A Heritage of

Environmental Science Success

Protecting Earths Water, Air and Soil
for More than Half a Century
Believes that designing safety into our products is essential at
every stage of product development
Partners with the entire Company to provide products and services
that dont require the consumer to make choices between sustain-
ability and their needs for performance and value
Achieves excellence through inter-disciplinary collaboration that
provides environmental solutions which enable product, package,
manufacturing and go-to-market innovation

the Environmental
Community of
2 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success
The Environmental Science Community
at Procter & Gamble
P&G was one of the first companies in the world to actively study the
environmental impact of high-volume ingredients in consumer
products. Environmental safety is an integral part of product quality
that consumers expect.
What happens to ingredients in products like Tide

, Pantene

, or
Crest

after being used by a consumer? How much of these

ingredients pass into the environment? What impact, if any, do
these ingredients have on plants, animals, and bacteria?
These are just a few of the many questions that Procter &
Gambles Environmental Community asks before any of our
products go to market. Everything we produce must pass through
an Environmental Assessment process to ensure that consumers
never need to choose between safety, sustainability and their needs
for performance and value.
A Legacy of Environmental Safety
and Sustainability
P&Gs commitment to safety and sustainability is not new.
P&G has been working to protect the environment since the
1950s and has long been responsive to the consumer
desire for greener products. We have a long history of
sustainable innovation, spanning the development of
products, packaging, and raw materials. The Environmen-
tal Community is a long-standing contributor to these
efforts thanks to innovations in green chemistry, product
Life Cycle Analysis, and investigation of emerging and
future needs in environmental risk assessment.
Today, P&Gs environmental initiatives are supported by
more than 500 professional scientists worldwide. Each
one of us is dedicated to the same goal: making sure
every product we produce is safe for both our
consumers and the environment.
Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 3
Procter & Gamble has a long tradition of under-
standing how ingredients and products may
enter and impact the environment. In the early
1960s, the Environmental Water Quality Labora-
tory was established to research the effects of
phosphates and cleaning agents from detergents
in lakes and rivers. The EWQL developed new
methods to support the emerging science of
environmental safety assessment. Toxicity testing
of algae, small aquatic animals and fish and new
methods to identify the biodegradability of
chemicals had their earliest roots in this depart-
ment. A track record of developing new test
methods and safety assessment approaches by
cooperating with leading academic, government
and other industry scientists are all part of this
tradition. The result? Sustainable development
of chemicals with improved environmental
profiles, safe use, and new tools for environmen-
tal scientists globally.
Early Beginnings
4 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success
Environmental Science Today
The heart of the P&G Environmental Community is the Central Product Safety Department
with many other members present throughout the Business Units and other functions. Our
environmental scientists work closely with product developers, technologists, and colleagues
from every Business Unit to make sure that safety is an integral part of every stage of product
design and development.
In addition, CPS is active outside of P&G, collaborating with scientists at universities, world
governments, and industry associations to improve environmental science and safety world-
wide. P&G scientists routinely share their findings in scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed
scientific publications, and are recognized internationally for their expertise.
Key Elements of our Safety Commitment
Company-wide policies ensure product safety and sustainability
Pre-market, science-based assessments made of all ingredients. Compounds that fail to
meet environmental standards are not used
Rigorous control of production cycle, including raw material specifications, formulation
management, process and quality control
Safe operations that protect the life, health, and environment of employees and the
surrounding community
Full compliance with all applicable product safety, labeling, and regulatory requirements
(including transportation, waste management, and product disposal)
Transparency of communication. Safety and sustainability information is made freely
available to everyone
Collaboration and leadership in industry-wide safety and sustainability efforts
Health and environmental data recorded to confirm pre-market research and measure
improvements to health and environment
Ongoing assessments made of all processes to improve future products
DID YOU KNOW? The energy savings potential of Tide Coldwater
has been officially recognized by the US EPA
Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 5
Protecting Water, Air and Soil
From the average consumers perspective, the life cycle of a P&G product ends when it is
washed down a drain or tossed in the trash. Knowing what happens after disposal is one of
the most important priorities for P&Gs Environmental Science Community.
