English Grammar Exercises

CONTENTS
EXERCISE 1:PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 2:POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 4 :POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 5: POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS
EXERCISE 6: POSSESSIVE FORMS WITH "OF"
EXERCISE 7: REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 8: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS
EXERCISE 9 : NAMES OF COUNTRIES
EXERCISE 10 : NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES
EXERCISE 11: NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES AND LANGUAGES
EXERCISE 12: PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
EXERCISE 13 : PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS
EXERCISE 14 : JOBS AND PROFESSIONS
EXERCISE 15 : QUESTION WORDS
EXERCISE 16 : SOME/ANY
EXERCISE 17:SOME /ANY
EXERCISE 18: MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF/ LOTS OF
EXERCISE 19:HOW MUCH /HOW MANY
EXERCISE 20 : HOW MUCH / HOW MANY
EXERCISE 21 : A FEW/A LITTLE
EXERCISE 22 :FEW/A FEW/LITTLE/A LITTLE
EXERCISE 23. INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A /AN)
EXERCISE 24: DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)
EXERCISE 25:DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)
EXERCISE 27: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A / AN / THE)
EXERCISE 28: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A/AN/THE)
EXERCISE 29 :ANOTHER /OTHER /OTHERS
EXERCISE 30: ONE/ONES
EXERCISE 31: ELSE
EXERCISE 32 :ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS OF MANNER

EXERCISE 33: COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
EXERCISE 34 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
EXERCISE 35:COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS
EXERCISE 36 : SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
EXERCISE 37: COMPARATIVES / SUPERLATIVES
EXERCISE 38 COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
EXERCISE 39: COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS
EXERCISE 40: IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS
EXERCISE 41: IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE FORMS
EXERCISE 43 : DIFFERENT COMPARATIVE /SUPERLATIVE FORMS
EXERCISE 44 : COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF NOUNS
EXERCISE 45 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES (SIMILARITY)
EXERCISE 46 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS (SIMILARITY)
EXERCISE 47: COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
EXERCISE 48 :THE SAME + NOUN + AS
EXERCISE 49 : COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
EXERCISE 50 :PARALLEL COMPARATIVE (THE .... THE ...)
EXERCISE 52: COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
EXERCISE 53: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE)
EXERCISE 54 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE)
EXERCISE 55: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (HAVE GOT/ HAS GOT)
EXERCISE 56 :THE PRESENT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 57: THE PRESENT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 59 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 60 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
EXERCISE 62: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY)
EXERCISE 63 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY)
EXERCISE 64 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

EXERCISE 65: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 67: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)
EXERCISE 69 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 70: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
EXERCISE 72 : THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
EXERCISE 73: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
EXERCISE 74 THE PAST SIMPLE
EXERCISE 75 THE PAST SIMPLE (VERB: BE)
EXERCISE 76 : THE PAST SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 77 : THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
EXERCISE 78 :THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
EXERCISE 79 : THE PAST SIMPLE
EXERCISE 80: THE PAST SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 81 : THE PAST SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)
EXERCICE 82:THE PAST SIMPLE
EXERCISE 83: THE PAST SIMPLE
EXERCISE 84 THE PAST SIMPLE (PREFERENCE)
EXERCISE 85 THE PAST SIMPLE (USED TO)
EXERCISE 86 : THE PAST SIMPLE (ANSWERING QUESTIONS)
EXERCISE 87 : THE PAST CONTINUOUS (COMPLEX SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 88 : THE PAST CONTINUOUS
EXERCISE 89 :THE PAST CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
EXERCISE 90: THE PAST CONTINUOUS (CONJUNCTIONS)
EXERCISE 91 :THE PAST CONTINUOUS
EXERCISE 93: THE FUTURE SIMPLE (VERB: BE)
EXERCISE 94 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
EXERCISE 95 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE
EXERCISE 97 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE/BE GOING TO

EXERCISE 98 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)
EXERCISE 99 THE PRESENT PERFFECT SIMPLE (VERB: BE)
EXERCISE 101: THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 102 : THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 103 :THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 109 : THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
EXERCISE 111 :THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
EXERCISE 112 : THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)
EXERCISE 113 : THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 115 : THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
EXERCISE 116 : THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
EXERCISE 117: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 1)
EXERCISE 118 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE1)
EXERCISE 119 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2)
EXERCISE 122 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
EXERCISE 123 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES)
EXERCISE 125 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (UNLESS / IF ... NOT)
EXERCISE 126 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3)
EXERCISE 127 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3)
EXERCISE 129 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IN CASE)
EXERCISE 130 : GENERAL EXERCISES (THE AXULIARY VERBS)

EXERCISE 131 : GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES)
EXERCISE 132: GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES)
EXERCISE 135 : GENERAL EXERCISES (FINDING THE VERBS)
EXERCISE 137 : GENERAL EXERCISES (COMPLETION)
EXERCISE 138 : WISHES IN ENGLISH
EXERCISE 143 : THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES)
EXERCISE 145: THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES)
EXERCISE 146 : THE PASSIVE
EXERCISE 148 :THE PASSIVE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)
EXERCISE 149 :THE PASSIVE (UNIMPORTANT SUBJECT)
EXERCISE 150: THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS)
EXERCISE 151: THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS)
EXERCISE 152: THE PASSIVE (MIXED TENSES)
EXERCISE 153 : ACTIVE - PASSIVE
EXERCISE 154 : THE PASSIVE (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)
EXERCISE 155 : THE PASSIVE (THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS)
EXERCISE 157 : HE PASSIVE GERUND
EXERCISE 158 THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE)
EXERCISE 159 : THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE)
EXERCISE 160 :THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE)
EXERCISE 161 : THE PASSIVE (MIXED TYPES)
EXERCISE 162 : THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

EXERCISE 165: THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCES)
EXERCISE 169: GERUNDS/INFINITIVES (1)
EXERCISE 174 : GERUNDS
EXERCISE 176 : GERUNDS/INFINITIVES
EXERCISE 177 : PERFECT GERUNDS (ACTIVE / PASSIVE)
EXERCISE 178 : INFINITIVES
EXERCISE 181 : INFINITIVES (ENOUGH/TOO)
EXERCISE 182 : INFINITIVES (ENOUGH)
EXERCISE 183 : INFINITIVES (TOO)
EXERCISE 185: INFINITIVES (TOO)
EXERCISE 186: INFINITIVES (ENOUGH)
EXERCISE 187 : INFINITIVES (LET/ALLOW)
EXERCISE 188 : INFINITIVES (PREFERENCES)
EXERCISE 189 : INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE)
EXERCISE 190 :INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE)
EXERCISE 191 : PRESENT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
EXERCISE 195 :PRESENT PARTICIPLES
EXERCISE 196: PRESENT PARTICIPLES
EXERCISE 197: PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS)
EXERCISE 198 : PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS)
EXERCISE 199: RESENT/ PAST PARTICIPLE (AS ADJECTIVES)

EXERCISE 200: PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
EXERCISE 202 : PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
EXERCISE 203 : PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
EXERCISE 204 : PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS)
EXERCISE 205 : PRESENT/PAST PARTICIPLES
EXERCISE 206 :EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (SO/NEITHER)
EXERCISE 207 :EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (EITHER/NEITHER)
EXERCISE 208 : CHOICES OR ALTERNATIVE (EITHER ... OR)
EXERCISE 209 : NEITHER ... NOR
EXERCISE 210 : NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO
EXERCISE 211 : NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO
EXERCISE 212 : ASKING FOR PERMISSION
EXERCISE 213: MAKING SUGGESTIONS
EXERCISE 214: MAKING POLITE REQUESTS
EXERCISE 215: MAKING AN OFFER
EXERCISE 216 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE)
EXERCISE 217: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE)
EXERCISE 218 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (OBJECTIVE CASE)
EXERCISE 220 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (POSSESSIVE CASE)
EXERCISE 221 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
EXERCISE 223 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (PREPOSITIONS)
EXERCISE 225: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
EXERCISE 226 : NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
EXERCISE 227 : ELATIVE PRONOUNS / RELATIVE ADVERBS
EXERCISE 228 : RELATIVE-CLAUSES (MIXED TYPES)
EXERCISE 229 : REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
EXERCISE 230 :REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES
EXERCISE 233: ACTIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES)
EXERCISE 234 :ACTIVE CAUSATIVES
EXERCISE 235 : ACTIVE CAUSATIVES
EXERCISE 236: PASSIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES)
EXERCISE 237: PASSIVE CAUSATIVES
EXERCISE 238 : PASSIVE CAUSATIVES
EXERCISE 240 : CAUSATIVES (MIXED TYPES)
EXERCISE 241: REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT)

EXERCISE 242 : REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT)
EXERCISE 243 : REPORTED SPEECH (OTHER REPORTING VERBS)
EXERCISE 244 : REPORTED SPEECH (COMPLEX SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 247 : REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTION)
EXERCISE 249: REPORTED SPEECH (IMPERATIVE)
EXERCISE 250: REPORTED SPEECH (REQUEST)
EXERCISE 251: REPORTED SPEECH (MIXED TYPES)
EXERCISE 252 : REPORTED SPEECH
EXERCISE 256 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF CONCESSION
EXERCISE 258 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
EXERCISE 260: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
EXERCISE 262 : ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF RESULT
EXERCISE 268: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PROPORTION
EXERCISE 269 : NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 270: NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECTOR A SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 271 : NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECT OF A SENTENCE)
EXERCISE 274 : NOUN CLAUSES (COMPLEX SUBJECT)
EXERCISE 276 : CONJUCTIONS
EXERCISE 279 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
EXERCISE 281 THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
EXERCISE 282 :THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERB (USED TO)

EXERCISE 289: PREPOSITIONS (1)
EXERCISE 290 :PREPOSITIONS (2)
EXERCISE 293 : PREPOSITIONS (5)
EXERCISE 302 : TRANSFORMATION (1)
EXERCISE 306:WORD-FORMATION (1)
EXERCISE 307: WORD - FORMATION (2)
EXERCISE 308 : WORD - FORMATION (3)
EXERCISE 311: WORD -FORMATION (6) (PREFIXES)
EXERCISE 312 : WORD - FORMATION (7) (PREFIXES)
EXERCISE 313 :WORD - FORMATION (8) (PREFIXES)
EXERCISE1 : PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Subject Pronouns" or "Object Pronouns".
Subject Pronouns
Object Pronouns
Me
You
You
He
Him
She
Her
It
It
We
Us
They
Them
Example:
Mary doesn't love me, but.............................. love her very much.

Mary doesn't love me, but I love her very much.
She is not in love with ............................... but I am in love with....
She is not in love with me, but I am in love with her.
1. Mary has got a lot of books............................... is putting .............................. on the shelves.

2. The thief is trying to run away and the policeman is running after ................................
3. There is a girl sitting on the chair, and the nurse is looking after ................................
4. The boy is standing near the board and is writing the sentences on ................................
5. The children are eating apples............................... are eating .............................. in the garden.
6. The girl is in the ambulance and the doctor is taking.............................. to (the) hospital.
7. Jack is sitting in front of Helen. He is not sitting behind ................................
8. There are a lot of dogs in the garden, and my daughter is playing with ................................
9. The woman is taking the boy home............................... is carrying .............................. in her arms.
10. There are a lot of snakes on the farm, but I am not afraid of................................
11. The girl has a car but she cannot drive ............... because ............. doesn't have a driving licence.
12. She says that she is afraid of............................... because I have piercing looks.
13. She thinks that.............................. am not interested in Turkish music.
14. I am sitting next to Caroline........... are close friends and everybody is jealous of...............
15. The woman is very poor; therefore,.............................. is begging for money in the streets.
16. The birds are in the tree................ are singing happily and we are listening to ........................
17. She doesn't want to go out with..............................; she thinks that I am not handsome.
18. If you see Melissa, tell.............................. that.............................. love ................................
19. The girl is in bed. .............................. is sleeping like an angel.
20. My twin-brother looks like .......................... but I don't love .............................. very much.
21. Helena hates ............................. but I love .............................. very much.
22. The bus is at the bus-stop and the women are getting on ........................ with their children.
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Complete the following sentences with the Possessive Adjective or Possessive Pronoun
Possessive Adjectives
Possessive Pronouns
My
mine
Your
yours
His
his
Her
hers
Its
..
Our
ours
Their
theirs
Example: This is my friend, Maria. ....................husband is a teacher, (she)

This is my friend, Maria. Her husband is a teacher.
1. ......................... neighbour's house is bigger than. ................... (we)
2. Those are not............................. children. ...... ....
... are in the cinema now. (we)
3. .............................. teacher always confuses your name with ............................... (I)

4. My book is more interesting than...... ..................... I think, (you)
5. Rose wears ear-rings, but........................ ear-rings are more expensive than hers. (I)
6. The dog is eating a bone. .... .......... . teeth are very sharp. (it)
7. This pencil isn't............................; it is mine. (you)
8. I don't think that is ... .......... ....; .... ............. suitcase is green, (she)
9. The boys are riding on ........... .... ... bicycles in the street, (they)
10. We are listening to our teacher, not................................ (you)
11. Please pass these books to your friends. They are.......... ...... .. (they)
12. I always buy .............................. sister a box of chocolate at this supermarket. (I)
13. .. ...... .........umbrella is not black. It is blue. (I)
14. The man is going to the cinema wit. wife, (he)
15. These are Mr. and Mrs. Brown. That is ............................ house, (they)
16. There are some books on the desk, but they are not.......................... (we)
17. Is your brother a businessman? ............................ is a medical doctor. (I)
18. There is a car in front of the building. Is it ..... ..... ....? (you)
19. Look at that dog over there! .... ..... .....
eyes are blue, (it)
20. Zeynep's bag is very heavy, but............................ is very light. (I)

21. Our house is near the school, but ..... .....
..... house is not. (they)
22. He is my room-mate. ......... ....... name is Peter, (he)

23. My father is more successful than ......... ..... .... father, (she)
24. Don't bother to bring a camera; you can use .... ..... ....
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. (I)
EXERCISE 3
:POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS
Complete the following sentences with a "Subject Pronoun", "Object Pronoun" or "Possessive Adjective".
Subject Pronouns
1. I
Object Pronouns
me
my
2. you you
your
3. he
him
his
4. she her
her
5. it
it
its
6. we us
Example:
Possessive Adjectives
our
7. you you
your
8. they them
their
I love Julia, but................... doesn't love me. (she / her)

I love Julia, but she doesn't love me.
1. ................name is Anna Vissi, and..............come from Greece.

2. Everybody loves.................. (I / me / my)
3. My name is Anna Vissi, and I come from Greece. Everybody loves me.
4. My sister is a medical doctor and ............ works in Germany, but I don't know .............. phone
number.(she/her)
5. Can you help ................... with ................... homework? (I / me / my)
6. Mary writes to.................... but they don't write to her very often, (they /them / their)
7. ..................always spend ................... holidays in Spain with ................... friends, (we / us / our)
8. Melissa doesn't tell................... the truth, and ................... am very sorry for it. (I / me / my)
9. The teacher always asks ................... very difficult questions whenever ................... have an English
exam. (they / them / their)
10. ................... is my girlfriend.................... name is Silvia, but................... cannot speak Turkish very
well, (she / her)
11. The boys are riding ................... bicycles in the street, and ................... are very cheerful but I cannot
see ...................faces very well, (they / them / their)
12. Helen is going to school with................... boyfriend today.................... school is a long way from
here, (she / her)
13. The teacher is looking at.................... but................... are not listening to her, because ...................
friend is telling................... a funny story, (we / us / our)
14. ................... are taking................... children to the zoo in the afternoon, aren't...................?
(they / them / their)
15. ................... is very beautiful. I think I am in love with....................but................... father doesn't let
me go out with.................... (she/her)
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16. I always help Melissa, but she never helps ................... with ................... homework. She thinks
that................... am very lazy. (I / me / my)
17. I have got two children, and I love ................... very much, but................... don't love me so much.
a. (they / them / their)
18. I don't like ................... because ................... is very selfish, but I like ................... sister, (she / her)
EXERCISE 4 :POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

Complete the following sentences with one of the words on the list below.
a) I
you
he
b) me
you
him
her
it
us
them
c) my
your
his
her
its
our
their
his
hers
ours
theirs
d) mine yours
Example:
she
it
we
they
Tell the children to bring ............................ friends to the party.

Tell the students to bring their friends to the party.
1. You can borrow.......................... camera if you haven't got one. I dont need ... .... ...... ...
2. He always tells................. what the problem is and I always help ...... .... ...... ..with
3. I always see Jane and Marry at the comer, but............................ never greet.......................
4. Your car is here but I can't find Do you know where ............................ car is?
5. If your girlfriend is in Istanbul, why don't you bring ................ to the party?
6. My sister and I both have sports car; her car is red and ......... ............ is black.
7. If anyone arrives late, tell.......................... not to enter the room without my permission.
8. Our children want to go camping this summer; what about........................ children?
9. I know Sharon very well....... ..... .... is a very good friend of.. ..... ...... ...
10. Helen is very rich. ............................ collection of coins is extremely valuable.
11. I have got a cat.... .... ..... .... name is Cancan, and I love ............................ very much.
12. ............................ am looking for my book everywhere, but I can't find .............................
13. My father knows Mar}' very well, and that's why he doesn't trust ........ ...
14. Where are your seats? I am looking for ............................ but I can't find
15. Whoever is at the door, tell. .... .... .... I am not in.
16. She is trying to frighten............................. bull I am not afraid of..... ....... ...
anymore.
17. She is crying because the teacher is very angry with .... .. ............
18. Please take these books and give ......... to Helen, because ....... ......... belong to ..............
19. Her parents live in Istanbul, but...................... live in Kars and ..... ........ love...............
20. We don't love .............................. French teacher. Do you love... .... ....
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21. Their house is very comfortable, but mine is more comfortable than ....... ..... .
22. My suitcase is very heavy, but.... suitcase is heavier than ............................... Mary
23. It is not necessary for...............to buy the book. I can lend you ...... ......... I don't need ............
24. I forgot to bring my wallet with ..................... have you got.......................?
25. I always go to the cinema in. ......... ........ free time.
26. The cat has got a fish;................... is in mouth.
27. If.............................. don't pass the exam, will.............................. lake ...................... again, Rose?
28. There is an old lady with a dog on ....... knee and there are two men with pipes in ............ mouths.
29. I don't think that Helen is a reliable girl, so .................... never lend............................. any money.
30. He is such a rich man that..................... doesn't care how ..................spends ........ money.
EXERCISE 5: POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS

Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Forms" of Nouns with "Apostrophe" (...,'s) or (.....').
Example:
The doctor has a new car. The doctor's car is new.

The doctors have blue eyes. The doctors' eyes are blue.
The girl has a pretty dress
Donkeys have long ears
The girls have pretty dresses
Some dogs have short tails
The old man has white hair
These children have dirty faces
The old men have white hair
The fishermen have an old net
The cat has green eyes
The child has a new toy
The king has a beautiful palace
Some women have short hair
Melissa has a new bicycle
All the men have black hats
The lion has sharp teeth
The teachers have a beautiful staff-room
All the girls have new skirts for the festival
The man has a long beard
The teachers have a room on the third floor
An eagle has sharp eyes
The students have books on their desks
Elephants have strong memories
All the horses have white manes
The boy has a good intelligence quotient
The servants have a bedroom downstairs
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EXERCISE 6: POSSESSIVE FORMS WITH "OF"

Rewrite the following sentences using the "Possessive Form" with "OF".
Example:
The girl's name is Olga.
The name of the girl is Olga.
The teachers' room is upstairs.
The room of the teachers is upstairs.
1. John's brother is very clever
2. Mary's sisters are fond of classical music
3. Miranda's sister's name is Juliet
4. This woman's children go to kindergarten
5. The children's toys amuse them very much
6. I don't know Peter's telephone number
7. Tom's car is not very expensive
8. Madonna's mother is rolling in money
9. Muge's cat's name is Cancan
10. The boys bicycle is brand new
11. Janet loves Chopin's music very much
12. The dog's teeth are beginning to fall out
13. My grandfather's farm is quite large
14. My mother and father's friends are at home
15. Picasso's paintings seem strange to me
16. Mary and Jane's weddings are today
17. Mary says that she is Peter's cousin
18. Peter and Mary's children are very smart
19. Pasteur and Fleming's discoveries are very important:

20. My friend's dog is very clever
21. Your mother's hands are very large
22. Angela's sister is out of her mind
23. Julia's father is very old
24. The girls' skirts are very short
25. The students' teacher is very happy
26. We don't obey the captain's orders
27. The man's loyally to her is adorable
28. What do you think of Oya's latest novel?
29. We are talking about her husband's death
30. I got well again under the doctor's treatment :
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EXERCISE 7 : REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

Complete the following sentences with a proper "Reflexive Pronoun" on the list below.
myself
yourself
himself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Example:
Maria is buying.................... a new dress.
herself
itself
Maria is buying herself a new dress.

1. I always make ........................................... a sandwich for lunch.
2. Are you enjoying............................................ at the party, Hilary?
3. He says that he will kill........................................... if he cannot get married to Matilda.
4. Don't blame............................................ it is not your fault.
5. Lara is looking at........................................... in the mirror and admiring her beauty.
6. He is going to make ........................................... a cup of tea.
7. Different people enjoy........................................... in different ways.
8. The cat saw ........................................... in the mirror and got frightened.
9. Don't play with that sharp knife, you may cut.............................................
10. They are talking to ........................................... in the room.
11. We look after........................................... while our mother is away.
12. My brother cut........................................... with a razor while he was shaving yesterday.
13. Look at.......................................... in a mirror. You look very angry.
14. Take your coat off and make ........................................... comfortable.
15. Did you hurt........................................... when you fell down?
16. Mr. David introduced ........................................... to my father.
17. This photograph of mine is terrible. I cannot recognize.............................................
18. He bought some flowers for ........................................... yesterday evening.
19. Bring another key. The children have locked ........................................... in the garage.
20. Take a glass and pour........................................... a drink and join the party.
21. They buried ........................................... in their work.
22. Calm down a moment and control............................................ honey.
23. Whenever he gets sick, he always tries to cure ........................................... with medicines.
24. She is frightened of getting fat. She weighs ........................................... every morning.
25. She went down to the river and drowned.............................................
26. We are defending ........................................... against thieves.
27. He went berserk and shot.............................................
28. Those young girls call...........................................actresses
29. Nancy prides ........................................... on her cooking.
30. We enjoyed ........................................... at the party last night.
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EXERCISE 8: INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND ADVERBS

Complete each of the following sentences with a proper "Pronouns" and "Adverbs" on the list below.
PRONOUNS
ADVERBS
everybody
everything
everywhere
somebody
something
somewhere
anybody
anything
anywhere
nobody
nothing
nowhere
1- A: Is there... .... . .in the bottle?

B: No, there is ..... ..... .... .... .......... in the bottle, it is empty.
2 . A: Did... ........... ........... ....... come to your party last night?
B: I am sorry that.............................................. came to my party last night.
3. A: Would you like to live ................................................. by the Mediterranean?
B: Yes, I would like to live ........................ ....... by the Mediterranean because I love the sun.
4. A: Do you know ................................................. in Istanbul?
B: No, I don't know....... .... .............. ......... in Istanbul. I have just come here from abroad.
5. A: Did you see............ ......... ... ...in the summer-house the other day?
B: Yes, I saw ........................... ............ . in the summer-house the other day.
6. A: Can we use credit cards ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... these days?
B: Yes, we/you can use credit cards .......................................... these days
7. A: Does ..... .... ..... .................. like Britney Spears?
B: Yes,................................................. likes Britney Spears.
8. A: Did you look for your watch .............................................. in the house?
B: Yes, I looked for my watch.....................in the house, but I couldn't find it.............................
9. A: Did ................................................. answer the questions?
B: The questions were very difficult, so ............................................. could answer them.
10.A: Did you tell......... .............................. about the garden party?
B: Yes, I told.. . about the garden party.
11.A: Did your parents go ................................................. last month?
B: Yes, they went .... ... ......................... last month, but I cannot remember the name.
12A:................................................ is knocking at the door. Will you please answer it?
B: I think you are mistaken, because..................................... ... is knocking at the door now.
13.A: Do you like fishing?
B: Yes, I do, but I never catch...............................................
14.A: Do you know ........... ..... about the accident?
B: Sorry, I know ................................................ about the accident, but I think she knows.
15. A: Did you go........... .............. .... last summer? B: No, we stayed at home, we went.................
17
EXERCISE 9 : NAMES OF COUNTRIES

Complete the following sentences writing the names of the countries on the left.
Example: Ankara is the capital city of Turkey.
1. Rome...........................................................................................
Italy
2. London ........................................................................................
England
3. Athens .........................................................................................
Greece
4. Madrid.........................................................................................
Spain
5. Paris............................................................................................
France
6. Washington D.C..........................................................................
The United States of America
7. Lisbon..........................................................................................
Portugal
8. Cairo...........................................................................................
Egypt
9. Tokyo..........................................................................................
Japan
10. Warsaw........................................................................................
Poland
11. Moscow....................................................................................
The Soviet Federation
12. Brussels........................................................................................
Belgium
13. Buenos Aires................................................................................
Argentina
14. Brasilia.........................................................................................
Brazil
15. Ottawa.........................................................................................
Canada
16. Riyadh..........................................................................................
Saudi Arabia
17. Canberra......................................................................................
Australia
18. Damascus.....................................................................................
Syria
19. Peking..........................................................................................
The Republic of China
20. New Delhi....................................................................................
India
21. Manila........................................................................................
The Philippines
22. Osto.............................................................................................
Norway
23. Slockholm....................................................................................
Sweden
24. Edinburgh.....................................................................................
Scotland
25. Amsterdam....................................................................................
The Netherlands
26. Tbilisi..........................................................................................
Georgia
27. Beirut.................................................................................
The Lebanon
28. Dublin.........................................................................................
Ireland
29. Sofia..........................................................................................
Bulgaria
30. Baku............................................................................................
Azerbaijan
31. Baghdad.......................................................................................
Iraq
32. Tehran.........................................................................................
Iran
33. Prague.........................................................................................
The Czech Republic
18
EXERCISE 10 : NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES

Answer the following questions by writing the "Nationality Adjectives" for the countries in brackets.
Example:
A: What is your nationality? / What nationality are you? (Turkey)

B: I am Turkish.
A: Are you Canadian? (Syria)
B: No, I am not. I am Syrian.
1. A: Is Antonio Banderas Italian? (Spain)

B: No, ____________________________________________
2. A: What is your father's nationality? (Norway)
B:
____________________________________________
3. A: Are you German? (Iran)

B: No, ____________________________________________
4. A: What nationality is your mother? (The Russian Federation)
B:
____________________________________________
5. A: Are Tom Cruise and Tom Hanks Canadian? (The U.S.A.)

