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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 5 TrFO and TFO ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 5-1
5.1 Overview of TrFO and TFO ................................ ................................ ........................... 5-1
5.2 TrFO Functions ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 1
5.3 TFO Functions ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 3
5.4 TrFO and TFO ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 4
5.5 Function of MGW during TrFO/TFO ................................ ................................ .................. 4
Feature Description
HUAWEI UMTS Circuit-Switched Core Network
Functional Features
Chapter 5 TrFO and TFO
Feature Description
HUAWEI UMTS Circuit-Switched Core Network
Functional Features
Chapter 5 TrFO and TFO
Oo Codec
Negotiation
MGW
RNC
Iu earer
earer
Req
Iu earer
ME
Radio earer
RANA
M W
Control
User
Plane
Oo Codec
Negotiation
RNC
ME
earer
Req
MSC
Se e
RANA
T
r
a
M W
n
Control
s
earer
i
Req
t
MGW
N
e
t
w
CN earer o
r
k
Oo Codec
Negotiation
MSC
Se e
Control
Plane
Radio earer
The originating (G)MSC Server (O-MSC) sends the codec types and an option list
(IAM messages) supported, which are arranged as preference.
After receiving the information from the originating (G)MSC Server node, the
intermediate (G)MSC Server node deletes the options it does not support and then
continue to send the list. The preference parameter in the list is not changed.
The termination (G)MSC Server node (T-MSC) analyzes the list, then selects the codec
type with the highest preference (an APM message, containing the selected codec
type and optional codec types list), and finally returns its selection result. Till now,
the negotiation process is completed.
If no commonly supported code type can be selected during negotiation, transcoders
need to be inserted for transcoding.
The OoBTC negotiation can be classified into three types. And different negotiation
processes correspond to different services:
Feature Description
HUAWEI UMTS Circuit-Switched Core Network
Functional Features
Chapter 5 TrFO and TFO
e coding
Encoding
ITU-T G.711
-law U-law
MS UE
e coding
compressed
speech
compressed
speech
Encoding
Transcoding
Function
LM
Transcoding
Function
LM
MS UE
The originating MS encodes voice signals, and then sends them to the P MN A it
resides in through radio links. The local TC decodes the compressed voice and
according to ITU-T G.711, converts the decompressed voice to A-law or U-law PCM
voice that is then transferred to the radio network P MN B across the fixed network.
The TC of P MN B encodes the voice and the P MN B sends the compressed voice to
another MS.
In the above networking application, the two TCs are in cascading operation status. As
the voice is encoded and decoded twice in the call process, the voice signals shall be
damaged especially in a low-rate TC.
To minimize the damage on voice and improve voice quality, the TC functions are
Feature Description
HUAWEI UMTS Circuit-Switched Core Network
Functional Features
Chapter 5 TrFO and TFO
Providing in-band signaling between two TCs for TFO operation control.
Enabling and implementing TFO if the same codec type is selected by both sides.
Restoring the TC cascading operation status quickly and seamlessly from TFO
status if necessary.
To make codec types matched, the method of optimising TC can be used. The
optimising results may require TFO. In this case, other functional entities such as RNC
may be required to participate in enabling TFO.
TFO offers multiple benefits including:
Avoid repeated TC operations and improved voice quality. The effect is especially
At present, UMG8900 supports TFO of AMR transcoding only. For details about TFO
message sequence, please see 3GPP TS 28.062 specifications.
If the OoBTC fails to establish the TrFO and transcoders are required, then
in-band TFO may be used for negotiation.
In-band TFO shall be used for interworking with the 2G systems, and TrFO shall
used for pure 3G network application.
R99 set limitations of TrFO. The BICC protocol set1 only support AA 1 and AA 2, and
does not support bearer modification or repeated codec negotiation. For example, if a
node has no BC modification capability, you have to release the bearer link already set
up and then set up a new one.
Feature Description
HUAWEI UMTS Circuit-Switched Core Network
Functional Features
Chapter 5 TrFO and TFO
During TFO, TC is responsible for the whole negotiation process, including making the
decision whether to perform transcoding.