MCU

13


1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13


(1)
(1)

Transcendental
Functions
Functions

MCU

13


(2)
(2)

x = log

bx = a

b>0
b>0b
b11xx
MCU

13


(3)
(3)

x = log

xxb
b

MCU

13


(4)
(4)
x = log

b a

bx = a

xxxx

xxb
baa

MCU

13


(5)
(5)
x = log

b a

bx = a

b
bxxaabx=a
=a
xx=logba
aalogbaaa>0
a>0

MCU

13


(6)
(6)

log

9 = 2

= 9

log

8 = 3

= 8

log

1 = 0

= 1

-2

= .01

log 10 .01 = - 2

10

log

20 3

20

log

e = 1

log

1 = 0

MCU

13

1
9


(7)
(7)

x
1:3 =11
:: x:

x=log3 11
MCU

13

10


(8)
(8)
2:107x =9
::77x

7x=log9
7

x=log9/7
MCU

13

11


(9)
(9)
3:4
3:4e5x =12
::

1122
44

4e5 x 12
=
4
4

5 x

e =3

55x=ln3

MCU

13

x=ln3/5
12


(10)
(10)
4:ln7x=50
::

log e7x = 50
7x=e50

x=e50 /7
MCU

13

13

1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

14


(1)

xxlogx
logx10
10

log x

10
MCU

13

=?

15


(2)
xx10
10

log x

10

MCU

13

xx

16


(3)
xx10
10
xxx>0
x>0

100 = 10

MCU

log(100)=

13

17


(4)

-3

.001= 10

MCU

log(.001)=

13

18


(5)

11log(1,000,000)=

??
(1)1,000,000

(2)6

(3)60

(4)600

MCU

13

19


(6)

log(1,000,000)= ?

(1)1,000,000

(2)6

(3)60

(4)600
(4)600

MCU

13

20


(7)

MCU

13

21


(8)

log(1,000,000)=?

MCU

log 106 = 6

106 = 1,000,000
13

22


(9)

22

log(1)= ?
??
(1)0

(2)1

(3)10

(4)100

MCU

13

23


(10)

log(1)= ?

(1)0

(2)1

(3)10

(4)100
(4)100

MCU

13

24


(11)
?

MCU

13

25


(12)

log(1)=?

MCU

log 100 = 0

100 = 1
13

26


(13)

1.log(104 /10-3) = [107 |1|10 |7 |70]

2.log(10n ) = [10n |n |10n |10 /n]
3.log(10- n ) = [- 10n |- n |- 10n |- 10/n]
MCU

13

27


(14)

1.log(104 /10-3) = [7]

2.log(10n ) = [n]
3.log(10- n ) = [- n]
MCU

13

28


(15)

MCU

13

29


(16)

aab
b

1.log(ab ) =[loga*logb|loga + logb|a*logb]

2.log(a /b) =[loga/logb|- b*loga|loga- logb]
3.log(an )= [n*loga|(loga)n |(loga)+ n]
MCU

13

30


(16)
33

1.log(ab ) =[loga+ logb]

2.log(a /b) =[loga- logb]

3.log(an )= [n*loga]
MCU

13

31


(17)
logx
logx

a =10loga
MCU

b= 10logb
13

32


(18)

ab = 10loga *10logb = 10[loga+logb]

MCU

13

33


(19)
log(10x)=x

log(ab)= log10log a+logb = loga+ logb

MCU

13

34


(20)

loga

a /b= 10

MCU

- logb

*10

13

[loga- logb]

= 10

35


(21)

log(a/b)= loga- logb

MCU

13

36


(22)

loga n

nloga

a = [10 ] = 10

MCU

13

37


(23)

log(a )= n*loga

MCU

13

38


(24)
10
10

2288log288
rrlogrxx

log rx

r
MCU

13

=x
39

1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

40

(1)

a>0
a>0aa1ay=x<==
<==>yy=logax(x>
0)
0)g(x)=logaxxaa

MCU

13

41

(2)
g(x)=logaxx(0,
)
R
R

ax
logaxx

log ax

logaa =a
MCU

13

= x(x> 0)
42

(3)

1.log28

MCU

1
2.log2
64

13

43

(4)
::