Long before any new product is released, our scientists are working to determine where
waste material will go into the environment, how much of it will reach each habitat, and how
long it will remain.
Environments of interest include:
Drain and flush disposal/wastewater treatment
Landfill
Soil and terrestrial
Surface water and sediment
Groundwater and drinking water
Atmosphere
Ingredients must be safe in relevant environmental compartments where they may
be disposed or occur
Assessment must be made for all relevant pathways
Evaluations are confirmed by environmental monitoring studies
6 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success
The Science of Environmental Risk Assessment
The objective of the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) is to demonstrate that our ingredients
and products are safe for the ecosystem. ERA is one of several tools used by P&G to evaluate
ingredients before and after being placed on the market.
Leave No Trace
The goal of Environmental Risk Assessment is to make sure that chemicals used in our products
will not harm the environment. To achieve this goal, it is essential to understand two things:
1. What is the potential hazard posed by a chemical or compound that could affect
organisms in the environment?
2. How much of this ingredient is expected to be present in the environment?
Simply put, the ERA ensures that the concentration of any ingredient that enters the
environment will be significantly lower than the concentration that could cause harm to
the environment.
The assessment begins with simple laboratory screening tests and progresses to increas-
ingly more realistic experiments based on actual use. Assessments are performed for every
disposal path, including wastewater, rivers, soil, sediment, ground and surface water, and
emissions into the air.
The ERA process does not end when a product is placed on the market. Scientists world-
wide continue to monitor the environment on an ongoing basis to confirm the outcome of
the risk assessment.
Our methodologies have evolved over the years, thanks to collaborative work with industry,
government, and academic scientists. Many of our methods have become standardized
and are now used by the scientific community worldwide.
DID YOU KNOW? P&G scientists worked with the
International Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development
to develop tests for environmental fate
Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 7
Over 50 Years
of Environmental Inititatives
Procter & Gamble has a long and proud history of developing
products that meet the needs of consumers all over the world. One
of these needs is the assurance that products, packaging, and mate-
rials associated with P&G products are safe for the environment. So
while P&G develops new and innovative products, a companion
effort to understand their characteristics in relevant environmental
conditions is also undertaken. Environmental science advances and
technology innovations led by P&G are highlighted here in the
context of significant global environmental events and products
with which they are associated.
8 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success
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European Commission publishes the
Chemicals White Paper, launching
the ambitious REACH legislation
EPA launches WaterSense
program to encourage water
efficiency; Al Gore presents
An Inconvenient Truth; Stern
Review on the Economics of
Climate Change released in
Great Britain
G8 leaders and representatives of 5
emerging economies sign the
Washington Declaration, proposing a
capandtrade system to encourage the
reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
First environmental
safety publication at
P&G measuring
surfactants in rivers
First environmental toxicology
studies to support Dreft, P&Gs
first synthetic laundry detergent
U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Act
Mauna Loa Observatory begins
monitoring of atmospheric
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) levels
World Wildlife Federation
(WWF) established in
Switzerland
Rachel Carsons
book Silent Spring
is published
U.S. National
Wildlife Refuge
System Act
U.S. National Trails
System Act and
Wild and Scenic
Rivers Act
First Earth Day, United
States Environmental
Protection Agency
(EPA) formed, U.S.
