The Simple Present Tense

Affirmative:S+verb+s/es.
(he,she,it)
Negative:S+DO/DOES+NOT+verbx.
(!n"t/!esn"t)
#nterr!gative:DO/DOES+S+verbx$
(he,she,it)

e.g.
%.# g! t! s&h!!l ever' a'.
(.The tea&her tea&hes.
The !&t!r &)res si&* pe!ple.
+.The s)n rises in the east.
,.The t!)rists visit the m)se)m t!m!rr!-.
The train leaves at . p.m.

Exprima:
%.A&ti)ni !bisn)ite/repetate(ve0i exempl)l %.)
1ever' a'/-ee*/'ear/-inter/s)mmer et&.
1)s)all'2s!metimes/al-a's/!ften/sel!m(rare!ri)/never.
1!n&e/t-i&e a -ee*/a'/'ear.
(.A&tivitati permanente.
+.Aevar)ri general valabile.
,.A&ti)ni viit!are &are fa& parte intr1)n pr!gram !fi&ial.

3erb x4verb)l la f!rma in i&ti!nar2prima f!rma a verb)l)i.
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The Present Tense 6!ntin)!)s
Affirmative: S+am/are/is+verb+ ing.
Negative:S+am/are/is+NOT+verb+ing.
#nterr!gative:Am/are/is+S+verb+ing$
%.# am(#"m)-riting n!-.
(.7' sister is &!!*ing this -ee*.
+.8e are g!ing !n a trip t!m!rr!-.
,.The teleph!ne is al-a's ringing.
..Pri&es are g!ing )p fast these a's.
Exprima:
%.A&ti)ne in esfas)rare in m!ment)l v!rbirii.
1n!-/at the present/at the m!ment.
(.A&tivitati( temp!rare)
1t!a'2this -ee*/'ear/m!nth/s)mmer et&.
+.A&ti)ne viit!are planifi&ata in present.
,.A&ti)ni &are ma eran9ea0a/enervea0a.
..:)&r)ri in s&himbare.
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Averbs
Adjective+ly=Adverb
Pretty+ly=prettily
Beautiful+ly=beautifully
e.g.She cries badly but she isnt a bad girl.
She is a beautiful girl.----adjective
She sings beautifully.-----adverb
Exceptins!
A9e&tive Averb
"d
Early
#ate
$ast
%igh
%ard
&ear
'ell
Early
#ate(lately=in ulti)ul ti)p*
$ast
%igh(highly=laudabil*
%ard(hardly=de abia*
&ear(nearly=aprape sa*
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+he "enitive(Pssessive ,ase*

Psesr fiinta!e.g.+he bys b-(singular*
+he bysb-s(plural*
Psesr biect!e.g.+he .ind. f the r)
+he dr f the huse
Ex&eptii pentr) p!ses!r nefiinta
Pentru distante in ti)p e.g.A ten )inutestal-/0n ten yearsti)e/
+here .ill be an hurs delay.
+he htel .as ten )inutesdrive fr) the beach.
Pentru distante inspatiu!e.g.A 1 -il)etresrad.
&u)e rase!e.g.#ndns )useu)s.
&u)e tari!2)anias students/"er)anys churches.
'ith the na)es f shps3c)panies and peple4places that prvide a service.
e.g.0) getting the +han-sgiving shpping at 5acys.(=5acys depart)ent stre*
'as there anything nice at the butches this )prning6(=the butchers shp*
0n certain fixed expressins!
e.g.She .as at deaths dr.
$r "ds sa-e7
$r pitys sa-e7
$r heavens sa-e7
+) and 5arys parents.(+) and 5ary are brthers*
+)s and 5arys parents.(+) and 5ary have different parents*
0n expressins fr value48uantity .ith .rth!
e.g.,uld yu give )e a punds worth f chips6
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T! 7a*e versus T! D!


T! 7a*e:
A dress
,ffee3tea
+he beds
&ise
A pr)ise
+ruble
Any difference
Prgress
5ney
A speech
A )ista-e
9p nes()y3yur etc.* )ind

T! D!:
+he h)e.r-3an exercise
:nes best
A favur
A jb
S)e .r-
+he shpping
Business

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Se;)en&e !f Tenses




;. anteriritate!Past Perfect


Past +ense <. si)ultaneitate!Past +ense777(in r)ana ave) present*


=.psteriritate!$uture in the Past(S+shuld4.uld+verb inf.*
e.g.
%. She told )e (that*he ha b!)ght the car last year.
(. She said (that*she l!ve )e.()a iubeste*
+. +he teacher told us (that* .e sh!)l g! n a trip next .ee-.
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,untry #anguage

England English
$rance $rench
"er)any "er)an
%lland >utch
?apan ?apanese
,hina ,hinese
5exic 5exican
Spain Spanish
S.it@erland S.iss
S.eden S.edish
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T! >e:
As .hite as a sheet(cala de hartie3cearsaf*
As ugly as sin
As drun- as a lrd
As pretty as a picture
As sber as a judge
As stubbrn as a )ule
As fresh as a daisy()argareta*
As busy as a bee

T ! P)t :
+ put up(a tent3a huse*=a ridica3a inalta(cladire3crt*
+ put ut(the fire*=a stinge
+ put a.ay=a pune de- parte3a inlatura
+ put ff=a a)ana
+ put somebody up=a ca@a
+ put up .ith somebody=a se intelege cu3a suprta pe
+ put n=a i)braca
+ put d.n=a nta
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Plural f &uns

%.@eg)lar pl)rals
$r)ed by adding As.
Examples! Pronounciation! Spelling!
%at-hats AsB ,nsnant+y=ie+s
%ead-heads A@B C.el+y=y+s
,untry-cuntries A@B
By-bys A@B
$r)ed by adding Aes.
;. 'ith nuns ending in !-s;-x;-zz;-ch;-sh;-ss.
Bus-buses Ai@B
Bx-bxes
'atch-.atches
<.'ith nuns ending in !- f/- fe(there are exceptins*.
'lf-.lves A@B -f=v+es
#ife-lives - fe=v+es
(2f-rfs*
=.'ith nuns ending in!cnsnant+(there are exceptins*.
%er-heres
Ptat-ptates
(2adi-radis* A@B
(Pian-pians)
(Pht-phts)

(.#rreg)lar pl)rals
e.g.
)an-)en a )an-t. )en
.)an-.)en a tth-t. teeth
ft-feet
tth-teeth
)use- )ice
x-xen
child-children
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S)bstantive &e se f!l!ses& n)mai la sing)lar

A.
ne.s
nu)e de bli()easles*+altele +verb sing)lar
nu)e de stiinte si biecte de studiu ter)inate in ics(5athe)atics3Physics*
B.
advice
furniture
infr)atin +verb sing)lar
luggage
-n.ledge
)ney


Substantive cu fr)a de plural

:biectele fr)ate din < parti egale3unite intre ele (unelte3article de
i)braca)inte*au fr)a dar de plural si se acrda cu verbul la plural.
e.g.
trusers
pyja)as
glasses +verb in the pl)ral
(a pair o!* scissrs(farfece*
veralls(salpeta*

Substantive ce se flsesc dupa inteles cu!

Cerb la plural!-cand referirea este la )e)brii clectivitatii.
e.g. Pauls !amily are at h)e.
Cerb la singular!-cand se denu)este clectivitatea ca un intreg.
e.g.Pauls !amily is large.
$a)ily3class3cre.3public tea)3audience3c))ittee.

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