Abstract:-

The purpose of this experiment is to determine the liquid-vapor equilibrium data for a given binary
system of benzene and acetone by construct equilibrium between vapor and liquid. Composition of
liquid and vapor is measured by refractometery. Boiling point of binary mixture is toluene depending on
their compositions in the mixture. Boiling point will change of mixture as composition of mixture
change. Boiling point of mixture is decreases as composition of acetone is increases in mixture because
acetone is more volatile component than benzene. Composition of benzene and acetone in liquid and
vapor phase changes as boiling point of mixture changes.
Introduction:-
Separation of two or more compound based on their different composition in mixture is one of the most
common operations in Chemical engineering. There is no changes occur in the macroscopic properties
of a system with time in Equilibrium condition. Vapor liquid Equilibrium is a condition where the rate of
evaporation is equal to the rate of condensation. Boiling point temperature of mixture is depends upon
the composition of acetone and benzene in the mixture. Boiling point temperature of mixture is
Intermediate temperature between the two pure compound boiling points. Relative volatility is a
measure of comparing the vapor pressures of components in a liquid mixture. When the volatilities of
both liquids are same, then separation would be impossible. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data gives the
basic information of the system that is required for the design of the equilibrium stages of vapor liquid
separation equipment like distillation. Equilibrium data represent the composition of the mixture in
vapor phase and liquid phase. Equilibrium compositions are function of temperature and pressure.
Separation at Industry level is done in isobaric condition.
There isa relation between refractive index of the solution and mole fraction and Composition of
a component in a solution can be measured by knowing the refractive index (R.I) of the solution
For acetone the R.I and mole fraction (X
A
) relation is given as:
R.I = -0.1397*X
A
+ 1.4995 (1)
Relation between partial pressure and temperature is given by Antoine equation:

(2)


Where:
T- Saturation temperature (
0
C)

Saturated partial pressure.

A, B and C are constants which vary for different components.
For acetone:
A= 14.31, B=2765.22, C=228.06.
For benzene:
A= 13.78, B=2726.81,C=217.57

= Total Pressure

At equilibrium, the relationship between the compositions of species i in the vapor and liquid phases is
often defined by a K-value, or equilibrium ratio:

Where: Y
A
= Mole fraction of acetone (A) in vapour
Y
B
= Mole fraction of benzene (B) in vapour
X
A
= Mole fraction of acetone (A) in liquid
X
B
= Mole fraction of benzene (B) in liquid
The relation between reaction coefficient (
X
) and mole fractions can be given as:
Y
A
= (P
A
/ P
T
) *
A
X
A

Y
B
= (P
B
/ P
T
) *
B
X
B

Relative volatility:

Van Laar equations are

Procedure:-
A 500ml solution of benzene and 100ml solution of acetone was taken in a beaker. The mixture solution
was injected into still vaporizer. Power was switched on and the temperature of the heater was set to
100 degree Celsius and heated the mixture. Mixture started to boil after sometime. The vapor goes up
into the condenser and is collected in the collector. The condensed vapor was then again poured back
into the vaporizer and again system was left to attain equilibrium.. After equilibrium was attained,
temperature becomes constant but a slight variation in temperature was observed and the value of
temperature was noted down. Refractive index of both condensed vapor and liquid in vaporizer was
measured by refractometer. The mixture from still was drained out and same procedure was repeated
for solutions of composition: 250ml benzene + 250ml acetone and 200ml benzene + 300ml acetone. And
then using R.I values, values of X
A
and Y
A
was determined
Discussion & Conclusion:-
It can be seen that boiling point of mixture decreases and composition of more volatile compound in
vapor phase is increases as quantity of more volatile compound is increases. This difference in
composition between the vapor and liquid phases becomes the basis for separating the compounds.
Data of vapor-liquid equilibrium is useful to design setup for different industrial separation process.
Whole process was done at constant pressure, if pressure is vary throughout the process then some
variation is occur in properties of compounds because that properties are function of pressure and
temperature. Acetone is more volatile because it has week van der Waals forces than benzene.


Result:
Table 1.Properties of Benzene and Acetone (from literature/experimental):





Thus boiling point of the mixture will be between 56-80
0
C.
Table 2.Boiling point for different compositions calculated was as follows:

Acetone volume
(ml)
Benzene volume
(ml)
Temperature
(
0
C)
100 400 69
250 250 60.9
300 200 58.3

Table 3 Data of.Refractive Index of Liquid and Vapor phase at boiling points for different
compositions.

Temperature
(Liquid)
0
C
69 60.9 58.3
Temperature
( Vapour)
0
C
66.4 58.7 57.1
Component Density at 20
0
C

(Kg/lit)
Molecular
Weight
(g/mol)
Boiling Point

(
0
C)
R.I at 20
0
C

(nD)
Benzene

0.87 78.11 80.1 1.50
Acetone

0.79 58.08 56.0 1.35
R.I (Liquid)
nD
1.4725 1.3773 1.3973
R.I (Vapour)
nD
1.4407 1.4190 1.3968

Mole fraction can be calculated by using formula (1).






Table 3.Data of mole fractions of Acetone and Benzene at different boiling points in liquid and
vapor phase

Temperature
(Liquid)
0
C
69 60.9 58.3
X
A
0.1932 0.8747 0.7316
X
B
0.8067 0.1253 0.2684
Y
A
0.4209 0.5762 0.7351
Y
B
0.5791 0.4238 0.2649


Table 4.Calculatting the Van Laar constants a and b and other data.

Temperature
(Liquid)
0
C
69 60.9 58.3

A
3.6133 1.0902 1.6616

B
1.8068 8.5475 2.4964
Ln(
A
/
B
) 0.6930 -0.8943 -0.1768
K
A
2.1778 0.6588 1.0049
K
B
0.7178 3.3829 0.9867
a 7.3719 0.05613 1.4729
b 0.4889 28.0169 1.05718







Graph 1.Difference in area about X-axis for Ln(
A
/
B
) Vs X
A
plot.



-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.193271296 0.874731568 0.731567645
Ln(
A
/
B
) Vs X
A

log vs xa


Graph 2. Interrelation between Ln(
A
) and Ln(
B
) Vs X
A
plots

0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
LnA Vs XA
LnB Vs XA