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Quantifying Sustainability Quantifying Sustainability Quantifying Sustainability Quantifying Sustainability
Performance to Support Investment Performance to Support Investment Performance to Support Investment Performance to Support Investment
Lynn Lynn Lynn Lynn Reid, Principal Reid, Principal Reid, Principal Reid, Principal Modeller Modeller Modeller Modeller
David Spector, Principal Planner David Spector, Principal Planner David Spector, Principal Planner David Spector, Principal Planner
CDM Smith
GrEEEn Cities: The Questions We Ask
Single-Sector questions:
At what scale should sanitation services be developed?
How can reliability of the energy grid be improved?
Multi-Sector questions:
What impact do various sanitation solutions have on social
welfare and equity or energy reliability?
Big Picture questions:
What portfolio of investments & policies will create the
most resource-efficient city?
How can both climate vulnerability and adaptation
investments be maximized?
How can ADB prioritize investment?
Less complex. We
have tools.
More complex. We
need new tools.
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Decisions Amidst Urban Complexity
Catalytic urban investments
need to be planned and
executed in the context of
better analytics and strategic
focus
GrEEEn Cities indicators exist
and can be measured. With
new tools, they can also be
simulated, before investments
are made.
CDM Smith Urban Simulation Model (USM)
Key Analysis Functions
Integrated Analysis:
How choices affect other sectors, the entire urban
system, the environment, and economics
Temporal Analysis:
Dynamic analysis of resource supplies vs demands at
fine time steps;
Assess changed future conditions, including climate
scenarios
Inventory current conditions
Spatial Analysis:
Explore impacts of urban form on resource supply
and demands
Test centralized vs. decentralized scenarios
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Embedding Simulation in the
Integrated Planning Process
Envision infrastructure, housing and
technology investments to feed into
model
Plan and
layouts, Maps
Output M
etric
DecisionVariable
Alternative C
Alternative A
Alternative B
Target
Output, Analytics, and
Decision Support
Simulate performance of urban form
and suites of GrEEEn solutions
Model Input Application GIS Application Systems Dynamics
Simulator
Output Tools
Planners, Engineers, and
Architects
Staff from Public Agencies
/ Owners/Developers
Key Performance
Indicators
DMCs Public Agencies, Investors, ADB and
other Funding and Lending Agencies
Iterative Input and Feedback
in Design and Planning Process
Define GrEEEn solution
attributes
Define a Suite of Performance Indicators
Represent triple bottom line objectives
Based on current policy or future desires
Justify case for funding and GrEEN solution prioritization
+ ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
ECONOMIC GROWTH
+ SOCIAL EQUITY
Triple Bottom Line / 3E
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Define Spatial Plans
Outline current layouts in GIS
Identify urban form alternatives:
Infill vs. sprawl
Alternative solutions for informal development
Evaluation of alternatives against KPIs
ONSITE
STORAGE
Develop Green Solutions
Policies and strategies
Building codes
Infrastructure alternatives
Light rail or buses?
Green technology applications
Greywater reuse
Waste to energy
FromSingapore Water
Sensitive Urban Design Plan
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Multi-Sector Simulation
Simulate suites of GrEEEn solutions under defined
urban build out scenarios
Decision makers use the results to:
Understand current conditions
Develop new projects,
Refine projects
Output and Decision Support
Provides output to assess projected KPI achievement
Can inform both GrEEEn City Action plan priorities
and preferred urban form scenario
Site Suitability Map
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How can decision makers use the
Urban Systems Model?
What are the benefits of sustainable development policies under
various scenarios
Tradeoffs of solutions with regard to sectors and/or targets?
What triple bottom line performance targets are aggressive yet
achievable?
Best return on investment?
Priorities for implementation?
CleanTech Park, SNG
Macquarie University, AUS
Punggol EcoTown, SNG
Investments Supported by Better Analytics
Integrated Urban Development & Urban Planning
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Policies
Strategies
Sector Plans
Regulations
Institutions
Governance
Civil Society
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Analysis, Synthesis, Communication, Decision Support
Reduce uncertainty in meeting 3E metrics.
Quantify environmental, financial, and social benefits before investments
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Lynn Reid Lynn Reid Lynn Reid Lynn Reid, reidlb@cdmsmith.com
David Spector David Spector David Spector David Spector, spectorda@cdmsmith.com
CDM Smith CDM Smith CDM Smith CDM Smith