Design of Solar Home System (SHS)

Table 1: Load profile of the SHS user

S.N Particular Quantity Power
(Watt
!aily operation
(Hours
1 "lectric la#p 1$ % !& ' ' '
$ "lectric la#p 1$ % !& ( $ '
( "lectric la#p 1$ % !& ' 1 ).(
' Tele*ision (L"! $$) % +& 1 ') ,
, laptop-co#puter $$) % +& 1 () (
. /ice coo0er 1$ % !& 1 ()) $1).,
2 /ice coo0er $$)% +& 1 ()) $1).,
The daily3re4uired electric ener5y for operatin5 all the de*ices for the #entioned nu#ber
of ti#e in the table 1 should be calculated by followin5 procedures.
"ner5y re4uired for electric la#p
"ner5y consu#ption for operatin5 each la#p is calculated by #ultiplyin5 the power
ratin5 (Watt of it by the ti#e of operation in hour.
"
L
6 P
L
H
L
where7
"
L
6 "ner5y consu#ption by the la#p (Watt3hours
P
L
6 Power ratin5 of the la#p (Watt
H
L
68 !aily operation ti#e of the la#p (hours
Si#ilarly7 ener5y consu#ed by all the la#ps is calculated and the total daily ener5y
consu#ed by all the la#ps is 5i*en by su##ation of all the ener5y consu#ption
"
L Total
6 "
L1
9 "
L$
9 "
L(

:or the la#ps 5i*en in the table 17 the total ener5y consu#ption for li5htin5 la#ps
beco#es7
"
L Total
6 (' ; 'W ; ' hours 9 (( ; $W ; ' hours 9 (' ; 1 ; ).( hour
6 .' Wh 9 $' Wh 9 1.$ Wh
6 <=.$ Wh.
"ner5y re4uired for L"! T%
"ner5y consu#ption for operatin5 T% is also calculated by usin5 the e;pressions si#ilar
to the ener5y consu#ption for operatin5 la#p.
"
T
6 P
T
H
T
where7
"
T
6 "ner5y consu#ption by the T% (Watt3hours
P
T
6 Power ratin5 of the T% (Watt
H
T
6 !aily operation ti#e of the T% (hours
"ner5y re4uired for operatin5 T% as per #entioned in the table 1 is 5i*en by usin5 the
e4uation ( as followin5.
"
T
6 ')Watt ; ,hours 6 $)) Watt3hour
"ner5y re4uired for laptop-co#puter
"ner5y re4uired for operatin5 laptop-co#puter is also calculated by usin5 the e;pressions
si#ilar to the ener5y consu#ption for operatin5 la#p.
"
&
6 P
&
H
&
where7
"
&
6 "ner5y consu#ption by the laptop-co#puter (Watt3hours
P
&
6 Power ratin5 of the laptop-co#puter (Watt
H
&
6 !aily operation ti#e of the laptop-co#puter hours
"ner5y re4uired for operatin5 laptop-co#puter as per #entioned in the table 1 is 5i*en
by usin5 the e4uation ' as followin5.
"
&
6 () Watt ; ( hours 6 =) Watt3hour
"ner5y re4uired for rice coo0er
"ner5y re4uired for operatin5 rice coo0er is also calculated by usin5 the e;pressions
si#ilar to the ener5y consu#ption for operatin5 la#p.
"
/
6 P
/
H
/
where7
"
/
6 "ner5y consu#ption by the rice coo0er (Watt3hours
P
/
6 Power ratin5 of the rice coo0er (Watt
H
/
6 !aily operation ti#e of the laptop-co#puter hours
"ner5y re4uired for operatin5 laptop-co#puter as per #entioned in the table 1 is 5i*en by
usin5 the e4uation , as followin5.
"
/
6 ()) Watt ; $ ; )., hours 9 ()) Watt ; $ ; )., 6 .)) Watt3hour
Now
Total !& load "
1
6 "
L Total
9 "
/1

6 <=.$ 9())
6 (<=.$ Watt hours
=.
Total +& load "
$
6 "
T
9 "
&
9 "
/$
6 $)) 9 =) 9 ())
6 ,=) Watt hours
!& e4ui*alent of +& load 6 ,=)-).=6 .,,.,. Watt hours (ta0in5 in*erter efficiency 6 =)
>
Hence total daily load "6 (<=.$ 9 .,,.,,
6 1)''.2. watt hours
6 1),) Watt hours (say
Load in a#pere hours + 6 1),)-1$
6 <2., +h

Selection of Solar P% #odule
The current to be 5enerated by the solar array is 5i*en by usin5 the followin5 e4uation.

