International J ournal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJ CTT) volume 4 Issue 8 August 2013

ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 2402

Model Analysis of Gas Turbine Blades by varying Fillet Radius with Materials

P.Ramesh
#1
, D. Mallikarjuna Reddy
*2

1
PG Student Siddharth Institute Of Engineering and Technology, JNTUA, Puttur, AP.
2
Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering Department, JNTUA, Puttur,AP.

Abstract---This paper summarizes the model and
analysis of Gas turbine blade, CATIA is used for design
of solid model and ANSYS software for analysis for F.E.
model generated, by applying boundary condition, this
paper also includes specific fillet radius and material of
blade. How the program makes effective use of the
ANSYS pre-processor to mesh complex turbine blade
geometries and apply boundary conditions. Here under
we presented how Designing of a turbine blade is done in
CATIA with varying different fillet radius. And the
turbine analysis to different material, static and dynamic
stress analysis results. The principle aim of this paper is
to get the natural frequencies and mode shape of the
turbine blade with different fillet radius and materials.
Key words: Turbine blade, Fillet radius,
I. Introduction to Gas Turbines:

A gas turbine is a machine delivering
mechanical power or thrust. It does this using
a gaseous working fluid. The mechanical
power generated can be used by, for example,
an industrial device. The outgoing gaseous
fluid can be used to generate thrust.
In the gas turbine, there is a
continuous flow of the working fluid. This
working fluid is initially compressed in the
compressor. It is then heated in the
combustion chamber. Finally, it goes through
the turbine.
The turbine converts the energy of the
gas into mechanical work. Part of this work is
used to drive the compressor. The remaining
part is known as the net work of the gas
turbine.

II. History of gas turbines:
We can distinguish two important
types of gas turbines. There are industrial gas
turbines and there are jet engine gas turbines.
Both types of gas turbines have a short but
interesting history.
Industrial gas turbines were developed
rather slowly. This was because, to use a gas
turbine, a high initial compression is
necessary. This rather troubled early
engineers. Due to this, the first working gas
turbine was only made in 1905 by the
Frenchman Rateau.
The first gas turbine for power
generation became operational in 1939 in
Switzerland. It was developed by the
company Brown Boveri.
Back then, gas turbines had a rather
low thermal efficiency. But they were still
useful. This was because they could start up
rather quickly. They were therefore used to
provide power at peak loads in the electricity
network.
In the 1980s, natural gas made its
breakthrough as fuel. Since then, gas turbines
have increased in popularity. The first time a
gas turbine was considered as a jet engine,
was in 1929 by the Englishman Frank
Whittle.
However, he had trouble finding
funds. The first actual jet aircraft was build by
the German Von Ohain in 1939. After World
War 2, the gas turbine developed rapidly.
New high-temperature materials, new cooling
techniques and research in aerodynamics
strongly improved the efficiency of the jet
engine. It therefore soon became the primary
choice for many applications.
Currently, there are several companies
producing gas turbines. The biggest producer
of both industrial gas turbines and jet engines
is General Electric (GE) from the USA. Rolls
Royce and Pratt &Whitney are also important
manufacturers of jet engines.

International J ournal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJ CTT) volume 4 Issue 8 August 2013


ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 2403

III. COMPONENTS OF THE GAS TURBINE
ENGINE:
The essential components of the gas
turbine engine are:
(A) Compressor
(B) Combustion/Combustor
(C) Turbine
Efficient compression of large
volumes of air is essential for a successful gas
turbine engine. This has been achieved in two
types of compressors, the axial-flow
compressor and the centrifugal or radial-
flow compressor. Most power plant
compressors are axial-flow compressors. The
object of a good compressor design is to
obtain the most air through a given diameter
compressor with a minimum number of stages
while retaining relatively high efficiencies
and aerodynamic stability over the operating
range. Compressors contain a row of rotating
blades followed by a row of stationary (stator)
blades. A stage consists of a row of rotor and
a row of stator blades. All work done on the
working fluid is done by the rotating rows,
the stators converting the fluid kinetic energy
to pressure and directing the fluid into the
next rotor. The fluid enters with an initial
velocity relative to the blade
and leaves with a final relative
velocity at a different angle.

a) Compressor Specifications:
Type : Axial-Flow Compressor
Number of Stages : Single Stage
Power : 550 Kw
Mass Flow Rate : 10 Kg/S
Rotational Speed : 30000 Rpm
Number of Blades : 28
Outer Diameter : 0.18 M
Clearance : 10 Mm

b) Material Properties:
Table 1: Properties of Materials

IV. MODEL

Turbine blade models are modeling by
using CATIA and the models are various
fillets radius. Those fillet radius are 0
mm,1 mm,2 mm are considering.