B: No, ____________________________________________
6. A: What nationality are your sisters? (Georgia)
B: ____________________________________________
7. A: Are you and your brothers Pakistani? (Portugal)
B: No, ____________________________________________
8. A: What nationality are your friends? (Scotland)
B: ____________________________________________
9. A: Is that woman standing over there Russian? (Greece)
B: No, ____________________________________________
10. A: What is the nationality of the man in your office? (France)
B: ____________________________________________
11. A: Is your father British? (Italy)
B: No, ____________________________________________
12. A: What nationality is Carlos? (Brazil)
B: ____________________________________________
13. A: Are those women Spanish? (China)
B: No, ____________________________________________
14. A: What is the nationality of this postman? (Germany)
B: ____________________________________________
15. A: Are Yoshimi and Toshiye Chinese? (Japan)
B: No, ____________________________________________
19
EXERCISE 11: NATIONALITY ADJECTIVES AND LANGUAGES

Complete the following sentences by writing the "Nationality Adjectives" and the "Languages" people speak
Example:
A: Where do you come from?
B: I come from France.
A: What language do you speak?
B: I speak French.
A: What nationality are you?
B: I am French.
I come from France, so I am French and I speak French.
1. Sylvia comes from England, so she _________________________________

2. Martha Andrado comes from Spain, so she_________________________________
3. We come from Mexico, so we_________________________________.
4. My parents come from Denmark, so they_________________________________
5. The belly dancer comes from Egypt, so she_________________________________
6. Those women come from Saudi Arabia, so they_________________________________
7. Jennifer comes from Ireland, so she_________________________________
8. Those doctors come from Sweden, so they_________________________________
9. The woman comes from Georgia, so she_________________________________
10. The tourists at this hotel come from China, so they _________________________________
11. My father comes from Norway, so he _________________________________
12. Those pilots come from Japan, so they_________________________________
13. The students in our school come from Canada, so they_________________________________
14. Natalie comes from the Russian Federation, so she_________________________________
15. We come from Germany, so we_________________________________
16. Those students come from Armenia, so they _________________________________
17. That pretty woman comes from Iran, so she_________________________________
18. My brother-in-law comes from Syria, so he_________________________________
19. Eileen's brothers come from Italy, so they _________________________________
20. My teacher comes from Finland, so she_________________________________
21. These nurses come from the U.S.A., so they _________________________________
22. Carlos comes from Brazil, so he _________________________________
23. My cousins come from Turkey, so they_________________________________
24. The woman in red comes from Libya, so she_________________________________
25. Carmen comes from Greece, so she _________________________________
26. Your brothers come from Portugal, so they_________________________________
27. Our teachers come from Scotland, so they_________________________________
28. That lady in the corner comes from Belgium, so she _________________________________
29. That doctor comes from Poland, so he _________________________________
30. My uncle comes from Jordan, so he_________________________________
20
EXERCISE 12: PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS

Change the following sentences into "Plural" making all the necessary changes.
Example: She is a lovely woman. They are lovely women.
1. It is an ancient city
2. This man is very famous
3. I am not a poet
4. There is a fly on the floor
5. Is he a teacher?
6. That is her book
7. His hand is clean
8. The fireman is on the roof
9. The glass is full of water
10. The sheep is eating the grass
11. The mouse is in the house
12. The leaf is falling down
13. He is a very clever child
14. Are you a policeman?
15. He is not a rich man
16. The brush is on the chair
17. The wife of this man is a thief :

18. The deer is running very fast
19. The baby is very beautiful
20. This box of chocolate is very big
21. The fool of this man is very large
22. Look at that church over there!
23. The aircraft is bombing the city
24. The life of this poet is miserable
25. The knife on the table is sharp :

26. Put the book on the shelf
27. The ox is grazing in the field
28. Put the dish into the oven
29. She is preparing the quiz
30. Where is the loaf of bread?
31. This piece of chalk is green
32. She is a beautiful lady
33. The bus is waiting at the bus-stop
:
21
EXERCISE 13 : PLURAL FORMS OF NOUNS

Complete the following sentences with the "Plural Forms of Nouns" from the list below.
BRANCH
BRUSH
HALF
KNIFE
LEAF
SHELF
BOX
BACTERIUM
COUNTRY
DRESS
GOOSE
CITY
LOAF
CRITERION
CHILD
1. My mother buys three ...................................... of bread every day.

2. How many...................................... of matches have you got?
3. The birds sit on the ...................................... of the trees.
4. They use their ...................................... to cut the branches of the tree.
5. Our ...................................... always play in the streets.
6. Turkey and Germany are very big .......................................
7. There are no ...................................... on this tree in the winter.
8. The teacher usually puts the books on the ...................................... of the cupboard.
9. London and Paris are big ...................................... in Europe.
10. She always cuts the apple into two ...................................... and gives one half to me.
11. My mother makes her own ...................................... by herself.
12. The angry...................................... are running after the girl in the park.
13. What are your ...................................... when you are judging a work of art?
14. ...................................... in drinking water spread illnesses.
15. We use ...................................... to clean our teeth.
ADDRESS
AX
FOOT
FACTORY
FAMILY
PIECE
DICTIONARY
STORY
BABY
DAISY
SPY
MOUSE
TOOTH
SECRETARY
1. There are some cars.....................................in Turkey.

2. We can find all kinds of....................................in this library.
3. Don't forget to write the......................................on the envelopes.
4. We have got many ..................................... in this company.
5. We have got two.....................................and two arms.
6. We are trying to get rid of the ......................................in our house.
7. My father gives me some ..................................... of advice from time to time.
8. The Russian......................................steal the plans of the nuclear power plants.
9. All the......................................are waiting for the students in front of the school.
10. All the .....................................of the students are gathering in the garden for the reception.
11. She brushes her ..................................... three times a day.
12. They are picking up .....................................in the park to give them to their girlfriends.
13. ......................................sleep more than adults (do).
14. She spent the evening cracking jokes and telling witty.......................................
15. They are chopping the trees down by their.......................................
22
BUS
EXERCISE 14 : JOBS AND PROFESSIONS

Read the sentences and put the corresponding "Jobs" and "Professions" in brackets.
nurse
judge
artist
plumber
author
surgeon
pilot
fishmonger
midwife
engineer
1.(..). He/she flies an airplane or helicopter.

2.( .). He/she fits and mends water, gas and sewage pipes.
3.( .). He/she designs, makes or works with machinery.
4.( .). He/she draws and paints pictures.
5.( .). He/she helps doctors and looks after sick or injured people in hospital.
6.( .). He/she performs medical operations in hospitals,
7.( .). She helps women to give birth to children.
8.( .). He/she sells fish in a shop.
9.( .). He/she writes books, articles or plays.
10.( .). He/she makes decisions in a court of law on legal matters.
pharmacist
hairdresser
baby sitter
astronaut
doctor
butcher
barber
dentist
judge
architect
1. (.) . He/she treats sick or injured people.

2. (.) . He/she takes care of children while their parents are away.
3. (.) . He/she cuts women's hair and puts it into a style.
4. (.) . He/she prepares and sells medicines.
5. (.) . He cuts men's hair.
6. (.) . He/she makes the plans of buildings.
7. (.) . He/she travels in spacecraft in space,
8. (.) . He/she decides which person is the best in a competition.
9. (.) . He/she treats people's teeth.
10.( .) . He/she sells meal in a shop.
teacher
lawyer
referee
locksmith
psychiatrist
waiter
baker
coroner
veterinarian
psychologist
1. (.) . He/she treats menial illnesses.

2. (.) . He makes or repairs locks.
3. (.) . He/she gives people legal advice and represents them in court.
4. (.) - He/she studies human mind and explains human behaviour.
5. (.) . He/she bakes and sells bread, cakes, etc.
6. (.) . He serves food and drink to people in a restaurant.
7. (.) . He/she teaches, usually as a job at a school.
8. (.) - He/she supervises a sports match and makes decisions.
9. (.) . He/she inquiries into the causes of accidental or sudden deaths.
10. (.) . He/she is responsible for the medical treatment of animals.
23
EXERCISE 15 : QUESTION WORDS

Complete the following sentences with the "QUESTION WORDS" on the list below.
WHO
WHICH
WHY
WHOM
HOW
WHAT
WHEN
WHERE
WHOSE
1. A:........................................... often do you go to the cinema?

B: I go to the cinema twice a week.
2. A:........................................... is your father from?
B: My father is from Cyprus.
3. A:........................................... is the weather like today?
B: It is very sunny today.
4. A: ..does David talk to on the phone for half an hour every day?
B: He talks to Helen on the phone for half an hour every day.
5. A:........................................... does your son wait for in front of the house every morning?
B: My son waits for his girlfriend in front of the house every morning.
6. A:........................................... is your father?
B: He is very well, thank you.
7. A:........................................... looks after patients in hospitals?
B: Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
8. A: .......................................... long does your sister watch TV a day?
B: She watches TV for three hours a day.
9. A: .......................................... many cigarettes does your father smoke a day?
B: He smokes ten cigarettes a day.
10. A:........................................... old is your wife?
B: She is almost sixty years old.
11. A:........................................... are you married to?
B: I am married to Jennifer Topes.
12. A: To ........................................... is your daughter engaged?
B: She is engaged to Tom Jones.
13. A:........................................... do you like doing in the morning?
B: I like watering the flowers in the morning.
14. A: At........................................... time do your parents have breakfast in the morning?
B: They have breakfast at seven oclock in the morning.
15. A:........................................... much money do you spend on your holidays?
B: I spend a lot of money on my holidays.
16. A:........................................... are you? /........................................... do you do?
B: I am a medical doctor.
24
17. A:....................................... many tomatoes do you need for the pizza?

B: I need five tomatoes for the pizza,
18. A: ...........................................are you waiting for?
B: I am waiting for the bus.
19. A: With ...........................................does Silvia go to the cinema every week?
B: She goes to the cinema with her boyfriend every week,
20. A: ...........................................lives in a big house outside Paris?
B: My parents live in a big house outside Paris.
21. A: ................................. bicycle do you always ride on?
B: I always ride on my friend's bicycle.
22. A:. ........................................... mosque does your father go to on Fridays?
B: My father goes to the Blue Mosque on Fridays.
23. A:...........................................long does it take to go there by bus?
B: it takes five hours to go there by bus.
24. A:........................................... colour do you prefer, red or blue?
B: I prefer blue.
25. A: ...........................................far is the hospital from here?
B: The hospital is five kilometres from here.
26. A: .............................................. colour are your eyes?
B: My eyes are green.
27. A: ........................................... time is it now?
B: It is (a) quarter to six now.
28. A: ...................................................... does your father get up?
B: My father gets up when the sun rises.
29. A: ....................................... kind of people live here?
B: Very honest people live here.
30. A:........................................ kind of films do you like watching on TV?
B: I like watching horror films on TV
31. A................................................ fast does a cheetah run?
B: A cheetah runs very fast
32. A: To ......................................... do you apply for more information?
B: I apply to Mr Harris on for more information.
33. A...........................................children are they?
B: They are Mr Brown's children.
34. A: .................................................... language does your father speak?
B: My father speaks Japanese.
25
EXERCISE 16 : SOME/ANY
Answer the following questions using "SOME" or "ANY".
Example: Are there any children in the garden?
a.Yes, there are some children in the garden.
b.No, there are not any children in the garden.
1. Is there any sugar in the tea?
Yes, ....................................................................................
No,.............................................................................
2. Are there any boys in the library?
Yes, .......................................................................................
No,..........................................................................
3. Are there any waiters in the cafeteria?
Yes,.............................................................................
No...............................................................................
4. Have you got any time to play tennis with me?
Yes.........................................................................................
No...............................................................................
5. Are there any candles on the cake?
Yes.........................................................................................
No.............................................................................
6. Is there any flour in the cupboard?
Yes, .......................................................................................
No.....................................................................................
7. Have you got any English books at home?
Yes, .....................................................................................
No...................................................................................
8. Do you speak any foreign languages?
Yes.........................................................................................
No................................................................................
9. Do you have any children?
Yes, ......................................................................................
No...................................................................................
10. Does your friend have any money to take a trip?
Yes.........................................................................................
No.........................................................................................
26
EXERCISE 17:SOME /ANY Complete the following sentences with "SOME" or "ANY".
1. You can call us ............. ... .. day you want.
2. Would you like .......... .. .. orange juice?-Yes, please.
3. You have to inform the bank of....... .... ..... change of address.
4. He doesn't have ... ................. experience of this kind of work.
5. 5. I can get... .. .... ...
information about France from the tourist office.
6. Can I have. ................... chocolate, please?

7. Peter and Alison haven't got.............. .. .children.
8. There is still .. ... ............. chocolate cake left. Would you like another piece?
9. We can go to .. .... .. .. restaurant you want.
10. Please phone me if you have ..... .... .. ... problems.
11. I am going to ask ............ .. .... of you a loan.
12. Could you give me ............. ... bread? - Yes, certainly.
13. There are... .... .. ... people waiting outside.
14. Do you have ............................. previous experience about this kind of job?
15. She needs .............. ..... paper to write on.
16. She has to do .. .................. housework.
17. We go out To a restaurant with .... .... ...... other people.
18. When can I visit the museum? -You can visit the museum. ...................... time you want.
19. Can I give you .... ..... .... .....advice?
20. I don't have ... ................. free time today.
21. I need........................... help with my homework. Are you free?
22. Is there .... .... .. .. room in the ear for me? -No, there isn't.. ....... .....
23. There is .............................. fruit, but there aren't......
.. .... vegetables.
24. ............................ bright light at night is an attraction to mosquitoes.

25. ........................ . money you find in the street must be taken to the police station.
26. There are not.............................. factories in Bingol.
27. Paul is going to invite....................children to his party.
28. My mother doesn't give the children ...................... food.
29. I haven't got................... .. money on me, so I cannot go to the cinema.
30. Are there .... .... .. ... eggs in the fridge?
31. There is. .... ................. milk in the bottle.
32. You can hire a car at.... ... .... .... airport.
33. ....... ........ .... taxi will take you to she train station.
34. Is there .................... .. snow on the road, I wonder?
35. I think there isn't... ................... traffic on the road today.
27
EXERCISE 18: MUCH / MANY / A LOT OF/ LOTS OF

Complete the following sentences with "MUCH", "MANY", "A LOT OF" or "LOTS OF".
Countable Nouns
I have a lot of books. I have lots of books. I do not have many books. Do I have many books?
Uncountable Nouns
She has a lot of time. She has lots of time. She does not have much time. Does she have much time?
1. There are ................................................. students in the garden.
2. There are not................................................. students in the garden.
3. Are there ................................................. students in the garden?
4. Stella has got................................................. information about her husband's hiding place.
5. Stella has not got................................................. information about her husband's hiding place.
6. Has Stella got................................................. information about her husband's hiding place?
7. There is ................................................. vinegar in this bottle.
8. There is not................................................. vinegar in this bottle.
9. Is there ................................................. vinegar in this bottle?
10. Are there ................................................. warships in the harbour?
11. Does Shania have ................................................. knowledge about Turkish history?
12. Is there ................................................. soup in your bowl?
13. Have you got................................................. money in your pocket?
14. I have not got................................................. patience.
15. I think there is ................................................. wine in the bottle.
16. Are there ................................................. candles on the cake?
17. My brother eats too ................................................. meat.
18. Did you invite ................................................. guests to your wedding party?
19. I have................................................. work to do today.
20. You had better hurry up because you have not got............................................... time.
21. We learn ................................................. things from our beloved teachers.
22. Is there ................................................. sugar in your tea?
23. There is not................................................ petrol in my car.
24. How................................................. flour do you need to make a cake?
25. Are there ................................................ women in front of the cinema?
26. There is not................................................ jam in that jar.
27. Have you got................................................ friends in London?
28. Do we have ................................................. knowledge about the Bush administration?
29. There are ................................................. pairs of shoes under the table.
30. I haven't got................................................. money at the moment, so I can't go to the cinema.
28
EXERCISE 19:HOW MUCH /HOW MANY

Complete the questions with "HOW MUCH" or "HOW MANY".
Example :
A: How much ice-cream has Janet got?
B: Janet has got a lot of ice-cream.
A: How many days are there in a week?
B: There are seven days in a week.
1. A: ..... ...................... .... ............. teeth have you got?

B: I have got thirty two teeth.
2. A:...................... .... ..................... time has she got?
B: She has got a lot of time.
3. A:................ .... ..... ... ............. bars of soap would you like?
B: I would like two bars of soap, please,
4. A: .................................. .......... pounds of meat do you want?
B: I want three pounds of meal, please.
5. A:. ................................................. orange juice do you want to buy?
B: I want to buy some orange juice, please.
6. A:............................. ..... .... ......... bottles of vinegar do you want?
B: I want three bottles of vinegar, please.
7. A:........... .......................... .... . students are there on the bus?
B: There are ten students on the bus.
8. A:............................................ cats has Rita got?
B: Rita has got three cats.
9. A:................................................. flour is there in the jar?
B: There is a lot of flour in the jar.
10. A: ..... ..... .......................... .. money does she spend on her clothes?
B: She spends all her money on her clothes.
11. A:.................. .... ..... ................... packets of flour do you want to buy?
B: I want to buy two packets of flour, please.
12. A:. ........................ .... .... ............ litres of milk would you like?
B: I would like six litres of milk.
13. A:... ...... ........................... ... .... milk is there in the fridge?
B: There is a little milk in the fridge.
14. A:... ..................... ....................... chairs are there in the sitting room?
B: There are only a few chairs in the sitting room.
15. A:........... ........................... ...... boxes of chocolate does she want to buy?
B: She wants to buy three boxes of chocolate.
16. A:.................................................... cups of coffee do you drink every day?
B: I drink three cups of coffee every day.
- 29 -
EXERCISE 20 : HOW MUCH / HOW MANY

Write questions for the answers using "HOW MUCH" or "HOW MANY".
Example:
A: How much money have you got in your pocket?

B: I have got a lot of money in my pocket.
A: How many students are there on the bus?
B: There are ten students on the bus.
1. A: .............................................
B: There are seven days in a week.
2. A: .............................................
B: Betty has got a lot of time to do her homework.
3. A: .............................................
B: Our teacher has got a lot of patience.
4. A: .............................................
B: There are two stray dogs in the garden.
5. A: .............................................
B: I want three pounds of meat, please.
6. A: .............................................
B: I am going to buy some orange juice, please.
7. A: .............................................
B: There are lots of people at the wedding party.
8.A: .............................................
B: We have got a lot of flour in the jar.
9.A: .............................................
B: She spends all her money on her clothes.
10.A: .............................................
B: I have a lot of pain in my leg.
11 A: .............................................
B: I would like six litres of milk.
12. A: .............................................
B: There are only a few chairs in the sitting room.
13.A: .............................................
B: Kelly wants to buy three boxes of chocolate.
14. A: .............................................
B: There are six women in the corner.
15. A: .............................................
B: I drink three glasses of beer in the evening.
- 30 -
EXERCISE 21 : A FEW/A LITTLE

Answer the following sentences using "A FEW" or "A LITTLE".
Example:
A: Are there any teachers at the school?

B: No, there aren't many. There are only a few teachers at the school.
A: Is there much vinegar in the bottle?
B: No, there isn't much. There is only a little vinegar in the bottle.
1.
A: Have you got any friends in Istanbul?

B: ................................. .... ................... .........................
2.
A: Is there much sugar in your coffee?

B: ................ .. .................. ... ....................... ...................... ......
3.
A: Has Helen got many shirts?

B: .................... ... .................... .......... .............. .... ............... .....
4.
A: Is there much flour in the jar?

B: .......................... .. ......................... ...................... ......................
5.
A: Is there much water in your glass?

B: ................... .............................. .......................... .................... .....
6.
A: Have you got many horses on your farm?

B: ...... ........................ .... .................. ...... ............ ......
7.
................
A: Are there many eggs in the fridge?

B: ....... ..................... .. ... ................ ...... .......... ...... .... ...........
8.
A: Has your father got many books in his library?

B: ..................... .................. ...... ......................... ....................
9.
......
A: Are there many exercises in this book?

B:................................................................................
10.
A: Have you got much spare time?

B... .................. ..... ......................
11.
.....
A: Has the poor woman got much money?

B: ........................................................................................
12.
A: Are there many passengers on the plane?

B: .............. ....................... ......................... ......................
13.
.................
A: Is there much information in this booklet?

B: ...... .................. ... .............. .... .................... ......................
14.
A:Have you got much time to finish this book?

B....................... ..............
15.
.......................
A: Are there many flowers in the garden?

B: ........ ...... .................. ........................ .................... ..... ..................
31
EXERCISE 22 :FEW/A FEW/LITTLE/A LITTLE

Complete the sentences with "FEW", "A FEW", "LITTLE" or "A LITTLE".
1. Over the next.......................................... days, I want you to make sure you get plenty of rest.
2. Yes, there are .......................................... grapes in the fridge.
3. There isn't much tea, but we only need .......................................... for a cup of tea.
4. There are .......................................... books in this library about geology.
5. The mother was carrying her.......................................... child on her shoulder.
6. Such opportunities are .......................................... in Turkey.
7. There is only.......................................... whisky left.
8. It was very cold, so .......................................... people came to the meeting.
9. You eat very........................................... That's why you are so thin.
10. .....................................people are interested in this subject, so we will cancel the course next month.
11. They have .......................................... food left; they cannot survive for much longer.
12. There is .......................................... flour left, so Alice will make .......................................... cakes.
13. She made .......................................... effort and she didn't do well in the exam.
14. I will have .......................................... time this afternoon if you like to come and see me.
15. Very.......................................... experiments have been done to find out the cause of this disease.
16. He .......................................... knows what will happen in the future.
17. I am thinking of changing my job because there are.........................................chances of promotion.
18. There is .......................................... milk in this bottle, but it is not enough for both of you.
19. I have so .......................................... time that I cannot go there.
20. John was among the .......................................... who really understood this matter.
21. ..........................................money was spent on the building and that is why it collapsed.
22. When I moved into my flat, I had very .......................................... furniture?
23. Janet went downtown to buy.......................................... things for the party.
24. He has .......................................... knowledge about this subject, so he cannot pass the test.
25. I find it difficult to talk to Cecilia because we have so .......................................... in common.
26. Selfish people often have .......................................... friends.
27. He cannot win the election. I think he has .......................................... chance of success.
28. We have .......................................... tomatoes, so we can make soup.
29. There was only.......................................... information in the pamphlets.
30. I am not a vegetarian but I always eat.......................................... meat.
31. My mother speaks .........................................Polish, so we can talk to those Polish tourists.
32. We have got a lot of rice, but only .......................................... cheese.
33. I have to work all the time and I have ........................................... time for relaxation.
34. Didn't your father give you .......................................... advice before you got married?
32
EXERCISE 23. INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A /AN)

Complete the sentences with the Indefinite Article "A", "AN" if it is necessary.
1. She is.... ......... real friend to me.
2. It is.. ............ dreadful weather, so we cannot, go anywhere.
3. What. ..... ..... terrible noise! I cannot hear anything.
4. What .................. beautiful flowers you have!
5. Mrs Jones is ........... air-hostess.
6. There is ........ ..... orange on the plate.
7. .................. German is more difficult than................... English.
8. How many minutes are there in.................. hour?
9. Germany is .... ..... .. European country
10. Helen is .. .... ..... English girl, and I am ................. Turkish boy.
11. ........... elephant is ......... ... big animal.
12. My father speaks ................. English with . ...... ... American accent.
13. I have got.... .... ...umbrella.
14. Sonya is.. .... ..... very clever girl.
15. There is .................. engagement ring on her finger,
16. There is .......... .. sugar in this coffee.
17. That is.... .......... expensive radio; I cannot afford to buy it.
18. Elizabeth is .................. beautiful lady.
19. .............. iron is ............. metal.
20. There is ..... .... .. ashtray near the book.
21. ...... ....... Turkish is not.................. easy language at all.
22. Rose is at................... university in England, I think.
23. .................. lion is stronger than ................... tiger.
24. ...
....... apple is sweeter than ...... ..... lemon.
25. He is .................. English teacher at................... university in Tokyo.

26. ...............monkey is more intelligent than.. ............ dog.
27. I am..... ..... actor, and my wife is .............. actress.
28. She always gives me .................. piece of advice.
29. ..... .. honesty is the best policy.
30. She is ................ honest woman, but her husband is ....................... smuggler.
31. They are... .... ..... French doctors.
32. Is this ................. dagger which I see before me?
33. I am very much interested, in ............ classical music.
34. Let's go for .................. walk in the afternoon, shall we?
33
EXERCISE 24: EFINITE ARTICLE (THE)

Complete the following sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary.
1. ................... other day I had a letter from my friend.
2. ................... Mount Everest is ................... highest mountain in ................... world.
3. I play................... tennis every Saturday.
4. ................... sun rises in ................... east.
5. She is studying................... history of.................. China.
6. ................... smallest planet in our solar system is ................... Pluto.
7. Who invented ................... telephone?
8. She is ................... only woman I love.
9. ................... tiger is in ................... danger of dying out.
10. My sister goes to ................... school by................... bus every day.
11. It is easy to get to ................... Kadikoy on ................... foot.
12. Can you go by ................... train from ................... Alps to ................... North Sea?
13. My friend works as a cook in ................... prison.
14. ................... poverty can lead to ................... unhappiness and despair.
15. I have finished reading ................... book I bought last week.
16. ................... longest walk in ................... space was eight hours twenty nine minutes in 1992.
17. I saw Jane at................... dinner in ................... Ankara yesterday.
18. Though he killed the man in self-defence, he has been in ................... prison for a long time.
19. ................... Samsun is on ................... Black Sea.
20. They flew to ................... London from ................... Atatrk Airport.
21. My father will be going to ................... Netherlands on ................... Monday.
22. My friend, who comes from................. Czech Republic, will go to ................... United Kingdom.
23. ................... Titanic sank during her maiden voyage to ................... United States of America.
24. ................... Thames flows through ................... London.
25. ................... woman in................... corner works for ................... Daily Mirror.
26. ................... hotel in ................... Duke Street is ................... Grand Hotel.
27. Mary goes to ................... church every Sunday.
28. Did you go to ................... cinema last night?
29. She was ................... first woman to go to ................... moon.
30. ................... Turkey of today is quite different from ................... Turkey of yesterday.
31. ................... Mars is a very big planet in ................... solar system.
32. What did you do on ................... Saturday of that week?
33. I am currently working at................... University of Leeds.
34. ................... women live longer than ................... men.
34
EXERCISE 25:DEFINITE ARTICLE (THE)

Complete the following sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary..
1. money doesn't always bringhappiness.
2. Does your father go to mosque ever; Friday?
3. Earth travels roundsun.
4. I think gas is cheaper than electricity,
5. milk contains a lot of vitamins.
6. We are going to win European Cup next year.
7. National Theatre is going to celebrate its thirteenth anniversary soon.
8. Someone broke in and stole several paintings from Royal Gallery last night.
9. Mark Spitz broke a lot of world records at1972 Olympics.
10. crime rate is on . increase in Turkey
11. life of Bill Clinton is very interesting.
12. Blues Band is appearing atOdeon on Saturday,
13. We are going to Sudan next summer.
14. ship was sailing near North Pole.
15. last time I saw Rose was before she left forBahamas.
16. At moment he is writing forDaily News.
17. .............. cost of.wire is not included in price ofticket
18. higher you climb, ................. further you fall.
19. wind is blowing hard now.
20. bread is made fromHour.
21. force of ................ explosion shattered all............. windows other day.
22. We went to Trafalgar Square before visiting Buckingham Palace.
23. Apollo programme was set up to explore outer space.
24. Smith you are looking for no longer lives here.
25. Japanese admire traditions of Chinese.
26. noise causes stress and makes ..... .......... blood-pressure rise.
27. .............. Browns were having dinner when wind took offroof of their house?
28. Tigers are likely to win Cup Final.
29. They took us to Hawaiian Islands in Pacific Ocean.
30. Eileen kissed me on................. cheek.
31. They are going to pitch a tent near Lake Van.
32. Fortime being we are staying at.................. Sheraton.
33. Many people are afraid of death.
35

Complete the following sentences with the definite article "THE" if it is necessary.
1. ................... cancer causes a lot of suffering.
2. We will go to London on ................... twenty second of March.
3. ................... taxi took us to ................... Oxford Street.
4. She punched him on................... nose.
5. She is always complaining about................... traffic.
6. I have got two cats;.............. yellow one is called Cancan,.................. white one is called Mestan.
7. ................... Ganges is a sacred river in ................... India.
8. ................... Beatles became famous in ................... year of 1960.
9. My mother is in ................ bed now because she didn't sleep at all last night.
10. She touched me on ................... shoulder.
11. I am trying to reach ................... same level as ................... other students in my class.
12. He is a receptionist at .................. Plaza Hotel.
13. He was taught all................... Spanish he knows by Carmen.
14. When I was five, I got................... mumps.
15. ................... former is not as complex as ................... latter.
16. People say that................... British are not very friendly.
17. If we don't protect................... nature, our environment will get worse and worse.
18. I will take those letters to ................... post office in the afternoon.
19. My hotel was near................... Tower of London.
20. You mustnt' smoke on ................... Tube in London.
21. 21. James and Paul arrived at................... same time.
22. Mary looked up at................... sky in surprise.
23. ................... life has changed a lot during ................... last fifty years in Turkey.
24. ................... faster she ran,...................the more tired she felt.
25. ................... detective stories are more interesting than ................... love stories.
26. ................... meeting will be held at................... school.
27. What do you do when he plays ................... piano?
28. ................... football they play here is different from ................... kind they play in Turkey.
29. My father is very much fond of................... music of................... seventeenth century.
30. Do you want to study ................... history of................... Hittites?
31. ................... Peugeot 306 weighs 1150 kilograms.
32. We will visit................... Blue Mosque tomorrow.
33. I like rock music so I am going to ................... Rolling Stones' concert.
34. Johann Strauss composed ................... Blue Danube.
36
EXERCISE 27: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A / AN / THE)

Complete the following sentences with "A", "AN", "THE" if it is necessary.
1. I would like to be................ medical doctor.
2. Whatincredible story!
3. ............... Browns have ........... picnic every Sunday.
4. I often hear................... terrible noise in ................ morning.
5. ..........
English is ......... ... most popular language in ..... .....world.
6. Let's go for.. ..... .... walk in ............... woods.

