SPECIFICATIONS FOR JET GROUTING FOR GROUND STABILIZATION

PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 INTRODUCTION
A. The process of creating soilcrete in place with stabilizing fluids delivered at high
velocity through nozzle(s) at the end of a monitor inserted in a borehole. The
soilcrete is created by rotating and lifting the monitor defined above at slow,
smooth, constant speeds, eroding the soil with fluid (water or grout slurry) and air,
and, if using water as the erosion media, tremie feeding an engineered grout slurry
through the base of the monitor to achieve more thorough mixing and a consistent
continuous geometry and quality. This section includes specifications for creating
soilcrete for ground stabilization for tunneling, seismic stabilization, and other
ground treatment.
B. In situ soil types !et "routing is typically very effective in cohesionless soil
(s) and cohesive soil of low plasticity. #ighly plastic soil requires
special consideration.
C. $pplications %oil stabilization, soil consolidation, bottom bracing for deep
trenches in soft soil, anchorages, sealing, underpinning and
excavation support, panel cutoff walls, impermeable shafts, tunnel
brea& ins and outs, and seismic stabilization.
1.02 INTENT
The intent of the !et "routing specified herein is to provide soil improvement within the
limits indicated on sheets '( and ') to achieve the required degree of improvement
detailed in section '.*+ of these specifications.
1.03 STANDARDS AND REFERENCES
A. The most recent version of the following testing methods may be employed
1. $%T, -./* or $$%#T0 ,)/ 1ortland -ement
2. $%T, 2.3''4** %tandard Test ,ethod for -ompressive %trength
of ,olded %oil4-ement -ylinders
3. $1I 5ecommended 1ractice .'64. %tandard 1rocedures for 7ield
Testing 8ater 6ased 2rilling 7luids
4. -I +''5 %lag -ement in -oncrete and ,ortar or -9)9499
%tandard %pecification for "round "ranulated 6last47urnace %lag for :se
in -oncrete and ,ortars
B. 5eference documents as provided to the grouting contractor shall include
1. This specification.
.
2. 1ro;ect drawings
a. <ngineer=s drawings, sheets '( and ')
b. <ngineer=s existing underground utilities plan in the wor& area.
c. "rout in;ection point layout, as detailed in the %ubmittals section ..*3
of these specifications.
3. 1ro;ect geotechnical report.
4. -ontract documents.
1.04 DEFINITIONS
A. ,onitor (ad;ust for single, double, and triple systems) $ single, double, or triple4
phase fluid drill pipe designed to deliver one to three elements of the !et "routing
process air, water, and grout. The monitor has one or more in;ection points. The
nozzle(s) in;ects fluid at high velocity into the soil to erode and mix it with
cementitious slurry. The cutting action of the fluids is enhanced by surrounding it
with a concentric collar of compressed air.
B. Field Quality Control Representative (FQCR) The individual given specific
inspection tas&s identified in this specification.

1.05 SCOPE OF WORK
A. The wor& shall consist of installation, monitoring and testing of !et "routing within
the limits indicated on sheets '( and ') to meet the acceptance criteria presented in
%ection '.*+ of these specifications.
B. In connection with the !et "routing program, as shown on the drawings, the !et
"routing contractor shall provide all labor, materials and equipment to accomplish
the following items of wor&
1. D!c! !" #$ca!%$& $' (%&'$(c%&) ba(* %& +%*!%&) c,#-(! *#ab*.
2. D!(.%& !" #$ca!%$& $' )($,! "$#* !$ a-$%/ a## !" +%*!%&) (%&'$(c%&)
ba(*.
3. D(%## )($,! "$#* !$ !" *$%# b#$0 !" b$!!$. $' c,#-(! a* %&/%ca!/ $&
*"!* 31 a&/ 32.
4. P('$(. !" 3! )($,! %& acc$(/a&c 0%!" !"%* *4c%'%ca!%$&.
5. Sa# !" )($,! "$#* %& acc$(/a&c 0%!" T5DOT *4c%'%ca!%$& %!. 4267
8C$&c(! S!(,c!,( R4a%(9.
C. It shall be the !et "routing contractor=s responsibility to determine and implement
the systems and criteria to ensure that specified improvement is achieved.
1.0: SUB;ITTALS
A. The following shall be submitted to the 0wner=s representative by the grouting
contractor with the bid documents:
+
1. $ list of at least five, previously completed pro;ects of similar scope and
purpose for approval by the 0wner=s representative. The list shall include a
description of the pro;ect, relative size, and contact person with phone
number.
B. The following shall be submitted to the 0wner=s representative by the grouting
contractor three (') wee&s prior to the start of the work:
1. 5esumes of the management, supervisory, and &ey personnel, for
approval by the 0wner=s representative.
