
1u
2u
Su
4u
Su
6u
7u
8u
9u
1uu
Anteiioi Niu Section Posteiioi
2S
S4
2S
S7
49
14
Siu Peiiou
7th Peiiou
Overson, Miranda Thursday, May 8, 2014 7:46:25 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:d8:41
Although my hypothesis was coiiect, the iesults may not have been accuiate. I
believe the outcomes weien't accuiate because of unequally cut pieces. When the
planaiia was fiist cut into S pieces, the miu-section containeu a gieatei poition of
the bouy, iathei than the tail. This iesulteu to this specific section iepiouucing much
fastei than the iest. It woulu've been uifficult to contiol this in-accuiate mistake
aftei the planaiia was alieauy cut, but in the futuie, my paitnei anu I will be moie
caieful when cutting the planaiia foi iegeneiation.
Neoblasts anu human stem cells aie similai anu uiffeient in seveial uiffeient
ways. Neoblasts aie pluiipotent stem cells (cells that can uevelop into seveial
uiffeient cell types) that ieplace wounueu oi olu cells in planaiia. Buman stem cells
aie Nultipotent stem cells, meaning that they can uevelop into limit cell types.
Although both neoblasts anu human stem cells can both contiibute in iegeneiation,
they aie auuitionally uiffeient fiom each othei. While human stem cells, oi
embiyonic stem cells, can only uevelop into a limiteu vaiiety of cell types, neoblasts
will ieplace ghost tissue in the fiagmenteu planaiia pieces.
Thiough the couise of scientific ieseaich on stem cells, scientists have been
ueteimineu to use stem cells to cuie uiseases. Bloou uiseases, such as Leukemia
have been stuuieu to cuie by scientists. Some symptoms of Leukemia aie night
sweats, fatigue, bleeuingbiuising easily, weight loss, anu lack of appetite. Leukemia
specifically taigets bone maiiow, wheie bloou cells aie piouuceu. This affects the
bone maiiow when cells piouuce iiiepiessibly, causing the lack of bloou cells to be
piouuceu. A cuiient tieatment incluues stem cell tiansplant, wheie new stem cells
aie injecteu into the bone maiiow to piouuce the bloou cells the patient iequiies. As
cuies foi uiseases thiough stem cells have been ieseaicheu, it can be ueteimineu
that stem cells play an impoitant iole in cuiing uiseases.

/@G8@>B;7=:9&

"Leukemia." MedicineNet. N.p., 14 Mar. 2014. Web. 08 May 2014.

Kohn, Craig A. "What Are Stem Cells? - Craig A. Kohn." YouTube. YouTube, 10 Sept. 2013.
Web. 08 May 2014.

"Stem Cell Quick Reference." Genetic Science Learning Center. University of Utah, n.d.
Web. 08 May 2014.

"The Stem Cell Debate: Is It Over?" Genetic Science Learning Center. University of Utah,
n.d. Web. 07 May 2014.

"Unlocking Stem Cell Potential." Genetic Science Learning Center. University of Utah, n.d.
Web. 08 May 2014.

Overson, Miranda Thursday, May 8, 2014 7:46:25 PM Pacic Daylight Time 70:56:81:af:d8:41