7. Take........ .... glass and pour yourself............ .drink.
8. In my opinion ............... penicillin is .. ..... ... most useful medicine.
9. I am going to .. ..... .. cinema with her.
10. .... ..... Egypt is ............ gift of.. . .......... Nile.
11. I have got.......... ... few eggs, so let's make .................. omelette.
12. Kzlrmak is . ............ longest river in .............. Turkey.
13. I want to make ..... ........ phone call to Paris.
14. Parts of... .. ... Netherlands are below ...... .... level of .............. sea.
15. Make... .......... love, not. ... ....war.
16. If you make ..... ... .. promise, you must keep it.
17. I am going to do .......... . shopping in the morning.
18. The man set.... ....
. fire to the factor)'.
19. We are talking about.. .. ..... Russian revolution.

20. Times is one of. ... .... Britain's oldest newspapers.
21. I am staying at............... home tonight.
22. We live in ........ ... France, not in .. ....
United States.
23. Waiter! There is .............. hair in my soup.

24. They were selling coal by ................. ton.
25. Would you like ........... drink?
26. There is ... ......... radio in ... ..... . living room.
27. Would you like ........ ........ cup of................. tea?
28. ...... ..... Smiths have .. .. .... son and .....
... daughter.
29. ..... ........ French eat in restaurants more than ........... English.
30. Jane plays ... .... .. flute very well.
31. I will have .................. little time this afternoon.
32. I drink ........... ... glass of...........
milk before I go to ............. bed.
33. Edison invented ........... ... gramophone, not.................. telephone.

34. ........ ..... weather is very cold in ........ ...March.
37
EXERCISE 28: DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES (A/AN/THE)

Complete the following sentences with "A", "AN", "THE" if it is necessary.
1. There is................... Mr Williams waiting to see you.
2. Riding on................... back of................... motorcycle was ................... new experience for her.
3. He has ................... devil of................... temper.
4. ................... Titanic was sunk by ................... iceberg.
5. Robin Hood robbed ................... rich to help ................... poor.
6. We do not go to ................... work on Sundays.
7. Some students hate going to ................... school.
8. It is such ................... bad weather that we can't go for................... picnic.
9. He is ................... best of husbands.
10. ................... more he practises,................... better he becomes.
11. Trabzon is on ................... Black Sea.
12. ................... generator produces ................... electricity.
13. Could I have ................... vodka and tonic, please?
14. Suleyman................... Magnificent was ................... most famous Sultan in the Ottoman Empire.
15. You have saved my life, thanks ................... lot.
16. It is ................... most frightening experience I have ever had.
17. ................... lion is smaller than ................... elephant.
18. ................... Pope is to visit................... Cuba this month.
19. I have read ................... Koran many times, but I haven't read ................... Bible yet.
20. .................. Israeli war planes have made ................... air raid on ................... Palestinian targets.
21. ....... Parthenon is older than ............ Coliseums, but.......... Pyramids are ................... oldest of all.
22. ................... very centre of the graveyard was ................... tomb of................... Princess.
23. ................... poor envy ................... rich.
24. You are ................... very woman I wanted.
25. ................... Leonardo da Vinci painted ................... Mona Lisa.
26. ................... six oclock train doesn't suit us, I am sorry.
27. We have ................... lunch at................... one oclock every day.
28. ................... Sahara is ................... largest desert in ................... world.
29. Every Christmas of my childhood was ................... same.
30. At what age do ................... children learn to tell................... truth?
31. ................... people do not play................... cricket in .................. winter in ................... England.
32. On............... arrival in ................... United Kingdom all visitors go through ................... Customs.
33. This is ................... last time we shall see him before he leaves for Paris.
34. ................... teacher arrived at................... usual time.
38
EXERCISE 29 :ANOTHER /OTHER /OTHERS

Complete the following sentences with "ANOTHER", "OTHER" or "OTHERS".
1. I clean the house every.... .. ... ... ......... day.
2. These books are mine; the ..... ... ... ..... ... . belong to my father.
3. They are always lighting with each .. ..... ....
.. ... .
4. I saw my English teacher the ............... ......... ... day

5. I liked this book, but my wife liked the ...................
.... one more than this.
6. May I have. .... ..... .... ..... .... slice of cake, please?
7. Do you really need
...... ... ... cup of coffee?
8. Do you think that there is life on ... ........ ..... .....planets?

9. She lost her ticket, so she had to buy ................... ... ... one.
10. The Twins Look alike. I cannot tell one from ............. ....
11. You have already met Peter, but I have two .
..
..
... .....
.. .. ....... brothers.
12. These children are having tea in the canteen, but the .. ...... ............. are waiting in the office.
13. She has taken . ............................. of my books.
14. Our hotel was cheaper than all the ................ .... ..
.. in the city.
15. I prefer this chair To the ... .. .... ... .. . one, because it is more comfortable.
16. ......
..... ......... five years passed before they met again.
17. I have got.... .. ... .... .... ..... things to do.

18. A door opened at the ... .. ... .................... end of the corridor.
19. The man was waiting on the ...... ..................... side of the street.
20. We would like to learn about................ ..... .. ....peoples customs.
21. I am very busy now, I will see you .................................. .... time.
22. They went from one shop to .......... ... .... .... .....
23. ... ............................... want this job if you turn it down.
24. He made a drink for Christina, then poured .............. ..... ..
25. There were some ...................................
... for himself,
people in the compartment.
26. She finished her cigarette, then lit................ ..... ..... ... one immediately.
27. Professor Barry, among .. .. .... ... .... .. , has drawn attention to this problem.
28. t is all past history and it happened in ..... ...... ..
.. ...country.
29. Results in........... ................ countries are impressive.

30. They didn't dare to look at one ....................... ....... ....
31. He had a newspaper in one hand, his hat in the ..
..
..
.....
32. She found one excuse after .......... ........................ to postpone the meeting.
33. I shall wait here until.... ... .... ... ... .....come back.
34. We will get there one way or...... ... .... .... ... .
39
EXERCISE 30: ONE/ONES

Complete the following sentences with "ONE" or "ONES".
1. A: Which is your jacket?
B: The red woollen ..............................with pockets.
2. A: Are you going to buy a new car?
B: Yes, we are going to sell our present car and buy a new...............................
3. A: Is your car new?
B: No, my car is very old, but I cannot afford to buy a new...............................
4. A: Which envelopes do you want to buy?
B: The big ............................... please.
5. A: Which magazines would you like to read?
B: I would like to read the French...............................
6. A: Can I have some oranges, please?
B: Certainly, which .............................. do you want?
7. A: Is this your book?
B: Yes, this is my book, but that.............................. is hers.
8. A: This knife is dull. Do you have a sharp.............................?
B: Yes, we have a sharp ............................... but it is very expensive.
9. A: Do you like tennis?
B: Yes, I like all games, but tennis and basketball are the ..............................I like best.
10. A: Was the last lesson difficult?
B: Yes, it was, but this .............................. we are doing now is very easy.
11. A: Is your plate dirty?
B: Yes, it is; bring me a clean ............................... please.
12. A: Are these books good?
B: Yes, they are, but those .............................. are much better than these.
13. A: Do you love cakes?
B: Yes, I do, especially the .............................. that my mother makes.
14. A: We have got a lot of records. Which .............................. do you want to listen to?
B: I want to listen to the .............................. that you gave me yesterday.
15. A: Which books did you really enjoy reading?
B: The..............................I really enjoyed were love stories.
16. A: Do you like shrimps?
B: Yes, I like them very much but I prefer the North Sea .............................. to the Mediterranean
17. A: Which would you rather love, a rich wife or a pretty..............................?
B: I would rather love a pretty...............................
40
EXERCISE 31: ELSE

Complete the following sentences with the words on the list below.
what else
where else
who else
everybody else
somebody else
anybody else
nobody else
everyone else
someone else
anyone else
no one else
everything else
something else
anything else
nothing else
everywhere else
somewhere else
anywhere else
nowhere else
Example:
A: Did you dance with Jane at the party?

B: No, I didn't. I danced with someone else at the party.
18. A: Does your father work here?

B: No, he doesn't. He works . ..
.. ... ... ..
.. .... ....
19. A: Did you visit Cathy?

B: No, we didn't visit Cathy, but we visited .................
..
...
.. ..... ....
20. A: Would you like to drink lea?

B: No, I wouldn't, but I would like to drink.... ...... ....... .............. .......................
21. A: Did you speak to Tom?
B: No, I didnt, but I spoke to . ... .... ..... ...
.... ....
..
...
22. A: Did you go to Japan last year?

B: Yes, we did, but this year we are going ..... .. .. ...... .....................
23. A: Did you only ask James?
B: No, I didn't only asked James, but I asked... ... .... .... .... ...
...............
24. A: Are Jane and Maria here?

B: Yes, they are, but there isn't ... ... ... .... .... .....
..
.. .
25. A: Would you like ... ... .. .......... ....... ................. to drink?
B: No, I wouldn't like to drink .... .... ..
.. .... ... .... ......
26. A: Did you go .............................. ........... ... .. after the party?

B: No, we didnt go .. ... .. .. ................. ...... .. after the party.
27. A: Are you going to London this summer?
B: No, I am going . ...... ... ... ............... ......... . this summer.
28. A: Have you been to London?
B: Yes, I have, but. I have never been ... . .
........ ............ .......... ...
29. A:.......... ..... ..... .... .. .................. did you do?

B: I did ....................... .
.. .. ..
.., I only slaved at home.
30. A: Has Kate been to France?

B: No, she hasnt, but she has been .. ... .... ... ...
41
..
..
EXERCISE 32 :ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS OF MANNER

Complete the following sentences with an "Adjective" or "Adverb of Manner".
Example :
My sister speaks .............................. English, (perfect/ perfectly)

My sister speaks perfect English. My sister speaks English perfectly.
1.
a.My brother plays the piano very ....................................... (good / well)

b.Catherine is very...................................... at tennis.
2.
a. Her parents welcomed the visitors ....................................... (warm / warmly)

b.I always wear ...................................... clothes in winter.
3.
a. We heard some ...................................... noises upstairs, (loud / loudly)

b.The children were shouting.......................................
4.
a. Unemployment is a ...................................... problem in Turkey, (serious / seriously)

b. She was ...................................... injured in the accident.
5.
a. He saw a very ...................................... girl in the morning, (beautiful / beautifully)

b.Maria was singing the Spanish songs very .......................................
6.
a.The little girl looks rather ....................................... (sad / sadly)

b.The woman looked at the poor boy .......................................
7.
a. The dollar has fallen ..................................... recently, (drastic / drastically)

b.We must take ...................................... measures to bring inflation down.
8.
a. She was a very ...................................... student, (careful / carefully)

b.She wrote the letter very .......................................
9.
a. The children waited ...................................... for the dentist, (quiet / quietly)

b.I don't know why she is so ...................................... today.
10
a. The children are playing very ...................................... at the moment, (bad / badly)
b.There was a ...................................... accident, and many people were killed.
11.
a. The moon moves ...................................... round the Earth, (slow / slowly)

b.What do you know about...................................... erosion of rocks by the wind?
12.
a. We had some ...................................... rain last week, (heavy / heavily)

b.It rained ...................................... last night.
13.
a. He was a very ...................................... friend of mine, (close / closely)

b.The police car was following the woman very.......................................
14.
a. English is ..................................... spoken all over the world, (wide / widely)

b.We are walking along the ...................................... road.
15.
a. You should be ...................................... with your children, (patient / patiently)

b.The teacher always treats the students .......................................
16.
a. My brother was very ...................................... about his clothes, (careless / carelessly)

b. He ...................................... threw the china cups into a box.
42

Complete the following sentences with the Comparative forms of "Adjectives" in brackets.
Example :
My sister is shorter than I /I am / me. (short)

I am heavier than she / she is / her. (heavy)
Peter looks much younger than he / he does / him. (young)
1. I am...... .
... .. .... .. ... my father (is), (tall)
2. The Taj Mahal is ......... ... .. ... ... ..... . the While House (is), (old)
3. This boxer is a bit.. .............................. ....... ......... the oilier one. (fast)
4. The Sun is..... .. .... ... ..
.. ...... the Earth (is), (big)
5. The North Pole is a bit ........... .... ..
.. ..... the South Pole (is), (cold)
6. Those grapes are a lot....... ...................... ..................... the others, (sweet)

7. Everest is ....... ... ..... .... .... .. .. any other mountain in the world, (high)
8. Interest rates are .................................... in Britain ................. in France, (low)
9. The Mississippi is ........................................................ the Kzlrmak (is), (long)
10. Today is. .......... .. ..
.. .. .. ..it was yesterday, (hot)
11. The upstairs woman is ..................................... ... the downstairs woman, (young)
12. This place is .... ... .... ... ....... .......... that deserted island, (safe)
13. Silver is................. .. .... .. ... ...gold, (cheap)
14. The sea today is much ................ ........................ it was yesterday, (calm)
15. The Pacific Ocean is ........ ...... .. ... .... ..... the Atlantic Ocean, (deep)
16. Your mother looks .. .. .. ... .... .... ... ...your father (does), I think, (old)
17. Olga is ............................................................ her brother, (fat)
18. The apartment was ............................................. we had expected, (little)
19. February is ..... .... .... ..... .... .... ... ...April, (cold)
20. A train is not.............................. .......................... a bus. (quick)
21. The United States of America is .. .... ... ..... ....
..
..
Canada, (large)
22. My brother is ........................................................... your brother (is), (smart)

23. The Pound is ........................................................... the United States Dollar (is), (strong)
24. Diana is ... ..... ... ..
... .. .. .... she was two years ago. (thin)
25. Today my secretary seems to be ....... .................................... she was yesterday, (busy)
26. She is very much
... .. .. ... .... ...... .... . she was last year, (happy)
27. Today I am ................ ...................... I was yesterday, (angry)

28. Living in the country is ............................................ living in the city, (healthy)
29. The weather is Konya is .. ... ... .. .... .... ..
.. the weather in Antalya, (dry)
30. This street is ..... ........... ......................... the street in which the children are playing, (noisy)
31. Silvana is much................. ........................ ... the other girls I know, (pretty)
43
EXERCISE 34 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES

Complete the following sentences with the Comparative forms of "Adjectives" in brackets.
Example: Kate is more intelligent than he / he is / him. (Intelligent)
Rose looks more cheerful than I /I do / me. (Cheerful)
We are more carefully than they / they are / them, (careful)
1. Istanbul is .................................................................................................. Ankara (is), (crowded)
2. Imagination is ...................................................................................... knowledge (is), (important)
3. The food in Turkey is .............................................................. the food in Germany, (delicious)
4. Dogs are .................................................................................................. cats (are), (affectionate)
5. Mr Smith is .................................................................................................. his wife (is), (sensible)
6. The man's own life was much ............................................................... Mr Smith's, (interesting)
7. A cobra is ....................................................................................... a boa constrictor, (dangerous)
8. Spanish is ................................................................................................ Italian, I think, (popular)
9. The dome of the Blue Mosque is ............................................. the dome of St. Sophia, (elegant)
10. I think Chinese is .............................................................................................. Turkish, (difficult)
11. My car is .................................................................................................. my father's, (expensive)
12. This method is ............................................................... the one you are talking about, (effective)
13. Swiss watches are .....................................................................................other watches, (reliable)
14. My brother's handwriting is ..................................................................................... mine, (legible)
15. A train is ................................................................................................. a bus. (comfortable)
16. Riding a mountain bike is ...................................................................................... jogging, (tiring)
17. Today the director is ........................................................................ he was yesterday, (furious)
18. She has a ........................................... nature ......................................... her husband, (generous)
19. British Airways is ................................................................................... Air France, (profitable)
20. This seems to be a .................... murder....................... the one you are investigating, (mysterious)
21. Your mother is ............................................................ your father, I think, (extravagant)
22. This holiday seems to be ....................................................... the one we had last year, (exciting)
23. Susan is ..................................................................... the girl we met at the party, (beautiful)
24. Hepatitis is .................................................................................................. a sore throat, (serious)
25. Dogs are .................................................................................................. cats, (playful)
26. Frankly speaking, Eileen is ........................................................................... my sister, (attractive)
27. Monkeys are .................................................................................................. dogs, (obedient)
28. Living in a large city is ..................................................................living in a small one. (stressful)
29. These parents are ................................................................................. those parents, (audacious)
30. My daughter is ................................................................ my son in solving problems, (successful)
31. I find swimming.......................................................................... most other games, (relaxing)
44
EXERCISE 35:COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS

Complete the following sentences with the Comparative Forms of "Adverbs" in brackets.
Example: My father speaks English............ ... ..... . I /I do / me. (fluently)
My father speaks English more fluently than I / I do /me.
My girl runs ..... ...... ...... ..
. he / he does / him. (fast)
My girlfriend runs faster than he / he does / him.

1. Sally types..... .................................................her sister (does) .(quickly)
2. The manager comes to the factory ........................ ....................... the workers (do), (late)
3. A cat walks.. .... ...................... ......
..
a dog. (quietly)
4. Alice drives...................................... .... .... ..... Olga. (carelessly)

5. My father goes to the cinema................................. .... .......... my mother (does), (frequently)
6. Susan dances .................. ... ... ........................................... Lolita (does), (gracefully)
7. My mother walks. ... .... ......................................... ... .... ..... my father (does), (fast)
8. Our teacher worked .................... ..... .... ..
..................... ....... . the students (did), (hard)
9. Shakira sings ................................ ... ... ....
anyone else I have ever heard, (beautifully)
10. The hostess of the house welcomed us
...................... .... ....... .... ... ................ the host,
(warmly)
11. Nancy wrote the sentences ..................................... ............... Lora (did), (neatly)
12. The teacher spoke ... ....................................... ... ... ...
........... all the girls in the room, (slowly)
13. The captain talks about the accident ................................ . the sailors, (cautiously)
14. My mother spends money ................. .................... ...... ...... my father, (generously)
15. The boys are playing ............ ... ............................... the girls (are), (noisily)
16. My daughter sings ........................................ ... ... ... .. .............. my son (does), (excellently)
17. She described the scenery... ... ... .................................
... ..... .... .. the woman (did),
(vividly)
18. I arrived here ........ ... ............................... ..... ..... ....
... the other students (did), (early)
19. This woman talks ............................... .......................... the men in the government, (openly)
20. Thamanin the corner spoke ......... ............................................ the chairman (did), (clearly)
21. The girl explained the problems ................... ............................. .. ... the boy (did), (easily)
22. My husband usually comes home from work....... ...... ................................ .... . this, (early)
23. Lara lives ......................... ... ....... .... .............. .... her husband, (comfortably)
24. The boys are answering the questions ..... ...................................... the girls, (intelligently)
25. The teacher will arrive at the party........... .................. .... ... .... the students, (soon)
26. My father waited for the result of my exam ................................................... me. (impatiently)
27. The girls responded to my questions .... .. ...... ............ .................. the boys, (politely)
28. The nurse answered my questions .. .... .. .. .........................
45
the doctor, (gently)
EXERCISE 36 : SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES

Complete the following sentences with the Superlatives forms of "Adjectives" in brackets.
Example : Diana is the most beautiful girl in our school, (beautiful)
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, (high)
1. Maths is one of............................................................ subjects at school, (interesting)
2. Asia is ............................................................ of the seven continents in the world, (big)
3. Africa is ............................................................ of the four continents that I have visited, (large)
4. This is ............................................................ restaurant in the town, (expensive)
5. English is ............................................................ language in the world, (popular)
6. Mont Blanc is ............................................................ mountain in Europe, (high)
7. Frankly speaking,............................................................ city I stayed in was Paris, (lovely)
8. The elephant is the animal that has ............................................................ memory, (long)
9. The Sahara is ............................................................ desert in the world, (large)
10. He is ............................................................ person in the family, (obstinate)
11. The giraffe is ............................................................ of all animals, (tall)
12. July and August are ............................................................ months of the year, (hot)
13. Sandy was ............................................................ girl in our school, (pretty)
14. December and January are ........................................................... months of the year, (cold)
15. I think I am ........................................................ woman because I have got a lot of money, (happy)
16. The teacher asked me ............................................................ question during the exam, (difficult)
17. John is ............................................................ of the five children, (old)
18. To my way of thinking, my father is .................................................. man in the world, (handsome)
19. Carol has ............................................................ dimples in the world, (cute)
20. Once the Hilton hotel was ............................................................ hotel in Istanbul, (luxurious)
21. My sister bought one of............................................................ cars in the city, (cheap)
22. I think Nathalie Cardone is one of...................................................singers in the world, (charming)
23. I think bungee jumping is ........................................................... sports of all. (dangerous)
24. Molly is ............................................................ student in our class, (intelligent)
25. The Beatles were perhaps ............................................................ group of the 1960's. (well-known)
26. The football fans in Istanbul are ........................................................... in the world, (enthusiastic)
27. Istanbul is ............................................................ city in Turkey, (crowded)
28. Sydney is probably ............................................................ city I have ever visited, (spectacular)
29. Pollution is ............................................................ problem in most countries in the world, (serious)
30. Unemployment is ............................................................ problem in Turkey, (important)
31. According to .................................................. news, the government has imposed a new tax. (late)
32. This is ............................................................ ice-cream I have ever eaten, (delicious)
46
EXERCISE 37: COMPARATIVES / SUPERLATIVES

Complete the following sentences with the Comparative or Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" or
"Adverbs" in brackets.
1. An industrious student studies ............... .... .. ... a lazy student, (hard)
2. My sister is ... .. . ................. ... . .... member of my family, (musical)
3. I speak English .......
. ....
..
4. I can read this book ........ ... .. ..
my sister does, (badly)

..
. .. I can read that book, (easily)
5. I drew that picture . .. ..
........................ ... of any pictures I have ever drawn, (carefully)
6. My mother sings
. .. ...
.. ....
7. Kate is ... ... ... .. .

8. He is..
..
of anyone in our family, (beautifully)
.. .. ... Ruth, (intelligent)
.. ... .... ... ... ... .. dancer of them all. (good)
9. The Swiss chocolate has. ........... ..
.........
fat of all. (little)
10. Jupiter is .. ... .... ... ... ... .. ... planet in the solar system, (big)
11. My children behave ................... .................... ..... your children, (well)
12. Imagination is ....... .. .. ... .... .... . knowledge, (important)
13. Rose is a serious girl and behaves ................. ... ..... .... . all of us. (seriously)
14. What is .........
............. .. ... .. way of getting from here to the station? (quick)
15. He was a bit depressed yesterday but he looks
..
... ...
.... ... ..
today, (happy)
16. My father speaks English ............. ............ ................. my mother, (fluently)

17. Monica finished her work. ... ..
..
... ..... ... ... of all. (fast)
18. One of the dogs behaves .. ... .... ... .. ..... .... the other, (aggressively)
19. Sue smoked .. .... ...... ...... ........................... after the acupuncture treatment, (little)
20. Olga knows a lot ... .... .... .. .. .... ..
. about (he job ...
.... . I do. (much)
21. My father gets up ... ....................................... I (do), (early)

22. What is ...... ................................ ...........river in the world? (long)
23. With a population of over 13 million Istanbul is. ... ... ....
..
..
..
city in Turkey, (crowded)
24. Travelling by plane is .. .. ... .................. ............ travelling by train, (fast)

25. Greenland is .................... ... ........ .island in the world, (large)
26. Harrods is probably one of .. ..
...........,................. department stores, (well-known)
27. London Heathrow Airport is . ... ........ ..
..
.. .. Tokyo Airport, (busy)
28. The film was .. .. .... ... .. . .............. the book, (interesting)
29. What is .. ......................................... restaurant in Istanbul? (fashionable)
30. That is .................................................... joke I have ever heard, (funny)
31. Natural food is ...... ......... ... ... ... ... fast food, (healthy)
32. It was an awful day In fact, it was ......................................................... day of my life, (bad)
33. Chinese food is .. ............................................. food in the world, (healthy)
47
EXERCISE 38 COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES

Make sentences using the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" according to the
information on the chart below.
Rose
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
tall
beautiful
attractive
charming
careful
intelligent
successful
happy
cheerful
Mary
*
*
*
*
*
*
Jane
*
* *
*
*
*
* *
*
*
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Example:
1.
Mary is tall.
(Positive Degree)*
Rose is taller than Mary (is).
(Comparative Degree)
Jane is the tallest of the three.
(Superlative Degree
ii. b
iii. c
2.
iv. b
v. c
3.
vi. b
vii. c
4.
viii. b
ix. c
5.
x. b
xi. c
6.
xii. b
xiii. c
7.
xiv. b
xv. c
48
EXERCISE 39: COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS

Make sentences using the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adverbs" according to the information
on the chart below.
Eileen
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1.
well
fast
fluently
hard
early
late
beautifully
generously
quietly
Melis
sa
*
* *
*
*
*
*
xvi. b
xvii. c
a
xviii. b
xix. c
3.
xx. b
xxi. c
4.
xxii. b
xxiii. c
5.
xxiv. b
xxv. c
6.
xxvi. b
xxvii. c
7.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
2.
Angel
*a
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
xxviii. b
xxix. c
49
EXERCISE 40: IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE / SUPERLATIVE FORMS

Complete the following sentences with the proper degrees of the "Adjectives" in brackets.
Example :
a. English cheese is good.
(Positive)
b. French cheese is better than English cheese.
(Comparative)
c. Turkish cheese is the best of the three.
(Superlative)
1.a. Carol's English pronunciation is ....................................... (bad / worse / the worst)

b.Mandy's English pronunciation is ...................................... Carol's.
c.Jane's English pronunciation is ...................................... of the three.
2. a. Dilara has ...................................... books, (a lot of (many) / more / the most)
b. Melanie has .............................. books ................... Dilara (has).
c.Christina has ...................................... books of the three.
3. a. Selda has ...................................... money, (a lot of (much) / more / the most)
b. Muge has .............................. money................... Selda (has).
c.Patricia has ...................................... money of the three.
4. a. Belinda drinks ...................................... wine, (little / less / the least)
b. Maggie drinks .............................. wine ................... Belinda (does).
c.Pamela drinks ...................................... wine of the three.
5. a. Eskiehir is ...................................... from here, (a long way(far) / farther / the farthest)
b. Ankara is ...................................... Eskisehir from here.
c.Erzurum is ...................................... of the three.
6. a. Janet is ...................................... (ill / worse / the worst)
b. Nora is .............................. Janet.
c.Betty is ...................................... of the three.
7. a. Carol feels ....................................... (well / better/ the best)
b. Susan is ...................................... Carol.
c.Matilda is ...................................... of the three.
8. a. Miranda has ...................................... eyes, (evil / worse / the worst)
b. Lolita has .............................. eyes ................... Miranda (has).
c.Diana has ...................................... eyes of the three.
9. a. Tom's essay is ...................................... (good / better / the best)
b. Roger's essay is ...................................... Tom's essay.
c.Allan's essay is ...................................... of the three.
50
EXERCISE 41: IRREGULAR COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE FORMS

Complete the following sentences with the proper degrees of the "Adverbs" in brackets.
Example :
a. Kate speaks Spanish well.
(Positive)
b. Gilda speaks Spanish better than Kale (does). (Comparative)

c. Lora speaks Spanish the best of the three.
(Superlative)
1. a. Monica works.. ... .... .... ............... (little / less / the least)
b.Christina works........ ............................... Monica (does).
c.Marcella works .... .......................................... of the three.
2. a. Olenda sleeps ....................................... .. (a lot (much) / more / the most)
b. Claudia sleeps .... .... .... .......... ........ Olenda (does).
c.Patricia sleeps ................................................ of the three.
3. a. Paul plays tennis ................................................. (well / better / the best)
b. George plays tennis .......................................... Paul (does).
c. Charles plays tennis ..... .... ..... .... .....
of the three.
4. a. Nathalie sings Turkish songs .................................................. (badly / worse / the worst)

b. Olga sings Turkish songs ... ....... .....
... ....... Natalie (does).
c.Natasha sings Turkish songs ................................................ of the three.