Resource Recovery Act
Greenpeace founded in
Vancouver, Canada;
International Institute for
Environment and
Development founded in
London
OPEC oil embargo against
the U.S.,
U.S. Endangered Species
Preservation Act; chemists
at University of California
begin studying the effect
of CFCs
(chlorofluorocarbons) on
the Earths atmosphere
U.S. Energy Policy and
Conservation Act
U.S. National
Environmental
Policy Act (NEPA),
is passed
U.S. Clean Air Act
U.S. Wilderness Act
Disposable diapers
introduced
P&G introduces enzymes
into laundry detergents
for superior stain removal
P&G position on
non-use of APE in
detergents was given
Switch to
biodegradable
anionic surfactant
LAS begins
Zeolite
introduced as a
phosphate
replacement
P&G reaches
$10 billion in
sales
P&G develops the
biodegradable
chelator, EDDS
Development of the first
biodegradable fabric
softeners for the U.S. and
European markets
Company-wide
Environmental Quality
Policy articulated
P&G moves to
elemental chlorine
free pulp for all
P&G paper
products
Formation of the P&G
Environmental Water
Quality Laboratory
Initiation of on-going
instream biological
monitoring program at
the Mehoopany Pulp and
Paper manufacturing
plant, one of the longest
running efforts in the U.S.
First manufacturing
plant environmental
audit
Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm,
Sweden; United Nations Environment Programme founded; Club
of Rome publishes Limits to Growth; U.S. Clean Water Act; Use of
DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl- Trichloroethane) banned in U.S.
Corporate
Environmental Safety
Department is
formed
Publication of the Sturm
Test, the forerunner of the
Ready Biodegradability Test
Algal toxicity test
incorporated into
P&G safety
assessments
P&G environmental
scientists enlist academia,
government and industry to
affirm tiered approach in
environmental safety in the
context of TSCA
P&G Environmental safety
organization formed in
Europe (Brussels)
Procedures to estimate
environmental concentrations of
consumer product ingredients
published by Holman of P&G
P&G is co-founding Charter
member of the Society of
Environmental Toxicology
and Chemistry
P&G publishes 10th
environmental safety
paper to support new
biodegradability test
methods
P&Gs 100th peer reviewed
environmental publication
Formation of the P&G
Safety and Regulatory
function separate from
product development
P&G Initiates the SETAC
Pre-Doctoral Fellowship which
has continuously supported
young scientists with over
$500,000 in scholarships
P&G Experimental
Stream Facility
begins operation
P&G commits $20
Million to assist the
development of U.S.
compost infrastructure
Along with other
scientists, defined
the new technical
field of Life Cycle
Analysis
Development of the
first branched
anionic surfactant
with a favorable
environmental
profile
Science-in-the-Box web
site is launched to relay
P&Gs detergent safety
and science information
publicly
2X compaction of
liquid and granular
detergents in U.S.
Pampers continues
to reduce product
weight, now
30% less
than in 1990
First P&G Annual Global
Environmental Report
Kobe Technical Center,
housing the Asian region
safety organization,
opens in Japan
P&G commits to
Sustainable Forestry for
sourcing pulp
Downy Single Rinse
introduced, saving
water in regions of
the world where this
is a priceless
commodity
Tide Coldwater and Ariel
Coolclean are introduced, saving
energy with the same
performance as the original
formulas
Conclusion to Dutch
Surfactant Program
establishing the safe
profile of the major
surfactants in the market
P&G named the
United Nations
World
Environment
Center Gold
Medal recipient
P&G
introduces its
first compact
detergent in
Europe and
Asia
P&G scientists lead
development of the
Geo-referenced Regional
Exposure Assessment tool
for European Rivers
P&G articulates principles
for Integrated Solid Waste
Management
P&G scientists receives the
Willem Rudolf Award from
the Water Environment
Federation on environmental
safety studies investigating
Olestra
P&G develops Japans first
environmental exposure
model for consumer
products
P&G scientists collaborate with Ohio
EPA to deliver a new tool for
ecoepidemiology demonstrating the full
suite of forces affecting stream health
P&Gs 500th peer
reviewed environmental
publication
P&Gs product safety
assessment functions are
centralized into the Central
Product Safety Department
P&G scientist receives
SETAC Roy F. Weston
Award for novel
atmospheric chemistry
research
P&G led the development
of guidelines to assess
flushable products which
were published by the
Water Environment
Research Foundation
P&G scientists contribute to
the adoption of the first
animal alternative reduction
method, the threshold
approach, adopted at
ECVAMand OECD
OECD adopts P&Gs
laboratory biodegradation
test series as a new
international standard
U.S. National Environmental
Education Act; European
Environmental Agency
established
Kyoto Protocol signed in
Kyoto, Japan Convention on
Long-Range
Transboundary Air
Pollution established
U.S. Emergency
Wetlands
Resources Act
EPA launches Energy Star
program to encourage
energy efficiency
United Nations Conference on
Environment and
Development (UNCED) held in
Rio de Janeiro
Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and
Liability Act (CERCLA), more
commonly known as the
Superfund, established in U.S.
