772980

SECOND EDITION
BERNARD L. MARIA, MD, MBA

Professor and Chairman
Department of Child Health
Pediatrician-in-Chief of Childrens Hospital
University of Missouri Health Sciences Center
Columbia, Missouri
2002
BC Decker Inc
Hamilton London
CURRENT
MANAGEMENT IN
CHILD
NEUROLOGY
Exit
Sales and Distribution
United States U.K., Europe, Scandinavia, Japan
BC Decker Inc Middle East Igaku-Shoin Ltd.
P.O. Box 785 Harcourt Publishers Limited Foreign Publications Department
Lewiston, NY 14092-0785 Customer Service Department 3-24-17 Hongo
Tel: 905-522-7017 / 1-800-568-7281 Foots Cray High Street Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo,
Fax: 905-522-7839 / 1-888-377-4987 Sidcup, Kent Japan 113-8719
E-mail: info
@
bcdecker.com DA14 5HP, UK Tel: 3 3817 5680
Website: www.bcdecker.com Tel: 44 (0) 208 308 5760 Fax: 3 3815 6776
Fax: 44 (0) 181 308 5702 E-mail: fd@igaku.shoin.co.jp
E-mail: cservice@harcourt_brace.com
Canada Australia, New Zealand Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand,
BC Decker Inc Harcourt Australia Pty. Limited Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam,
20 Hughson Street South Customer Service Department Pacic Rim, Korea
P.O. Box 620, L.C.D. 1 STM Division Harcourt Asia Pte Limited
Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7 Locked Bag 16 #09/01, Forum
Tel: 905-522-7017 / 1-800-568-7281 St. Peters, New South Wales, 2044 583 Orchard Road
Fax: 905-522-7839 / 1-888-377-4987 Australia Singapore 238884
E-mail: info
@
bcdecker.com Tel: (02) 9517-8999 Tel: 65-737-3593
Website: www.bcdecker.com Fax: (02) 9517-2249 Fax: 65-753-2145
E-mail: stmp@harcourt.com.au
Foreign Rights Website: www.harcourt.com.au
John Scott & Company
International Publishers Agency
P.O. Box 878
Kimberton, PA 19442
Tel: 610-827-1640
Fax: 610-827-1671
e-mail: jsco@voicenet.com
BC Decker Inc
20 Hughson Steet South
P. O. Box 620, L.C.D. 1
Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3K7
Tel: 905-522-7017; 1-800-568-7281
Fax: 905-522-7839; 1-888-377-4987
E-mail: info@bcdecker.com
Website: www.bcdecker.com
2002 BC Decker Inc
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the
publisher.
01 02 03 04 / FP / 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 1-55009-162-X
Printed in Canada
Notice: The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the patient care recommended herein, including choice of
drugs and drug dosages, is in accord with the accepted standard and practice at the time of publication. However, since research
and regulation constantly change clinical standards, the reader is urged to check recent publications and the product information
sheet included in the package of each drug, which includes recommended doses, warnings, and contraindications. This is particu-
larly important with new or infrequently used drugs.