5. a. Cinderella worked
................ (hard / harder / the hardest)
b. Rosemary worked................................................ Cinderella (did).

c.Elizabeth worked ........................ ..... .. of the three.
6. a. Rose gets up ..... .... .... ...................... (late /later / the latest)
b. Carol gets up ................................... Rose (does).
c. Nancy gets up ............................ .... .. of the three.
7. a. Jack ran .................................................. (fast / faster / the fastest)
b. Danny ran ........................................ Jack (did).
c. Tony ran .... ..... ..... ... ................ of the three.
8. a. Selda gets up ................................................ in the morning, (early / earlier / the earliest)
b. Mge gets up ........... .... .................... Selda in the morning.
c. Nkhet gets up................................................ of the three in the morning.
51

Rewrite the following sentences using the Comparative forms of "Much" or "Little" without changing the
meaning of the sentence.
MUCH
Example :
MORE
THE MOST
LITTLE
LESS
THE LEAST
My book is more interesting than yours. Your book is less interesting than mine.
1. Martha was more polite than Sharon (was).

2. Her chair is less comfortable than mine.
3. My father is more successful than yours.
4. My dog is less playful than hers.
5. I am more forgetful than Julia (is).
6. That snake is less dangerous than this snake.
7. Our teacher is more cheerful than theirs.
8. Travelling by air is more exciting than travelling by sea.
9. Margaret is less obedient than her sister.
10. Your classroom is noisier than ours.
11. A thunderstorm is less terrible than a hurricane.
12. Fishing is more relaxing than tennis.
13. A cold is less serious than flu.
14. Pamela is more helpful than Melissa (is).
15. Fiona is less enthusiastic than Stella (is)
52
EXERCISE 43 : DIFFERENT COMPARATIVE /SUPERLATIVE FORMS

Complete the following sentences with the Comparative and Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" and
"Adverbs" in brackets.
Example : a. Tom Cruise is handsomer than Mel Gibson. (handsome)
Tom Cruise is more handsome than Mel Gibson.
b. Kevin Costner is the handsomest of all the actors I know.
Kevin Costner is the most handsome of all the actors I know.
a. Julia is ................................................................. ... most people think, (clever)
Julia is ................................ ..... ........ most people think.
b. Jennifer is ............................................................................ girl in London.
Jennifer is .............................................................................. girl in London.
a. This hotel is ... ......... ... ... .... .... .... ........ ... the hotel you are staying at. (noisy)
This hotel is ............................................................. the hotel you are staying at.
b. This street is .......................................................................... street in Istanbul.
This street is ......................... ......... ..... ......... street in Istanbul.
a. Zeynep is ............................ ....... .. .... ..... Melissa. ( friendly)
Zeynep is .. .... ... ... ............... .......... ..... ..Melissa.
b. Isabella is ..... .......... .... .... .. ...... .... ........ girl on our team.
Isabella is ................................................................................ girl on our team.
a. Rose has got a .... .... ......... ... ..... smile ....... ..... .... ...... .....Helen (has), (pleasant)
Rose has got a ............................................... smile .............................................. Rose (has).
b. Helen has got.... ....... .. .... .... ..... .... .... ... .smile in the world.
Helen has got.... .. .............................................. smile in the world.
a. This law is ....................................................................... the one we are discussing about, (common)
This law is .................................. .............................. ... the one we are discussing about.
b. I think,... ..... .............. .... ... .... .... ..... ..surname in Turkey is "entrk".
I think,.............. ....................................................... surname in Turkey is " entrk ".
a. My nephew is.. ............. ... .................................... my niece, (polite)
My nephew is ............................................................ ...
.. my niece.
b. Maria is .................................... .... .... .... ... . woman in the group.

Maria is ........................... .. .. .... ....... . woman in the group.
a. This path has a .... ......... .... ..... .... .slope........................................... that one. (gentle)
This path has a .. ..................................... slope ........................... .... that one.
b. He was .............................................................................. man I have ever met.
He was ........ .... ..... ... ... ... .... .. .... ... man I have ever met
53
a. This plan of this building is ..................................................... that plan you are working on. (simple)
This plan is ................................................................................ that plan you are working on.
b. This is ................................................................................ mistake they have ever made.
This is ................................................................................ mistake they have ever made.
a. This man is ................................................................................ Jack the Ripper, (cruel)
This man is ................................................................................ Jack the Ripper.
b. This is ................................................................................ treatment we have received for years.
This is ................................................................................ treatment we have received for years.
a. The new vacuum cleaner is .............................................................. the one we used before, (quiet)
The new vacuum cleaner is ........................................................................... the one we used before.
b. This is ............................................................................. washing-machine we have ever bought.
This is ...................................................................................... washing-machine we have ever bought.
a. That boy is ........................................................................................... I think, (stupid)
That boy is ........................................................................................... I think.
b .That is ........................................................................................... idea that has come to my mind.
That is ........................................................................................... idea that has come to my mind.
a. This road is ........................................................................................... that road, (narrow)
This road is ........................................................................................... that road.
b. This is ........................................................................................... river in the Black Sea region.
This is ........................................................................................... river in the Black Sea region.
a. This part of the river is ...................................................................................... the other part, (shallow)
This part of the river is ........................................................................................... the other part.
b. This is ........................................................................................... part of the river.
This is ........................................................................................... part of the river.
a. Zeynep speaks ........................................................................................... Selda . (loud)
Zeynep speaks........................................................................................... Selda.
b. Gnl speaks ........................................................................................... of the three.
Gnl speaks ........................................................................................... of the three.
a. Helen goes to the cinema ......................................................................................... Nancy, (often)
Helen goes to the cinema ........................................................................................... Nancy.
b. Helga goes to the cinema ........................................................................................... of the three.
Helga goes to the cinema ........................................................................................... of the three.
54
EXERCISE 44 : COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF NOUNS

Complete the following sentences with the different quantities of "Nouns" using the "Words" in brackets.
i. MUCH
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
ii. MANY
COUNTABLE NOUN
iii. LITTLE
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
iv. FEW
COUNTABLE NOUN
Examples: a. Pamela has a lot of (much) time.
(Positive)
b. Susan is more Time than Pamela (has).
(Comparative)
c. Alice has the most time of the three.
(Superlative)
a. Matilda has few friends.

b. Mary has fewer friends than Matilda (has)
c. Janet has the fewest friends of the three.
1. Helga has .... .. ....... ... children, (a lot of (many) / more / the most)
Rita has ..................................... children ...................... Helga (has).
Clarissa has .............................. children of the three.
2. George has .......... ..........
money, (little / less / the least)
Tom has .... .. ....... .. . money .. ........... George (has).

Jim has ..................................... money of the three.
3. Aysegl has ........................ imagination, (little / less / the least)
Fates has ..................................... imagination .... .......... Aysegl (has).
Ipek has ............ .... .... imagination of the three.
4. There was..... .... ... .. ... pollution in Ankara, (a lot of (much) / more / the most)
There is ...................................... pollution in Ankara ...................... there was five years ago.
The managing director gets ..... ... .... .... money in our office.
5. There were ...................................... educational programs, (few / fewer / the fewest)
There are .... .... ...... .... .... educational programmes .... ...... there were two years ago.
We have got ..... ....................... educational programmes this year.
6. Monica has ..................................... books, (few / fewer / the fewest)
Rosemary has .. .... .. ... .......books.. ..... ...... Monica (has).
Nancy has .............. ............. books of the three.
7. Dilara has ..................................... patience, (a lot of (much) / more / the most)
Claudia has....... ........ .........patience... ..... ...Dilara (has).
Marcella has ... .... ............... patience of the three.
55
EXERCISE 45 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES (SIMILARITY)

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the following "Comparative Structure".
AS
ADJECTIVE
AS
Example: Julia is very beautiful. Linda is very beautiful, too. Julia is as beautiful as Linda (is) .
1. Paul has a lot of (many) children. Jack has a lot of (many) children, too.
2. The box is very heavy. The bag is very heavy, too.
3. Maria is very fat. Angela is very fat, too.
4. The red flower is very beautiful. The blue flower is very beautiful, too.
5. Mary is very careful. Sandra is very careful, too.
6. The Statue of Liberty is very famous. The Tower of London is very famous, too
7. Leyla is very young. Zeynep is very young, too.
8. Lolita is very poor. Rosemary is very poor, too.
9. This problem is very difficult. That problem is very difficult, too.
10. Horror films are very thrilling. Science fiction films are very thrilling, too.
11. My father is very cheerful. My mother is very cheerful, too.
12. My brother is very rich. Your brother is very rich, too.
13. Matilda is very friendly. Rebecca is very friendly, too.
14. I have a lot of (many) books. Peter has a lot of (many) books, too.
15. Hilda has a lot of (much) money. Sharon has a lot of (much) money, too.
16. My sister is talented for music. My brother is talented for music, too.
56
EXERCISE 46 : COMPARATIVE FORMS OF ADVERBS (SIMILARITY)

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the following "Comparative Structure".
AS
Example:
ADVERB
AS
Rose speaks German very well. Kate speaks German very well, too.
Rose speaks German as well as Kale (does).
Kale ran very fast. Melissa ran very fast, too.
Melissa ran as fast as Kale (did)
1. Melissa speaks Polish very fluently. Susan speaks Polish very fluently, too.
2. Tom works very hard. Diana works very hard, too.
3. My father plays the piano very badly. My mother plays the piano very badly, too.
4. Paul began playing the piano very late. Peter began playing the piano very late, too.
5. Martha started very early. Claudia started very early, too.
6. Peter writes very slowly. Tom writes very slowly, too.
7. Marry danced very gracefully. Belly danced very gracefully, too.
8. Tina runs very fast. Hilary runs very fast, too.
9. I play the piano very beautifully. Sally plays the piano very beautifully, too,
10. Lara speaks Russian very perfectly. Olga speaks Russian very perfectly.
11. Betty smokes a lot (much). Carol smokes a lot (much), too.
12. The President spoke very carelessly. The Premier spoke very carelessly, too.
13. My sister drives very carefully. My brother drives very carefully, too.
14. Tom escaped from prison mysteriously. Roger escaped from prison mysteriously, too.
15. The man expressed his opinion clearly. The girl expressed her opinion clearly, too.
57
EXERCISE 47: COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the "Structure" below.
NOT AS/NOT SO
ADJECTIVE
AS
NOT AS/NOT SO
ADVERB
AS
Example:
The red book is thick. The green book is very thick. (ADJECTIVE)
The red book is not as thick as the green one. The red book is not so thick as the green one.
Mary sings beautifully. Helen sings very beautifully. (ADVERB)

Mary does not sing as beautifully as Helen (does). Mary does not sing so beautifully as Helen (does).
1. Madrid is famous. Paris is very famous.

2. Ankara is crowded. Istanbul is very crowded.
3. Turkey is powerful. The United States of America is very powerful.
4. My father is young. My mother is very young.
5. Melissa is happy. Zeynep is very happy.
6. A Mercedes is expensive. A Rolls Royce is very expensive.
7. A dog is intelligent. A monkey is very intelligent.
8. Jane is careful. Molly is very careful.
9. The first problem was difficult. The second problem was very difficult.
10. My father plays the flute excellently. My sister plays the flute very excellently.
11. Natalie speaks English well. Lora speaks English very well.
12. My father behaves strangely. My mother behaves very strangely.
13. My father explains the lesson clearly. My teacher explains the lesson very clearly.
14. The boys did well in the exam. The girls did very well in the exam.
58
EXERCISE 48 :THE SAME + NOUN + AS

Combine the following pairs of sentences using structures below and the "Nouns" in brackets.
THE SAME
Example:
NOUN
AS
My book is red. His book is red. (colour)

My book is the same colour as his book.
His book is the same colour as mine (my book).
1. The red dress costs fifty dollars. The blue coat costs fifty dollars, (price)
2. Jane is six years old. Marjorie is six years old. (age)
3. My father plays the violin. My brother plays the violin, (musical instrument)
4. James has scarlet fever. Monica has scarlet fever, (disease)
5. Maria is studying Arabic. Julia is studying Arabic, (language)
6. Iran has a warm climate. Egypt has a warm climate, (kind of climate)
7. My mother was wearing a skirt. My sister was wearing a skirt, (kind of clothing)
8. I am fond of antiques. My mother is fond of antiques, (kind of furniture)
9. I arrived home at ten oclock. Rose arrived home at ten oclock, (time)
10. Maggie likes spaghetti. Martha likes spaghetti, (kind of food)
11. Rose had twenty dollars. Lisa had twenty dollars, (amount of money)
12. Helen has five children. Angela has five children, (number of children)
13. I am six feet tall. My sister is six feet tall, (height)
14. Songl lives in Paris. Sebnem lives in Paris, (city)
15. The hotel is two miles from here. The train station is Two miles from here, (distance)
59
Complete the following sentences with "IN", "THAN", "OF", "THE", "THE SAME" or "AS ... AS".
1. My father is older.......................................... my mother.

2. Istanbul is .......................................... most crowded city .......................................... Turkey.
3. Tom Cruise is .......................................... handsome .......................................... Mel Gibson.
4. Antalya is not.......................................... beautiful.......................................... Istanbul.
5. Eileen is .......................................... most beautiful girl.......................................... the world.
6. The city is noisier .......................................... the country.
7. The cheetah is .......................................... fastest animal.......................................... all.
8. Julia is .......................................... richest.......................................... the three.
9. You are losing weight but you are eating.......................................... as you usually do.
10. We stayed at.......................................... cheapest hotel.......................................... the town.
11. Everest is .......... highest mountain in the world. It is higher........... any other mountain in Turkey.
12. It was one of.......................................... most enjoyable holidays we have ever had.
13. Debbie went to .......................................... school as Ann did.
14. I don't read .......................................... quickly .......................................... he does.
15. I wear .......................................... perfume as my mother does.
16. ............................ older you grow,.................................... more intolerant you become, father!
17. The women in this factory work under.......................................... conditions as me.
18. There weren't......................... many people at this meeting......................................... the last one.
19. The meal cost less.......................................... I expected.
20. Greenland is .......................................... biggest island.......................................... the world.
21. My exam results are nearly.......................................... as yours; that's a real coincidence.
22. The leather coat is half................................... expensive .......................................... the fur one.
23. She makes more phone calls .......................................... anyone else.
24. .............................more he studied,......................... easier for him to solve the maths problems.
25. The weather in Konya is drier .......................................... the weather in Antalya.
26. Your name is .......................................... as my uncle's.
27. December is colder ...................... November, but January is ................coldest..................... all.
28. My job is .......................................... difficult.......................................... your father's.
29. The food in Turkey is more delicious .......................................... the food in Germany.
30. Today my secretary is busier ......................................... she was yesterday.
31. The Toyota is .................................. most economical car .......................................... the world.
32. The weather today is worse .......................................... it was yesterday.
33. You are more beautiful..................... yesterday, less beautiful................................ tomorrow.
60
EXERCISE 50 :PARALLEL COMPARATIVE (THE .... THE ...)

Rewrite the following sentences using the "Comparative Structure" below.
THE + COMPARATIVE...,
Example:
THE + COMPARATIVE...
If you eat more, you get fatter.

The more you eat, the fatter you get.
1. If it becomes winner, you want to work less.

2. If the wage increases bigger, the rate of inflation is / will be higher.
3. If he had more free time, he felt more relaxed.
4. If she felt tired, she ran more slowly.
5. If he was more worried, he smoked more cigarettes.
6. If he smoked more cigarettes, he ate less.
7. If Rosemary gets richer, she becomes more selfish,
8. If I know more, I become more aware of my ignorance
9. If I work harder, I succeed / will succeed better.
10. If you climb higher, you can see more.
11. If he gets older, he becomes / will become more bad tempered,
12. If you read more carefully, you understand / will understand better.
13. If you work harder, the exam will be easier,
14. If I practise playing the piano more, I become / will become more frustrated.
15. If your children grow older, they become / will become more tolerant.
61
EXERCISE 51 COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE
Answer the following questions.
A: What is the most expensive city in the world to live in?
B: .............................................................
A: What city in Turkey has the most crime?
B: .............................................................
A: Who is the tallest person in your family?
B: .............................................................
A: Which is more expensive, a Mercedes or a Rolls Royce?
B: .............................................................
A: Have you got more money or less money than your father has?
B: ............................................................
A: Which is longer, the Mississippi or the Amazon?
B: ............................................................
A: Is your mother as tall as your father (is)?
B
A: What is the name of the highest mountain in the world?
B: ............................................................................................
A: Which is more intelligent, a horse or a monkey?
B: ................................................................
A: What is the shortest month of the year?
B: .........................................................
A: What is the most popular sport in your country?
B: .............................................................
A: Do you always spend more money than your father?
B: .........................................................
A: What is the most boring film you have ever seen?
B: ............................................................
A: Is your hair as long as it used to be?
B: ............................................................
A: Which is more comfortable, a train or a plane?
B: .................................................................................................
A: Can you run as fast as your friend?
B: .............................................................
A: Who is the most famous person you have ever met?
B: .............................................................
62
EXERCISE 52: COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE

Answer the following questions.
A: Who is the funniest comedian in Turkey?
B: .........................,....................................................................................................................
A: Who is the best football player in Turkey?
B: ............................................................................................................................. .....
A: Who is the richest person in Turkey?
B: ...................................................................................................... ........................ .... .........
A: Can you speak English as fluently as your teacher?
B: ...................................... .........................................................................................................
A: Who is the most cheerful person in your family?
B: ............................................................................................... .............................................
A: Which is the largest continent in the world?
B: ..........................................................................................................................................
A: What is the coldest month of the year?
B: ............................................................................................................................................
A: Is France more powerful than the United States of America?
B: ...................................... .........................................................................................................
A: Is an elephant taller or shorter than a donkey?
B: ...................................... .........................................................................................................
A: Is the weather today better or worse than it was yesterday?
B: ............................................................................................................................................
A: Who is younger, your mother or your father?
B: ............................................................................................... ......... .............................. ....
A: Which is more expensive, Istanbul or Tokyo?
A: Is mathematics more difficult or less difficult than chemistry?
B: .............................................................................................................................................
A: Forty years ago, was life easier or more difficult than it is today?
B: ................................................................................................................................
A: What is the most difficult language in the world?
B: ........ ....................................................................... .... . ........................................ ............
A: Is a monkey more intelligent or less intelligent than a donkey?
B:
A: Can you speak French as fluently as a Frenchman?
B: ...............................................................................................................................
63
EXERCISE 53: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE)

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb "BE" in "The Present Simple".
AM
IS
ARE
A:.............................. your father a pilot with KLM?

B: No, he .............................. not. He .............................. a pilot with Turkish Airlines.
A: .............................. the windows of the car open?
B: Yes, they .............................. open.
A:.............................. you American citizens?
B: No, we .............................. not American citizens. We .............................. Turkish citizens.
A:.............................. Atatrk in the hearts of Turkish people?
B: Yes, of course, he .............................. in the very hearts of Turkish people?
A:.............................. your parents the members of this club?
B: No, they .............................. not the members of this club.
A:.............................. the weather very cold today?
B: No, it.............................. not very cold today.
A:.............................. you and Elizabeth cousins?
B: No, we .............................. not cousins. We .............................. not related to each other.
A:.............................. the students in the garden?
B: Yes, they.............................. in the garden.
A. .............................. your baby in bed?
B: No, it.............................. not in bed. It.............................. in my arms.
A:.............................. your father very good at tennis?
B: Yes, he .............................. very good at tennis.
A:............................. your teachers well-qualified?
B: Yes, they.............................. well-qualified.
A:.............................. you very clever?
B: No, I.............................. not very clever.
A:............................. I at the service of the King?
B: Of course, you .............................. at the service of the King.
A:.............................. one of the teachers in hospital now?
B: Yes, one of the teachers .............................. in hospital now.
A:.............................. all the children in front of the building?
B: Yes, all the children .............................. in front of the building.
A:.............................. your father an officer in the Turkish Air Force?
B: No, he .............................. not an officer in the Turkish air Force. He is in the Turkish Navy.
64
EXERCISE 54 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (VERB: BE)

Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative'.
Example:
Are you from the United States of America?

Yes, I am from the United States of America.
No, I am not from the United States of America.
1. Is your father fond of classical music?
a. Yes, ................... .. .... .... ....................... ... ..... .........................
b. No, ........ ... ... .... .............................. .. ..
....................
.....
2. Are there many parks in Istanbul?

Yes, .................... .. ... .... ... ..................... .... .... ... ..... ...
No, .... ... ... ..... .... ....................... ... ... .. ...... ..................
3. Are they proud of their children?
Yes,...................................... ............................. ..... .... .. .
No, ................... .... ........ .... ....................... ... .... ........................
4. Are your children afraid of spiders?
a. Yes,
... ..................... ... .... ... .....................
... ..... .... ..
No, .... ... .... ..... ... .. ........................ ... .. ...........................

5. Is bungee jumping a very exciting sports?
Yes, ............. ... .... ... .................................. ..... .. .... .... ...........
No, ..... ..... .... ..... ... ...................... ... ... .... ......................... .
6. Are your classmates interested in Turkish literature?
Yes, ............................ ... ... ................................ ..... .... ...........
No,. ....... ... .. .... .................. ....... ..... ... ........................ .
7. Is there any water in the bottle?
a. Yes, ................... ... .......... ........................ ... ... ....
.. ..................
No,... .. .. .... ... ............................. ... ..... ........................ .. .

8. Are the rooms of this hotel full of tourists?
a. Yes, ... .... ............... ........ ... .. ................ ..
.. ...
... .
No,...................... .... ... ... ...................... .... ..... .... ................

9. Ami familiar with this type of work?
a. Yes, .... ................... .... ... ..... ...............
.. .... ...
.. ........
b .No, ..... ... .. ... ................ .. ......... ....................... ... ..

10. Are you ashamed of your poor clothes?
a. Yes, .... .... .................. .... ... ... .............................
... ..
... ..
b. No,.. .... ....... ....... .... .. ... .. ....................... ..... ... .......
65
EXERCISE 55: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (HAVE GOT/ HAS GOT)

Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative".
Example:
Have you got a calculator?
Has your sister got a car?
Yes, I have got a calculator.
Yes, she has got a car.
No, I have not got a calculator.
No, she has not got a car.
1. Has your mother got small hands?

a. Yes, .........................................................................................................
b. No, ..........................................................................................................
2. Have you got a villa in Istanbul?
a. Yes, .........................................................................................................
b. No, ..........................................................................................................
3. Has your father got a gold watch?
a. Yes, .....................................................................................................
b. No, ......................................................................................................
4. Have you got a long beard?
a. Yes, ....................................................................................................
b. No, .............................................................................................
5. Have your parents got two dogs?
a. Yes, .................................................................................................
b. No, ................................................................................................
6. Has Maria got a beautiful garden?
a. Yes, ..............................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................
7. Have you got three children?
a. Yes, .............................................................................................
b. No, ..............................................................................................
8. Has your sister got a bad cold?
a. Yes, .............................................................................................
b. No, ..............................................................................................
9. Has Istanbul got many historical places?
a. Yes, .............................................................................................................
b. No, .............................................................................................................
10. Have you got much money in your pocket?
a. Yes, ...................................................................................................
b. No, ..................................................................................................
66

Complete the questions using 'The Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below and the correct forms of the "Main
Verbs" in the answers.
DO / DOES
Example:
A: What time do the Browns have breakfast?

B: They have breakfast at seven oclock.
1. A: Whenthe childrentennis?
B: The children play tennis in the afternoon.
2. A: Howthe studentsthe problems?
B: The students solve the problems easily.
3. A: What timeyour sisterto bed?
B: My sister goes to bed at eleven oclock.
4. A: How much moneyyour father?
B: My father earns a lot of money.
5. A: Whoyour fatherto the cinema every week?
B: My father takes me to the cinema every week.
6. A: Whatyouwith?
B: I write with a pen,
7. A: Whereyour son?
B: My son works in a hospital in Istanbul.
8. A: Whoyour sister?
B: I think she loves Kevin Costner.
9. A: How longit you to go To school by bus?
B: It takes me twenty minutes to go to school by bus.
10. A: How longyour fatherin the waiting room?
B: My father waits in the waiting room until the train comes.
11. A: With whomBettyin London?
B: Betty lives with her parents in London.
12. A: Who/whomthe teachera piece of advice?
B: The teacher gives the students a piece of advice.
13. A: How much timethe doctorsto play tennis?
B: The doctors have a lot of time to play tennis.
14. A: How oftenyour brotherto the theatre?
B: My brother goes to the theatre twice a month.
15. A: How many hoursyour sisterEnglish every day?
B: My sister studies English for two hours every day.
67

Substitute "HE" or "SHE" for the subject in each of the following sentences
Example :
The children study their lessons every day.

He studies his lessons every day.
She studies her lessons every day.
1.I teach Japanese to my parents on Sunday mornings.