2. $ ground movement monitoring plan, as detailed in section '.*' of
these specifications.
3. $ mix design for the pro;ect indicating sources and types of grout
materials, with volumetric proportions, and field test data from
previous pro;ects indicating compressive strength achieved. If the
grouting contractor intends to deviate from the material provided in
%ection +.*' of this specification, it shall submit, with the bid,
evidence of satisfactory use of the proposed material from past
pro;ects with similar soil conditions.
4. 8or& procedures, sequence, and control criteria (including
parameters for each stage).
5. $ general 8or& 1rocedures 1lan outlining the spacing, location, depth and
quantity of grout to achieve the specified criteria detailed in %ection '.*+ of
this specification. "rout hole locations shall be dimensionally referenced to
the contract drawings.
C. The following shall be submitted to the 0wner=s representative by the grouting
contractor during the work:
1. $ccurate daily records of all !et "routing locations, depths of
treatment, start and stop times, all ;etting parameters, and grout
in;ected for each location.
2. $ny change in the predetermined grouting program necessitated by a
change in the subsurface conditions.
1.01 <UALIT= ASSURANCE
A. The !et "routing program, shall be performed by a specialist grouting contractor
with at least ten continuous years of documented experience in !et "routing.
B. The grouting contractor shall provide experienced management, supervisory and
&ey personnel as required to implement the !et "routing program, as follows
1. The pro;ect manager shall have at least five years of continuous
experience in !et "routing, with at least the last two years in the full4
time employment of the grouting contractor.
2. The superintendent shall have at least five years of experience in !et
"routing.
'
3. $s detailed in %ection ..*3 of these specifications, the grouting
contractor shall provide
a. <vidence of previous !et "routing pro;ect experience.
b. <vidence of management, supervisory and &ey
personnel experience.
C. The 0wner=s representative will ensure that procedures and documentation
conform to these specifications.
PART 2 E<UIP;ENT AND ;ATERIALS
2.01 E<UIP;ENT
A. GENERAL>
1. $ll equipment used for drilling boreholes> lowering, raising and
rotating ;et monitors> mixing grout> supplying pressurized grout and
air4water to ;et monitors> and ;et monitors used to perform the
seepage barrier shall have proven performance records for use in !et
"routing wor&, as demonstrated by the information to be submitted
under $rticle ..*' herein.
2. %pare parts and equipment shall be available on site to maintain
!et "routing equipment in satisfactory operation condition at all
times during execution of the !et "routing wor&.
B. DRILLING E<UIP;ENT>
1. :se drilling equipment of a type and capacity suitable for drilling
required hole diameters and depths, and lowering, raising, and
rotating ;et grout monitors to the depths and at the rates required to
perform the wor& as shown on the -ontract 2rawings and as
specified herein.
C. JET GROUTING ;ONITORS>
1. :se !et "routing monitors as described in ..*..-.. having
capacity suitable for producing soilcrete columns in the wor& site
soil types identified in the "eotechnical 5eports, and of the size and
depth shown on the -ontract 2rawings and as specified herein.
D. GROUT ;I5ING AND INJECTION E<UIP;ENT>
1. :se grout mixers and holding tan&s, water tan&s, air
compressors, and pumps of sufficient capacity to ensure adequate
supply of grout, air, and water at required pressure to the !et
"routing monitors during a full wor& shift to produce grout columns
of the quality and dimensions necessary.
?
E. <UALIT= CONTRROL
1. #ave available acceptable soilcrete sampling devices to collect and cast samples
as required in section '.*'.
2.02 GROUT ;ATERIALS
A. The grout slurry may consist of any of the following materials
.. -ement, 1ortland, type I or II, $%T, -4./* or $$%#T0
,)/.
+. 7lyash -lass - or 7, $%T, -3.) or $$%#T0 ,+9/.
'. 1otable 8ater or approved other source shall be free of
deleterious materials that may adversely affect the grout.
?. $dditives as approved by the engineer.
PART III E5ECUTION
3.01 SITE E5A;INATION
A. 1rior to submitting a bid price for the !et "routing, the grouting contractor shall
conduct a site inspection.
B. If a building in distress is involved, a relevant building survey may be in order prior
to initiating wor&.
C. If underground utilities are anticipated, a thorough investigation may be necessary
to ensure location, condition, and protection requirements.
3.2 JET GROUTING
A. !et "routing shall be performed in accordance with the approved grout in;ection
area layout scheme to achieve the following acceptance criteria in the in situ soil
within the wor& area
1. @olume coverage of .**A of the quantity shown on the drawings.
