Soal soal dibawah ini merupakan merupakan contoh penerapan dari konsep yang teah dijelaskan dalam

pertemuan ke 9 dan 10, baik substansi materi yang tertuang dalam e learning termo maupun saat
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EXAMPLE E5-1 An electric heater is used to raise the
temperature of 1000 L of water stored in a tank from 15
o
C to
70
o
C . Due to poor insulation, 18 MJ of heat is lost to the
atmosphere at 15
o
C . Using the SL (solid/liquid) model for
water, determine (a) the electrical work consumption in kW .
h, (b) the energetic efficiency, and (c) the entropy generation
in the heater's universe. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) -68.73 kW.h, (b) 92.7%, (c) 791 kJ/K Anim. E5-1 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-2 An aluminum block of mass 2000 kg cools
down from an initial temperature of 200
o
C to the atmospheric
temperature of 25
o
C. Determine the (a) heat transfer, (b)
entropy generated in the system's universe. (c) What-if-
Scenario: How would the answer in part (a) change if the
initial temperature were 800
o
C? Neglect KE and PE. [Manual
Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) -315 MJ, (b) 225.24 kJ/K, (c) -135 MJ Anim. E5-2 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-3 A 5 L piston-cylinder device contains steam at
a pressure of 200 kPa and a quality of 20%. Heat is
transferred from a TER at 1000 K until the volume doubles
(see Anim. 5.A.pConstHeating). No heat transfer occurs
between steam and the atmosphere, which is at 25
o
C and
100 kPa. Determine (a) the heat transfer, (b) work transfer,
(c) the entropy generation in the system's universe. [ Manual
Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 12.44 kJ, (b) 1kJ, (c) 0.0192 kJ/K Anim. E5-3 (click)

EXAMPLE E5-4 A piston cylinder device, shown in Fig. 5.18,
contains 0.2 m
3
of R-134a at -20
o
C and a quality of 20%. The
spring is linear and has a spring constant of 100 kN/m. The
refrigerant is heated until its temperature reaches 25
o
C. If
the cross-sectional area of the piston is 0.2 m
2
, determine (a)
the mass of the refrigerant, (b) the pressure when the piston
reaches the stops at a volume of 0.4 m
3
, (c) the final
pressure, and (d) the work and heat transfer during the
entire process. (d) the work and heat transfer during the
entire process. What-if-Scenario: (e) What would be the
heat transfer if the final temperature were 50
o
C? [Manual
Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 6.7 kg, (b)233.7 kPa, (c)374.4 kPa (d)36.74 kJ,1271.2 kJ,
(e)1406 kJ












Anim. E5-4 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-5 A 2 m
3
insulated rigid tank contains hydrogen
at the atmospheric conditions of 100 kPa and 20
0
C. A paddle
wheel transfers 100 kJ of shaft work into the systemand the
system reaches equilibrium after a few minutes. Determine
(a) the final temperature of the gas, and (b) entropy
generated in the system during the process. (c) What-if-
Scenario: What would be the entropy generation in the
system's universe if the tank were not insulated? [ Manual
Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: a) 352.5 K, (b) 0.31 kJ/K, (c) 0.34 kJ/K Anim. E5-5 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-6 An insulated piston-cylinder device contains
0.01 kg of steam at a pressure of 500 kPa, 400
o
C . The
steam expands in an internally reversible manner until it is
saturated. Determine (a) the pressure, and (b) temperature
of the steam at the end of the expansion process. Also
determine (c) the boundary work transfer. [Manual Solution]
[TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 27.92 kPa (b) 67.46
o
C (c) 4.92 kJ Anim. E5-6 (click)


EXAMPLE E5-7 A rigid tank with a volume of 0.1 m
3
contains
steam of quality 2% at a temperature of 25
o
C. A resistance
heater within the tank is turned on, which operates for 30
minutes drawing a current of 2 A from a 120-V source. At the
same time 50 kJ of heat is lost from the tank to the
atmosphere at 25
o
C. Determine the (a) final pressure, (b)
final temperature. (c) What-if-Scenario: How would the
answers change if the initial quality were 1%? [Manual Solution]
[TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 515.2 kPa, (b) 700.92
o
C, (c) 259.3 kPa, 128
o
C. Anim. E5-7 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-8 An insulated electrically heated teapot with a
power consumption rate of 1 kW contains 1 L of water at
25
o
C. (a) Determine the time it takes for the water to reach
the boiling point after the heater is turned on. (b) How much
longer should the heating be continued in order to completely
boil off the water? Assume the atmospheric pressure to be
100 kPa. (c) What-if-Scenario: How would the answers
change if the water were heated on top of a mountain where
the atmospheric pressure is 90 kPa? [Manual Solution] [TEST
Solution]

Answers: (a) 312 s, (b) 2258s, (c) 300 s, 2258 s Anim. E5-8 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-9 A handheld bicycle pump contains 50 cc of air
at 25
o
C and 100 kPa. The exit hole is blocked and the piston
is pressed until the pressure increases to 300 kPa. Determine
the work and heat transfer during the process if it is carried
out (a) very quickly, (b) very slowly, (c) at an intermediate
speed where a polytropic coefficient of n = 1.3 is applicable.
Assume perfect gas behavior for air. [Manual Solution] [TEST
Solution]