PASQUALE J. ACCARDO, MD
Professor of Pediatrics
New York Medical College
Director of Pediatrics
Westchester Institute for Human Development
Valhalla, New York
COLEEN ADAMS, MB, FRCPC
Associate Professor
University of Calgary
Pediatric Neurologist
Alberta Childrens Hospital
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
JEAN AICARDI, MD
Consultant
Hpital Robert Debr
Paris, France
Honorary Professor of Child Neurology
Institute of Child Health University College
London, United Kingdom
JOHN ALVIN, PhD
Associate Professor of Physiology and Pharmacology
University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine
and Pharmacy
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
JOHN C. ANDREFSKY, MD
Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology
Director, Neuro-Intensive Care Unit
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio
STEPHEN ASHWAL, MD
Chief, Division of Pediatric Neurology
Department of Pediatrics
Loma Linda University
Loma Linda, California
ANTHONY M. AVELLINO, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurological Surgery
The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Baltimore, Maryland
ELIA M. AYOUB, MD
Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus
Department of Pediatrics
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida
IDA SUE BARON, PhD
Clinical Associate Professor Pediatrics
Georgetown University School of Medicine
Washington, DC
Private Practice
Potomac, Maryland
ANITA L. BELMAN, MD, MS
Professor of Pediatric Neurology
School of Medicine
State University of New York at Stony Brook
Stony Brook, New York
THOMAS B. BENTON, MD
Adjunct Visiting Professor, Pediatrics
M. TARIQ BHATTI, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology and
Neurology
Co-Director, Neuro-Ophthalmology
University of Florida College of Medicine
GENILA M. BIBAT, MD
Research Associate
Neurogenetics Unit
Kennedy Krieger Institute
Baltimore, Maryland
THOMAS A. BLONDIS, MD
Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics
University of Chicago Childrens Hospital
Chicago, Illinois
iii
CONTRIBUTORS
JUDITH S. BLUVSTEIN, MD
Pediatric Neurology Fellow
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Bronx, New York
BLAISE F.D. BOURGEOIS, MD
Professor of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
Director, Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology
Childrens Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
JOHN B. BODENSTEINER, MD
Chief, Pediatric Neurology
Barrow Neurological Institute
St. Josephs Childrens Health Center
Phoenix, Arizona
EUGEN J. BOLTSHAUSER, MD
University Childrens Hospital
Zurich, Switzerland
LAWRENCE W. BROWN, MD
Co-Director, Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Program
Co-Director, Pediatric Regional Epilepsy Program
Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
JANICE E. BRUNSTROM, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Cell Biology
Washington University School of Medicine
Director, Pediatric Neurology
Cerebral Palsy Center at St. Louis Childrens Hospital
St. Louis, Missouri
IAN J. BUTLER, MB, BS, FRACP
Professor and Chairman
Department of Pediatric Neurology
University of Texas Medical School
Houston, Texas
LEONARD H. CALABRESE, DO
Vice-Chairman
Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio
CAROL CAMFIELD, MD, FRCPC
Professor, Department of Pediatrics
Dalhousie University and the IWK Grace Healthcare Center
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
PETER CAMFIELD, MD, FRCPC
Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics
Dalhousie University and the IWK Grace Healthcare Center
Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
LIONEL CARMANT, MD, FRCPC
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology
Hpital Sainte-Justine
Montreal, Qubec, Canada
BENJAMIN S. CARSON SR, MD
Director of Pediatric Neurological Surgery
Baltimore, Maryland
BRUCE H. COHEN, MD
Chief, Pediatric Neurology
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, Ohio
WILLIAM I. COHEN, MD
Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician
Director, Down Center of Western PA
Associate Professor of Pediatrics
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
MATTHEW D. DABBS, BA
Graduate Student
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology
CANDACE H. DAVID, MEd
Head, Northstar Academy
Richmond, Virginia
RONALD B. DAVID, MD
Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics
(Pediatric Neurology)
Medical College of Virginia
Richmond, Virginia
CAROL DELAHUNTY, MD
Assistant Professor
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
Childrens Hospital, Pittsburgh
LINDA DE MEIRLEIR, MD, PhD
