ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVE OF

THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR USING

DISCRETE COMPONENTS
By :
MATHAN RAJ A/L SUPARMANIAM
FB10008
SUPERVISOR :
PM. DR. AJISMAN APEN
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Device
Used to control the
speed of electrical
motor.
Two
categories
Fixed or constant
speed drive.
Adjustable speed
drive.
Fixed
speed
drive
Comprises a
frictional VSD
controlled by
control system to
produce constant
output speed.
Mainly used
hydraulic systems,
heavy and
expensive.
Adjustable
speed drive

Allow precise speed
control of standard
induction motor and
result in significant
energy savings and
improved process
control using solid
state electronic
devices.
Speed
Drive
System
BACKGROUND OF STUDY contd
Earlier time
DC drive used as ASD because it is easy to control and
good dynamic response.
The drawbacks of DC drive are produce spark which can
damage the motor and limit by the commutator.
AC drive introduced but not easy to control and poor
dynamic or transient response.
Current time
After power electronic introduced, induction motor type
start to use advanced speed drive.
It is good in transient or dynamic response, less
maintenance, do not limited by commutator and highly
skilled.
BACKGROUND OF STUDY contd
Induction
Motor
Early days
Induction motor
drives supplied
by the SCR.
Currently,
control method
are scalar control
and vector
control.
Scalar method
control the
magnitude of the
chosen control
quantities.
Scalar control for
low cost and
simplicity.
Vector control is
more complex and
works with vector
quantities,
controlling the
desired values by
using space
phasors.
Vector control has
advantage on a
mathematical
abstraction.
ASD of
induction motor
using discrete
components is
more efficient
and easy to
handle.
BACKGROUND OF STUDY contd
Today, the control principle of ASD is still widely used v/f control and FOC
control for industrial based.

In future, Controller hardware may change towards ASICs or FPGA.

One thing should be considered that not all the load need precise control.



PROBLEM
STATEMENT
New generation ASDs,
industrial based control FOC
are really advanced,
complicated, high initial
cost, drive setup parameters
are complex and requires
special motor and skills in
most cases.
ASDs like many other solid-
state electronic device which
require special
troubleshooting knowledge
for operations and
maintenance personnel.

Not all the load needs
precise control such as
pump, fan and so on.
Need to design an ASD
which is more efficient, easy
to handle, simple, cheaper
and not so precise ASD
controller for three-phase
induction motor using
discrete components.
Adjust speed drive
of 3-phase
induction motor
using discrete
components.
Design and
implement efficient
PWM controller
using discrete
components
available in market
for 3-phase
induction motor.
OBJECTIVES
Generate 3-phase
signal control and
high frequency
signal carrier using
discrete
components.
PROJECT
SCOPE
Design and
implement high
efficient ASD for
3-phase induction
motor using PWM
controller.
Generate PWM
controller using
discrete
components.
Design and
implement PWM
control for ASD
of 3-phase
induction motor.
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE
REVIEW
ADJUSTABLE SPEED DRIVE DEVELOPMENT

Motor were
uncontrolled
and running
at constant
speeds.
Traditional
flow
control
system
Electronically
controlled and
control the
pump speed to
match the flow
requirement.
ASD-
based
flow
control
system
Source:
Ned Mohan, (2012)
Source:
Ned Mohan, (2012)
PWM CONTROLLER
Control
signal
Modulation
signal
Produce sine
wave that
determine
the width of
the pulses.
High
frequency
carrier signal
Triangular
signal
Produce
triangular
wave.
Source:
http://physics.tutorvista.com/
waves/modulation.html
3-PHASES INDUCTION MOTOR
Asynchronous motor
Consist of fixed stator
or frame, a three -
phase winding supplied
from the three-phase
mains and a turning
rotor.
There is no electrical
connection between the
stator (armature) and
rotor (field).
Source:
WEG,2012
VOLTAGE/FREQUENCY (V/F/) CONTROL OF
INDUCTION MOTOR
Voltage/Hertz (V/Hz) control which is equivalent to constant.
Simplest way for controlling induction machine.
A constant ratio between the voltage magnitude and frequency is maintained for
the optimal flux in the machine.
Source:
Haitham Abu-Rub, Atif Iqbal,
Jaroslaw Guzinski, (2012)
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
FLOW CHART OF SYSTEM
SYSTEM BLOCK DIAGRAM
ELECTRICAL PART
PWM signal wave generating circuit
1
Fabrication of
Three-phase sine wave generation circuit
Using TL074