She ....................................................................................
2. We have German lessons in the morning.
He .....................................................................................
3. The workmen rush at the children.
She ....................................................................................
4. We do our homework at home.
He .....................................................................................
5. They cry for their beloved country
She ....................................................................................
6. They fly to London every Saturday
He .....................................................................................
7. I do not have any money in my pocket.
She ....................................................................................
8. You go to the cinema by yourself.
He .....................................................................................
9. They try to do their homework in the morning.
She ....................................................................................
10. We watch television every night.
He ....................................................................................
11. Those people box excellently.
She ...................................................................................
12. The workers hurry to the factory early in the morning.
He ....................................................................................
13. The children don't go to the cinema on Sundays.
She ...................................................................................
14. My friends have a picnic on the island every week.
He ....................................................................................
15. We don't take Julia to the cinema every week.
She ...................................................................................
16. The teachers relax and forget about their problems at school.
He .........................................................................
68

Give "Negative" answers to the questions and then "Positive" answers, using the words in brackets.
Example
A: Is your sister married to Abbas? (Binali)

B: No, She is not married to Abbas. She is married to Binali.
A: Does your father work in London? (Paris)

No,
A: Do you speak German? (Spanish)
No,
A: Does your sister live with Orhan? (Mslim)
No,
A: Is your sister's name Margaret? (Julia)
No,
A: Are you from Istanbul? (Mersin)
No,
A: Does this book cost 25 dollars? (50 dollars)
No,
A: Do you like playing the piano? (the guitar)
No,
A: Does she always talk about slavery? (freedom)
No,
A: Is your lather a teacher? ( a medical doctor)
No,
A: Do you often go to Darende on business? (Grn)
No,
A: Do you want to sell your house? (my car)
No,
A: Do your children like classical music? (pop music)
No,
A: Is your father at home? (at work)
No,
A: Does your father speak English well? (badly)
No,
A: Do you drink coffee at the parties? (juice)
No,
A: Is your brother engaged to Canan? (Jale)
No,
69
EXERCISE 59 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE)

Example: Do you speak Russian very well?
a. Yes, I speak Russian very well.
b. No, I do not speak Russian very well.
1. Do you always spend your summer holidays in Antalya?
a. Yes,...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
2. Do you know how to make coffee?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
3. Does money always bring happiness?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
4. Does your father usually watch television at night?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
5. Do your friends have a picnic on the island every Sunday?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
6. 6. Does your English teacher always speak English in class?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
7. Do you cheat in the examination once in a while?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
8. Do you usually help your mother in the kitchen?
c. Yes, ...............................................................
d. No,.................................................................
9. Does the train always arrive at the station on time?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
10. Does your older brother generally take you to the theatre on Saturdays?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
70
1. Do I frequently ask you easy questions?

a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
2. Does your father speak several foreign languages?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
3. Do we always play tennis on Sunday mornings?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
4. Does your mother get up early in the morning?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
5. Does your sister wear very expensive clothes?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
6. Do you always drink tea at breakfast?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
7. Do the people in your village regularly go to mosque?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
8. Do you always make mistakes in English?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b.No,.................................................................
9. Does your teacher generally sit in the sun?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
10. Do your parents always go for a walk in the country?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
11. Does your teacher always tell you to practise your English?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
12. Do people smoke cigarettes in the theatre in Turkey?
a. Yes, ...............................................................
b. No,.................................................................
71

Write questions for the answers beginning with the "Question Words" given.
Example:
A: Where does Abbas go every week?

B: Abbas goes to the cinema every week.
A: How many........................................................................................................
B: Melissa has got two sisters.
A: Who ........................................................................................................
B: My brother doesn't play backgammon with me.
A: How often ........................................................................................................
B: My English teacher visits his parents twice a week.
A: How long ........................................................................................................
B: The students study English for two hours every day.
A: What time ........................................................................................................
B: Helen usually goes to bed at eleven oclock.
A: How long ........................................................................................................
B: It takes my father three hours to go to work by bus.
A: Who ........................................................................................................
B: I am married to Jennifer.
A: What ........................................................................................................
B: The history exam starts at ten oclock sharp.
A: What ........................................................................................................
B: My son is a medical doctor.
A: Where ........................................................................................................
B: Erzurum is in the east of Turkey.
A: How ........................................................................................................
B: My friends always go to school on foot.
A: How old ........................................................................................................
B: My brother is twenty five years old.
A: How ........................................................................................................
B: My daughter is very well, thank you.
A: How well ........................................................................................................
B: My father speaks Spanish very well.
A: How much ........................................................................................................
B: Matilda has got a lot of money in the bank.
A: With whom ........................................................................................................
B: Selma goes swimming with her father every day.
72
A: What kind ........................................................................................................

B: My sister always listens to classical music.
A: How........................................................................................................
B: Sabrina speaks French excellently.
A: How long........................................................................................................
B: Rose waits until the teacher comes into the classroom.
A: Why........................................................................................................
B: Miry likes playing chess because it is very exciting.
A: How many........................................................................................................
B: Five people share this room.
A: Whose........................................................................................................
B: My student's lather goes for a walk in the park.
A: What........................................................................................................
B: September comes after August.
A: When.......................................................................................................
B: My father likes climbing mountains in the summer.
A: Where........................................................................................................
B: Mandy and Nancy live in the centre of Istanbul.
A: What........................................................................................................
B: My sister likes going to the cinema with Peter.
A: Who/whom........................................................................................................
B: We visit our parents at weekends.
A: What........................................................................................................
B: There are sheep behind the farm house.
A: Where........................................................................................................
B: My father comes from Japan.
A: What........................................................................................................
B: I am Turkish.
A: What........................................................................................................
B: An accident happens on this junction every day.
A: Until when........................................................................................................
B: Rose waits until the teacher stops talking.
A: When........................................................................................................
B: The sky becomes dark after the sun sets.
A: What........................................................................................................
B: Tulips grow in the Netherlands.
73

Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences.
Example:
A: What time does Helen get up?

B: Helen gets up at seven oclock.
A: ................................................................
B: Lillian arrives home at midnight.
A: ................................................................
B: My sister teaches English to the medical students.
A: ................................................................
B: My father walks to work because he doesn't have a car.
A: ................................................................
B: My father is a hairdresser.
A: ................................................................
B: No, he doesn't have breakfast at six oclock.
A: ................................................................
B: The student lives in the mountains.
A: ................................................................
B: My father leaves work at five oclock in the evening.
A: ................................................................
B: We visit our uncle at the weekends.
A: ................................................................
B: Pamela speaks Polish very well.
A: ................................................................
B: Lolita is from Paris.
A: ................................................................
B: Oliver likes playing tennis with his English teacher.
A: ................................................................
B: Mandy gets up early on Monday mornings.
A: ................................................................
B: The book on the table is very interesting.
A: ................................................................
B: Matilda works in a bank in London.
A: ................................................................
B: Yes, I go swimming on Sundays.
A: ................................................................
B: I have eggs for breakfast.
74
A: ................................................................
B: My sister goes to work by bus.
A:
B: My brother works for the B.H.C.
A:
B: I am fifteen years old.
A:
B: The weather is very told today.
A:
B: Yes, there is a television set in the living room.
A:
B: Rose waits until the teacher stops talking.
A:
B: My eyes are green.
A:
B: There are three chairs in the garden.
A:
B: I have a lot of money in my pocket.
A:
B: William and Lucy play tennis in the evening.
A:
B: I always go swimming in the morning.
A:
B: There is a tree in the garden.
A:
B: I am very well, thanks a lot.
A:
B: The Vivaldi CD is five pounds.
A:
B: There are sheep in the field.
A:
B: The brown envelopes are two pounds.
A:
B: Janet has a bicycle.
A:
B: My sister has got many friends in Istanbul.
75
A:
B: My parents go to the cinema on Saturday evenings.
A:
B: Melissa has got a lot of books in her house.
A: ..
B: An accident happens in front of the hospital every day.
A: ..
B: They go dancing every Saturday.
A: ..
B: The summer comes after the spring.
A: ..
B: The students go to Paris twice a year.
A:..
B: Mary likes bungee jumping because it is very exciting.
A: ..
B: Lisa speaks three languages perfectly.
A: ..
B: My father is very fond of classical music.
A: ..
B: No, I am not married.
A:..
B: Her name is Elizabeth Taylor.
A: ..
B: Five people live in my house.
A: ..
B: My English teacher speaks English fluently.
A: ..
B: My sister does her homework at home.
A: ..
B: My brother has lunch at midday.
A: ..
B: Silvia has got seven brothers.
A:..
B: The teacher likes horror films.
A:..
B: The children play football in front of the house.
76
EXERCISE 62: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY)

Answer the following questions putting the "Adverbials" in brackets in the right place.
Example:
Does she always speak English with her friends? (always)

Yes, she always speaks English with her friends.
No, she doesnt always speak English with her friends.
A: Do you ever go to the circus? (never)

B: No,..................................................................
A: Does your father ever work on Sundays? (usually)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Does your sister ever play tennis on Saturdays? (sometimes)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Do you ever go to the circus in Turkey? (seldom)
B: No, ,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Does your father ever go to mosque? (frequently)
B: Yes, ,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Do you ever go shopping in the morning? (once in a blue moon)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Does your father often go to the cinema? (rarely)
B: No,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Does your teacher often give you a piece of advice? (usually)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Do you ever watch television at the weekend? (hardly ever)
B: No,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Is the weather usually warm in May? (always)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Is your father very careful about his money? (always)
B: No,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Do you always take your mother to the theatre? (sometimes)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Does your sister ever forget to brush her teeth? (often)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Do you often swim in the swimming pool? (generally)
B: No,..........................................................................................................................................
A: Are you nervous before you take an exam? (always)
B: Yes,..........................................................................................................................................
77
EXERCISE 63 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY)

Put the "Adverbials" in brackets in the proper positions in the sentences.
Example:
I speak English with my teacher, (always)

I always speak English with my teacher
I do not always speak English with my teacher.
Do I always speak English with my teacher?
1. Maggie listens to classical music on the radio, (often)

2. Maggie docs not listen to classical music on the radio, (often)
3. Docs Maggie listen to classical music on the radio? (often)
4. My father tells me the truth, (always)
5. My father docs not tell me the truth, (always)
6. Does my father tell me the truth? (always)
7. Our children get to school on time, (usually)
8. Our children do not get to school on time, (usually)
9. Do our children get to school on time? (usually)
10. My mother lakes sugar in her coffee, (generally)
11. My mother does not lake sugar in her coffee, (generally)
12. Does my mother lake sugar in her coffee? (generally)
13. Our English teacher helps the poor, (frequently)
14. Our English teacher does not help the poor, (frequently)
15. Does our English teacher help the poor (frequently)
16. My sister plays tennis on Saturdays, (sometimes)
78

Example: Do you get dressed as soon as you get up?
c. Yes, I get dressed as soon as I get up.
d. No, I do not get dressed as soon as I get up.
1. Do you get up when the sun rises?
a. Yes.
b. No.
2. Do you turn the lights on when it gets dark?
a. Yes.
b. No.
3. Does your mother buy a lot of chocolates if/when she has a lot of money?
a. Yes.
b. No.
4. Does your mother eat breakfast as soon as she gets up?
a. Yes.
b. No.
5. Do you understand the teacher when he speaks English quickly?
a. Yes.
b. No.
6. Does your mother sing while she does the housework?
a. Yes.
b. No.
7. Does your father drive fast when he is in a hurry?
a. Yes.
b. No.
8. Does your sister watch horror films on television before she goes to bed?
a. Yes.
b. No.
9. Do you sleep until the alarm clock rings?
a. Yes.
b. No.
10. Does your mother go on a diet when she gets fat?
a. Yes.
b. No.
79
11. Do people in Turkey pay attention to the traffic signs while they drive?
a. Yes.
b. No.
12. Do you always get seasick if/when you travel by ship?
a. Yes,..............................................................................................................................................
b. No,...............................................................................................................................................
13. Do your parents go swimming if/when the weather is sunny?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
14. Do people in your country take off their shoes before they enter their houses?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
15. Do you always eat something after you get home from school?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
16. Does your father always drink wine if/when he is not happy?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
17. Do you always book a table before you go to a restaurant?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
18. Does your mother get out of the room as soon as you start playing the piano?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
19. Do your friends usually wash their hands before they have their meals?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
20. Do your children play outside until they get tired?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
21. Does your sister get up when the sun rises in the morning?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
22. Do your friends always complain to the teacher when you make a noise?
a. Yes, ...............................................................................................................................................
b. No, ...............................................................................................................................................
80
EXERCISE 65: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

Answer the following sentences using the prompts on the list below.
* take a cold shower
* buy a lot of clothes * stand up
* go to bed
* get dark
* turn the lights on
* go to (the) hospital
* have a shower
* drink a lot of wine * go to the cinema
* put on a lot of weight * go on a diet
* go for a walk
* play the piano
* go to the dentist
* help the poor
Example: A: What does your father do if he does bodily exercises?

B: My father takes a cold shower if he does bodily exercises.
19. A: What do you do when you are sleepy?

20. B:.
21. A: What do the students do when the teacher enters the classroom?
22. B:.
23. A: What does your brother do after he gets up in the morning?
24. B:.
25. A: What do you do when it gets dark?
26. B:.
27. A: What happens when the sun sets in the evening?
28. B:.
29. A: What does your sister do when she has free time?
30. B:.
31. A: What does your father do if he gets sick?
32. B:.
33. A: What does your mother do when the sun shines?
34. B:.
35. A: What does your sister always do when she is happy?
36. B:.
37. What happens if you eat too much?
38. B:.
39. A: What do you do when you have terrible toothache?
40. B:.
41. A: What does your father like to do when there is a party?
42. B:.
43. A: What does your mother do if she gets fat?
44. B:.
81
EXERCISE 66 THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

Answer the following questions using the "Prompts" on the list below.
* read funny books
* have a shower
* get dark
* change clothes
* smile
* have a rest
* get nervous
* go for a walk
* eat something
* turn the lights on
* have a drink
* go to the police station
* get out of bed
* put on a lot of weight
* go to the cinema
* go to hospital
A: What do you do when you are hungry?

B:.
A: What does your mother do when she is tired?
B:.
A: What do you do if / when you are pleased?
B:.
A: What does your teacher do when she gets bored?
B:.
A: What do you do when you wake up?
B:.
A: What does your sister do when she gets thirsty?
B:.
A: What do your friends do when the weather is sunny?
B:.
A: What happens when you eat too much?
B:.
A: What do you do when it gets dark?
B:.
A: What do you do as soon as you get up?
B:.
A: What do you do when you come home from school?
B:.
A: What happens when the sun sets?
B:.
A: What does your mother do when she has free time?
B:.
A: What does your father do when he gets sick?
B:.
A: What happens when you have an exam?
B:.
82
EXERCISE 67: THE PRESENT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)

Put the verbs in the following pair of sentences into "The Present Simple" and combine them with the
"Conjunctions" in brackets.
Example:
Lisa (put on) her clothes. She (get up) in the morning, (when)
Lisa puts on her clothes when she gets up in the morning.
1. Jane (not, understand) the reading passage. She (read) it twice, (until)
2. My teacher (get) angry with me. I (leave) my books at home, (if)
3. It (get) dark. We (turn on) the lights. (when)
4. I (always, play) tennis with her. I (start) doing my homework, (before)
5. Children (live) with their parents. They (get) married, (until)
6. I (get) dressed. I (finish) my work, (as soon as)
7. My father (smoke) a pipe. He (drive) his car. (while)
8. We (throw) a stone into the sea. It (sink) to the bottom, (if)
9. They (spend) their time visiting the historical places. They (be) in France, (while)
10. She (take) a shower. She (play) tennis in the morning, (as soon as)
11. I always (take off) my shoes. I (enter) a mosque, (before)
12. My father (shout at) me. I (come) home after midnight, (whenever)
13. I (go) to the dentist, I (have) toothache (the moment)
14. Pamela (not, sleep) well. She (have) some problems, (when)
15. There (be) no danger in using this machine. You (stick) to the safety regulations, (as long as)
16. I (always, wear) a seat-belt. I(have) an accident, (in case)
83

Complete the following sentences in "The Present Simple", using "The Correct Forms of the Verbs" on the
lists below.
SHINE,
HAVE, SPEAK, LIKE, SPEND, DRINK, SMOKE, GO, TAKE, WEAR
1. I always ........................................... my dog for a walk in the park.

2. I don't want........................................... this jacket because it is very old.
3. Selda ...........................................English very fluently.
4. Who ........................................... listening to pop music in your family?
5. The moon and the stars ........................................... in the sky at night.
6. How much coffee does your mother ........................................... in a day?
7. Wendy ........................................... breakfast at six oclock in the morning.
8. Who ........................................... a pipe in your family?
9. Mr. Brown never...........................................downtown by bus.
10. They always ........................................... their summer holidays in Antalya.
KNOW, RISE, STUDY, WATCH, DO, MAKE, HAVE, HELP, GET UP, BE
11. There ........................................... a lot of people in the garden now.

12. The students don't always ........................................... their homework in the evening.
13. The children............................................a picnic with their friends at the weekend.
14. The rich lady always ........................................... the poor.
15. Does the sun always ........................................... in the east?
16. My father doesn't........................................... everything about the history of this city.
17. My mother ........................................... a lot of television at night.
18. Natalie doesn't usually ........................................... early on Sunday mornings.
19. Nora ...........................................English for two hours every night.
20. Does Mary ........................................... many pronunciation mistakes when she speaks English?
PLAY,
PAY, GET,
KEEP,
STRIKE,
FEEL,
BUY,
DO, RAISE,
BECOME
21. All the time my mother........................................... the dishes, I listen to the radio.
22. You are happier as long as you ........................................... away from your wife.
23. The instant our music teacher .................................... his hand. we start singing our national anthem.
24. I ......................................... back-gammon with my friend till my father comes home.
25. Diana ........................................... attention to the traffic signs while she drives her car.
26. While I travel in a plane, I always ........................................... unrest.
27. Every time we go out in our car, our little boy ........................................... sick.
28. As I get older, I........................................... more suspicious of strangers.
29. I ring the bell as soon as the clock ........................................... ten.
30. If I go abroad, I always ........................................... presents for my children.
84

Answer the following questions on your own.
1. What time do you get up every morning?
2. Where do you live?
3. How many brothers and sisters have you got?
4. How often do you go to the cinema?
5. Who speaks English in your family?
6. Where do your parents spend their summer holidays every year?
7. What is the weather like today?
8. What do you do after you have lunch every day?
9. What time do you have breakfast in the morning?
10. Where does the Prime Minister of Turkey live?
11. What sort of books does your father read on his holidays?
12. What do you do before you go to bed every night?
13. How many continents are there on the Earth?
14. When does the sun rise?
15. How many times do you brush your teeth every day?
16. How long do you study English every day?
17. How many ears do you have?
18. How many people are there in your family?
85
EXERCISE 70: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)

Example:
A: Who is looking at the beautiful girl?

B: David is looking at the beautiful girl.
A:.
B: The children are watching a horror film on TV at the moment.
A: .
B: We are visiting our English teacher at the hospital.
A: .
B: Selda is singing a Turkish song with her students now.
A: .
B: My father is coming to Istanbul in the afternoon.
A: .
B: Eileen's daughter is taking an English exam tomorrow morning.
A: .
B: We are waiting for the bus at the bus-stop at the moment.
A: .
B: My father is watching Rita Hayward's film on TV now.
A: .
B: You are carrying two suitcases at present.
A: .
B: Mandy is ironing the shirts at the moment.
A: .
B: My mother is making a cake in the kitchen now.
A: .
B: My aunt is knitting a pullover for Matilda.
A: .
B: The soldiers are hiding in the forest
A: .
B: The children are singing our national anthem beautifully.
A: .
B: The girl is crying because her friends are making fun of her
A:
B: The tourist is speaking French with my father.
A: .:
B: The boys are cleaning my father's car at the moment.
86
EXERCISE 72 : THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Put the "Verbs" in brackets into "The Present Simple or Continuous Tenses".
Example:
My sister (go) ................................................. to the cinema every week.

My sister goes to the cinema every week.
Be quiet! The baby (sleep).................................................in its cradle now.
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping in its cradle now.
1. Abbas (usually, study) ............................................................ in the library on Saturdays.

2. At present we (sit) ............................................................ at the table and doing our homework.
3. He (always, sing).........................................while he (have)...............................................a bath.
4. Children (live) ..........................with their parents until they (get)...............................married.
5. The children (have) ............................................................ a good time with their friends now.
6. Dogs (bark).................................... when they (get) ............................................ hungry.
7. Look! It (rain).............................again. It (always, rain) ......................when you clean your car.
8. I (think) .......................................... she (be)..................................................very happy.
9. He (usually, smoke).............................a pipe, but he (smoke) .................................a cigar now.
10. He (usually, get) ...................up at seven, but this morning he (get) .................up at eight oclock.
11. Listen! Somebody (sing) ............................................................ a beautiful Spanish song.
12. Listen! I (think)................................. someone (knock) ................................... at the door.
13. Table tennis (become) ............................................................ more and more popular these days.
14. I (get)..............uncontrollable urges for junk food when I (watch) ...............the television at home.
15. My watch (generally, keep) ..............perfect time, but these days it (not, work)................properly.
16. I (imagine) .......................... that the teacher (speak)........................................... Italian very well.
17. For the time being we (stay) ............................................................ at this hotel by the sea.
18. Please go away! I (try) ............................................................ to lull the baby to sleep.
19. My brother (not, have) ............................................................ a cold shower every morning.
20. What kind of music (you love)..........................................................I wonder?
21. (You/know) ..................................who (come)............................................ to the party tonight?
22. My mother (always / take) ................................................. the dog for a walk after breakfast.
23. (Your mother / think) ....................... that smoking hubble-bubble (be)....................... dangerous?
24. We (have) ............................................................ a lot of friends in Istanbul.
25. I (think) .................................... that this book (be) .......................................... very interesting.
26. My sister (make) ............................................................ a dress for herself these days.
27. My sister (usually, play)................................the piano until my father (get) .........................angry.
28. My father (work) .................. in the garden while we (lay) ...................................... the table.
29. The referee (want) ............................... the match because it (rain) .............................. now.
30. Your friendship (mean) ................................................ a great deal to me.
87
EXERCISE 73: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "Verbs" in brackets. Use "The Present
Simple" or "The Present Continuous".
Example :
Linda ... ................. the woman standing over there, (know)

Linda knows the woman standing over there.
1. I
................... .. problems with ray mobile-phone these days, (have)
2. Your pizza... .. ................. very delicious, (taste)

3. I..
...... ... ......... the soup to see if it has enough sail in it. (taste)
4. Mandy ............ .. .. .... that Russian is very difficult, (think)

5. My friend . .. ............. .... about what I said, (think)
6. He ...... ................... his father more and more as the years go by, (resemble)
7. She ..................... ... to be very busy at the moment, (appear)
8. The famous actor ... .............. ......... at the Ritz next week, (appear)
9. This coffee.. .. ................ ... bitter, (taste)
10. Day by day I . .. .... .. .. .. a lot of my French, (forget)
11. I don't hear anything, f think you ..
..................
things, (imagine)
12. Jennifer ...................... ... a book in her hand now . (have)

13. My father ..... ..... .... .... .. a cold shower at the moment, (have)
14. The hook .... ... .................. around five dollars, (cost)
15. It ..... .................... like Japanese music, (sound)
16. I............................. the roses to see if they... ..
.... ....... nice, (smell/smell)
17. She ................. .... ... that the operation will be successful, (believe)
18. Susan .... .. ................. the baby tonight while we are out. (mind)
19. I am tired of working in an office. I .... .... ......... ..... of changing my job. (think)
20. This car ................ ... ..... .. my uncle, (belong to)
21. My brother.. .... ..................... a lot of Carol these days, (see)
22. This book . .. ..................
all the information you need, (contain)
23. I............ ... ....... my lawyer tomorrow, (see)

24. He is very clever, but he........... ... ..... experience, (lack)
25. The grocer .. ........................ the apples on the scales at the moment, (weigh)
26. I. ..... .................. Helene very much, (love)
27. The bridge .. .... .... .............. ten meters from one side to the other, (measure)
28. Today, my father ............................... the President of Turkey, (be)
29. That dress looks lovely; red really ... ...................... you. (suit)
30. The meal .... .................... wonderful tropical fruit, (consist of)
88
EXERCISE 74 THE PAST SIMPLE

Complete the following sentences with the "Correct Forms of the Verbs" "BE" or "DO" as a "Main Verb" or
"Ordinary Auxiliary Verb".
AM
DO
WAS
IS
DOES
WERE
ARE
DID
WERE
A:....................................you go to the cinema last night?

B: No, I.......................... not go to the cinema last night, because I........................... very ill.
A:....................................your father in Paris last month?
B: Yes, he .................................... in Paris last month.
A:....................................you going to the theatre tonight?
B: No, I....................................not going to the theatre tonight.
A:....................................your father in the habit of smoking a pipe now?
B: No, he .................................... not in the habit of smoking a pipe now.
A:................................you interested in photography when you .................................... young?
B: Yes, I................................. interested in photography when I.................................... young.
A: What.................................... the weather like today?
B: I think it.................................... very cloudy today.
A:.................................... your parents want to go sightseeing yesterday?
B: No, they.................................... not want to go sightseeing yesterday.
A:.................................... you very tired when you came back home?
B: No, I.................................... not very tired when I came back home.
A:.................................... your teachers take you to the zoo every spring?
B: No, they.................................... not take us to the zoo every spring.
A: Who .................................... the dishes in your family?
B: My sister.................................... the dishes in my family.
A: What kind of music ........................... you fond of?
B: I.................................... fond of classical music.
A: Why .................................... your father not write the report?
B: He .......................... not write the report because he ......................very busy last night.
A:.................................... your teacher dancing with you now?
B ; No, he .........................not dancing with me now, he ........................dancing with Janet.
A: What.................................... your sister doing at the moment?
B: She .................................... not doing anything. She .................................... just thinking.
89
EXERCISE 75 THE PAST SIMPLE (VERB: BE)

Example : Was your father here ten minutes ago?
Yes, he was here ten minutes ago.
No, he was not here ten minutes ago.
Were your parents in London last year?
Yes, they were in London last year.
No, they were not in London last year.
1. Were you very busy last night?

Yes, ..... ................................... ... .. ................................
No,........... ........ ........ .. ...........................................
.... .....
... .... ....
2. Was your mother very happy in Cyprus?

Yes, ............................ ... .... ... .............................. .... .....
No,..... ...................................................................................................
3. Were your parents at the party the other day?
Yes, ................................................................................................. ....
No, ................. ............... ......................................................... .... .....
4. Were you interested in classical music five years ago?
Yes, ...................................................... .... ...............................
No............. ... ......... ... .... .................................... ... .... ..... .... ..
5. Was the weather very rainy yesterday?
Yes, ..................................................... .. .............................................
No, ................................. ... .................................................. .... ....
6. Was your father married to your mother twenty years ago?
Yes...... ..... ... .....................................................................................
No, ................................................ .....................................................
7. Were you ill before you went to bed last night?
Yes,.... ..... ........................................................... ... ............................
No,........................ ..........................................................................
8. Was your father very happy when your little brother was born
Yes, ..... ................................... ...................................................
No,..... ................................................................................... ...
9. Was I under the control of the doctor when you were in Paris?
Yes, .............. .................................................................. ..........
No, ..... ......... ............................................. .... .. ...
90
EXERCISE 76 : THE PAST SIMPLE (SIMPLE SENTENCE)

Example: Did you go to the cinema last night?
b. Yes, I went to the cinema last night.
c. No, I did not go to the cinema last night.
1. Did you have breakfast this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
2. Did the baby drink all the milk last night?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
3. Did your father wake up early this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
4. Did you spend all your money in Paris last year?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
5. Did the sunrise at seven oclock this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
6. Did your father leave home at seven oclock this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
7. Did your father sleep for ten hours last night?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
8. Did you see the teacher in front of the school yesterday evening?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
9. Did your father pay the electric bill at the end of the month?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
10. Did you meet many interesting people at the party last night?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
91
11. Did your parents always fly with Turkish Airlines to Paris?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
12. Did your sister always speak English in the class?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
13. Did your friends make many grammatical mistakes in the class yesterday?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
14. Did you eat an apple before breakfast this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
15. Did your sister wear her new dress to the party last week?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
16. Did your children do their homework in the evening?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
17. Did your teacher write a letter to your father?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
18. Did the students get up late this morning?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
19. Did the Turkish workers build this bridge many years ago?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
20. Did your father teach French to you?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
21. Did the woman tell you the truth about the bank robbery?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
22. Did the children sing Kalian songs at the party last night?
A) ____________________________________________________________
B) ____________________________________________________________
92
EXERCISE 77 : THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)

Example:
Where did you go last night?