First diagrammatic
representation
of tiered
environmental risk
assessment
Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer first signed
Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC)
formed
P&G scientist receives George Olmstead
Award from the American paper
Institute for contributions towards
understanding fish populations exposed
to manufacturing discharges
2-in-1 Pert Shampoo, reducing
packaging, water savings,
increasing convenience
Over 50 Years of
Environmental Initiatives
World
Around
The
Zeolite
Safety and
Regulatory
0
2
4
6
8
10
billion
in sales $
10
billion
in sales $
10

H
H H
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1956 1958 1961 1962 1963 1964 1966 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1983 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 9
Biodegradability Assessment
Over time, organic waste materials break down and are safely renewed by naturea process
known as biodegradation. Biodegradability is an important property of ingredients that enter the
environment. Scientists study each environment a product might enter in order to understand why
and how materials decompose. These environments include sewers, wastewater treatment plants,
landfills, rivers, soil and more. Understanding why and how materials may decompose minimizes
their entry into the environment in the first place.
Biodegradability of ingredients is evaluated with simple laboratory tests and more sophisticated
simulations if needed. Many of these tests, which are now widely used by other companies and
government scientists worldwide, were originally developed by experts working within P&G. This
includes the Ready Biodegradability Test and the newest (2008) OECD Wastewater Simulation Test
series.
Toxicology Assessment
Understanding the environmental effects of every substance we use is funda-
mental to the development of risk assessment and the management of chemi-
cals. This is especially critical during the development of new chemicals that
have not yet been used by the consumer.
When necessary, measurable environmental benefits can be achieved by
conducting toxicology studies with algae, invertebrates, and fish. The toxicol-
ogy lab can accommodate organisms from freshwater, marine and sediment
environments.
IIn addition, ongoing research is underway to minimize and even eliminate the
need for fish in toxicity testing without compromising consumer or environmental safety.
The Fish Embryo Toxicity Test and new cellular and subcellular-based assays for bioaccumulation
are among these.
Computer Modeling
P&G and its partners collect vast amounts of data on the physical and chemical
effects of ingredients used in consumer products. Computer models allow us
to predict the properties of similar chemicals for which data are not available.
These models also help prioritize and thus minimize testing.
The same data are also used to predict the concentrations of chemicals that
may occur in various ecosystems such as rivers, estuaries, soil and the air. This in
turn allows the safety of a proposed product to be assessed in detailat the local,
regional, national, and worldwide scaleprior to its release.
Flushability Assessment
P&Gs Flushability Lab is a unique facility created in 1993. Thousands of
products and prototypes have been tested here to evaluate compatibility with
waste disposal systems in Europe, North America, and Asia.
The Lab conducts extensive field and home-usage tests to determine each
products effect on toilets, drain lines, sewage pumps, septic tanks, and
aerated on-site systems, as well as municipal collection and treatment systems.
Products designed to be flushable are fully evaluated before they are placed on
the market.
10 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success
Life-Cycle Assessment
Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool used by P&G scientists to broadly understand
potential environmental burdens of products and services. This comprehensive process
monitors the use of resources, and energy (inputs) as well as production of greenhouse
gases, solid waste, eutrophication and summer smog (outputs) to determine a products
potential impact on the environment.