Where7
?
array
6 current 5enerated by solar #odule (+#pere
" 6 re4uired total ener5y (Watt Hour
H
P
6 pea0 sun (hours
@* 6 battery *olta5e (%olt
Aenerally 1$ % battery is used in the solar ho#e syste#7 so use @
%
6 1$% in the abo*e
e4uation.
1),) Watt3hours
1=.'' +#pere
'., Hours ; 1$%
M
I = =
1$)W #odel of +stropower with ?#p 6 2.1 +7 1..= % was selected
Hence Nu#ber of array in parallel 6 ?
array
- ?#p
6 1=.''-2.1 6 $.2(<6( nos
Since the syste# *olta5e is other than #odule *olta5e7 so no of #odule to be
connected in
Syste# *olta5e
Series 6 333333333333333333 6 1$-1..=61nos
Bodule *olta5e
Total no of #odules 6 (C163nos
P v
E
Iarray
H x B
=
Selection of @attery
Selection of battery consists of deter#inin5 the capacity of battery (+#pere3hour7
*olta5e of battery (%olt and type of battery (Drdinary battery or !eep &ycle battery.
&apacity of the battery is 5i*en by usin5 the followin5 e;pression7
A B
xN
E
C
% @
@ ; !D! ;
=
where7
&
@
6 battery capacity (+#pere3hour or +h
" 6 daily ener5y consu#ption (Wh
E
@
6 battery char5in5 efficiency (nor#ally ).< to ).=,
@
%
6 battery *olta5e (%olt
N
+
6 nu#ber of days to be operated without sunshine
(+utono#y !ays
!D! 6 !epth of !ischar5e
Now considerin5 N
+
6 ( day7 E
@
6 ).< and !D! 6 <)> (or ).< 7the capacity of battery7
we 5et
1),)Wh ; ( days
'1).1,. +h
).< ; ).< ; 1$
C
V
= =
That is we need to select battery with the capacity of '$) +h 7 1$ %
1))+h (.@&1.),-(7 1$% deep cycle batteries are selected.
To #eet the re4uired capacity no of batteries are to be connected in parallel
6 '$)- 1))
6 , nos
Selection of &har5e &ontroller
&har5e controller should be able to with stand short circuit current (?
S&
of the #odule
and #a;i#u# battery to load current (?
L #a;
. Load current can be calculated by usin5
followin5 e4uation7
where7
?
L #a;
6 #a;i#u# battery to load current (+#pere
@
%
6 solar ener5y storin5 battery *olta5e (%olt
=<
V
T
L
B
P
I #a; =
P
T
6 Total power (Watt
P
T
6 ' ; ' watt 9 ( ; $watt 9 ' ; 1 watt 9 1 ; ') watt 9 1 ; () watt 9$ ; ()) watt
6 .=. watt
and #a;i#u# load current is 5i*en by
#a;
.=. watt
,< +
1$ %
T
L
V
P
I
B
= = =
Aenerally the char5e controller should be selected whose current bearin5 capacity should
be two ti#es that of ?
L #a;
and ?
S&
. The *olta5e ratin5 of the char5e controller should be
sa#e as the operatin5 *olta5e of the solar ho#e syste#.
Selection of !&-+& ?n*erter


where7
P
in*erter
6 Power ratin5 of in*erter (%+
P
load
6 Load power (Watt
P: 6 Load Power factor
"fficiency 6 ?n*erter "fficiency
Ta0in5 power factor P: as ).< and efficiency is ta0en as ).<.
in*erter
(') () ())
,2<.1$, %+6,<) %+
).< ; ).<
Watt
P
+ +
= =
Selection of the wire siFe for solar ho#e syste#
Wire joining the solar modle and !harge !ontroller
%
? L ( . )

B

= "

where7
S 6 &ross Sectional +rea of wire (##
$

E##i!ien!y x P$
P
P
load
in*erter =
L 6 Len5th of wire Goinin5 solar #odule and char5e controller
(#eter
?
B
6 current flowin5 fro# solar #odule to char5e controller (+#pere
% 6 #a;i#u# allowed *olta5e drop percenta5e (,>
% indicates the *olta5e drop or *olta5e loss across the wire.
Ta0in5 L 6 ( #7 ?
B
6 ( ; 2.2+ 6$(.1 + and %6 (> then
$ $
).( ( $(.1
## ..=( ##
(
"

= =
'
$
d
"

=
or7

'S
d =

' ; ..=(
d

= 6 $.=2) ##
:or abo*e wire ha*in5 calculated wire dia#eter of $.=2) ##7
Wire joining !harge !ontroller and %attery
distance between the char5e controller and battery is 1 # and % 6 1 > then re4uired
wire siFe is 5i*en by7
$
).( ; 1 ; $(.1
..=( ##
1
m A
" = =
+nd siFe of wire 6 $.=2) ##
Here also the distance between the char5e controller and battery should be least as
possible for decreasin5 the loss across the wire.
Wire joining !harge !ontroller and jn!tion %ox&
:or calculatin5 the siFe of the wire Goinin5 the char5e controller and Gunction bo; ta0in5
the *alue of % ta0en as 1> and len5th of wire 6 1 #. The current is ta0en as the
#a;i#u# total load current flowin5 throu5h it.
).( 1 $(.1

1
"

= 6 ..=( ##
$
SiFe of wire 6 $.=2) ##
Wire joining jn!tion %ox and lam' ()&
1))
Ta0e % up to ,> in the e4uation 2.1.1$ for calculatin5 the siFe of the wire Goinin5 the
Gunction bo; and la#p.
Wire joining jn!tion %ox to )C s*it!h so!+et or inverter or TV ,Bla!+-White.(E&
Ta0e % less than ,> in the e4uation 2.1.1$ for calculatin5 the siFe of the wire Goinin5
the Gunction bo; to !& switch soc0et or in*erter or T% (@lac0-White.