1.log28
1
2.log2
64
MCU

8=23

log28= 3

1
1
= - 6
log2
= 2- 6
64
64

13

44

(5)
::logaax=x
=x

1.log28

log28= log223 = 3

1
2.log2
64

1
log2
= log22- 6 = - 6
64

MCU

13

45

1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

46


(1)
a>0
a>0aa1x
yy

(1)log a1 = 0,log aa = 1
( 2)log axy = log ax + log ay
( 3)log a

x
= log ax - log ay
y

( 4)log axb = b log ax

log bx
( 5)log ax =
log ba
MCU

((b>0
b>0b
b1)
1)

13

47


(2)
log102=0.3010
2=0.3010log103=0.4771
3=0.4771

(1)log106

(2)log1016

16
(3)log10
3

(4)log2 3

MCU

13

48


(3)
(1)log106

= log 10 (2*3)

= log10 2 + log 103

= 0 .3010 + 0.4771
= 0 .7781
MCU

13

49


(4)
(2)log1016

= log

10

24

= 4log 10 2
= 4 *(0.3010 )
= 1 .2040
MCU

13

50


(5)
16
(3)log10
3

= log 10 16 - log 103

=1 .2040 - 0.4771
= 0 .7269
MCU

13

51


(6)
(4)log 23

log10 3
=
log 102

0 .4771
=
0.3010
4771
=
3010
MCU

13

52


(7)
(7)
10
10ee
10
10common
logarithm
logarithmlog10log
10
10ee
naturallogarithms
naturallogarithms
logeln

MCU

13

53


(8)
(8)

log10x
logx

MCU

13

54


(9)
(9)

logex
lnx

MCU

13

55


(10)

ln

ln x =

1
dt,
t

x > 0

MCU

13

56


(11)
(11)
f(x)=lnx(x>0)
x(x>0)

ln
ln
ln
ln

yy
yy=lnx

x
=e
=lnx
x
xx

MCU

13

57


(12)
(12)

y=lnx
x

y
1
2.7
7.4
0.4

MCU

13

0
1
2
1
58


(13)
(13)

f(x)=lnx

2
3

MCU

13

59


(14)
(14)
y=lnxxxxlnx

lim ln x =
x

MCU

13

60


(15)
(15)

((y=lnx
x=ey)

ln x

1. e = x
x
2. lne = x

MCU

x > 0
x

13

61


(16)
exlnxxy=x
y=exx

(0,1)

y=x

y=lnx

(1,0)

MCU

13

62


(17)

1. lnx
lnx

(1,0)
(1,0)
2.
2. limlnx= ,
x

MCU

lim+ lnx= -

x 0

13

63


(16)
exlnxxy=x
y=exx

(0,1)

y=x

y=lnx

(1,0)

MCU

13

64


(17)

1. lnx
lnx

(1,0)
(1,0)
2.
2. limlnx= ,
x

MCU

lim+ lnx= -

x 0

13

65


(16)
exlnxxy=x
y=exx

(0,1)

y=x

y=lnx

(1,0)

MCU

13

66


(17)

1. lnx
lnx

(1,0)
(1,0)
2.
2. limlnx= ,
x

MCU

lim+ lnx= -

x 0

13

67


(18)
lnxx
x
yy

(1)ln ex = eln x = x

( 2)ln1 = 0,ln e = 1

( 3)ln xy = ln x + ln y

x
( 4)ln = ln x - ln y
y

( 5)ln xb = b ln x

ln x
( 6)log ax =
ln a
((a>0
a>0aa1)

MCU

13

68


(19)
(19)
logee=1
=1
loge11=0
1=0
ln
ln

ln1=0
lne=1
MCU

13

69


(20)

2.ln(x 2 *2x)

1.lne

e (x +1)
3.ln
2x + 3
x

MCU

13

70


(21)

1.lne

ln ex = x,

MCU

13

ln e5 = 5

71


(22)
2.ln(x2 *2x)

= ln x2 + ln 2x

[[(3)]

= 2ln x + xln 2

[[(5)]
(5)]

MCU

13

72


(23)
e (x +1)
3.ln
2x + 3
x

= ln[ e

(x

+ 1) ] - ln
4

= ln e x + ln (x 2 + 1) - ln( 2 x + 3)
4

= x + 4 ln( x
MCU

1
+ 1) ln( 2 x + 3)
2
13

[[(3)]