A typical product life cycle includes the following stages:
1. Production of raw materials and components
2. Manufacturing of a functional product
3. Use of the product
4. Treatment and disposal of residual waste, including packaging
5. Transportation between each of the above stages
All input and output factors
throughout the entire life cycle
are combined to evaluate how a
given product might affect the
ecosystem.
LCA in Action: Cold-Water Washing
After many years of conducting LCAs on our products, we realized that
we could reduce the energy associated environmental impact of the
laundering process by 60-80 percent. Our analysis showed that the vast
majority of energy consumed was used to heat the wash water (see figure below) in the
consumers home.
This conclusion led to the development of Tide Coldwater and Ariel Actif froid, both launched in
2005. These products provide the same performance consumers expect from P&G detergents at a
much lower temperature. The consumer sees
an immediate benefitsaving energy and its
associated costswhile actively contributing
to the protection of the environment.
Cold-water laundry detergent products are
now available throughout North America and
across Europe. Importantly, these and other
products are designed to provide the same
value as their less environmentally-friendly
counterparts. There is no tradeoff for the
consumer.
This LCA of hot-water laundering revealed that the
majority of the environmental burden comes from heating
the water. These findings led to the development of
products that reduce this burden by up to 80%.
DID YOU KNOW? P&G plants eco-efficiency has reached 95.6% in 2007
0
20
40
60
80
100
Supplier Manufacturer Packaging Transport Use Disposal
Energy (MJ)
CO2 (kg)
Solid Waste (kg)
Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 11
CAPABILITIES
12 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success
Wide-Ranging Expertise, All-Inclusive Protection
Procter & Gambles environmental commitment is one of the most comprehensive of any
company worldwide. Our staff of more than 500 Ph.D. scientists and professional researchers
must ensure that every product is safe for the environment and complies with all applicable
regulations worldwide.
To meet this commitment, the Central Product Safety team has experts in fields that are critical
to protecting the ecosystem, including:
Over the years, P&Gs interdisciplinary approach to environmental science has been instru-
mental in advancing consumer safety and the science of environmental risk assessment.
Key focus areas and achievements include:
The creation of internationally-accepted methods to understand the ultimate fate of chemi-
cals in consumer products in all ecosystems; and what effects, if any, they may cause
Reducingand in some cases eliminatingthe need for animal testing by developing
cellular and sub-cellular models to measure the buildup of potentially harmful substances
in living organisms (bioaccumulation)
The development of new test strategies and methods to replace, refine, or reduce the use
of fish in other forms of toxicity testing, without compromising the effectiveness of risk
assessments
A state-of-the-art flushability laboratory to help designers understand and assess the
transport of flushable products. Flushability methods pioneered by P&G are now used as
worldwide standards
Life-cycle assessment tools to guarantee the best environmental compatibility at every
stage, including product development, packaging, and transportation
Computer modeling tools that can predict environmental exposure to consumer product
ingredients and identify factors affecting the biological health of rivers and streams
Laboratory approaches to predict potential influences of products in the environment
worldwide before they are marketed
Analytical Measurement
Aquatic and Terrestrial Toxicology
Atmospheric Chemistry
Biochemistry
Biodegradability and Compostability
Bioaccumulation
Ecology
Environmental Engineering
Flushability
Life Cycle Assessment
Predictive Modeling
Risk Assessment
Wastewater Treatment
DID YOU KNOW? P&Gs risk assessment expertise helped in the development
of the original Japanese METI GHS risk assessment guidance
for all consumer products
Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 13
Giving Back
P&G is committed to advancing environmental science around the globe by providing financial
support, managing funds and research proposals, sharing the results of its scientific research,
conducting studies on behalf of other organizations, and by encouraging eco-friendly govern-
ment regulations worldwide. Many practices commonly used today by environmental scien-
tists around the globe were first developed at P&G.