V. ANALYSIS
5.1 For the Model with Fillet Radius = 0mm
5.1.1 Stainless steel Material

Fig 5.1.1a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius = 0mm


Fig 5.1.1b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 0mm



S
NO
MA
TER
IAL
YOU
G
MOD
DENSI
TY
POIS
SON
RAT
IO
ULTIM
ATE
STRES
S
YIE
LD
STR
ESS

GPA KG/M
3


MPA
MP
A
1 SS 193 8.03 0.29 860 520
2 TI 116 4.5 0.32 1040 940
3 S98 200 7.89 0.282 1160 1000
International J ournal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJ CTT) volume 4 Issue 8 August 2013


ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 2404

5.1.2 S 98 Material

Fig 5.1.2a:Stress Result for Fillet Radius =
0mm

Fig 5.1.2b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 0mm


5.1.3 TI Material

Fig 5.1.3a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius =0mm

Fig 5.1.3b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius =0mm




5.2 For the Model with Fillet Radius = 1mm
5.2.1 Stainless steel Material


Fig 5.2.1a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius = 1mm

Fig 5.2.1b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 1mm


5.2.2 S-98 Material

Fig 5.2.2a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius = 1mm

Fig 5.2.2b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 1mm


International J ournal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJ CTT) volume 4 Issue 8 August 2013


ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 2405

5.2.3 Ti Material


Fig 5.2.3a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius = 1mm

Fig 5.2.3b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 1mm


5.3 For the Model with Fillet Radius = 2 mm
5.3.1 SS Material

Fig 5.3.1a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius = 2mm

Fig 5.3.1b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 2mm
5.3.2 S-98 Material


Fig 5.3.2a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius = 2mm

Fig 5.3.2b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 2mm


5.3.3 Ti Material


Fig 5.3.3a: Stress Result for Fillet Radius = 2mm

Fig 5.3.3b: Strain Result for Fillet Radius = 2mm
International J ournal of Computer Trends and Technology (IJ CTT) volume 4 Issue 8 August 2013


ISSN: 2231-2803 http://www.ijcttjournal.org Page 2406

The stress and strain ANSYS results
obtained are tabulated in below table with
their respective Factor of Safety in the
table
Table: 6.1 Ansys Results
S
N
O
MODE
L
MATE
RIAL
ELEME
NTS
NOD
ES
VON
-
MISS
ES
STR
ESS
TOT
AL
MEC
H
STR
AIN
FS
@
YIE
LD
FS
@
U
TS
1
Fillet=
0mm
SS 106889
1613
68
1110.
81
0.006
02
4.65
0.7
7
2 TI 106889
1613
68
593.0
82
0.005
374
1.58
1.7
5
3 S98 106889
1613
68
1104.
76
0.005
771
0.91
1.0
5
4
Fillet=
1mm
SS 132101
2010
42
871.5
17
0.004
528
0.60
0.9
9
5 TI 132101
2010
42
478.2
92
0.004
128
1.97
2.1
7
6 S98 132101
2010
42
861.0
6
0.004
318
1.16
1.3
5
7
Fillet=
2mm
SS 119850
1788
55
607.8
4
0.003
18
0.86
1.4
1
8 TI 119850
1788
55
337.4
05
0.002
93
2.79
3.0
8
9 S98 119850
1788
55
598.6
68
0.003
622
1.67
1.9
4


Referring to the above results it is clear
that the stresses & strains developed for
the model without filleting (as shown in
Fig 5.1.1a. 5.1.1b, 5.1.2a, 5.1.2b, 5.1.3a,
5.1.3b) when compared for the models
with filleting (5.2.1a, 5.2.1b, 5.2.2a,
5.2.2b, 5.2.3a, 5.2.3b, 5.3.1a, 5.3.1b,
5.3.2a, 5.3.2b, 5.3.3a, 5.3.3b) are high i.e.
at the sharp edges the stress concentration
is high which was reduced by filleting
(adding material).
Relatively the respective Factor of
Safety is also low for the filleting models
compared with the models without filleting
as shown in the above table 6.1.
The analysis was done considering
three materials namely Stainless-steel, S-
98 and Titanium (whose material
properties are tabulated in the table 3)
where the optimal results are obtained for
the material Titanium (Ti).



VI. CONCLUSION
In this work a compressor module as
per the specifications the modeled using
CATIA of various fillet radii (0 mm, 1mm,
and 2mm) as shown in fig.
The three models were analyzed using
ANSYS for three different materials (stainless
steel, Titanium and S-98).

From the output obtained, it was found
that the stress concentration is high at sharp
edges compared with filleting edges (material
added edges) i.e. the optimal results were
obtained for the model of fillet radius 2mm for
the material Titanium (Ti), the analysis values
are tabulated in table: 6.1.
Based on the ANSYS results, fatigue
life of three models were estimated using
formulae and the number of cycles to failure
(N) were calculated and it was found to be, the
more number of cycles to failure was obtained
to the model of fillet radius 2mm for the
material Titanium(Ti).
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