2 x + 3
1
2

[[(4)]
(4)]
[[(1)
(1)

(5)
(5)]]
73


(24)

2 x

1.e =10
2 .ln x = - 0.5

MCU

13

74


(25)
2 x

1.e =10

[[]

ln e2 x = ln10
2 x = ln10
ln 10
x =
2
MCU

13

75


(26)
2 .ln x = - 0.5

[[]

eln x = e- 0.5
x = e- 0 .5

MCU

13

76

1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

77

(1)

((x>1)
y=1/t
2

x 2
1

x>1,lnx=R
x=R
MCU

13

78

(2)

(0<x<1)
y=1/t
2

0< x<1,lnx=R
R

MCU

13

79

(3)
lnxx
x>1
x>1y=1/t
y=1/t11xx
0<x<1
x<1

y=1/t
y=1/t

lnxxx>0
x>0lnxxx0
x0
00

MCU

13

80

(1)

((x>1)
y=1/t
2

x 2
1

x>1,lnx=R
x=R
MCU

13

81

(3)
lnxx
x>1
x>1y=1/t
y=1/t11xx
0<x<1
x<1

y=1/t
y=1/t

lnxxx>0
x>0lnxxx0
x0
00

MCU

13

82

(2)

(0<x<1)
y=1/t
2

0< x<1,lnx=R
R

MCU

13

83

(3)
lnxx
x>1
x>1y=1/t
y=1/t11xx
0<x<1
x<1

y=1/t
y=1/t

lnxxx>0
x>0lnxxx0
x0
00

MCU

13

84

(4)
elnx=xxx=elnx
d
(ln x )= 1
x
dx
d
dx

(ln

x )=

1
x

lnxx
x>0
d
dx
MCU

(ln

x )=
13

1
x

x>0
x>0
85

(5)
(5)
f(x)=lnxx

ln x

= x

d
(eln
dx

e
MCU

ln x

d
) = (x)
dx

d
(ln x)= 1
dx
13

86

(5)
(5)

d
1
(ln x)=
dx
x
MCU

13

x
0

87

(6)
ff''(x):

(1)f(x)=xln x
x
(2).f(x)=
1+ lnx
MCU

13

88

(7)
(7)
(1)f (x) = xln x

1
f ( x ) =
x ln x
2
f ( x ) =

d
1
( x ln x )
dx 2

1
1 1
= ( ) ln x +
x

2
2 x
1
=
(ln x + 1)
2
MCU

13

89

(8)
(8)
x
( 2). f (x) =
1 + ln x

f ( x ) =

d
x
(
)
dx 1 + ln x

d
x (1 + ln x ) - x

dx

dx
=
(1 + ln x )2
(1 + ln x ) - x (
=

MCU

(1 + ln x )2
13

1
)
x =

(1 +

ln x )

ln x
(1 + ln x )2
90

(9)
f(x)=lnx

d
d
ln[ g ( x )] =
dx
dx

f ( g ( x ))

f ( g ( x ))

d
g ( x )
dx

1
d
=
g ( x )
g ( x )dx

MCU

13

91

(10)
:
g(x)
g(x)g(x)0

d
1 d
ln[ g(x)] =
g(x)
dx
g(x) dx

MCU

13

92

(11)
ff''(x):
2

(1)f(x)=ln(5x + 3x+1)
2

(2)f (x)=ln[(3x+ 5) (4x+ 1) ]

MCU

13

93

(12)
(1)f (x) = ln(5x2 + 3x + 1)

f ( x ) =

5 x

d
ln( 5 x 2 + 3 x + 1)
dx

1
d
+ 3 x + 1 dx

(5 x 2

+ 3 x + 1)

10 x + 3
5 x 2 + 3 x + 1

MCU

13

94

(10)
:
g(x)
g(x)g(x)0

d
1 d
ln[ g(x)] =
g(x)
dx
g(x) dx

MCU

13

95

(13)
(2) f (x) = ln[( 3x + 5)2 (4x + 1)3]