Free University of Brussels
Brussels, Belgium
WILLIAM DEMYER, MD
Professor Emeritus of Child Neurology
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, Indiana
PAOLA DIADORI, MD
Assistant Clinical Professor
Department of Neurology
Hpital Sainte-Justine
THOMAS N. DIKEL, PhD
Department of Clinical and Health
Psychology
iv / Contributors
MICHAEL DUCHOWNY, MD
Director, Epilepsy Program
Miami Childrens Hospital
Clinical Professor in Neurology and Pediatrics
University of Miami School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
DAVID W. DUNN, MD
Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Neurology
Divisions of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and
Child Neurology
LEON S. DURE IV, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology
The University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, Alabama
TERENCE S. EDGAR, MD, FAAP, FAACPDM, FAAEM
Assistant Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics
Director of Neuromuscular and Movement Disorder Center
Medical Director of the Neurophysiology Laboratory
Arkansas Childrens Hospital
Little Rock, Arkansas
RICHARD C. ELLENBOGEN, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery
University of Washington School of Medicine
Childrens Hospital and Regional Medical Center
Seattle, Washington
CYNTHIA R. ELLIS, MD
Director, Division of Developmental Pediatrics
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation
Omaha, Nebraska
LYDIA EVIATAR, MD
Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics
Attending Pediatric Neurologist
Schneider Childrens Hospital
New Hyde Park, New York
SHEILA M. EYBERG, PhD
Professor of Clinical and Health Psychology
EILEEN B. FENNELL, PhD
Professor of Clinical and Health Psychology and Neurology
RICHARD S. FINKEL, MD
Director, Neuromuscular Program
The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia
Associate Clinical Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics,
The University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, Pennsylania
NANCY M. GIUNTA, MHA, FACMPE
Reimbursement Manager
University of Florida Faculty Group Practice
JACK GLADSTEIN, MD
Associate Dean for Student Affairs
Director, Pediatric Headache Clinic
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland
NANCY E. HALL, PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders
Albert D. Conley Speech and Hearing Center
University of Maine
Orono, Maine
ANDREW D. HERSHEY, MD, PhD
Director, Headache Center
Childrens Hospital Medical Center
The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio
RALPH E. HORKY, MS
Senior Vice-President, Strategy
Shands Healthcare
JAMES H. JOHNSON, PhD
Professor of Clinical and Health Psychology
University of Florida College of Health Professions
COLIN KENNEDY, MD, FRCP, FRCPCH
Consultant and Senior Lecturer, Pediatric Neurology
Southampton General Hospital
Southampton, United Kingdom
KIMBERLY N. KIMMEL, BS
University of Miami School of Medicine
Miami, Florida
FENELLA J. KIRKHAM, MB BCHIR. FRCPCH
Senior Lecturer in Pediatric Neurology, Neurosciences Unit
Institute of Child Health (University College London)
The Wolfson Centre, Mecklenburgh Square
London, United Kingdom
EDWIN KOLODNY, MD
Bernard A. and Charlotte Marden Professor and Chairman
New York University School of Medicine
New York, New York
BRUCE R. KORF, MD, PhD
Medical Director, Center for Human Genetics,
Partners HealthCare System
Associate Professor of Neurology
Harvard Medical School
Boston, Massachusetts
Contributors / v
SURESH KOTAGAL, MD
Senior Associate Consultant
Chair, Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
WILLIAM G. KRONENBERGER, PhD
Associate Professor
Department of Psychiatry
JOHN KURATINI, MD
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington
ALVIN E. LAKE III, PhD
Division Director, Psychology
Michigan Head Pain and Neurological Institute
Ann Arbor, Michigan
STEVEN M. LEBER, MD, PhD
Clinical Associate Professor
Division of Pediatric Neurology
Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology
University of Michigan Medical Center
Ann Arbor, Michigan
MACIEJ S. LESNIAK, MD
Surgical Neuro-Oncology Fellow
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, Maryland
DONALD W. LEWIS, MD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology
Childrens Hospital of the Kings Daughters
Eastern Virginia Medical School
Norfolk, Virginia
LAWRENCE M. LEVINE, MD
Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology and Pediatrics
Director, Pediatric Ophthalmology
STEVEN L. LINDER, MD
University of Texas Health Science Center
Dallas, Texas
CHRIS N. LOFTIS, MS
Doctoral Student
MERYL D. LUALLIN, BA
Partner
Sullivan/LuAllin Inc.