I went to the circus last night.
1.A:
B: Susan bought four books when she was in Paris.
2. A: _______________________________________________
B: Melissa studied English last weekend because she had an exam.
3. A: _______________________________________________
B: My father spent all his money on books.
4. A: _______________________________________________
B: The students stayed at the hotel for three weeks.
5. A: _______________________________________________
B: The guests left the party after midnight.
6. A: _______________________________________________
B: The nurse gave Nora some medicine three hours ago.
7. A: _______________________________________________
B: I needed a passport-size photograph for my diploma.
8. A: _______________________________________________
B: They built a swimming pool in the back garden.
9. A: _______________________________________________
B: The sun rose at seven oclock this morning.
10. A: _______________________________________________
B: A terrible earthquake happened in Duzce on the twelfth of November in 1999.
11. A: _______________________________________________
B: Hakan Skr played for Galatasaray for a long time.
12. A: _______________________________________________
B: My hair needed washing every two days.
13. A: _______________________________________________
B: Whitney Houston sang all the songs beautifully at the concert.
14. A: _______________________________________________
B: The author of the book spoke very carefully at the meeting.
15. A: _______________________________________________
B: My dog bit the girl in the garden two hours ago.
16. A: _______________________________________________
B: My mother was an English teacher many years ago.
93
EXERCISE 78 :THE PAST SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)

Example
A: How many times did the postman ring the bell?

B: The postman rang the bell twice.
A:
B: My father always wore smart clothes to parties.
A:
B: My daughter played the piano very well at the recital.
A:
B: The weather was very cloudy yesterday.
A:
B: Dilara thought that Betty spoke English very badly.
A:
B: I took a cold shower when I got up this morning.
A:
B: My father was very fond of watching horror films on TV
A:
B: I found my book under the desk.
A:
B: The man at the office sent this message to me.
A:
B: Mary took Helen's son to school an hour ago.
A:
B: My father got up at six oclock this morning.
A:
B: The baby slept for nine hours last night.
A:
B: I had breakfast with my father this morning.
A:
B: Helen tidied her room before she left the house.
A:
B: The students studied for the exam until midnight.
A:
B: My mother made a cup of coffee for my father.
A:
B: Helga's mother played the piano at this party last night.
94
EXERCISE 79 : THE PAST SIMPLE

Complete the following sentences in "The Past Simple", using the correct forms of the "Verbs" on the list
below.
SEND, COME, DRINK, GO, STRIKE, GET, LOSE, HAVE, BITE, BREAK OUT
1. The poor man died because he...................................... a lot of blood.

2. The cat......................................all the milk in the kitchen last night.
3. The dog......................................the boy and ran away.
4. We......................................some flowers to our teacher the other day.
5. When the war ....................................... we went to Spain as soon as possible.
6. When it......................................dark, we went home in a hurry.
7. We......................................our lunch before the train got to the station.
8. I did my homework before my father......................................home from work.
9. They......................................to the circus after they finished their work.
10. Melinda got up when the clock......................................seven.
DO, PAY, SLEEP, RUN AFTER, STAND UP, WEAR, BUY, CRY, FLY AWAY, FALL DOWN
1. The baby was very hungry and......................................all night long.

2. My father ......................................ten pounds for this book.
3. He was very tired and......................................for nine hours last night.
4. The cat climbed up the tree but the bird.......................................
5. The policeman saw the thief and......................................him.
6. The doctor sold his old car and ....................................a new one.
7. The teacher came into the room and the students.......................................
8. Rita ......................................a lot of homework before she went to bed.
9. The little girl......................................and hurt her knee.
10. Nermin.....................................her new dress to the party last night.
TAKE, HAVE,
SWIM, SPEND,
EAT,
DRINK,
BE,
DRAW,
BREAK,
SEND
1. I.................................... a lot of time walking by the river.

2. The children ......................................a good time at the party last night.
3. We ......................................in the sea when the weather was sunny.
4. Melinda .................................... two cheese sandwiches before she went to school.
5. My sister ......................................two glasses of water before she went to bed last night.
6. We ......................................an important message to the leader of the tribe the other day.
7. I am sorry because I......................................her heart at the party last night.
8. The teacher ......................................a picture on the board half an hour ago.
9. We ......................................our dog for a walk in the park this morning.
10. We ......................................in Glck when the earthquake took place.
95
EXERCISE 80: THE PAST SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

Example:
A: Were you very happy when you fell in love?

B: Yes, I was very happy when I fell in love,.
No, I was not very happy when I fell in love.
A: Were you in Istanbul when they offered you a job?

B: a. Yes...................................................................................................................................................
No, .....................................................................................................................................................
A: Were your parents pleased when you passed the exam?
B: a. Yes............. ..... ... ..... ..... .... ... ............................................................................
b. No,
......................................................... ..... ..... .... ......................................... ... ..... ... ............
A: Were you interested in classical music when you were ten years old?
B: a. Yes, ...................... ...................................................... ....... ..... ........................................... ...
No, ........................................................... ..... ... .... ............................................ .... ..... ........................
A: Was your father generous before he got married?
B: a. Yes, ...................... ...... .... .... ..
.................................................................................................
b. No, ....................................................... .............................
..
.... .... ..........................................
A: Was the Prime Minister in Ankara when thirty four soldiers lost their lives?
B: a. Yes,................................................................................. ...
b. No, ........................ ....................................................
..
.. ..... ............
... ... ............................................
A: Was your mother very tired before she laid the table?
B: a. Yes, . ... ................................................... ............. ................................................ ........ .......
No, .................. ... .... ............................................................... ...................................
A: Were there three teachers in the classroom when the exam started?
B: a. Yes, ......................................................................................................... ... ............... .. ...........
No,.... .... .. ...... ... ... ............................................ .. ... .....
A: Was the train-at the station when you got there?
B: a.
Yes,..........................................................................................................................................................
b. No, ... .... .. ..... ..... ..................................................... .... ...
.. . ...................................................
A: Were the lights on when your father came home last night?
B: a. Yes, .................................................................................................................... .... .................
No, .. .............................. ..... ..... ..... ......................................................... .... .... ..... ... ... ..
A: Were you dressed when the sun rose this morning?
B: a. Yes, ....... ..................................................................... .... .... ........................................ .
No, ........................ ... ............. ................................................... .... .... ...
96
EXERCISE 81 : THE PAST SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the conjunctions "BEFORE" and "AFTER".
Example: Mandy cleaned her room. She did her homework.
a. Mandy cleaned her room before she did her homework,
b. After Mandy cleaned her room, she did her homework.
I did my homework. I went to bed.
A
B.
I asked some questions to the teacher. The exam started.
A.
B.
I took a cold shower. I ran for ten miles.
A.
B.
The meeting began. We discussed this problem.
A.
B.
The student cleaned the board. The teacher entered the classroom.
A.
B.
We put the fire out. The firemen arrived.
A.
B.
The referee blew his whistle. The match began.
A.
B.
Stella got dressed. She got out of bed.
A.
B.
Linda went to school by car. She had her breakfast.
A.
B.
The thief stole the money. He ran away.
A.
B.
97
EXERCICES 82:THE PAST SIMPLE

Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple" making all the necessary changes.
Example:
My father always starts working before the sun rises.

My father always started working before the sun rose.
1. I always say my grace before I start eating my meals.

2. I take an aspirin when I have a headache.
3. She thinks that the teacher speaks English very well.
4. My parents get angry with me when I come home alter midnight.
5. They don't watch the television when they have a lot of work to do.
6. They go to the cinema when they are bored.
7. When a fire breaks out, we call the fire brigade.
8. Whenever we have a party, I always play the piano.
9. I do not sleep very well when I have some problems.
10. Whenever I make a mistake, the teacher shouts at me.
11. They tell me that they don't know the answer to the question.
12. I am sorry that I can't come earlier.
13. I know that Mary speaks Spanish fluently.
14. It is strange that your mother doesn't know Turkish.
15. What you say has nothing to do with the subject.
16. It doesn't matter how much money she spends on her hooks.
17. She speaks so quietly that I can't hear what she says.
98
EXERCISE 83: THE PAST SIMPLE

Rewrite the following sentences using "The Past Simple" instead of the "Full Infinitive".
Example:
It is time for me to have breakfast.

It is time I had breakfast.
1. It is time for you to run to the station if you really want to catch your train.
2. It is time for me to go to bed.
3. It is time for us to go to the cinema.
4. It is about time for us to get to work.
5. It is high time for me to have my car repaired.
6. It is high time for the authorities to put an end to this injustice in the country.
7. It is high time you get a haircut.
8. It is time for the students to start learning English.
9. It is time for you to get married to that good-tempered girl.
10. It is high time for the Parliament to pass the long expected law against terrorism.
11. It is about time for your sister to change her behaviour considerably.
12. It is high time for the people to take drastic measures against forest fires in Turkey.
13. It is high time for the author to write a new novel on this subject.
14. It is time for me to have my blood pressure taken.
15. It is high time for our neighbours to train their dogs.
16. It is time for my sister to give up smoking.
17. It is about time for the Prime Minister to bring inflation under control.
99
EXERCISE 84 THE PAST SIMPLE (PREFERENCE)

Rewrite the following sentences using the structure below to express personal preferences in the Present and
Future.
I WOULD RATHER
Example :
DIFFERENT SUBJECT
THE PAST SIMPLE
I would prefer you to save more money. I would rather you saved more money.
I would prefer him not to smoke. I would rather he didn't smoke.
1-I would prefer you to take life more seriously.

I would rather........................................................................................................ .... ..... ... .... .... ...
2. I would prefer Kate not to wear blue jeans all the time.
I would rather..... .... ..... ......................................................................................................
3. I would prefer Frank not to buy so many presents.
I would rather ..............................................................................................................
4. I would prefer Mge to stop spending so much money on clothes.
I would rather........................................................................................................................................
5. I would prefer you not to call me sugar.
I would rather..... ........ ........... ............ ..................................................................................
6. I would prefer Claudia to do her homework regularly.
I would rather ....................................................................... ... ... ..... .... ... .... ... .... ...
7. I would prefer Jane to come here tomorrow.
I would rather.................................................................................................................. ............... .. .
8. I would prefer Matilda to meet me at the hotel.
I would rather..................... ... ...
... ..... ...... ...... ................................................................................
9. I would prefer you not to wear that dress to the party.

I would rather ........................................................... ..... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ....
10. I would prefer our English teacher not to work on Sundays.
I would rather ........................................................... ........... .... ... .......... ....... ....................... ...
11. I would prefer Rose not to criticize her friends so often.
I would rather ..................................................................................................... ..... ..
12. I would prefer Wendy not to drive so fast through the streets of the city.
I would rather .....................................................................................................................................
13. I would prefer Paul not to tell her the truth.
I would rather .................................................................................................................... .. ..........
14. I would prefer Julia not to speak to her father like that.
I would rather .............................................................. ......................................................................
15. I would prefer my neighbour not to play the piano early in the morning.
I would rather .............................................. .................................................................... .....
100
..
EXERCISE 85 THE PAST SIMPLE (USED TO)

Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative"
USED TO
+ INFINITIVE WITHOUT "TO"
Example: Did you use to bite your nails when you were young?
Yes, I used to bite my nails when I was young.
No, I didn't use to bite my nails when I was young.
Did your son use to suck his thumb when he was three years old?
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
Did you use to be very naughty when you were a little child?
...................................................................................
.................................................................................
Did your sister use to cry a lot when she was a baby?
.......................................................................................
.................................................................................
Did you use to be shy when you were at school?
..................................................................................
.................................................................................
Did you use to collect stamps when you were in Paris?
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
Did your father use to wear very expensive clothes before he got married?
.................................................................................
...................................................................................
Did there use to be so many students in the class last year?
.................................................................................
...........................................................................
Did you use to go to the cinema with your parents before you left home?
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
Did your mother use to be a teacher before you were born?
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
Did your mother use to be very fat when she was young?
.................................................................................
.................................................................................
101
EXERCISE 86 : THE PAST SIMPLE (ANSWERING QUESTIONS)

Answer the following questions on your own.
1. How old were you when you started school?
2. How long ago did you see the President of Turkey?
3. What time did the sun rise this morning?
4. When did the Second World War break out?
5. When did you last go swimming?
6. When was your father born?
7. How long did you sleep last night?
8. Where did you spend your summer holidays last year?
9. How long did the First World War last?
10. How much money did you spend when you were on holiday?
11. How many people spent the night in the tents last night?
12. What did you do when you woke up this morning?
13. Who took you to the cinema last week?
14. What sort of film did your parents watch on TV last night?
15. Who came to Istanbul when the Marmara earthquake took place?
16. What time did your parents have breakfast this morning?
17. How did you go to the cinema last night?
18. Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?
102

Example:
Were you listening to the radio when I came in?

a. Yes, I was listening to the radio when you came in.
b. I was not listening to the radio when you came in.
1. Were you helping your mother in the kitchen when the lights went out?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
2. Was the man standing by the side of the road when the accident happened?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
3. Were the men talking about the accident when you got there?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
4. Was your brother studying politics when he was in Paris?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
5. Was your girlfriend behaving very strangely when she was at the party last night?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
6. Were many people living in luxury when there was an economic crisis in Turkey?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
7. Were the police looking for the escaped prisoner when you were there?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
8. Were your friends always criticizing you when you were talking about foreign policy?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
9. Was your sister doing the dishes when you woke up this morning?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
10. Was your brother playing the piano while you were dancing with your girlfriend?
a. Yes,...........................................................................................................................
b. No,............................................................................................................................
103
EXERCISE 88 : THE PAST CONTINUOUS

Complete the sentences in "The Past Simple" or "The Past Continuous" using the correct forms of the
"verbs" on the list below:
STAND, BE, SLEEP, GET, DO, LOSE, FAIL, RIDE, MEET, COOK
1. I _________________ very badly last night.

2. Harry _________________out of bed the other night when his wife got sick.
3. While he was chatting on the phone, he _________________his homework.
4. Melissa _________________fish when I first asked her to marry me.
5. I was so amazed by what I heard that I_________________ there speechless.
6. I _________________a bicycle when I had an accident.
7. I could play the guitar when I _________________ten.
8. As I was going home, I _________________an old friend of mine.
9. Orhan _________________his job because of his honesty.
10. He was a great disappointment for Helen when she _________________to get into university.
STUDY, TAKE, LEAVE, TALK, RECOGNIZE, TELL, COME, FEEL, RISE, PULL DOWN
1. They_________________ the old houses when I was there.

2. Mary _________________ very nervous before she took the exam.
3. The doctor _________the patient that drinking tea every day wouldn't do him any harm.
4. The doorbell rang while I _________________on the phone.
5. We _________________in the library when the fire alarm went off.
6. The sun _________________behind the mountains when the baby was born.
7. The students _________________a good time when I saw them at the party.
8. The idea _________________to me while I was driving to work this morning.
9. I _________________his face, but I didn't remember his name.
10. I _________________an aspirin when I developed a terrible headache.
HAVE, DROP, SPEND, BLOW, BREAK DOWN, LIVE, RUN, HAPPEN, ARRIVE, BREAK IN
1. He _________________in London when the war started.

2. My car _________________while I was going to the supermarket.
3. The wind _________________hard when I went out this morning.
4. The man _________________his suitcase when he was walking on the pavement.
5. We _________________our vacations in the mountains last year.
6. I was watching the TV when the burglar _________________our house.
7. I _________________to the phone after the accident happened.
8. The taxi _________________while I was having breakfast with my wife.
9. The students were waiting at the bus-stop when the accident _________________I couldn't answer
the phone because I _________________a shower.
104
EXERCISE 89 :THE PAST CONTINUOUS (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)

Write questions for the bold typed words in the following sentences,
A: What was Gloria telling the little girl?
B: Gloria was telling the little girl a lovely story.
1. A: ,............................................................................................................................?
B; Melissa was sleeping on the sofa at nine oclock
2.A: ,............................................................................................................................?
B; The teacher was explaining the subject to the students an hour ago
3. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: My mother was making a cake when the lights went out.
4. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: The police were taking Gila to (the) hospital when we arrived there.
5- A; ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: Rebecca was driving slowly when the accident took place
6. A; ,............................................................................................................................ ?
R: My father was working in the garden when a storm broke out.
A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: The students were studying in the library when the clock struck ten.
8. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: Yes, Helena was listening to the news at seven oclock this morning.
9. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: Rose was playing the guitar outside the house when it began to rain.
10. A; ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B; the sun was shining brightly when I woke up this morning.
11. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: Eileen was reading an exciting story when someone knocked at the door.
12. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: Natalie was asking the teacher a lot of difficult questions.
13. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: I paid the bill while Lisa was dancing with that man.
14. A; ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: The students were doing their homework when I entered the classroom.
15. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: Linda was crying because she didn't know the answer to the question.
16. A: ,............................................................................................................................ ?
B: I got wet while I was waiting for the bus.
105
EXERCISE 90: THE PAST CONTINUOUS (CONJUNCTIONS)

Combine the following pairs of sentences with the conjunctions "WHEN" or "WHILE" using "The Past
Simple" or "The Past Continuous".
Example:
I (hear) a strange noise. I (read) the newspaper.

I was reading the newspaper when I heard a strange noise.
I heard a strange noise while I was reading the newspaper.
1. I (eat) my breakfast. I (receive) a phone call.

. ............ .... .. ....... ............................................ ...
....................................... .... ... ... .......................
... .... ........................................ .... ...
... ... .... .... ......................
2. I (see) an accident. I (drive) home from work.

... ..........................................................................................
.... ... ..... ..... ... ....
.. .... ..... ..
............................................................................................... .... ... ..... ..... ........ .... ...

3. The students (quarrel) with each other. The teacher (enter) the room.
................................................................................................................ .......... .... ... .........
. ................. ... .. .... .... ...................................................................................................... ..
4. Sandra (walk) along the street. She (run into) an old friend of hers.
.................. ... ... .... ...................................................................................
.... ..... .. .... .. ........ ... ... ... ..... ... ........ ................................................
5. My sister (take) a walk in the park. She (lose) her wallet.
...... ........ ..... ... .. .. ... .... .... ....... ...... ..... .... .. ......
..............................................................................................................
6. The girl (jump off) the bus. It (move) very fast along the street.
..... ..........................................................................................................................
................................................................................................. ......... ..... ......... ....
7. I (play) cards with my friends. My father (come) home.
......................................................................... ........ ..... .... ..... ... .... ....
. ... ............................................................................................ ..... .................
8. Susan (play) in the garden. It (start) to rain.
....... ......... ....... ............................................................................. .. .... ........... ..
.... ........ ... .... ... .......................................................................................................
9. My sister (live) in Paris. The Second World War (break oul) in 1939.
.......... ... .......... .. .............................................................................................................
....................................... ............................................. ................................................ ...
10. The inspector (open) the door. The teacher (do) English with the students.
...... ..........................................................................................................................................................
.... .........................................................................................................................................................
106
EXERCISE 91 :THE PAST CONTINUOUS

Put the "verbs" in brackets either into "The Past Simple" or "The Past Continuous".
Example: I (have).................................... breakfast when the phone (ring)
I was having breakfast when the phone rang.
1. I (slip)..on the ice while I (cross). .the street.
2. Carol (talk) ............................ on the phone when I (wake up) .this morning.
3. My father (have) ........................... a bath while we (play) .................................... backgammon.
4. It (begin).................................. to rain while the children (have)... ... ........................... a party
5. As I (walk)................................................ home, t (meet)...................................... a tourist.
6. Janet. (go) to school by bus, because it. (rain) hard.
7. I. (drink) a glass of milk before I ..................................... (go) to bed.
8. Laura................................. (play) the piano when we ..................................... (enter) the room.
9. After the accident, the driver of the bus (get out) ............................ .. of the bus and (run away)
10. When Alice (see) .me, she (stop).................................the car to have a chat with me.
11. He (sit) .................................. in a cafe when I (see) ..................... ...................... him.
12. When I (be).. .... a student, I (play).............. the guitar in the streets to earn money for my education.
13. My father (live)...................... in Samsun when the Second World War (break out)................. in
1939.
14. While I (watch)............................................ the 7 oclock news, the lights (go out)
15. What (happen)................................. while Nermin (walk).... ..... .......................in the park last night?
16. Who (come)........................ into the room while you (listen to) ........................ the radio last night?
17. Everyone (wait for)................................ the singer when they (hear)............................. the news.
18. While he (water) ............................................... the flowers, it (start) ..................................... to rain.
19. Just as I (write)....... ......... a cheque, I(remember).. .......................... that I had nothing in the bank.
20. Who (drive) ..... .................................. the car when the accident (happen)................................?
21. While I (walk) ................................ to the library, I (find) ..... ......................... a gold ring.
22. I (not, know) ....................... that you (live) ........................ in London when I (be).................... there.
23. I wish I (be)........................................... in Paris now.
24. It is time you (leave) ............................. the party now if you really want to catch the train.
25. Mine speaks Turkish as if she (be).......................... ... a Turkish citizen.
26. While Sonya (be)... ..................... busy in the kitchen, the children (lay) .............................. the
table.
27. My father's fever (drop)............................... after he (take).............. ..... ................. the medicine.
28. Who (take) ................ ............................ care of you while you (be) ...................................... ... ill?
29. If I (have)........................................... a lot of money, I would go to Turkey.
30. As the man (approach).. ................. the house he (notice)................... that the chimney (be) on fire.
107

Complete the following sentences using "The Past simple'1 or "The Past Continuous".
1. He broke his leg while ........ ........... ..........
2. She met her husband when.... ................
..
.. .................. ....................... .....................
.....................
3. When the phone rang, ...... .................
............... .... .................. ..
............... ...................
..... .
.......
... ............... .... .......... .
4. When the accident happened,.... .................... ............... ................... .... ... ............ ....
..........
5. It was raining cats and dogs while ............... ...... ............ ................. ... ......... . ....
6. We were playing backgammon when .......... ... ................ .................. .... .................
7. While I was studying English ... ............... ... ................. .... ...............
8. When it began to rain,.. .....................
... ................. ...... ......
.. ......... .... .. ................... .... ..............
.... ..
9. I was laughing when......... ........................... ..... ....................... ..... ... ....................... ....... .....
10. When the sun rose, ..
....................... ... ........................ .... ...
11. While we were travelling in France,............................... ........................ ..... ... .......................

12. As Lora was running down the street, ....................... ............................. .. ... ................ ... ....
13. Until she recovered from her illness, ........... .... ..... ................
14. Before my parents came to Istanbul,
15. After t finished the English course,
.....
.........................
..
..
...................... ... .....
.....................
........
.. .... ...................
... ............................. ................... ..... .... ............................
16. While we were approaching the village,. ......................... ...... .......................... ......................
17. While we were in London, ............ ..
.... ................... ........ ... ...........................................
18. Until the train arrived at the station,........
..
.... ........................ ......... ........................ .. ...........
19. As soon as it got dark, .. ...................... .... ...........................
.. .......................
....
20. The moment I saw that beautiful girl,....................................... ......... ...................... ..... ..........
21. I apologized to her because ..
.................. ...
........................... .. ... ................... .. .. ....
22. Before I went to bed last night, ........ ..................................................... .............................. .... ..
23. As we were dancing by the candle-light, ...... .... ..... .. ... ..................... ... ......................... .....
24. I was working there as a teacher when ........ ................................. ... ..... ..................... ..........
25. The instant I broke her heart,................. .... .........................
26. My father smoked a cigarette before .......................
.. .........................
.. ....
..... ............................. .... .
27. We were talking loudly in the library when..................................................... .... ............................

28. The prisoner ran away as soon as ..... ........................................................ ....................................... .
29. Just as I was leaving the house,................................ ......... ............................... ...
30. I didn't go to school yesterday because ....... ... ................................................. ..... .... .............
108
EXERCISE 93: THE FUTURE SIMPLE (VERB: BE)

Answer the following questions in the "Affirmative" and "Negative.
Example:
Will you be in London on Saturday?

Yes, I will be in London on Saturday.
No, I will not be in London on Saturday.
1. Will you be happy when you get married to that girl?

Yes,
No,........................................... .................. ... ...................... ................... ...............
2. Will you be sorry if you lose all your money in gambling?
Yes,
No, .... .............................................. ........................... .............................................. ..
3. Will your parents be the members of this club in the future?
Yes,
No,................................................... ........................... .............. ...................... ........
4. Will your father be rich if he finds a job in the Netherlands?
Yes,
No,............................................................................................... .................. ... .....
5. Will there be many doctors at the reception tomorrow?
Yes,
No, .......................................................................................... ..................... ...................
6. Will you always be my friend if I get married to another girl?
Yes,
No,........................................................................................ ........................ ...............
7. Will there be a famine in the country if it we don't have enough rain?
Yes,
No, ........................................................................................ ........................ .....
8. Will the weather be very windy tomorrow morning?
Yes,............................................... .................... ...........................................
No, ................................................................... ............................................
9. Will all your teachers be at school on Saturday?
Yes,
No, ........................................................................................................................................
10. Will you be interested in photography if you leave your job?
Yes,
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No,
EXERCISE 94 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)

Example: A: Where will you live?
B: I will probably live on the island of Heybeliada.
1. A: ..................................
.............
..
.................................
.................. ........ ... ........?
B: Lolita will be a very good swimmer in the future.

2. A:........................................- ............... .................... ................... ............. ?
B: I will speak with George about this matter later on.
3. A: ..
............... ................................................................ ..............
.......?
B: Tony will give me his telephone number in the afternoon.

4. A:...
.......................................................
...............
..................
..................?
B: The train will arrive at the station at ten oclock.

5. A:.....
.... ................ .................... .. ................. .... .. ............
.. ... ?
B: I will wait in front, of the cinema until my friends come.

6. A: ................... .... ...................... .................. .. .. .. ......... ...
..
......?
B: They will not go to the circus because they don't have any money.
7. A: ..........
.. ................. .... ............... ..... ....................... .... ...
......... ... ?
B: Helen will go to the cinema as soon as she finishes her homework.

8. A..............
..
................. ...............
........?
B: I will accompany the lady while she is singing.

9. A:.............. ......................... .........................
........... ..
.. ..............
.................... ................?
B: There will be twenty soldiers in the castle tomorrow.

10. A:... ........................................................................... .......
............ .........................?
B: There will be a quarrel between the two families.

11. A:.............. .............................
................ ... ............
.. ... ................ ....
........7
B: No, she won't get up at seven oclock tomorrow morning.

12. A: ..................... .. ..................
..
................
.. ...................
.. ................
.... .....?
B: As soon as I find enough money, I will buy that house.

13. A:... ........................ ............... .... ..... .......... ... .... .. ............. .. .. ............ .... ... ................. .. ?
B: We will visit the Topkapi Palace when we go to Istanbul.
14. A:............................................................. .. ...
..............
.. .........
B: We will have a lot of time to play tennis in the afternoon.

15. A: ....... .................. ...... ............. .. .... .............. ... ............ ... ?
B: Stella will do the exercises very carefully.
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.. ..
........... .. .... ?
16. A:............ .................. ................. .. ............... ...................... .......... ?

B: The journey from Ankara to Istanbul will lake two hours in the future.
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple" or "The Future Simple".
Example:
We (eat) ................................ dinner as soon as my father (come) ...... ....... home

We will eat dinner as soon as my father comes home.
1. If it (rain).... ...................... ....tomorrow, I (stay) .... ... ................. .at home.

2. They (finish) .............................the job after we (give)........................................... them the money.
3. We (wait)................................................ here until she (make)
..... ..... ............ .... a phone call.
4. When the children (get) ................................... here, they (be).......................................... hungry.

5. If you (give) ............................... me the letter, I (take)............................................. it to the post.
6. I (go) ................................................ there when I (feel) ....... ................................... a bit better.
7. I (give) ........................................... him your message as a soon as I (see)..................... .... ....
him.
8. I (call for) ........................... an ambulance if your friend (get) .............................. an electric shock.
9. We (have) ................................................ lunch before the train (get to) .... .......... ... .... .....Paris.
10. She (have) ................................. a cup of tea before she (go)......................................... to school.
11. The race (start) ................................... as soon as I (drop) .................................... my handkerchief.
12. I (never, go) . ... .... ................. to that restaurant as long as I (live) ........... .......... ..... ..here.
13. Once/when we (arrive) .... ... ..... ..... ....
14. When he (come back) ..... ...
.... home, we (have)... .... ..... ..... ... ..... dinner.
... ................. I (tell) ........... ................... him what we will do.
15. We (not, start)............................ the meeting until everybody (arrive).............................