= ln( 3 x + 5)2 + ln( 4 x + 1)3

= 2 ln( 3 x + 5) + 3 ln( 4 x + 1)

f ( x ) = 2

= 2

d
d
ln( 3 x + 5) + 3
ln( 4 x + 1)
dx
dx

1
d
1
d
(3 x + 5) + 3
(4 x + 1)
3 x + 5 dx
4 x + 1 dx
6
12
=
+
3 x + 5
4 x + 4

MCU

13

96

1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

97


(1)

MCU

13

98


(2)
(2)
ff''(x):
(x):

6x+ 7
(1)f(x)= 3
4
(x + 2)
x

(2)f(x)=x ,
MCU

x> 0
13

99


(3)
(3)
6x + 7
( 1) f (x) = 3
(x + 2)4

::
f ( x ) = ln

ln

= ln( 6 x + 7 )
=

6 x + 7
(x 3 + 2 )4
1
2

- ln( 3 x 3 + 2 )4

1
ln( 6 x + 7 ) - 4 ln( x 3 + 2 )
2

MCU

13

100


(4)

d
1 d
d
ln f ( x ) =
ln( 6 x + 7 ) - 4
ln( x 3 + 2 )
dx
2 dx
dx

f ( x )
1
6
3 x 2
=
- 4 3
f ( x )
2 6 x + 7
x + 2

6 x + 7
3
12 x 2
f ( x ) =
(
)
4
3
3
(x + 2 ) 6 x + 7 x + 2
MCU

13

101


(5)
( 2) f (x) = xx ,

x > 0

:
ln

f ( x ) = ln x x = x ln x

::
d
d
= ln f ( x ) =
( x ln x )
dx
dx
f ( x )
1
= ln x + x ( )
f ( x )
x
MCU

13

102


(6)

f ( x ) = x x (1 + ln x )

MCU

13

103


(7)

d
x r = rx
dx

r - 1

, r

f ( x ) = x r ,
ln

f ( x ) = ln x r = r ln x

MCU

13

104


(8)

d
ln
dx

f ( x ) = r

d
ln x
dx

f ( x )
1
= r
f ( x )
x

1
r

f ( x )= x r = rx
x

MCU

r - 1

13

105

1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

106

(1)

MCU

13

107

(2)
::
1
x dx = ln x + c
x
a
x
a
dx = ln a + c

MCU

13

108

(3)
1
x dx = ln x + c

g(x)=x

MCU

Dg (x)
D ln g(x) =
g(x)
1
D ln x =
x
13

109

(4)

1
\ dx = ln x + c
x

MCU

13

110

(5)
(5)
1:

2 x
0 2

x +1

u = x + 1,
du = 2 xdx ,
1
du = xdx
2

MCU

13

111

(6)

1
dx = ln x + c

x
1 5 1
= 1 du
2 u
1
5
= ln u 1
2
1
1
= ln(ln 5 - ln1) = ln 5
2
2

MCU

13

112

(7)
(7)
1
dx
2:
xln x

u = ln x,

1
du = dx
x

MCU

13

113

(8)

1
dx = ln x + c

x
1
= du
u
= ln u + c
= ln ln x + c

MCU

13

114

(9)
(9)
x2
3:
dx
x - 2

u = x - 2 ,

du = dx x = u + 2

MCU

13

115

(10)

(u + 2)2
=
du
u
u2 + 4u + 4
=
du
u

4
= ( u + 4 + )du
u
MCU

13

116

(11)

u 2
=
+ 4u + 4ln u + c
2

(x - 2)2
=
+ 4(x - 2) + 4ln x - 2 + c
2

MCU

13

117

(12)
(12)
10 x
dx
4:
x

u =
du =

MCU

x,
1

2 x

dx,

13

118

(13)

du =

1
2 x

2 du =

MCU

dx,

1
dx
x

x
a
x
a

dx = ln a + c

13

119

(14)

= 2 10u du

10u
= 2
+ c
ln10
x

210
=
+ c
ln10
MCU

13

120

(15)
(15)
3ln x
5:
dx
x

x
a
x
a

dx = ln a + c

= 3u du

MCU

13

121

(16)

3u
=
+ c
ln 3

3ln x
=
+ c
ln 3

MCU

13

122

MCU

13

123

MCU

13

124


1. TranscendentalFunctions
TranscendentalFunctions

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

MCU

13

125