San Diego, California
KENNETH J. MACK, MD, PhD
Senior Associate Consultant
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
DUANE L. MACGREGOR, MD, FRCPC
University of Toronto
Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
BERNARD L. MARIA, MD, MBA
Professor and Chairman, Department of Child Health
Pediatrician-in-Chief, University Childrens Hospital
University of Missouri School of Medicine
Columbia, Missouri
JOHN H. MENKES, MD
Professor Emeritus of Neurology and Pediatrics
University of California Los Angeles
Director Emeritus of Pediatric Neurology
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Los Angeles, California
LAURA R. MENT, MD
Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, Connecticut
JONATHAN W. MINK, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy
Pediatrics and Chief, Child Neurology
University of Rochester School of Medicine
Rochester, New York
JOHN L. MORIARITY Jr., MD
Assistant Chief of Service
Department of Neurosurgery
Baltimore, Maryland
SOLOMON L. MOSH, MD
Professor of Neurology
Neuroscience and Pediatrics
Vice-Chairman, Department of Neurology
Director of Pediatric Neurology
Director of Clinical Neurophysiology
Martin A. & Emily L. Fisher Fellow
Bronx, New York
DENISE K. MOSS, CPC
Psychiatry Practice Manager
University of Florida Physicians
University of Florida School of Medicine
TANYA K. MURPHY, MD
University of Florida Assistant Professor
Director of Child Anxiety and Tic Disorder Clinic
Medical Director of Autism Treatment and Evaluation Unit
vi / Contributors
SAKKUBAI NAIDU, MD
The Kennedy Krieger Institute
Baltimore, Maryland
ERIN M. NEARY, BS
Graduate Student
MATHEW NGUYEN, MD
Medical Director Outpatient Services
Shands at Vista
MICHAEL J. PAINTER, MD
Professor of Neurology in Pediatrics
Chief, Division of Child Neurology
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
JOHN M. PELLOCK, MD
Chairman, Division of Child Neurology
Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutics
Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Institute
Medical College of Virginia Hospitals
Virginia Commonwealth University Healthcare Systems
Richmond, Virginia
LINDA PFIFFNER, PhD
Assistant Professor in Residence
Department of Psychiatry
University of California
San Francisco, California
PAUL H. PHILLIPS, MD
Assistant Professor, Neuro-Ophthalmology, Pediatric
Ophthalmology, and Strabismus
Department Ophthalmology
Arkansas Childrens Hospital
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Little Rock, Arkansas
SCOTT W. POWERS, PhD
Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Psychology
Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio
RONALD G. QUISLING, MD
Professor of Radiology
Director of Inventional Neurology
Gainsville, Florida
MOBEEN H. RATHORE, MD, FAAP
Professor and Assistant Chairman
Department of Pediatrics Chief
Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology
University of Florida Health Science Center
Jacksonville, Florida
KATHLEEN M. REILLY, PHARM. D.
Education Coordinator, Pharmacy Services
Shands at the University of Florida
Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
University of Florida College of Pharmacy
MOBEEN H. RATHORE, MD, FAAP
Professor and Assistant Chairman
Department of Pediatrics Chief
Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology
University of Florida Health Science Center
Jacksonville, Florida
JONG M. RHO, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
University of California at Irvine
College of Medicine
Irvine, California
E. STEVE ROACH, MD
Helen & Robert S. Strauss Professor of Neurology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical School
Dallas, Texas
ROBERT S. RUST, MD
Thomas E. Worrall, Jr. Professor in Epileptology
and Neurology
Professor, Pediatric Neurology
Childrens Medical Center
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia
G. BRADLEY SCHAEFER, MD
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and
Rehabilitation
Omaha, Nebraska
MICHAEL SHEVELL, MD, CM, FRCPC
Associate Professor of Neurology, Neurosurgery,
and Pediatrics
Associate Member, Human Genetics
McGill University
Division of Pediatric Neurology
Montreal Childrens Hospital
SHOLOMO SHINNAR, MD, PhD
Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics
Director, Comprehensive Epilepsy Management Center
Monteore Medical Center
Bronx, New York
SUZANNE SKODA-SMITH, MD
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
Division of Immunology and Infectious Diseases
Contributors / vii
JOHN T. SLADKY, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology
Emory University School of Medicine
Chief of Neurology
Emory Childrens Center
Atlanta, Georgia
JOHN B.P. STEPHENSON, MA, DM, FRCP, Hon. FRCPCH
Visiting Professor and Consultant in Pediatric Neurology
Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit
Royal Hospital for Sick Children
Glasgow, United Kingdom
PHILLIP B. STORM, MD
Surgical Neuro-Oncology Fellow
Baltimore, Maryland
RAFAEL J. TAMARGO, MD, FACS
Director, Division of Neurosurgery
Associate Professor, Neurosurgery
Baltimore, Maryland
