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ABB Switzerland Ltd

P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 1
Busbar
Busbar
protection
protection
:
:
CT
CT
requirements
requirements
&
&
CT
CT
information
information
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 2
Requirements of busbar protection concerning CT - saturation
2 cases have to be checked:
1. External fault
Selectivity shall be maintained
although CT'(s) saturate !
2. Internal fault
Reliable operation above setting
value. Tripping shall not be delayed
although CT'(s) saturate !
One CT with total
fault current
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 3
CT classes
Classes since 1992
Transient Performance classes
refere to CEI-IEC 44-6
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 4
CT Transient performance classes
TPS complementary to class X (low leakage flux)
TPX closed core (5P20,10P20)
TPY core with anti remanence air gaps
TPZ core with considerable air gaps, line arised core
Application examples:
TPS high impedance circulating current protection
TPX most common (5P20)
TPY line protection with autoreclosing
TPZ special applications (differential protection of large generators)
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 5
Ual = Accuracy limiting voltage (secondary voltage)
Former designation, still very popular:
Vk = knee-point voltage
Definitions according different standards:
BS Voltage at which an additional 10% increase in voltage
requires an increase of 50% of magnetizing current
ANSI Voltage at which the slope is 45
for plots on log-log paper
IEC 5P Voltage at which the total error = 5%
of current applied
CT Definitions of knee-point voltage
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 6
CT Definitions of knee-point voltage
+10%
+50%
U [V]
Im [A]
CT-ratio = 1200/1A
100
1000
10000
0.001 0.01 0.1 1.0 10
ANSI
Slope = 45
5 P 20
BS
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 7
CT Small air gaps reduce remanence (TPY)
Drawing not to scale
Remanence
closed core, type TPS, TPX
core with small air gap(s)
to reduce remanence type TPY
Typically used for lines with autoreclosing
Im
flux
Reduced
remanence
typical 80%
typical <10%
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 8
CT Class 5Pn
Examples: 30VA, 5P20 40VA, 10P20 20VA, 10P10 20VA, 5P40
30VA, 5P20
30VA rated burden at rated secondary current
5 total error in % at accuracy limit and rated burden
P protection class
20 minimum multiple of rated secondary current at which
the accuracy limit is reached with rated burden
Rct is often not noted and has to be measured.
For new orders, Rct has to be specified.
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 9
The areas are equal
T
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
0 5 10 15 20 ms
t
Ial = current at accuracy limit
T
Overburdening
or Issc to high
A1
A2 A3
A1 A2 A3
= = =
i(t) dt
0
10ms
CT Saturation at symmetrical current
Ial = peak current
for which the CT
starts to saturates
Idealised presentation
Current Transformers
ABB Switzerland Ltd
P03e_CT / 07-09-30 / RW / P 10
CT Effective accuracy limiting factor n'
CT's are normally not fully burdened,
the effective accuracy limiting factor n' is therefore higher then the rated n
P1
P2
S1
S2
Rct=10
Im
Is Ip
Ual
Ual = (Rct + Rbn) Isn n = (Rct + Rb
effective
) Isn n'
Example: 30VA, 5P20, Rct = 10 n = 20
1000/1A effective burden = 0.8 n' = 74
Rb
effecitive
=0.8
Rbn =30
n' n
Rct Rbn
Rct Rb
n
Pct Pn
Pct Pb effective effective
=
+
+
=
+
+
Example:
Current Transformers
n' =
+
+
= 20
30
10 0.8
74
10

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