2. %trength by wet samplingBcast molds to average ./* psi after +) day core
period. :p to /A of the test results may be less than this value
3. %trength by core sampling to average ./* psi after +) days core period. :p to
/A of the test results may be less than this value.
B. :se the same equipment, materials, and procedures as those
determined in the test program to give satisfactory results to perform
production !et "routing for underpinning and excavation support.
C. Install soilcrete columns, ensuring that continuous spoil return up the
borehole annulus is achieved during all wor&.
/
D. $t completion of daily !et "routing operations, thoroughly clean site
and dispose of all spoil debris, water, and spilled material. %poil
stoc&piling overnight is permitted prior to transfer to a
predetermined waste or fill location.
3.03 FIELD <UALIT= CONTROL
A. $ll !et "routing shall be performed under the inspection of the 7C-5.
B. ,onitoring and logging of !et "routing operations for both test areas and production
wor& shall be done by the 7C-5.
C. $ny ;et grout hole lost or damaged as the result of mechanical failure of equipment,
inadequacy of grout, air, or water supplies, or improper drilling or in;ection
procedures shall be bac&filled with cement grout and replaced by another hole,
drilled and in;ected by the -ontractor at no additional cost to the 0wner.
D. "rout in;ection and monitor rotation and extraction rates shall be sufficient to
produce grout columns meeting the diameter, depth, overlap, and material property
requirements specified herein.
E. 1roportion and in;ect grout mix so that the soilcrete column
produced meets the following requirements
1. -ement factor of soilcrete not less than +** &gBm
'
F. <quipment for mixing, holding, and pumping grout shall be in a
secure location and shall be operated to minimize spillage of
material. Do material will be allowed to enter storm drains or other
drainage courses.
G. $s detailed in section ..*3-, daily records shall be maintained by the grouting
contractor and submitted to the 0wner=s representative.
?. <nsure continuous spoil return during all !et "routing operations.
I. The grouting contractor will monitor nearby structures and utilities as follows
1.
3.04 TESTING AND INSPECTION
A. To evaluate the contractor=s proposed methods and the grout mix=s
ability to produce soilcrete columns meeting the depth, diameter,
overlapping and material property requirements shown and specified
herein, construct a test section of the ;et4grouted soilcrete
columnsBpanels in a location near the proposed !et "routing area and
approved by the <ngineer, prior to starting !et "routing production
wor& at the site. The effectiveness of the !et "routing will be verified
as follows
3
1. The 0wner may retain a soil testing firm or as& the !et "routing contractor to
perform the in situ testing as directed by the 0wner=s engineer. Test sections
will be performed before and during production wor&, as follows
a. Test section locations will be agreed upon by the (7C-5Bgrouting
contractor) within the treatment area. $ test section shall consist of a
single module comprised of at least three grout in;ection points. Tests
will be performed at the center of the module prior to and after
grouting. %pacing and diameter of elements shall be proposed by the
!et "routing contractor.
b. $ll testing to determine specification compliance will be
provided by an independent testing agency retained by the
0wner. 5egardless of the method selected, the same test
method shall be utilized both before and after the soil
improvement wor& in order to provide the most accurate
assessment of the degree of improvement obtained.
c. The method of installation of the test section shall comply
with %ection '.*+ of this specification and shall be performed
using the same grout line sizes, drilling and grouting
equipment and procedures as that to be used for production
wor&.
/. 1rior to commencement of production grouting, one (.) or two
(+) test columns shall be performed as necessary to confirm
the required geometry. If the pre4production test sections
indicate that the required ground improvement has not been
achieved, the grouting contractor shall revise the 8or&
procedure 1lan and re4test.
3.05 RESTRICTIONS
A. The 0wner or "eneral -ontractor or %pecialty -ontractor shall be responsible for
obtaining any %tate and municipal permits ( if required) and conforming to all %tate
and local regulations.
B. The owner will be responsible for the precise delineation of all above and below
ground utilities and obstructions.
C. The following shall also be listed within this section when applicable
1. <nvironmental restrictions.
2. 8or& boundaries.
3. #ours for construction.
(
PART 4 PA=;ENT
4.01 ;ET?OD OF PA=;ENT
A. Eayout of grout in;ection locations and installation under the -ontractor4
proposed grout in;ection point layout scheme, and any required secondary
grouting within the limits indicated as requiring !et "routing on sheets '(
and ') shall be lump sum.
B. -ementitious materials may be included in the above lump sum, or may be
priced per cy of grout in;ected.
C. ,obilization and demobilization shall be a separate lump sum item.
D. Testing may be priced as a lump sum or unit price based on the methods specified.
)