ANN HENDERSON TILTON, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics
Chief Section of Child Neurology
Louisiana State University Health Science Center
New Orleans, Louisiana
R. WILLIAM TRELOAR, RRA, MBA
Director of Clinical Resource Management
Shands Healthcare
MARGARET TREMWEL, MD, PhD
Chief Resident of Neurology
JIRI VAJSAR, MD, MSc, FRCPC
Director, Electrodiagnostic Medicine and
Neuromuscular Program
Staff Neurologist and Assistant Professor
The University of Toronto
Associate Scientist, The Research Institute
The Hospital for Sick Children
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
ROBERT C. VANNUCCI, MD
Division of Neurology
Pennsylvania State University
College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey
Medical Center
Hershey, Pennsylvania
WARREN W. WASIEWSKI, MD
Director of Mayday Pediatric Headache Center
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
JAMES W. WHELESS, MD
Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology
Director, Epilepsy Monitoring Unit
Memorial Hermann Childrens Hospital
Director, Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Program
University of Texas at Houston
Houston, Texas
PAUL S. WOLF, MD
Assistant Professor
Pediatric Neurology
Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
viii / Contributors
PREFACE
Current Management in Child Neurology aims to provide
busy practitioners with succinct standard-of-care reviews on
the evaluation and treatment of the most common neuro-
logic conditions. In many cases, this textbook will enable
pediatricians to independently manage febrile or rst unpro-
voked seizures, common migraine, attention decit hyperac-
tivity disorder (ADHD), and mild cerebral palsy. However, if
a child must be referred to the neurologist, then the infor-
mation contained in each chapter and in the Suggested
Readings can better prepare caregivers for the consultation.
Electronic copies of the chapters can be easily printed out
from the CD-ROM for trainees in clinics and on ward rota-
tions. Importantly, the chapters contain relevant website
addresses and other information on patient resources that
enable caregivers to do their homework about their childs
condition. I strongly encourage the distribution of the elec-
tronic copies of the chapters to caregivers because their edu-
cation and satisfaction are key success factors in the practice
of child neurology.
In the the years since the first edition was published, the
remarkable pace of medical discoveries and their applica-
tion to clinical practice has continued unabated. In fact, I
often wonder how it will be possible to keep up, given the
strong driving forces of subspecialization within the field
of child neurology. The second edition of Current
Management in Child Neurology builds on the success of
the first by offering succinct reviews from a whole new set
of experts, Suggested Readings, and a listing of Patient
Resources. The book is designed to supplement standard
textbooks that provide detailed information on etiology,
pathogenesis, and therapeutic controversies in Child
Neurology. The CD-ROM will now enable immediate link
capability to websites and access to the National Library of
Medicine for the very latest information. Thus, for the first
time, we can ensure that the information will stay current
until the next edition.
In the rst section of the book, Clinical Practice Trends,
new chapters on the art of medicine and patient satisfaction,
practice management, and the Internet have been added. The
two chapters on common neurologic complaints and the
neurologic examination are excellent introductory chapters
for medical students, residents, and fellows. The second sec-
tion, The Ofce Visit, has been expanded to include a
broader array of conditions and a more comprehensive
review of available therapies. The tables on pharmacothera-
py for epilepsy, migraine, ADHD, and spasticity provided by
Dr. Kathleen Reilly are an extremely valuable addition to the
book. The third section, The Hospitalized Child, reviews
management of traumatic brain injury, infection, neurologic
injury to the preterm or term neonate, and other conditions
that account for most pediatric neurologic admissions.
When I rst envisioned the publication of a Current
Therapy book in Child Neurology, it was not clear that there
would be sufcient new information every three years to
make the effort worthwhile. I wish to express my sincere
appreciation to the authors for demonstrating how dynamic
the eld of child neurology has become. I would also like to
thank my superb editorial assistant Melanie Fridl Ross, MSJ,
ELS, and my dedicated research assistants Kimberly Kimmell
and Meadow Maze. Finally, I would like to recognize the
publisher, Brian Decker, for his support of Child Neurology
and for staying one step ahead of the competition in the
world of medical publishing.
Bernard L. Maria, MD, MBA
October, 2001
ix
To my wife Barbara and my son Alexander,
who continue to ll my life with wonder.
To my mother Margaret and my father Maurice
for helping me see that anything is possible.
