------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))

Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
Quiz 1
1. Identify the specific parameter that sound lever meters (SLM) measure
-SLM measures SPL (sound pressure level)
2. From your data, which site exhibited sounds with more components in the high frequency bands?
-
3. For a given similar sound source, which location would give a lower sound level reading; enclosed
space (ex. Classroom) or open space (ex. {Parking lot) Why?
-An open space would definitely provide a low level of sound because it can freely travel in space
while in an enclosed space, the travel of sound tends to reflect due to the modes of sound which
would give a higher sound level.
4. In your own words, why is it important to measure sound levels in the work place?
-It is important to measure sound level in the work place so that the noise level could be determined
if it is still acceptable to the human ear, If not, a compensation should be required and applied for
safety reasons.
5. At what range of frequencies does SLMs exhibit higher response?
-The lower the range of frequencies the higher response of the sound level meter.

Quiz 2
1. Based on your 2
nd
experiment, which direction exhibited the farthest reach for your assigned
stations signal?
-Sound is the direction that exhibited the farthest reach FOR OUR STATION SIGNAL BECAUSE
THE TERRAIN IT COVERED IS SEA WATER WHICH HAVE A VERY HIGH CONDUNCTIVITY.
2. What is the standard AM coverage field strength level as per KBP standards.
- Standard AM coverage field is 0 dBm as per KBP standards.
3. Explain why most AM broadcast transmitters are located away from its studios?
-Studios are located in Urban or City areas where the conductivity is very low which is why AM
broadcast stations are located away from its studios.
4. Explain why AM broadcast are not limited by obstructing terrain.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))
Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
-AM broadcast are not limited by obstructing terrain because they propagate GROUND WAVE signal
to the receivers. Knowing that ground wave will still travel even in tall terrains.
5. Explain why it is not advisable to put up an AM broadcast transmitter in Antipolo
It is not advisable to put up an AM broadcast transmitter in Antipolo because its terrain is
mountaneous which will have a high possibility of high attenuation. Moreover, it is not as accessible
compared to Manila and NCR. If from the transmitter location the signal is already attenuated then
how can it propagate in longer distances? It will no longer reach farther distances due to its terrain
type.
6. Based on your last activity, which direction exhibited the shortest reach of your stations signal?
Explain Why
- Based on our last activity, the blablabla exhibited the shortest reach of our AM station signal since
the terrain in that direction is mountaneous where in attenuation is very high. Through ricefields are
present mountains affects the range of the signal very much because of its high contribution in
attenuation.
7. Explain why at certain conditions, AM broadcast signals from Vietnam can be received in manila.
-Vietnam is somehow close to Philippines and the terrain in between is seawater which has the
highest conductivity. If the terrain is seawater, farther distance can be reached by the signal, since
Vietnam and Philippines has a seawater terrain in between, there are instances wherein the AM
broadcast signal from Vietnam can be received in manila.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))
Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
Quiz 3.
1. Identify the entity that formulated the protection ratios between AM broadcast stations in the
Philippines.
- -The KBP is the entity that formulated the protection ratios between AM broadcast
stations in our country while NTC adapted this standard.
- 2. What is the minimum separation of carriers for AM stations operating in a given service
area in Khz?
- -The minimum speration of carriers is 36 kHz for AM stations operating in a given area in
kilohertz.
- 3. Why is the protection for 2
nd
adjacent stations not as stringent as that for co-channel
stations?
- -It is because 2
nd
adjacent stations have a different frequency with the main station while
a co-channel station has the same frequency with the main station with different
frequencies between two stations is still acceptable even. If they are near to each other,
because AM receivers will still receive the information they want to hear unlike with a
station with same frequency and is near with the main station, there will be an
interference and listeners would barely hear their desired signal because another
unwanted signal is being transmitted at the same time.
- 4. Describe how interference between AM stations are observed/heard over AM radio
receivers.
- -The interference between AM stations are heard as overlapping signal over AM radio
receivers.
- 5. Why is it important that broadcast stations do not interfere with each other.
- - It is important that broadcast stations do not interfere with each other because the
information should be clear and appropriate for the listeners.
6. Why is it essential to ensure that broadcast stations do not interfere with each other?
- It is essential because the station must produce a clear signal. With interference, station signals will
produce noise making the station less clear to hear.
7. Explain why co channel stations have to maintain a 30 dB protection while 1
st
adjacent stations only
require 0 decibels.
-Because they are separated to avoid interfering each other. Co channels have same frequency that
makes it require 30 decibel protection Unlike adjacent stations that has 9kHz 18kHz frequency
distance it requires 0 decibels of protection
8. What contour is protected as per AM standards?
- 13 dB contour is protected as per AM standards.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))
Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
9. There are instances that stations are allowed to operate even if there are overlaps in their protection
