20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240

250 260 270 280 290 300

DRY BULB TEMPERATURE - F
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
280
300
320
340
360
380
400
9
0
9
5
1
0
0
1
0
5
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
0
1
2
5
1
3
0
1
3
5
1
4
0
5
1
0
1
5
2
0
2
5
3
0
3
5
4
0
4
5
5
0
5
5
6
0
6
5
7
0
7
5
8
0
8
5
E
N
T
H
A
L
P
Y

-

B
T
U

P
E
R

P
O
U
N
D

O
F

D
R
Y

A
I
R
S
A
T
U
R
A
T
I
O
N

T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E

-

F
2
0
3
0
30
4
0
40
5
0
50
6
0
60
7
0
70
8
0
80
9
0
90
1
0
0
100
1
1
0
W
E
T
B
U
L
B
T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E
-

F
1
5
%
2
5
%
2%
4
%
6
%
8
%
10%
RELATIVE HUM
IDITY 2
0
%
3
0
%
4
0
%
5
0
%
6
0
%
7
0
%
8
0
%
9
0
%
1
3
.
0
1
4
.
0
1
5
.
0

S
P
E
C
I
F
I
C

V
O
L
U
M
E

f
t

/
l
b

O
F

D
R
Y

A
I
R
1
6
.
0
1
7
.
0
1
8
.
0
1
9
.
0
R
I
A

Y
R
D

F
O

D
N
U
O
P

R
E
P

E
R
U
T
S
I
O
M

F
O

S
N
I
A
R
G

-

O
I
T
A
R

Y
T
I
D
I
M
U
H
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
Linric Company Psychrometric Chart, www.linric.com
.2
.4
.6
.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
V
A
P
O
R

P
R
E
S
S
U
R
E

-

I
N
C
H
E
S

O
F

M
E
R
C
U
R
Y
-40
0
10
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
D
E
W

P
O
I
N
T

-

F
HIGH TEMP
BR0009-00
WATER VAPOR
7,000 grains = 1 lb. of water
1 gallon water = 8.3 lbs.
FUEL-ENERGY CONVERSION
1 kW electricity = 3,412 BTU/hr
1 Ft
3
natural gas = 1,000 BTU
1 gallon #2 fuel oil = 140,000 BTU
1 gallon propane = 91,600 BTU
1 gallon propane = 35.97 ft
3
propane
1 therm = 100,000 BTU/hr
1 kCal/hr = 3.968 BTU/hr
Hp (air) = SCFM *P (in. H
2
O) /
(6,350 * Eff.)
Hp (water) = GPM *P (ft. H
2
O) /
(3,960 * Eff.)
SENSIBLE HEATING/COOLING
BTU/hr = lb/hr * Cp * T
BTU/hr = SCFM * 1.08 * T
(Assumes Cp = .24 and density = .075 lb/ft
3
)
BTU/hr = 500 * GPM * T
BTU/hr = 4.5 * SCFM * h (Total Energy)
BTU/hr = 4,840 * SCFM * HR
(Latent Energy)
12,000 BTUs = 1 ton
Tons = 24 * GPM * T (water)
FLOW CONVERSION
SCFM = lb/hr / 4.5
SCFM = ACFM * [530/(460 + T)]
ACFM = SCFM * [(460 + T)/530] (sea level)
Altitude Correction Factor:
[(1 - (0.003566*Alt) / 518.69)^5.26]
(Alt = altitude in feet)
ACFM = SCFM*[(460 + T) / 530] / [(1 -
(0.003566*Alt) / 518.69)^5.26]
Nm3/hr = Normal m3/hr = m3/hr measured
at 0C
SCFM = Nm3/hr * 0.634
PRESSURES
27.7 inches W.C. = 1 psi
1 bar = 14.5 psi
1 inch W.C. = 25.4 mm W.C.
THERMAL MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Material
Density
(lb / in3)
Coeff of Thermal
Expansion
(in / in-F)
Thermal
Conductivity
(BTU / hr - in -
Ft2 - F)
1100
Aluminum
0.1 13 x 10
-6
1536
Carbon Steel 0.29 7.7 x 10
-6
456
304
Stainless Steel
0.29 10 x 10
-6
105.6
AMBIENT PRESSURE AT ALTITUDE
P (psia) = 14.696* [1 - (6.8754* 10
-6
*
Alt)]
5.2559
PAYBACK
Yearly savings = MMBTU/hr saved* Yearly
hours of operation* Cost of Fuel ($/MMBTU)
Simple payback = equipment cost /
yearly savings
HEAT EXCHANGER EFFECTIVENESS
% = T2-T1
T3-T1
T1 = cold gas inlet
T2 = cold gas outlet
T3 = hot gas inlet
T4 = hot gas outlet
Valid with equal ows or when cold ow is
the smallest
STACK FRICTION LOSS
Friction Loss (in W.C.)/100 ft. of stack =
[(0.109136* q
1.9)
] / [D
5.02
]
D = stack diameter in inches
q = Air ow rate in CFM (cubic feet
per minute)
Note: These formulae are for reference and estimation
purposes only. Assumptions have been made to
simplify formulae and conversions.
FORMULAS AND CONVERSION FACTORS