CONTENTS
Preface ...............................................................................ix
SECTION 1. CLINICAL PRACTICE TRENDS
1. The Business of Health Services................................3
R. Horky
2. Excelling at the Art of Medicine .............................12
M.D. LuAllin
3. Secrets of Successful Practice Management ...........16
N.M. Giunta and D.K. Moss
4. Common Neurologic Complaints and
Conditions ...............................................................23
B.L. Maria and R.W. Treloar
5. The Neurologic Examination..................................28
P. Diadori and L. Carmant
6. Neurologic Complaints and Conditions in
Primary Care Pediatrics ..........................................35
T.B. Benton
7. Education of Medical Students, Pediatricians,
and Neurologists in Child Neurology ....................39
I.J. Butler
8. The Internet in Child Neurology............................44
K.J. Mack and S.M. Leber
SECTION 2. THE OFFICE VISIT
HEADACHE
9. Migraine in Children and Adolescents ...................53
W.W. Wasiewski
10. Migraine Variants and Mimics................................57
S.L. Linder
11. Chronic Daily Headache..........................................62
W.W. Wasiewski and J. Gladstein
12. Abortive Therapy for Migraine...............................65
A.D. Hershey and S.W. Powers
13. Preventive Therapy for Migraine ............................70
D.W. Lewis
14. Psychosocial Issues in Pediatric Headache .............78
D.W. Lewis and A.E. Lake III
15. Biofeedback for Childhood Migraine.....................83
S.W. Powers and A.D. Hershey
SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY
16. What is Epilepsy? .....................................................86
J. Aicardi
17. Febrile Seizures.........................................................90
P.S. Wolf and S. Shinnar
18. First Unprovoked Seizure ........................................96
J.S. Bluvstein and S.L. Mosh
19. Staring Spells ..........................................................100
J.M. Rho and J. Kuratani
20. Partial Seizures .......................................................108
J.M. Pellock and M. Duchowny
21. Generalized Seizures ..............................................113
B.F.D. Bourgeois
22. First-Choice Antiepileptic Drugs ..........................122
J. M. Pellock
23. Infantile Spasms (Wests Syndrome) ....................134
L. Carmant
24. Recurrent Seizures .................................................138
J.W. Wheless
25. Discontinuing Antiepileptic Drugs.......................154
J.M. Rho
26. Nonepileptic Events Simulating Seizures
in Childhood..........................................................158
P. Cameld and C. Cameld
27. Ketogenic Diet........................................................164
L.W. Brown
xi
28. Epilepsy Surgery and Electrical Stimulation........168
M. Duchowny
NEUROBEHAVIORAL DISORDERS
29. Diagnostic Approaches and Assessment
of ADHD.............................................................173
P. Accardo
30. ADHD Comorbidity and Mimicry.......................179
J.H. Johnson and C. Loftis
31. Pharmacologic Treatment of ADHD....................184
L.W. Brown
32. Behavioral Management and Treatment
of ADHD ................................................................192
T.A. Blondis and L. Pffner
33. Individual Child and Family-Based Therapies
for ADHD...............................................................197
S.M. Eyberg, M.D. Dabbs, and E.M. Neary
34. Medical Management of Pervasive
Developmental Disorder .......................................200
C. Delahunty
SCHOOL READINESS
35. Is My Child Ready for School? ..............................206
D.L. MacGregor
36. Psychological Assessment: Interpreting Test
Results and Reports ...............................................210
E.B. Fennell and T.N. Dikel
37. Developmental Language Disorders .....................215
N.E. Hall
38. Learning Disability.................................................220
I.S. Baron
DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY
39. Diagnostic Approach to Developmental
Delay .......................................................................227
M. Shevell
40. Cerebral Palsy.........................................................232
J.E. Brunstrom and A.H. Tilton
41. Spasticity.................................................................237
T.S. Edgar
42. Degenerative Disorders..........................................245
E.H. Kolodny
43. Mitochondrial Cytopathies ...................................254
B.H. Cohen
44. Mental Retardation................................................261
J.B. Bodensteiner, C.R. Ellis, and G.B. Schaefer
45. Down Syndrome ....................................................273
W.I. Cohen
46. Rett Syndrome........................................................280
G.M. Bibat and S. Naidu
