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(CH2O)N, so if N= 3, = C3H6O3
When this happens its a condensation reaction so water removed [Gluc + Gluc = maltose] This is
enzymed and reversible
All mono saccharids and some disaccharides are reducing sugars. Reducton is gain of electrons,
so reducing sugars donate electrons to other subtances.
Benedict's Test: Add 2cm^3 of Benedict's solution + food sample to test tube. Heat gently boiling
tube for 5 minutes. Solution will appear GREEN ORANGE OR RED depending on how much
reduc. sugar is present. [Due to Cu2+ being reduced to Cu+ which forms Cu+O = red]
Keratin in hair/nails
Contain C,H,O + N
20 diff. amino acids. Single protein can contain 1000s of monomers in any order so no of diff
proteins is very big.
Amino acids join by condensation like carbohydrates to form a DI-PEPTIDE. Water is formed as
always. Peptide bond formed.
Fibrous = little or no tertiary structure + consist of long parralel polypeptide chains twisted into A-
helises. There may be H- bonds between these chains, and this makes these proteins very tough
and insoluble. They are used mainly for STRUCTURAL purposes. EG Keratin in hair, Collagen in
connective tissue.
Globular = complex 3ary + 4nary structure + are folded into SPHERICAL shapes therefore
GLOBULAR. Like enzymes + antibodies.
TEST FOR PROTEINS - Biuret test that detects peptide bonds - Place sample of soution to be
tested in a test tube and add an equal volume of NaOH [sodium hydroxide]. Add few drops of
Copper [II] Sulphate and mix gently. Purple = PROTEIN!