contours.
-There are instances that stations are allowed to operate even if there are overlaps in their protection
contours because the overlapped area is not a place to live by a human being like sea water.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))
Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
Quiz 4
1. Explain why for the same grade of service, channel 5 is assigned a lower field strength compared
to channel 13.
-It is because since channel 5 has a low frequency, it is expected that is has a farther reach of
coverage despite having a lower field strength unlike channel 13 having a higher frequency,
therefore it has a shorter reach which is why it is assigned to a higher field strength to
compensate it.
2. What is the standard carrier separation between FM stations operating in the same service area
- 0.8 Mhz
3. Describe how co-channel interference in FM reception is observed on radio recievers
-because of capture effect, the co-channel interference is experience as in regards to FM reception,
there is process to receive the clearest signal by the radio receivers.
4. Why do we need to maintain a 1-channel gap for television stations operating in a given area?
-There are two existing different sidebands in TV. One for audio and one for picture. The main reason
for this gap of 1 channel is because to avoid interference of two different TV station and to maintain
the proper corresponding audio and video of a particular TV station.
5. What is the significance of the indicator F(50,50) found in the field intensity charts for FM and TV?
-The significance of the indicator F(50,50) that the chart was based on probability data gathered
where the results are true for at least 50% of receivers on at least 50% of time hence the indicator
F(50,50) on the field intensity chart.
6. Explain why co-channel TV stations located in Cabanatuan in nueva Ecija and Baler in Aurora are
allowed to operate with high powers even if they are only 71 km apart?
-Co-channel TV stations are allowed to operate with high power even if they are only 71 km apart
because Cabanatuan and Baler has a mountain range between them that is a big interference
between them that their signals wont affect each other
7. Indicate what is required to receive acceptable quality TV signals on the farthest points of the grade B
coverage?
-To receive acceptable quality TV signals on the farthest point at the grade B coverage 50% of the
receiver shall receive vierable quality at 50% at the time.
8. Explain why placing the outdoor antenna on higher positions would improve the television reception
particularly in Grade B areas.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))
Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
-Grade B areas are the farthest and almost near the boundary of the coverage area of a TV station
thus outdoor antennas must be placed on higher positions for improved reception.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))
Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
Quiz 5
1.Identify the cable television segment that allows CATV connections in a particular
neighborhood/barangay
-This cable television segment that allows CATV connections in a particular barangay is the
distribution cable.
2. Explain why cable companies limit their system CNR to a certain value.
Companies limit their system CNR to a certain value because whenever a signal enters an amplifier,
there is a loss and the signal becomes weaker as it pass through more and more amplifier. There is a
limit so that there will still be a clear and available video and sound signal.
3 When do you use a directional coupler? In cable television design.?
- We use a directional coupler in cable television design whenever there is a split on the
road where the other road has a dead end or have far less subscriber than the other road.
4. Determine the system carrier to noise ratio of the given trunk system on screen
Given output 38
Given gain 30 db
Given NF 8dB
Attenuation 0.8/100 db/ft
Total length 28000 ft
Solution
Length =(gain/attenuation) X .85
# of amps = (totallength/length) then round up then +1
CNR = 59.2 + 38 30 8 10log(#of amp)
5. Identify the section of the cable television system that brings the signal to the village/subdivision to
be served.
-Trunk network cable brings the signal to the village subdivision to be served
6. Explain why cable companies usually change the channels of the broadcast TV stations they carry in
their system.
-Other cable companies change the channels of the broadcast TV stations they carry in their system to
avoid interference of signals of TV broadcasting station.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Compiled by Yours Truly Julius Sansano :))
Reviewer lng to a. wag gamitin sa cellphone at isesearch yung words. Hihihihihi
7. When do you use 3-way splitter in cable television design?
-you use 3-way splitter in cable television design in intersections in the streets.


Quiz 6
1. Identify the composite video signal component that ensures the retrace of the electron beam
- The blanking pulses is the composite video signals component that ensures the retrace of
the electron beam
2. What is the frame rate for commercial motion pictures
-25 frames per second
3. What is the general wave form shape of deflection signals
-Sawtooth waveform is the general waveform shape of deflection signals
4. What is the vertical retrace frequency in color television?
-59.94 Hz is the vertical retrace frequency in color television
5. Why does TV receivers need the synchronization signals in the reproduction of video signals
-Synchronization signals in tv receiver is needed in the reproduction of video signals to synchronize
transmitter and receiver scanning. It has horizontal and vertical sync pulse and their amplitude are
kept the same but their duration are not the same. They are needed consecutively and not
simultaneously with a picture signal.
6. What is the standard number of lines in a TV field?
-625 lines
7. What is the frame rate for commercial motion pictures
-The frame rate for commercial motion picture is 24 Hz