The P&G environmental community regularly seeks collaboration with international scientists,
academia, government, industry partners and even competitors. In addition, P&Gs worldwide
reputation for environmental innovation has encouraged others interested in protecting the
environment to call upon our expertise for scientific and technical advice.
Representative Collaborations with
P&Gs Environmental Community
Organizations:
ACC
American Chemistry Council
Arlington, Virginia
AISE
International Association for Soaps, Detergents, and
Maintenance Products
Brussels, Belgium
CEFIC
European Chemical Industry Council
Brussels, Belgium
Colipa
European Cosmetics Association
Brussels, Belgium
Japan CRM
Japanese Research Institute of Science for Safety and
Sustainability
Tsukubu, Japan
ECVAM
European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods
Ispra, Italy
DEFRA
UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
London, England
ECETOC
European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals
Brussels, Belgium
EDANA
International association serving the nonwovens and related
industries
Brussels, Belgium
Environment Canada
Ottawa, Ontario
ERASM
European Risk Assessment and Management
Brussels, Belgium
Heidelberg University
Heidelberg, Germany
HESI
Health and Environmental Science Institute
Washington, DC
INRA
French National Institute for Agricultural Research
Paris, France
JSDA
Japan Soap and Detergent Association
Tokyo, Japan
Miami University
Oxford, Ohio
NIWA
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research
Christchurch, New Zealand
OECD
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Paris, France
Ohio EPA
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
Columbus, Ohio
RIVM
Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
Bilthoven, Netherlands
SETAC
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
Brussels, Belgium
Gulf Breeze, Florida
University of Bern
Bern, Switzerland
University of North Texas
Denton, Texas
University of Wales
Bangor, UK
USEPA
Cincinnati, Ohio
Gulf Breeze, Florida
WERF
Water Environment Research Foundation
Alexandria, Virginia
Wright State University
Dayton, Ohio
WWF
World Wildlife Fund
Washington, DC

14 Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success
Looking to the Future
At Procter & Gamble, its not enough for us to merely comply with existing environmental
regulations. Our philosophy is grounded in the belief that we should be a leader in our indus-
try, preserving and improving the environment for future generations.
Environmental progress is a never-ending journey that requires continuous effort and improve-
ment. For this reason, we never stop working to improve the environmental quality of our
products, packaging, and operations around the world.
P&Gs environmental community is working hard to create new innovations for the future,
including:
Partnering with P&G resources, customers, and consumers to provide technical solutions
to new sustainability questions
Understanding the safety of new sustainably-sourced chemicals
Reducing, replacing, and if possible eliminating the use of animal testing without com-
promising safety to the consumer or the environment
Developing approaches to combine all sources of environmental safety information into
geographically integrated assessments for all forms of environmental stressors
Want to Learn More?
P&G believes strongly in transparent communication of its research for the benefit of global
science. Our environmental scientists have published nearly 800 peer-reviewed papers and
books since the late 1960smore than any other consumer product company. These publica-
tions cover a wide range of environmental topics, including the environmental fate of chemi-
cals, exposure, effects, chemistry, ecology, and the physiology of organisms.
To review a sampling of these landmark papers, or for additional information on P&Gs envi-
ronmental initiatives, we invite you to visit the following web sites:
www.scienceinthebox.com www.pg.com
www.pgperspectives.com
www.pgbeautyscience.com
http://www.pg.com/company/our_
commitment/product_safety.jhtml
www.greenguarantee.com/index.htp
DID YOU KNOW? P&G led the environmental assessment
of detergent alcohols used by the industry
Procter & Gamble, A Heritage of Environmental Science Success 15
DID YOU KNOW? P&G pioneered environmental auditing of
its manufacturing sites in the early 1970s
Corporate Headquarters
Procter & Gamble Company
One Procter & Gamble Plaza
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
Mailing address:
P.O. Box 599
Cincinnati, Ohio 45201
Visit our website at www.pg.com
2008 Procter & Gamble