2
This circuit produces a triangular waveform, V
tri
, with a
frequency of f
b
, which is given by :-



Fabrication of
Triangular wave generation circuit
Using TL082


3

Fabrication of
Comparator circuit
Using LM311


Gate Drive Optocoupler Circuit
Widely used in motor drive (IGBT)
applications because they provide
high output current and fast
switching speed.

Optocoupler used to galvanically
isolate the control circuits and
help protect against damage
caused by high voltages in DC
bus.

Optocoupler circuit
using EL4N25

Fabrication of
Optocoupler circuit
Using EL4N25
Fabrication of
Complete PWM generation circuit
Three-phase Inverter Bridge
It is built around mainly from two things:-

1) Driver circuit for IGBTs
2) IGBTs Bridge

The drive
signal should
have
amplitude of
10 volts 15
volts.
Floating
outputs to
drive the high
side switches.
Driver
Circuit
of IGBTs
Fabrication of
IGBT driver circuit
Using IR2130
The bridge inverter has six switches that are controlled from PWM
signals in order to generate three-phase AC output from DC bus.
Fabrication of
IGBT modules
THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
CIRCUIT
Output of the inverter is three phase of AC is
directly connected to the input of the IM to turn on
the motor. Y-connection is used at the IM part.

CHAPTER 4
RESULTS &
DISCUSSIONS
THREE-PHASE SINE WAVE
GENERATING CIRCUIT


Three-phase sine waveform
output (simulation)



Three-phase sine waveform
output

TRIANGULAR WAVE GENERATING
CIRCUIT


Triangular waveform output
(simulation)



Triangular waveform output

COMPARATOR CIRCUIT

Comparator output (simulation)



First PWM



Second PWM



Third PWM


COMPARATOR CIRCUIT

Comparator output



First PWM



Second PWM



Third PWM


All three PWM outputs
OPTOCOUPLER CIRCUIT
Optocoupler output
(Simulation)

First Output



Second Output



Third Output


OPTOCOUPLER CIRCUIT
Optocoupler output

First Output



Second Output



Third Output


Driver Circuit for IGBTs
Driver Circuit for IGBTs
outputs

First Output



Second Output



Third Output


Three-Phase Induction Motor Circuit
95.6
110.2
119.4
125.6
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
45 50 55 65
Relationship between RPM and Frequency
RPM
R
P
M

The reading of RPM with SPWM
and without SPWM shows that,
although the adjustable speed drive
for three-phase induction motor using
discrete components is not so precise
but still manages to run the induction
motor and the RPM with and without
SPWM is shows near value.
Hence, as we know not the entire
load needs precise control such as
pump, fan and this adjustable speed
drive using discrete components is
acceptable.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION &
RECOMMENDATIONS

Adjustable speed drive circuit using
only discrete components for three-
phase induction motor are simple, low
cost, easy maintenance, not so precise
and efficient to control three-phase
induction motor.

RESOMMENDATIONS
Future researches should be conduct by doing researches and development
(R&D) about every operational amplifier available in the electronic market
today.

Every circuit has to include with filter circuit.

An advance tachometer is highly recommended for faster results.

Etching technique can be used so as to eliminate the use of hard wire and the
time taken for the troubleshoot.

Different load also can be tested to replace the motor so as to increase the
application of the system.

GANN CHART