Answers: (a) -0.0046 kJ,-0.0046 kJ, (b) -0.0055 kJ, -0.0055kJ, (c) -0.0048 kJ,
-0.0012 kJ


EXAMPLE E5-10 A tank contains 1000 kg of propane at 8 MPa
and 25
o
C. If the atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa, determine
(a) The mass of propane that would flash into vapor if the
wall ruptures. (b) Calculate the explosive energy in the tank
in TNT equivalence by assuming the expansion process to be
isentropic. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 337 kg, (c) 7.57 kg TNT Figure E5-10



EXAMPLE E5-11 A 40 kg aluminum block at 100
o
C is dropped
into an insulated tank that contains an unknown mass of
liquid water at 20
o
C. After the thermal equilibrium is
established the temperature is measured as 22
o
C. Determine
(a) the mass of water, (b) the entropy generated in the
system's universe. (c) What-if-Scenario: How would the
answer in part (b) change if the temperature of the block
were 200
o
C? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 335.6 kg, (b) 1.1 kJ/K, (c) 4.104 kJ/K Anim. E5-11 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-12 Two 1 m
3
rigid tanks, A and B, contain R-
134a at a pressure of 300 kPa and 100 kPa respectively, and
are connected by a valve. The tanks are in thermal
equilibrium with the atmosphere which is at 25
o
C. The valve
is now opened and after a sufficient time, a uniform state at
25
o
C is formed. Determine (a) the final pressure, (b) heat
transfer, (c) entropy generated, and (d) What-if-Scenario:
How would the entropy generation change if the pressure of
the tank A is 500 kPa in the beginning? [Manual Solution] [TEST
Solution]

Answers: (a) 202.3 kPa, (b) 11.6 kJ, (c) 0.18 kJ/K, (d) 0.53 kJ/K Anim. E5-12 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-13 A well insulated rigid tank is partitioned into
two chambers (see Anim. 5.C.suddenExpansion), with
volumes 0.1 m
3
and 0.8 m
3
respectively. The smaller
chamber contains steam at 100 kPa and 50% quality while
the larger chamber is completely evacuated. The stop is
removed and steam is allowed to expand to the entire
volume of the tank. Determine the (a) change in
temperature, (b) entropy generated in the process. (c)
What-if-Scenario: What would be the temperature change
if steam could be treated as an ideal gas? [Manual Solution] [TEST
Solution]

Answers: (a) -52.14
o
C, (b) 0.0626 kJ/K Anim. E5-13 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-14 A 1 m
3
evacuated, insulated rigid tank is
being filled from a supply line carrying steam at 100 kPa and
400
o
C (see Anim. 5.E.charging). determine (a) the final
temperature, (b) entropy generated during the process.
Assume the atmospheric temperature to be 25
o
C and the
final pressure in the tank to be 100kPa. Use the PG model for
steam. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 894 K, (b) 0.129 kJ/kg K Anim. E5-14 (click)



EXAMPLE E5-15 A pressure cooker has a volume of 5 L and
an operating temperature of 120
o
C. Initially, one-half of the
volume is filled with liquid water and the rest with vapor.
Heat is supplied at a rate of 1 kW. Determine (a) the
operating pressure, (b) mass of the pressure regulator that
can be supported by a flow area of 10 mm
2
, and (c) time
required for all the liquid to completely vaporize. (d) What-
if-Scenario: How would the answer in part (c) change if the
operating pressure were same as the ambient pressure of
100 kPa? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 198.5 kPa, (b) 0.1 kg, (c) 1.44 h, (d) 1.50 h Figure E5-15



EXAMPLE E5-16 Heat is added to 1 m
3
rigid tank containing
steam at a rate of 1kW. Determine the rate of increase of (a)
temperature, and (b) pressure at an instant when the
pressure and temperature inside are 10 kPa and 200
o
C
respectively. Use the PG model for steam. [Manual Solution]
[TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 15.5 K/s, (b) 0.327 kPa/s, (c) 0.327 kPa/s Figure E5-16


EXAMPLE E5-17 A sub-compact car with a mass of 1000 kg
accelerates from rest to 100 km/h in 30 s on a road with an
upward slope of 10
o
. Determine (a) the additional power
requirement due to climbing and acceleration. [Manual Solution]

Answers: (a) 36.5 kW



EXAMPLE E5-18 A 1 m
3
insulated rigid tank is being filled
from a supply line carrying steam at 100 kPa and 400
o
C.
Determine the (a) rate of change of temperature, and (b)
pressure at an instant when the pressure and temperature
inside the tank are 50 kPa and 400
o
C respectively, and the
mass flow rate into the tank is 0.01 kg/s. Assume the steam
to behave as a perfect gas. (c) What-if-Scenario: How
would the answers change if the phase-change model were
used? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]

Answers: (a) 13.7 K/s, (b) 4.12 kPa/s Figure E5-18