47. Inborn Errors of Metabolism................................285
L. de Meirleir
48. Autism....................................................................291
R.B. David and C.H. David
OTHER NEUROLOGIC COMPLAINTS AND CONDITIONS
49. Small, Large, or Abnormally Shaped Head ..........299
W. DeMyer
50. Tic Disorders ..........................................................305
J.W. Mink
51. Sleep Disturbances.................................................313
S. Kotagal
52. Breath-Holding Spells............................................321
W. DeMyer
53. Human Immunodeciency Virus 1 and
Acquired Immune Deciency Syndrome in
Infants and Children..............................................324
A.L. Belman
54. Bells Palsy...............................................................334
M. Tremwel and B.L. Maria
55. Management of Dizziness in Children.................338
L. Eviatar
56. Fainting and Syncope ............................................345
J.B.P. Stephenson
57. Hereditary Neuropathy..........................................352
T.S. Edgar
58. Muscular Dystrophy and Myopathy .....................360
R.S. Finkel
59. Neuromuscular Junction Disorders......................368
J. Vajsar
60. Ataxia, Clumsiness, and Tremor ...........................374
E.J. Boltshauser
61. Paroxysmal Movement Disorders in
Childhood...............................................................379
L.S. Dure IV
62. Visual System Problems.........................................383
L.M. Levine and M.T. Bhatti
63. Childhood Depression...........................................388
T.K. Murphy and M. Nguyen
64. Conversion Reaction..............................................395
W.G. Kronenberger and D.W. Dunn
65. Neurobromatosis .................................................400
B.R. Korf
66. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex .................................405
E.S. Roach
67. Sturge-Weber Syndrome .......................................411
B.L. Maria
68. Brainstem and Cerebellar Malformations ............416
B.L. Maria, K.N. Kimmel, and R.G. Quisling
xii / Contents
SECTION 3. THE HOSPITALIZED CHILD
69. Neonatal Seizures...................................................425
M.J. Painter and J. Alvin
70. Status Epilepticus ...................................................430
J.W. Wheless
71. Meningitis and Encephalitis ..................................435
M.H. Rathore and E.M. Ayoub
72. Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries
in Children .............................................................442
J.H. Menkes and R.C. Ellenbogen
73. Neonatal Hypotonia ..............................................455
C. Adams
74. Injury to the Preterm Brain...................................460
L.R. Ment
75. Injury to the Term Brain .......................................466
R.C. Vannucci
76. Altered States of Consciousness............................470
B.H. Cohen and J.C. Andrefsky
77. Increased Intracranial Pressure.............................481
A.M. Avellino and B.S. Carson Sr.
78. Evaluation and Management of Acute
Headache ...............................................................487
R.S. Rust
79. Brain Tumors .........................................................495
C. Kennedy
80. Pseudotumor Cerebri: Idiopathic Intracranial
Hypertension..........................................................503
P.H. Phillips
81. Central Nervous System
Vascular Malformations in Pediatric
Patients ...................................................................509
J.L. Moriarity Jr., P.B. Storm, and
R.J. Tamargo
82. Pediatric Intracranial Aneurysms .........................519
M.S. Lesniak and R.J. Tamargo
83. Cerebrovascular Disease ........................................525
F.J. Kirkham
84. Vasculitis.................................................................533
S. Skoda-Smith and L.H. Calabrese
85. Inammatory Demyelinating
Neuropathy.............................................................538
J.T. Sladky
86. Brain Death in Children........................................544
S. Ashwal
Index...............................................................................551
Contents / xiii
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF
MEDICINE LINKS
ADHD Language/Learning Disorders
Ataxia
Autism
Bell's Palsy
Brain Death
Brain Injury
Brain Tumors
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebrovascular Disease
Conversion Reaction
Depression
Down Syndrome
Epilepsy
HIV-1
Mental Retardation
Migraine
Muscular Dystrophy
Myopathy
Neurobromatosis
Rett Syndrome
Seizure
Sleep Disturbances
Spasticity
Tic Disorders
Tuberous Sclerosis
Visual System Problems

772980

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

772980

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SECOND EDITION

BERNARD L. MARIA, MD, MBA

You might also like