ABSTRACT/ SUMMARY

This experiment had been conducted to determine the amount of dissolved oxygen in a
water sample. This water sample had been collected from Taman Tasik Shah Alam. The method
comprises mainly three stages which are collection of water sample, stabilization of water
sample with Manganese Sulfate and Alkali Iodide- Azide reagent powder pillow and titration of
the sample with 0.200 N Sodium Thiosulfate cartridge and addition of starch indicator solution.
From this experiment, By using 300ml BOD bottle, the sample solution is added by manganous
sulphate, alkaline iodide-azide reagent powder pillow and sulfamic acid powder pillow. Then, the sample
is titrated by the sodium thiosulfate until the sample turn to pale yellow. Then, the sample is added by
starch and the titration is continued until the sample turn to colourless .The digit required for this
sample is 420 and the concentration of oxygen dissolved is 9.3 mg/L. For 60ml BOD bottle, the
sample is added by dissolved oxygen 1 reagent powder pillow, dissolved oxygen 2 reagent
powder pillow and dissolved oxygen 3 powder pillow. Then, the sample is titrated with sodium
thiosulfate until the sample will become colourless. The digit required for this titration is 78 and
the concentration of oxygen dissolved is 6.3mg/L. This experiment is conducted and completed
successfullly










INTRODUCTION

Relative measure of the amount of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium
is known as Oxygen saturation or dissolved oxygen (DO). It can be measure with a dissolved
oxygen probe such as an oxygen sensor or on optode in liquid media, usually water. Dissolve
oxygen is really important for the maintenance of healthy lakes and rivers. It is measure of the
ability of water to sustain in the aquatic life.
The raw water sample, treatment and chemical or biological process take place in the
distribution system influenced the dissolve oxygen in water . It is a good sign for the presence of
oxygen in water. Depletion of dissolved oxygen in water supplies can encourage the microbial
reduction of sulphate to sulphide and nitrate to nitrite and . Other than that, It can also increase
the concentration of ferrous iron in solution, with subsequent discoloration at the tap when the
water is aerated.
Hence the important step is analysis of dissolve oxygen in water because to ensure the
quantity of dissolve oxygen in water is suitable for living thing such as animals to live safety in
the water. It is also important to control the wastewater treatment process and control the water
pollution
There are two methods to measure the dissolved oxygen in water . The first method is by
using dissolve oxygen meter and the second method is modified winkler dissolved oxygen
determination
The easiest method is by using dissolved oxygen meter because it does not required any
calculation. A DO meter consists of a wire carrying electricity , a probe filled with potassium
chloride and covered with a semi-permeable membrane and two electrodes. When the probe is
placed in the water, the oxygen will pulls out of water and into the probe due to the potassium
chloride attract the oxygen . The semi-permeable membrane allows oxygen to pass into the probe
but does not allow water in. The meter measure the difference in current between the two
electrodes and use the difference to determine the amount of oxygen dissolve.
The second or last method is by modified dissolved oxygen determination. By doing this
method it requires the calculation to get the value of dissolve oxygen. Various chemicals are
added to the sample in this experiment. Then the PAO or sodium thiosulfate is titrated into the
sample. By using this equation it can be calculated the dissolved oxygen :



In healthy body of water like as a steam river or lake, the dissolved oxygen is about 8
parts per million (ppm). The minimum DO level is about 4 to 5 mg/L or ppm is needed for the
survival of aquatic life. The aquatic live need enough oxygen dissolved to growth and stay
healthy.
Nowadays the sources of oxygen demanding wastes such as feed lot, a paper milled or a
food processing plant is built near the river which is the habitat for the aquatic life. The facility
begins their operating and discharging wastes into the river. This will increase biological oxygen
demand and the chemical oxygen demand, therefore it can decrease the concentration of
dissolved oxygen in water
The waste is like a food to the some aerobic bacteria. As it going downstream, the
amount of population of bacteria will increase. Thus the oxygen from the water will remove as
higher population in bacteria, therefore it will make the water become less oxygen and can give
harm to the aquatic system life.
Beyond certain point, most of the waste will break down. As the river recovers oxygen
from the atmosphere and aquatic plants the concentration of dissolve oxygen rises. Thus,
dissolved oxygen test is basis for BOD test which is an important parameter to evaluate organic
population potential of the wastewater.


AIM/OBJECTIVES
1. To determine the dissolved oxygen that contained in a sample water.
2. To learn the specific sampling technique in determining the dissolved oxygen
concentration in a sample water.

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
1) 300mL BOD Bottle

Apparatus
1. 300mL BOD bottle with stopper
2. Scissors
3. 250mL Erlenmeyer flask
4. 250mL graduated cylinder
5. Deliver tube
6. Digital titrator

Materials
1. Alkaline Iodide-Azide Powder Pillow
2. Manganous Sulfate Powder Pillow
3. Starch Indicator Solution
4. 0.2000 N Sodium Thiosulphate Titration Catridge
5. Sulfamic Acid Powder Pillow






2) 60mL BOD Bottle
Apparatus
1. 60mL BOD bottle with stopper
2. Measuring cylinder
3. Scissors
4. Digital titrator
5. 250mL Erlenmeyer flask
6. Delivery tube
Materials
1. Dissolved Oxygen 1 Reagent Powder Pillow
2. Dissolved Oxygen 2 Reagent Pillow
3. Dissolved Oxygen 3 Reagent Powder Pillow
4. 0.2000 N Sodium Thiosulphate Titration Catridge











APPENDIX