16. If she (find) .............. a better job, I (think) ..... ...... that she (leave)................ Istanbul for Paris.
17. I (paint)............................................. the kitchen if I (have)... ..... .... ........... ... some free time.
18. I (not, forgive)........................................ him until he (apologize) ...................... ................... to me.
19. By the time we (come back) .......................... from our holiday, they (get)........................ married.
20. When I (go)..........................home after work, I (take).................................. a rest for 3 while.
21. Dinner (be over)....... .... ...... .... .... ... by the time they (come) ..... .............. ......... .... home.
22. If I (earn) ............................... enough money, I (buy) ............................................ a car for you.
23. I am sure that the shop (be)....closed by the time you (get) ......... ................ there.
24. He (not, take)............................... the job unless we (offer)................................ him a higher salary.
25. You (stay)........................................ here until it (stop)................................................. raining.
26. I (be)................................................. sure that you (like)................................. your new teacher.
27. I(give).............................. you everything as long as you (remain) .............................loyal to me.
28. The moment the film (finish) .... ......... ..... ..... , we (leave) ................................. .....the cinema.
29. I (phone).................................. him as soon as I (finish) ...... ..........................my job.
30. I (never, speak).................................. to her as long as I (stay)....................................... in London.
111

Answer the following questions using the necessary "Conjunctions" and the "Prompts" on the list below.
*I work in a bank.
* She watches television.
* The bull goes away.
* They play football.
* I find a better job.
* The train passes.
* He takes me to the cinema.
* I have breakfast.
* School is over.
* I get married.
* I join the navy.
* I go to the United States.
* I buy a villa.
Example:
A: What will you do when you graduate from this school?

B: I will work in a bank when I graduate from this school.
1-A: Where will you go when you finish this course?

B: ..........................................................................................................................
2. A: What will you do if you win a lot of money in the lottery?
B: .............................. .............. ... ... ..... ..... ... ..... .............................................................
3. A: What will you do if you cannot find a job in Istanbul?
B: ......... ..... .......... .................................................................................................................... .... ...
4. A: How long will you stay in Istanbul?
B: ....................................................................................................................................................
5. A: What will your mother do after she has dinner?
B:... ............ ... ..................................................................................................................... ............
6. A: What will you do if you become rich?
B: .................................................................................................................... .... ..... .... ...... ... .
7. A: What will the students do as soon as they get out of the school?
B: ...................................................................................................................... .... ... ............. .....
8. A: What will your father do when he comes home?
B: .....
.... ........ ..........................................................................................................
9. A: When will your classmates go for their summer holiday?

B: .................................. ........................ ... .. .... ..... ..... ..... ......... .... ..............................
10. A: When will you go for a walk?
B:
............ ..... ... ..... ............. ... ........ .... ....... .............................................................
11. A: How long will you stay up in this tree?

B: ...................................................................................................................................... ... ....
12. A: How long will the gates remain closed?
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B: ...... ......... ....................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 97 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE/BE GOING TO

Complete the following sentences with "shall / will" or "be going to" future form.
1.A: I think the house is on fire.
B: I..............................................phone the fire brigade right away.
2. A: Have you bought a present for Patricia?
B: Yes, I have. I.......................... ......... give her a gold watch.
3. A: Wendy, I love you very much. Will you marry me?
B; No, David. I am sorry. I.............................................. marry Michael Jackson.
4. A: How do you use this?
B: That's easy. I........................................ show you.
5. A: This room is very cold. I am freezing.
B: Don't worry! I. ....... ............... .... close the windows immediately.
6. A: How are you feeling?
B: I am not feeling very well. I think I............................................... be sick.
7. A: Do you want to buy this dress or that one?
B: I.............................................. have this one.
8. A: Have you decided what to study at university?
B: Yes, I have. I................................................ study Chemistry.
9. A: .................... ..... ..... .... we have a picnic on the island tomorrow?
B: Yes, that's a good idea. I.......................................... make some sandwiches.
10. A: I am freezing.
B: Put on your coat or you................................................ catch a cold.
11. A:.............................................. we invite Sandra to the party?
B: That's a good idea. It.............................................. be nice if she comes.
12. A: Have you made an appointment with the dentist?
B: Yes, I have. I................................................ see the dentist on Friday
13. A: That parcel looks very heavy.
B: Don't worry! I...............................................take it to the post office for you.
14. A: The teacher has got a piece of chalk in his hand.
B: Yes, I know. He ................................................write something on the board.
15. A: Can you give Molly a message from me?
B: Certainly, I........................................... see her at the meeting this evening.
16. A: I am very tired, mother. I cannot walk any further.
B: All right, I................................................ take you home by car.
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17. A: Dad, will you please lend me your car on Saturday?

B: I'm sorry, I................................. see that new film at the Odeon....................... use it on Saturday.
18. A: Are you out of work?
B: Yes, I am. I................ apply for a job at the local hospital. I have been thinking about it for ages.
19. A: The house is very dirty.
B: I know. I ......... ....................... . clean it this afternoon.
20. A: How do you feel?
B: I feel a bit dizzy. I think I... ................................... faint.
21. A: It is Annette's birthday on Saturday.
B: Really, thanks. I .................................... . buy her a present now.
22. A: What is the mailer with you?
B: I have a pain in my leg. I................. .... ... ... see the doctor on Monday.
23. A:....................... I buy you a hamburger?
B: No, thank you. I.................. .... ..... ........ eat a sandwich.
24. A: What have you bought?
B: I have bought some bricks. I........................ ..
..... . build a green-house.
25. A: The phone is ringing..................... ... ... .... I answer it for you?
B: Don't worry! I................... .. ..... .. answer it right now.
26. A: Look at those clouds! The sky is very dark. I think it.................................. ..... rain prelly soon.
B: If so, ......................................... we go to the cinema?
27. A: What...................................... you have for lunch, sir?
B: I........................ .... ..... ... have two cheeseburgers.
28. A: Why do you have an eraser in your hand?
B: I
.... .............................. clean the-board before the teacher comes.
29. A: Where .............. .... ... .. ... you go next week?

B: I....... ... ... ........go to China. If I can go there, I............................. .. .... see many strange things.
30. A: We don't know what to do. .... ................................ we go to Antalya or Bodrum?
B: If I were you, I would go to Bodrum.
31. A: What is your plan for tomorrow?
B: I....... ... .... ...... ...... study for my exam all day long tomorrow.
32. A: Mr Swan................................... .. work somewhere else. He has resigned. Do you know
who.............................. be the new teacher next term?
B: Yes, I know. Mr Jefferson .. ..................................... teach the same courses as Mr Swan did.
33. A: I have done absolutely no work for my exam tomorrow. B: Then you ................ fail in the exam.
31. 34. A: I have mixed up all kinds of drinks.
32. B: If so, you .............................. .... ...be sick.
114
33. 35. A: There is no bread in the house.

34. B: All right, I... .... .. ........................ buy a loaf of bread right now.
EXERCISE 98 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)
Combine the halves of the Following sentences by writing them. Put the corresponding letters in brackets.
1. ( ) -We will go for a swim
a. if the ship stops rolling and until I recover
2. ( ) -The plane will lake off
from my illness,
3. ( ) -We will stay at a hotel
b. while we are on holidays in Paris.
4. ( ) - We will have lunch.
c. as I play the piano.
5. ( ) -I will always be under your service
d. as long as you need me.
6. ( )-We will always remember Atatrk
e. as soon as my (artier comes home from work.
7. ( ) -Medusa will sing the songs
f. while you are at the meeting.
8. ( ) - We will go dancing
g. as soon as you tell me the truth.
9. ( ) -I will drink a glass of hot milk
h. before I go to bed.
10. ( ) - I will give you the money
i. if you Look after the children.
11. ( ) - You will forget me
j. as long as we live on this planet.
12. ( )-I will stay in bed
k. as won as we have enough money
13. ( ) -We will get married
l. before we get to the airport
14. ( )- I will wait for you in the car
m. by the time we arrive in Samsun.
15. ( }-There will be a dance on the ship
n. the moment you leave Istanbul for Paris.
pitching.
115
EXERCISE 99 THE PRESENT PERFFECT SIMPLE (VERB: BE)

Example:
Has he been in prison for long?

Yes, he has been in prison for a long time.
No, he has not been in prison for long/for a long time.
1.Have you been in Turkey since you were born?

a................................................... ............. ... .... ..... .. ......... .- ..
b..................................................... ... .... .... .... .... .... ...........
2. Has your father always been on friendly terms with his boss?
a..... ....... .... ..... ................................................................................ ...
... ..... .... ....... .
b....................................................... .. ..........................................
3. Have your parents been to Paris before?
a............................................. .... .......... ................................................. ...........
b... ....... ..................................................... ... .... ........................................... ...........
4. Has the weather been rainy since last week?
a.............................. .......... ......................................... .... ... ..... .................................... .... ....
b..................................................... ... ........................................... ... ..... ..... ............................ ..
5. Have your friends been at school since morning?
a......................... .............. ....................................... .... .... ..... ............................. .... .... ....
b... ................................................... ...................................................... ..... ......
6. Have you been married to Lara since you left school?
a.............................. ............................................................. .... .... ..................................... ..... .... ...
b....................... ........................................................... ........ ..... .......................................... ....
7. Have your teachers always been nice to the students?
a..... ....... ..... ................................................ .... ............................................ .... .... ....
b. ............................. .... ..... .... ......... .............................. ... .....
.... ...
8. Has there been a postal strike since last week?

a.............................................. ......... ........................................................ ...
b............................................... ... ...................................................... ... ............... ... ......
9. Has your father been in love with your mother since they saw each other?
a................................................. ....... ......... ..................................... .... ......
b.................. ........................................................ ... .... .... ...................................... .... ....
10. Have you been interested in doing bungee jumping ever since you came here?
a..... ...................................... ................................................................ .... ..... ......................
116
b. .... ...... .... ........................................... ..... ... .......................................
..
.... ..... .....
EXERCISE 101: THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Perfect Simple" or "The Past Simple".
Example :
A: Have you ever caught a fish? (catch)

B: Yes, I have.
A: Oh, really! When did you catch it?
B: I caught t two months ago.
1. A: .....
.... ......you ..... ... ... ... the teacher? (see)
B: Yes, I have.
A: Oh, really! When ............................. you .......................... him?
B: I. ......... ......... him when I was at the party.
2. A:.... ....... ...... you ever .............................. a song in the street? (sing)
B: Yes, I have.
A: Oh, really! When .............................. you ....... .... ... it in the street?
B: I ...... ..... ... . it in the street when I went to the carnival last year.
3. A:.......... ...... .... you .. .. .... ......... to her yet? (speak)
B: Yes. I have.
A: Oh, really! When........................ .you ..... ..... ....
to her?
B: I.... ........... ... to her only half an hour ago.

4. A:.............................. your father ever.......................... in a river? (swim)
B: Yes, he has.
A: Oh, really! When.............................. he .............. .... ?
B: He .... ... .... in a river when he was in Turkey.
5. A:........................... your sister ever .... ........... a hat? (wear)
B: Yes, she has.
A: Oh, really! When ........................ she ............................. it?
B: She.............................. it when she was engaged to Roger.
6. A: ....... ............. your children .............................. all their money? (spend)
B: Yes, they have.
A: Oh, really! When. .............. ... they..... ........ ...... it?
B: They............................ it before they came here.
7. A:.............................. you .............................. your medicine? (take)
B: Yes, I have.
A: Wonderful! When............................ you ...... ...... it?
B: I. ...................... it after I had breakfast this morning.
117

Answer the following questions in "The Present Perfect Simple" using the words in brackets.
Example
A: Why don't you read the newspaper? (Already)

B: I have already read it.
1.A: Are you going to post the letters? (just)

B:..
2.A: Have you ever read 'War and Peace'? (never)
B:..
3.A: Have you finished your homework (yet)
B:..
4.A: How many books have you written? (so far)
B:..
5. A: How long have you lived in Istanbul? (for)
B:..
6.A: Are you going to explain the subject? (already)
B:..
7.A: How long has your father lived here? (since)
B:..
8. A: Are you in love? (never / before)
B:..
9.A;Why dont you fly this helicopter?(never / before)
B:..
10. A: Shall I make you a sandwich? (just)
B:..
11A: Will you return the books to the library? (already)
B:..
12.A: Would you like la eat dinner with me? (just)
B:..
13.A: Are you going to give the dog his lunch? (already)
B:..
14. A: Have you sold your car? (yet)
B:..
15. A: When are you going to tidy your room? (already)
B:..
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16. A: Why don't you watch that film on (the) TV? (before)
B:..
EXERCISE 103 :THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Write questions using the words in brackets. Use the Superlative forms of "Adjectives" and "The Present
Perfect Simple". Answer the questions.
Example:
(high/ mountain / see)

A: .What is the highest mountain (that) you have ever seen?
B: Mount Ararat is the highest mountain (that) I have ever seen.
1.(long / river / see)

A:.
B:
2. (high/mountain/climb)
A:.
B:
3. (beautiful/city/live in)
A:.
B:
4. (hot / place / be)
A:.
B:
5.(dangerous/place/be)
A:.
B:
6.(interesting / book / read)
A:.
B:
7.(difficult/language/study)
A:.
B:
8.(expensive / thing / buy)
A:.
B:
9.(charming / girl / meet)
A:.
B:
10.(funny / person / see / on television)
119
A:.
B:
Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence before it. Use the
alternative form with "FOR" or "SINCE".
Example:
We have not had fish for a long time.

It is a long time since we had fish
It has been a long time since we had fish.
It is five years since we last swam in the river
We have not swum in the river for five years.
1.It is a long time since we played tennis.

We..
2. We have not heard from her for a long time
It..
3. It is a long time since we had a patty
We..
4. My father has not written to me for a long time.
It..
5. It is ages since her boyfriend took her out.
Her boyfriend..
6. My wife has not rung me up at the office for ages.
It ..
7. It is years since he did any useful work.
He..
8. You have not bought me anything for ages.
It..
9. II is six months since they paid us a visit.
They ..
10. I have not been to the United States of America for a long time.
It..
11. It is ten hours since I ate something.
I..
11.We have not had any rain for three months.
It..
12.It is a long time since we last studied English.
We..
120
13.I last met Helen five weeks ago.

It ..
Complete the following sentences with the Superlative forms of the "Adjectives" in brackets, using "The
Present Perfect Simple" with "EVER".
Example:
A: What do you think of Carol?

B: I think Carol is (beautiful).................. girl I (ever, see) ...... ........... .
I think Carol is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
1. A: What do you think of this cake?

B: I think that is (delicious)....................... ..........cake I (ever, taste) ....................... .................
2. A: What do you think of this car?
B: I think this is (fast) ................................... car I (ever, drive) ........................ .. .......... ...
3. A: What do you think of the problem Mary has solved?
B: I think it is (difficult) ..................... ..... ... .......... problem Mary(ever, solve) ... ..............................
4. A: Have you got any idea about this bicycle?
B: This is (good) .................... ...............bicycle I (ever, have)
... .................................in my life.
5. A: What do you know about this woman?

B: I think Eliza is (intelligent) ... ... ..... .... .... ..... woman I (ever, meet) .... .. .... .... ........ .........
6. A: What do you think about my remark?
B: I think that is (nice)............................................... thing you (ever, say)...................................... to me.
7. A: What do you think about this poem?
B: I think this is (lovely)..... ............................ poem our teacher (ever, read) ................ .... .
..
.... .
8. A: What do you think about this spring?

B: I think this is (bad) ............................................spring we (ever, have)................................ ..for years.
9. A: Do you know anything about this horse?
B: I think this is (slow).... .. .... ................... horse I (ever, ride on) .... ... ... ...................in my life.
10. A: What do you think of Helen?
B: Helen is (fat) ...................................... girl I (ever, dance) ........... ..... .... ... ... .... ..with.
11. A: What do you know about Istanbul?
B: Istanbul is (crowded) ........................................ city we (ever, be to) ....... .......... . ..... in Turkey.
12. A: What do you think of my question?
B: Well, I think that is (silly) .......
.. .............. question you (ever, ask) ..... ...
... .......... me.
13. A: How did you spend your holiday?

B: That was (splendid)............ .... ...... .... ....... holiday we (ever, have) .. ...... ... ......... .......
14. A: What do you think about me?
B: Frankly speaking, you are (annoying)........... ..... person I (ever, meet) .......
121

Write questions using "HOW LONG", "HOW MANY" in "The Present Perfect Simple"
Example:
A: My father is a medical doctor.

B: Oh, really! How long has your father been a medical doctor?
Oh, really! How many years has your father been a medical doctor?
1.A: What a pity that my sister smokes cigarettes.

B: Oh, really! ... ........................................................................... .....................................?
2. A: My brother works for the Daily Telegraph.
B: Oh, really! ..................... ............................................................................. ........................?
3. A: My son attends an English course in London.
B: How surprising! ..................................................................................................................... ........?
4. A: My brother-in-law is in hospital.
B: Sorry to hear that! ............................................... ......................................... ................?
5. A: Melissa is in love with Peter.
B: How wonderful! ................ ..................................................................... .....?
6. A: I know the new teacher.
B: Oh, really! ............................................................................ .... .................................?
7. A: The teacher keeps her temper under control.
B: I didn't know that.......................................................................... .................................... ... .....?
8. A: We are in the dining room.
B: Oh, really! ................. ...................................... ............................ ..... ........?
9. A: The children are swimming in the swimming pool.
B: Isnt that strange! ................................ ............................................................ ...................?
10. A: My parents live in Athens.
B: Oh, really! ....................................................................................................................................?
11. A: I am in a dream world.
B: How lovely! ...... .. ........................................................................................................... ... .... ?
12. A: I have a terrible headache.
B: How depressing it is! ................................................................?
13. A: My daughter is married to a football player.
B: Oh, really! ..................................... ................................... .......................... ..... ...........................?
14. A: My brother is unemployed.
B: Sorry to hear that! ............................................................................................ ..............................?
15. A: My husband is very much interested in politics.
122
B: Lovely! .... ............................................................. ...................................................................?

Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Perfect" or "The Past Simple" using "FOR", "SINCE" or
"AGO".
Example:
He (work) .............................. in this factory. ..................... he (leave)................ school.

He has worked in this factory since he left school.
1.Lucy (be)................ ... .......... asleep .................................... about eleven hours.

2.I (live). .... .. .... .... .... here................................... January.
3. They (not, cat) ................................. meat ..
... .... they (see) .......... that film about farm animals.
4. My lather (be) .................... .. .. ... married .. ........................... twenty years now.

5. She (have).. .......... .... ..... .. her car .......
.. . .... ..... she (become)........................ .............. a doctor.
6. I (study) ............................ English .......................... three years ............... I (come) ..

7. She (become)................... .. more aggressive ... ...
... she (enter) ....... ..
.. ....
.. .... ... ..here.

politics.
8. I (know). ... .... .... .Eleanor.......... ..... ... five years .. ......... she (start) .................................... this school.
9. I (not, play) ......... ... ... ...tennis ............................. I (break) .......................................... my kg.
10. I (get)..................married forty years .......... My husband and I (live) ... ..... ....happily together ....then.
11. My father (leave) .............. home ten years .............. and he (not, write)...................to us................. then.
12. His appearance (improve) .......
considerably
..... ..... . he (grow) .............................. his moustache.
13. I (see).... .... ............ ..... my English teacher half an hour .........................................
14. I (live)...................in Italy ............... six months in 1998, but I (not, be) ........there...................... then.
15. He is the greatest boxer I (ever, know) .....................................
16. I (teach) ............................ English....... ..... ..... three years when I (be) ..... .. .......... ... in Saudi Arabia.
17. Someone (build) .......... the house ten years ......... but I don't know who (live). ........ in it ...... then.
18.I (drive)........................................... a car........................................ a long time,
19.Ann (have) ........................... ... a bad cold .. .... .... .... .... the last few days.
20.Bill (be).... .... .. ..... engaged to Liz ..................... two years and then he (get) ............ ....married to Jane.
21.They (setup) ............... this society ten yearsand the membership (grow)............. ever.................
22.I (write) .......................................... the postcards but I(not, post) ..... ..... .... .... .... them yet.
23.I (not, see) ........................... her ...................... ... . I (graduate) ........ ...... . from the faculty of letters.
24.This is the first time I (tell) ......................... ..... you a lie. (tell)
25.The young man (never, be)... ........ to Rome, but he (read) .................... a book about this city last year.
123

Complete the following sentences with the words on the list below.
always
since
never
then
now
already
still
for
ever
since
just
recently
up to now
ever since
until
now
before
yet
1. I haven't visited Paris .......... .................. I was ten.

2. I have ............. ........... ..... seen such a beautiful girl in my life.
3. My father has written three books ...................... .........
4. I Haven't had a chance to write to you ............................. . ages.
5. My father has .... .. .. ............... booked a place for the wedding reception.
6. We haven't ordered the flowers .......................................
7. I have ............... .............. spoken to him on the phone.
8. I have seen this film................................., but I cannot remember when.
9. Has anybody........................ ......... told you that you are mad?
10. Have you ................................... tried Turkish food? Would you like to try some?
11. My sister has ................................... driven her car very carefully.
12. I have been married ................................. twenty years .....................................
13. I have studied Italian ..................... ..... ... three years ... ... ................... I came here.
14. Eileen is the most beautiful girl I have. ................................. seen.
15. We have known each other ....................... ..... ..a long time.
16. She has been interested in classical music .................................. 1975.
17. I saw your sister last May, but I haven't seen her.....................................
18. I have................................. read your composition. How much time did you spend writing it?
19. I have ................................... flown a helicopter ................ ...............
20. The news about the inflation in Turkey has been bad... ..............................
21. He went to Paris ten years ago, and he has lived there...................................
22. He has ...................... wanted to go to Paris, but he has ............................. had the chance.
23. I have known Silvia ................................... years.
24. He was ill before Christmas, but he has been well................. .................
25. I have...................................... fallen in love .......................... .... .
26. This flat has been empty ................. ..... .... two years ...............................
27. Haven't you eaten your lunch....................................?
28. Have you ...................................... been to Japan?
29. I have ...... ........................ heard anything like this............ .................... in my life.
30. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have.................................... heard of her.
124
31. Have you seen any good films .................................?

32. I have been to London four times .......... .....................
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Simple", "The Present Perfect Simple" or "The Present Perfect
Continuous".
Example :
I (live) .... .... .............................. in Istanbul since I (be) born.

I have lived in Istanbul since I was born.
I have been living in Istanbul since I was born.
1. She (write) ......................... .. letters since she (get up) .......................... .. this morning.
2. The teacher (correct) ...............e papers for hours and he (not / finish) ........................correcting them yet.
3. The girls (dance) ...................................... ... since it (get) ........ .. .... ...................... dark.
4. Gloria Stefan (stay) ............................. . at this hotel since Tuesday
5. (you, drink) ............. .. .............. wine since you (arrive) .. ....... ..... ..................... here?
6. What (your father, do)
...................................... since he (desert) .. .... ... .................... his family?
7. (your sister, work)... ..... .... for this company ever since she (leave) ................................ ..... school?
8. My brother (write) ...................................... three letters since he (get) .............................. ..... .dressed.
9. The weather (be) .................. ..... . ............... terrible since our holiday (begin) . ............................. ..... ....
10. My father (have) ...................:................ a lot of money since he (join) .............. .... ... .......... this club.
11. She (Look for)........ ......... her lost child for two hours and she (not, find)
................................. him
yet.
12. I (not, have) ............................. a letter from Janet since she (leave) . ....................... Istanbul for London.
13. My sister (collect) ... .................. stamps ever since she (become) . . ..... ..... ...................... a doctor.
14. I (always, want) ....... .... ... .................... to go to Turkey ever since I (get) ............................ ..... .married.
15. He (smoke) ............................. .... five cigarettes since he (have) . ... .. ...... ................. breakfast.
16. I (study) ....... .... .... .................... German for three years and I cannot speak it yet.
17. We (stand) ................ ...... on the platform since lunch time and the train (not, arrive)....................... .yet.
18. I (know) ..... .............................. him for a long time; in fact he is my oldest friend.
19. We (drive) .......................... for two hours and (not, pass) . ........... .............. .... a single petrol station yet.
20. My father (smoke) ... ................................... ever since he (be) . .... .... ..................... ten.
21. The book (lie) .......................... ............ on the table for weeks.
22. We (be) ............................ married for ten years since we (come) .. ..... ......................... to Istanbul.
23. I (love)............. you ever since I (become) ...... ..... ..... . .............. a teacher at this school.
24. Helen (lie) .................................... .... on the beach since the sun (rise) ..... ...................................
25. The room smells of garlic; your father (eat) ......................... ...... ...... garlic again.
26. He (get) ..................... complaints from the neighbours ever since he (buy) ........................ his new hi-fi.
27. I (try) ............................................ to reach you since I (arrive in) ............ ......................... Istanbul.
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28. My sister (apply) .. ... ....................... for several jobs recently.

29. The little child (sneeze)
30. He (leave)
.... ..................... .....
a lot lately.
.............................. the city ten years ago, and he (live) ...................on the island ever since.

Combine or rewrite the sentences in "The Present Perfect Continuous" stating how long something has been
going on. Use "SINCE" or "FOR" in your sentences.
Example:
It started to rain three hours ago. It is still raining.

It has been raining for three hours.
The wind started to blow when we got up. It is still blowing.
The wind has been blowing since we got up.
1. Carol started working in the bank in February. She is still working there.
2. I started to study Russian two years ago. I am still studying it.
3. Roger began to look for a job five months ago. He is still looking for it.
4. The students started dancing half an hour ago. They are still dancing.
5. Wendy started to write the letters when the sun rose. She is still writing them.
6. My boss thought of increasing my salary six months ago. He is still thinking of it.
7. I was thinking of getting married when I was in London. I am still thinking of it.
8. I started to smoke when I was twenty. I still smoke.
9. Melissa was working as a model in 1995. She still works as a model.
10. She began to drink wine five hours ago. She is still drinking wine.
11. I began to decorate this room three days ago. I am still decorating it.
12. Zeynep started to play tennis at ten oclock. She is still playing tennis.
13. My sister started to live in this house a long time ago. She is still living in it.
14. He was trying to solve that problem half an hour ago. He is still trying to solve it.
15. Helen sat in front of the television two hours ago. She is still sitting in front of it.
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EXERCISE 111 :THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Answer the following questions using the words "FOR" or "SINCE" in brackets. Note that "SINCE" must be
followed by a clause.
Example: A: How long have you been living in Turkey? (for)
B: I have been living in Turkey for three years.
A: How long have you been living in Turkey? (since)
B: I have been living in Turkey since I was born.
1. A: How long has your mother been working as a housewife? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
2. A: How long has your mother been working as a housewife? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
3. A: How long have your children been watching television? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
4. A: How long have your children been watching television? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
5. A: How long have you been writing your new book? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
6. A: How long have you been writing your new book? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
7. A: How long has your friend been taking private lessons? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
8. A: How long has your friend been taking private lessons? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
9. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
10. A: How long has your brother been wearing long trousers? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
11. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
12. A: How long has the cat been sitting in front of the television set? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
13. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (for)
B: .....................................................................................................................
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14. A: How long have you been waiting for the bus? (since)
B: .....................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 112 : THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE (CONJUNCTIONS)

Combine or rewrite the following sentences with "BEFORE" or "AFTER". Use "The Past Simple" and "The
Past Perfect Simple".
Example:
I received Carol's letter. Then I spoke to her father.

I had received Carol's letter before I spoke to her father,
After I had received Carol's letter, I spoke to her father.
1.The boy went to sleep. I told him a lovely story.

........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
2. First I washed my hands, and then I had breakfast.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
3. Maria had a cup of tea, and then she started to play the piano.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
4. Matilda brushed her teeth, and after that she went to bed.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
5. Rosemary wrote the address on the envelope. Then she stuck a stamp on it.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
6. Rebecca finished her English course, and then she went to London.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
7. First I learned French. Then I went to France.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
8. I took the medicine. I felt a little better.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
9. The police arrived at the art gallery. The burglars left the building.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
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10. First the doctor examined the child. Then he wrote the prescription.
........................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Simple" or "The Past Perfect Simple".
Example:
Nobody believed me when I (say) .................that I (see) ...................................a UFO.

Nobody believed me when I said that I had seen a UFO.
1. It (be)...........very cold when he (get to).Moscow because winter (already, arrive).........................

2. My car (not, start)..................... this morning because I (leave)............................the lights on.
3. If he (work)..................................steadily he would have passed the exam.
4. After the detectives (check).................. the windows for fingerprints, they (search)................... the house.
5. He (not, realize) ...................... his mistake until after he (post)................................................. the letter.
6. The captain of the ship (he) ...............among the sailors who (abandon) .............the ship just before it
(go)............to the bottom of the sea.
7. I (take) ............................................ the decision after I (speak) ................................................ to John.
8. They (he) ..... on the road for a mere five minutes when they (have) ..................... ...a puncture.
9. The car (scarcely, stop) .................. when a policeman (appear) .............................................
10. He (give)..... ..............me a painting which his grandfather (leave)... ...............................him.
11. After the accident it was quite some time before they (know).... ...........................................what (happen)
12. After Jack and Mary (go out)................................................ with each other for six years, they (break up)
13. When she heard she (accept) .............. by Oxford University, she (jump) ...............up and down with joy.
14. He (work)............. as a mechanic for four years before they (let) .............him drive one of the racing cars.
15. He (say)....................................... that he (not, see) ............................................. his mother for years.
16. After he (eat) ................ so much at Christmas dinner, he (suffer)................ from indigestion.
17. It was the first time that I (ever, see) ................................................... such a big man.
18. I would rather you (not, speak)..................................................... so rudely to your teacher last night.
19. They (still, be)...................friends even though they (be) ................. ......................... apart for ten years.
20. David (eat) .......................Japanese food before, so he (know)........................................ what to order.
21. As the taxi was moving off, I (realize)................... that I (forget) .............................. to take my wallet.
22. He (no sooner, turn)................... the corner of the street than he (attack) ................by a gang of ruffians.
23. Peter (be).... .......................................... the handsomest man she (ever, see)............................................
24. Before we (get) ............................... our cat, we (never, have)......... ...................... a pet in our family.
25. I (hope)........... ........................ to talk to him but he (be)............................................... too busy to listen.
26. The film (not, yet, finish).... . .... ..
........... when we (leave)....
......
27. Before he (decide). ..... .... to start his own business, he (learn).. .. ... .
28. I wish I (learn)......... .... ........ .... ..... Arabic when I (be) ... ..
129
...
..
.... the cinema last night.
all the details about the job.

... . in Libya.
29. It (be) .. .... ... ... .. .... .. ten oclock, but the children (not, get up) .... .. .. ... ..... .... yet.
30. By the time Peter (arrive) ...................................... at the hotel, his wife (already, die)..... .... .... .....
31. If I know................................. that you (be)..... ...
.............. tired, I wouldn't have given you that task.
32. As soon as I (get)...... ........................ home, I saw that someone (break into).... .........
33. By the time I (get)..................................................... home, they (eat) ..... ...
..
...
......
..
my flat.
. all the cake.
34. The man (already, tell)...... ....... .... .... ..... the truth before the police (arrive). .... ........... .. ...
35. If you (not, warn) .... ... .. .... ...... .... me, I would have fallen into the water.
36. He said that he (be).......................... excited because he (never, travel) .................... on/in a train before.
37. When he went into the kitchen, he (discover).............. that the cat (drink) ............all the milk in the plate.
38. When I (arrive) . ... home, Linda (not, be)........ there. She (go).............to the park to take some fresh air.
39. She (just, complete) ................... .her project when her friend (call).. . .. ... to invite her to the theatre.
40. Rosemary (be) ...........late for school yesterday. This (be)unusual, because she (never, be) ..........
late before.
41. When I looked at the map, I (discover) ................ to my horror that I (take) ........
wrong road.
42. The police (catch).. ................ ........ the fugitive before he (drive) ... ... ....... ... ...
43. After he (work) ....... ........
very far.
in the hospital for three years he (decide) ..................... to give up the job.
44. My daughter (learn) ............. .... ... Spanish before she (go) .............................. to Spain.
45. When my father (leave)................................ Belgium, he (work)... ............. there for twenty years.
46. She wishes she (study) ..................... this subject when she (be) ..... .... .. ... in London ten years ago.
47. I (wait) ......... .... .. .... ........ at the bus-stop until the bus (arrive). ............................ ...........
130

Complete the following sentences in "The Past Perfect Simple", using "The Correct Forms of the Verbs" on
the list below.
WASH, WRITE, TELL, PAY, DRINK, FORGET, SPEND, WORK, EAT, WATER
1. As soon as I................................ the bill, I left the restaurant.

2. When I.................................. the beer, I threw the empty bottle away.
3. I got wet because I................................to take my umbrella with me.
4. I couldn't afford to buy a new shirt because I........ .............. all my money
5. After I......................... .... a letter to Peter, I put it into an envelope and posted it.
6. The gardener told us to keep off the grass because he........................ .....it.
7. He bought his villa after he ................ ... ..
for ten years in England.
8. When I went home, my parents .................................. their dinner.

9. She went to sleep after her father............ ...... her the story.
10. He. .... .... ............. his hands before he had lunch.
SEE, TAKE, PASS, HAVE, PREPARE, FLY, ARREST, PUT OUT, FEED, RECOVER
1. When I told the doctor that I .................. earache for nearly a month, he gave me a prescription,
2. 2. After she ................................. her driving test, she bought a car.
3. John said that he..................... ..... .. that film before.
4. We .................................... to Athens before we took the terry boat to Izmir.
5. I .......... just.................. from the chicken pox when I caught measles last month.
6. We discovered that we .................................. the wrong road at the beginning of the trip.
7. She wondered if the police ............. ..... .......... the thief before dawn broke.
8. Linda .................................. the meal before she left the house.
9. When the fire engines arrived, the children ...... ... already ................... the fire.
10. After she ........................... ... the animals, she went for a walk in the woods.
LOSE, WANT, GATHER, COMMIT, BREAK INTO, DIE, START, EXAMINE, BE, SET
1. Most of the tables were occupied and the guests ........... already... .... . eating their meals.
2. I.................................... to take a good holiday this year but I wasn't able to get away
3. He expected people to be sympathetic because his mother......................................
4. He............................... a newspaper reporter before he became a businessman.
5. The anthropologist left the village when he ... ... .... ......... enough data.
6. When we got back, we discovered that someone ................................... our house.
7. After the doctor.................................... my leg, he told me that it was broken.
131
8. When I questioned the boy he said he didn't know where he ...................................... his cap.
9. The sun .................................... in the west before we reached our destination.
10. The prisoner confessed that he ..... ..... ...... ..
the crime.
EXERCISE 115 : THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Simple1' or "The Past Perfect Continuous".
Example:
I (wait for) ...... ... ..... the bus for two hours when I (see).......... Jane.
I had been waiting for she bus for two hours when I saw Jane.
1. All day I (feel) ............... nervous but the feeling (vanish). .. .... as soon as I (see) .............. her.
2. I (be)....................... ..... ... very tired because I (play).................. ... ....
tennis all afternoon.
3. She (think of) ............. .studying marine biology but she (finally, decide)..on chemistry
4. When I (start)...................... working for this company, I (work)............as an architect for six
years in London.
5. She (bite).. .......... her nails for years, but last month she (make up)........her mind not to bile her
nails any more.
6. I (realize) ............. that I (overwork).......... for a long time, so I (decide).......... to take a couple of
days' holiday
7. When I (get) ........ there, they (already, lest)......... the new nuclear submarine since eight oclock.
8. Rose (feel)................................ ... miserable because it (rain)
. ...................... all weekend.
9. After he (practise) ...................... for an hour, James (start).................... to play the tune perfectly.
10. By the time I (get) ................................. home, they (dance).................... for two hours.
11. My feet (hurt)...... .. ....................... badly because I (walk) ...... .... .... ............ for two hours.
12. The orchestra (play)..... ... .................... for five hours when the dance (end) - ........................ ...
13. . She (wear) ....................... that old hat for a long time when she (find)............... a job in London.
14. When I (last, see). ................... him, he was living in London. He (tell).....me that he
(think of)....emigrating to Australia.
15. When I (enter)....the room I could smell cigarette smoke. Obviously, somebody
(smoke)... in there for hours.
16. He realized that they (cheat) ..............him since he (start) ................. .... to do business with them.
17. When I (reach)..................... the classroom the exam (go on).................... for almost half an hour.
18. The girl with whom I (play) ....................with suddenly (burst).........................into tears.
19. The kettle (boil)................ for a quarter of an hour when we (sit down)....................... at the table.
20. After they (travel)......................for about two hours on the open sea, they (meet)................a big
steamer coming from England.
132
EXERCISE 116 : THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple" or "The Future Perfect Simple.
Example:
I (type) ...............................all the letters by the time I (leave) the office.

I will have typed all the letters by the time I leave the office.
1. Don't worry. I (repair)..................... the car by the time your father (get back).. .... ... ........ .... ...
2. The rain (stop) .................. ..... before we (reach).................................... home.
3. Within five years, I (hope)..........I (get)......................... a big promotion at work.
4. If you (not, hurry up) ................. the bus (go)... .... . before we
(get to)................ ...... the bus-stop.
5. The film (already, start) ....................................... by the time we (get) ..................................... there.
6. I (run out of) .................................................. money by the end of the month.
7. In six months' time, the election (certainly, hold)........................... We may have a new government.
8. It (be)........................ ....... five oclock; they (arrive)............................................................ home by now.
9. By the end of the month I (finish)... ..... .................. my job if everything (go)............. ..... all right.
10. . Miranda speaks English very well. She (take).... ..... ..... ..... .... .... ..... private lessons.
11. It is already midnight. The children (go) ............................................................ to bed by now.
12. Next year, I (be) ..... ... .................... ........ married to Patricia for twenty years.
13. .They (complete) ...................... the building by the time we (receive).............................financial aid from
the government.
14. We (play).......................tennis for four hours if we (not, stop) ......before it(get)............................ dark.
15. We (have)......... .................................. dinner by the time the programme (begin) ......................... .... ...
16. The train (arrive).............and all the passengers (leave) ................the station if we (not, hurry) .................
17. I (learn).................................................. English within two years, I think.
18. . Monica (forget)........................................ you before she (reach)................................... her destination.
19. They (return) ................................................... by the time Angela (get) .... .... ...... .... .. ........... home.
20. The ship (leave).... .... ..... ..... ... the harbour within fifteen minutes.
21. The dance (start)................................ by the time we (arrive) ........................ there.
22. I will be able to buy your car next June. I am afraid I can't wait that long. By then I (sell)............ the car
to someone else.
133

Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "First Conditionals".
Example:
Perhaps I will have a lot of money. Then I will buy a car.

If I have a lot of money, I will buy a cur.
1. Perhaps her husband will not like her new dress. Then she will return it to the store.
If
2. You may not find the address. Then don't forget to call me.
If
3. Perhaps I will see George. Then I will tell her to phone you.
If
4. Paint the house. It may look better.
If
5. Perhaps they will offer me the job. Then I will accept it.
If
6. Tom may phone this evening. Then I will Lake the message.
If
7. The flat may be too expensive. Then I will not rent it.
If
8. I may not have enough money. I cannot have a vacation.
If
9. Melanie may save money. She stops spending money on her clothes.
If
10. It may rain, so my father doesn't let me play in the garden.
If
11. The weather may be too cold tomorrow. Then I will stay at home.
If
12. Don't touch that dog! It may bite you.
If
13. You are eating too much! You are going to put on weight!
If
14. It is going to rain! You will get wet! Take your umbrella.
If
15. Turn the oven off. You might burn the food.
134
If
16. Hurry up! We are going to miss the train.
If
EXERCISE 118 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE1)
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Present Simple, The Future Simple" or "The Imperative".
Example:
If you (walk)...........under a ladder, it (bring)............... ..... ... ....
.. bad luck.
If you walk under a ladder, it brings bad luck. If you walk under a ladder, it will bring bad luck.
1. If it (be).................................. .... foggy this evening, I (stay)........................................... at home.
2. If we (take) ...................... care of the environment, our children (have) ........................ ... a better future.
3. If you (eat)
............................... so much carbohydrate, you (put on) .. .... ... ... . ...... weight.
4. if we (plant) .................... more trees, our children (have).................................. a better environment.

5. If I (get)...... ......... .. ....... a bad headache, I (take)........................ .... ..... one of these tablets.
6. I (send) ............................................ you a letter, if! (receive).... ................................. the money in time.
7. She (telephone).................................. ... me if she (feel) ............................................ that pain again.
8. We (miss) ................... ... the train unless we (hurry)............................................ to the train station.
9. If you (not, obey) ... ... ..... .................... the rules, the teacher (get) ............. .... .... angry with you.
10. Unless we (stand up)..........................................., we (not, see). ..... .... ....
..
anything.
11. II it (rain)................................ , (take) ..... ..... ............... your umbrella.

12. If you (not, feel) ....................................... well, (not, go) ............. .. .... ... to school.
13. If you (see) .........................Janet, please (not, tell)........................................... her the bad news.
14. Where (you, go) .. ... .................... if you (miss) ............................................ the train?
15. If you (not, eat) ............................................ so much, you (lose)... .... ..... .... .... . weight.
16. If I (be)................................... late for work, I (take) ..
.... ....a short cut across die park to save time.
17. You (be) .......................................... in danger if you (meet) ......... ............................. a lion in the forest.
18. If you (be) .... .. .... .............. really sick, why (not, go) ........................................... home right away?
19. If you (go) ............................................ to bed late, you (feel) ...... ..... .... .....
.. tired in the morning.
20. If you (take) ...... .... .... ....... ... drugs regularly, you (become)..........................................addicted to them.
21. if he (not, give) .......................................... me the money, I (kill) .... .... ... ... .. him.
22. He (not, become)....................... very rich unless he (become) ..................................... a successful singer.
23. If he (drive)....................... after dark, he (may, not, find) .. ...................... the house easily.
24. If I (win) ................................. .... an Olympic gold medal, I (be) ......................................... very happy.
25. If you (not, tell) .. ............................... the truth, I (not, let) .......................
..
.. you go to the theatre.
26. If I (win) ....................... a lot of money in a state lottery, I (buy) .................................... you a new car.
27. If you (take) ................. a few drops of this medicine, you (be) .............. in good health again pretty
soon.(not, hesitate) ............................................ to phone me if you (need).......................................... help.
29. If jack (ring)............................ while I am out, (tell)......
135
.......... .him to be here at ten oclock sharp.
30. (not, forget) ..................... to take your umbrella if you (go out)....................... with your friends tonight.

Put the "verbs" in brackets into either "The Past Simple" or "The Present Conditional".
Example:
If I (have) .. .. ... .. .. ...
ten children, I (go). ... .... .. ...
. crazy.
If I had ten children, I would go crazy.

1. I (be).
..... ............... ... delighted if you (come) ........................
........ to stay with us next year.
2. If I (be)............................................ in London now, I (visit) ... ..
..
.... ... . the Tower of London.
3. If he (not, be)....... .. .... ..... ....... drunk, he (not, talk) ...................................... to his father like that.
4. If I (be) ...... .. .. ..
.. .. as rich as you are, I (go) ........... .................... to Italy.
5. Everybody (be) .. .... ..... .. ... frightened to death if the sun (rise) ................ .. .. ..... .. in the west.
6. If I (smoke)... .. .. ....... ........ less, I (not, cough). ....... ..... ..... .. so much.
7. If you (not, give) .................. .....me the money tomorrow. I (kill).. .... .. .. .... ... ..you.
8. If you (come) . ... ..
... ............ to my party tomorrow, we (he) .. .... ..
..
...... very happy.
9. If we all (have) .................. .good manners, the world (be)............ ..... a wonderful place to live in.
10. You (not, feel) .............................. the cold so much if you (wear) ..... ... ... ..... thicker clothes.
11. If you (pay) .................................. more attention, you (learn) ... ...... ..
.. . our language easily.
12. If you (not, eat) .... ... ..... .. ..... ... so much, you (not, put on) ..... ... ... ..... ... ....weight.
13. If I (be) .................................... in your place, f (not, touch) ................................... ....... that snake.
14. I (apologize)............................... to you if I (do) ... ....
.. ....
...
something wrong.
15. If I (not, be) .... .. ....... .. .. . afraid of the mice, f (enter) .................................... the room.
16. You (understand) ........................... the lesson better if you (listen to) .... ... .... .... the teacher carefully.
17. If I (be)... ... .... - - .... ... as strong as you are, I (heat) ....
... ...... ....... him at wrestling.
18. If you (be).. ... .... ... .. .. ..... in trouble, my father (help)............... .......................... you.
19. If I (know).............................................. French, I (teach) ..... ........ ..
20. I (he)
... .you.
.... ......... ... .... ....very happy if Natalie (marry) ... .... .. ..... ..
me.
21. If he (get up) ............................................. early, he (be)....................................... there in time.

22. If I (he) .... .......... ... .......... as clever as you are, I (take up)...................................... chemistry.
23. If I(have) .......................lots of practice in speaking Turkish, I (persuade). ... .. ..... .. her to marry me.
24. What (your father, do) ... .... .... ... .. ... .. if he (know).. ..... ......... ... ... how to play bridge?
25. Who (you, get). .. ..................... married to if you (be)............................................... as beautiful as Julia
26. I (call)
....................................... the electrician if the lights (fail) ... ..... ..... ... ..... ..again.
27. If you (not, apologize). .. .... .......... ..... ..... , I (not, talk to)
... ..
... ...
.. you again.
28. If it (not, rain) ... .. .... .... ... ........ we (have)................................................ a picnic on the island.
29. The hijackers (destroy)..............................
the bus if the police (refuse) ..... ........... to meet them.

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30. If you (arrive) ................................ late, the boss (probably, dismiss) ....... .............................. you.

Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Second Conditionals".
Example:
It is a pity that I don't have a spare ticket, so I cannot take you to the concert.
If I had a spare ticket, I would / could take you to the concert.
1. I don't work hard because my father always shouts at me.

If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. I cannot get a job easily in a bank because I don't know how to use a computer.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. I don't earn much money because I don't work as hard as you do.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. She doesn't do her homework, so she doesn't get good marks.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. What a pity that I have to work tomorrow, so f cannot go shopping with you.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. It is a pity that I am not as handsome as you are, so I cannot marry Angela.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. I am not happy because I am not married to Gilda.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. I have to take a bus because the school is a long way from home.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. What a pity that I am not as tall as you are, so I cannot reach (to) the top shelf.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. I cannot go swimming because I don't have a swimming costume with me now.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. I am sorry that I don't have much money, so I cannot help you.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. I get bored because the lessons are too boring.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. I am sorry that today is not a holiday, so I cannot stay in bed all day long.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. What a pity that I am not a boy, so I cannot go out at nights.
If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. There are a lot of fatal accidents because people drive very carelessly in Turkey.
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If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. We have a baby sitter, so we can go out very often.

If---------------------------------------------------------------------------------EXERCISE 121: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPE 2)
Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Second Conditionals".
Example:
It is not raining, so I will not take my umbrella.

If it were raining, I would take my umbrella.
1. What a pity that the sun is not shining, so I will not take a picture.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. We cannot go to the cinema because I am doing my homework now.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. The population of the world is increasing so rapidly, thats why there is unemployment in the world.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. It is not snowing, that's why we cannot play snowball outside
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. My father will leave the room, because my mother is smoking a cigarette.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. The student is cheating in the exam, so the teacher will punish him.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. The children are living in poverty, so they are begging for bread in the streets.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. I cannot concentrate on my work because my son is playing the piano.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. The police are looking for the terrorists, so they are stopping all the cars.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. We cannot go for a picnic because my father is repairing our old car.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. I will stay at home tonight, because I am taking an exam tomorrow.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. My father will get a divorce because he is always having rows with my mother,
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. I am very depressed because my mother is crying bitterly.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. My eyes are full of tears because the girls are singing our national anthem.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. My brother is very happy because he is dancing with his fianc now.
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If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. The children cannot play tennis because the wind is blowing very hard.
If ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EXERCISE 122 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Put the verbs in brackets into either "The Past Perfect Simple" or "The Perfect Conditional".
Example:
If I (have) ................................. time yesterday, I (play)........................tennis.

If I had had time yesterday, I would have played tennis.
1. I (not, go) .............................. to Paris if I (know).............................................. it was so expensive.

2. If Lisa (put).................... her concert ticket in a safe place, she (not, lose).................................. it.
3. If John (not, wear) ..................................... a t-shirt at the beach, he (get).................................. sunburnt.
4. I (die)............................................... if the surgeon (not, be)............... ...... ........... . so experienced.
5. If I (learn) .................... ..... Arabic when I was in Saudi Arabia, I (find).............................. a better job.
6. She (miss)............. ..... ................ the train if she (not, hurry)................................ .... ....
7. If the driver (be)................................... . careless, we (lose) ... .... ..... .............. our lives.
8. I (be) ...................................... delighted if the teacher (come) .............................................. to my party.
9. If you (go) .......................... to the bank yesterday, you (be) .......................... able To draw some money.
10. If I (have) ....... ................................ a lot of money last year, I (go) ................................. ......... to Japan.
11. If Mary (know).................................. that I was here, she (come)... ............ ....................... at once.
12. If you (get).............................. married to Betty, you (be)
..... .................................... very happy.
13. I (not, go)................ .... .... there if you (not, tell) ................................................ me the truth.
14. If Stella (get).................................. the money from her father, she (buy) ........................... the car.
15. If there (not, be)................ ................ a storm, we (arrive)............................................ much earlier.
16. If it (not, be) ......................................... foggy, I (not, stay) ..................................................
17. If the horse (not, run away).............................. ...... , we (not, walk)......................................... home.
18. If you (not, be) ......................................... so conceited, you (make)... .... ..... ........... more progress.
19. I (buy) ... ........................ you a present if I (know).............. ..... ..... .... that it was your birthday.
20. I (take).......................... . you to the circus if you (tell).......................... me that you were free.
21. I (not, beat).. ......................................... you if you (take) ............................................ my advice.
22. If it (not, be)...................................... ..so cold, she (not, freeze) .............................................. to death.
23. If she (not, be)............... seriously interested in politics, she (can, not, be) ....... .....Prime Minister.
24. What (may, happen)......................................... if you (not, stop).............................. at the traffic lights?
25. If you (tell)............................... him that you were ill, he (not, refuse)....................... ........... to help you.
26. If Julia (get up).... ............................. earlier, she (catch) ............................................ the bus.
27. If I (not, miss) .............................. the train, I (meet) .................. .... .............. you in front of the club.
28. If I (have) .................................... ...... the chance, I (study) . ........................................... medicine.
29. I (sack)
..... ................................. him if he (not, do)..................................... ..... the job well.

139
30. I (have)................... time for breakfast if I (not, sleep) ................................................. late last night.

Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Third Conditionals".
Example:
I was watching TV so I didn't hear what she said.

If I had not been watching TV, I would have heard what she said.
1. It was raining hard, so we could not go for a picnic.

If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Cathy was feeling tired, so she didn't dance with me.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. You were listening to the news, so you didn't understand what we were talking about it.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. I was feeling ill, so my father called a doctor.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. She was suffering from toothache, so she visited the dentist.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. I was feeling dizzy, so I lay down on the sofa.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. The students were talking loudly, so they didn't hear what the teacher said.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. The girl was not looking where she was going, so she fell down and broke her arm.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. I was not watching the road, so I hit the woman.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. The gardener was watering the flowers, so we couldn't have breakfast in the garden.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. I scolded the boy because he was throwing stones all the dogs.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. I went to the theatre because my neighbour was taking care of my children.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. The gardener complained to the teacher because the students were picking the flowers.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. The man was painting the door, and therefore I could not enter the house.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. My mother sent all the children into the garden because they were talking loudly.
140
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. I tore up the book of ray friend because he was making fun of me.
If------------------------------------------------------------------------------------EXERCISE 124 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES)
Rewrite the following sentences using "IF" to make "Third Conditionals".
Example:
It rained last week, so we didn't go for a picnic.

If it had not rained last week, we would have gone for a picnic,
I didn't go to Italy last year, so I didn't visit your sister.
If I had gone to Italy last year, I would have visited your sister.
1. I punished you because you didn't tell me the truth.

If.............................................................................................................................
2. He didn't go to a university because he didn't pass the exam.
If.............................................................................................................................
3. The ship ran aground because they didn't drop anchor in time.
If.............................................................................................................................
4. She failed in her exam because she didn't study hard.
If.............................................................................................................................
5. My brother didnt become a Member of Parliament because he didn't win the election.
If.............................................................................................................................
6. My friend didn't do his job properly, so he was sacked.
If.............................................................................................................................
7. The horse I backed didnt win the race, so I lost all my money
If.............................................................................................................................
8. The aeroplane didn't crash because the pilot was very experienced.
If.............................................................................................................................
9. Her brother didn't see the programme, so he didn't change his eating habits.
If.............................................................................................................................
10. The weather was very cold, so we didn't go for a swim.
If.............................................................................................................................
11. I didn't know that you were hungry, so I didnt invite you to dinner.
If.............................................................................................................................
12. I didn't put any petrol in the car before I left, so it stopped.
If.............................................................................................................................
13. Claudia didn't take her umbrella yesterday, so she got wet.
If.............................................................................................................................
14. I was not delighted because the teacher didnt come to my party.
141
If.............................................................................................................................
15. I didnt have any time, so I didnt play tennis.
If.............................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 125 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (UNLESS / IF ... NOT)
Rewrite the following sentences using "UNLESS" or "IF ... NOT".
Example :
If you don't tell me the truth, I will not help your husband.
Unless you tell me the truth, I will not help your husband.
16. The party will not be any fun if you don't bring your sisters.
Unless you ................... ... ... ... .. ... ..................
... ..... .....
..
.................... . ..
17. Unless you are more careful, you will have an accident.
If you .. ... .. ... ... ... ................ ...
.. ..... ....
.................. ..
..... .... ...
18. I will not do my homework if you dont stop talking.

Unless you .............................. .. ..... ... ... ...
...................................... .... ....
19. She will not be able to speak Spanish unless she goes to Spain.
If she.. .... .. .... ....................... .. .... .. ... ................
.. ...
..
.. .....................
20. If I don't see you at the station, I will try to get in touch with you at the hotel. Unless I. .. .....................................
.. .... .... ...
... ..
................................. ...
.. ....
21. The plane will not be able to land unless the weather improves.
If the weather ... .. .. ,. ... ... ..... ..
... ....................................
... .... ..... ..... ..... .. ...
22. I will die if you don't give me a drink.

Unless you... ........................... .......... .. ..... ..... .... .... .... .... ....... ............. .. ... ..
.. .....
23. We will go for a picnic tomorrow if it does not rain.

Unless it. .... ... ..
. ...................................... .. .....
..
..
..
..
.... . ..... ............. ....... ....
24. They will not lose weight unless they eat less.
If they..... ... .. .... .. .. .. ... .................................................
..
..... .... ..... ... .............
25. If I don't have a quiet room, I will not be able to do my homework.

Unless.............................................. .. .... .. ... ... ...
.... ....... ...................... ...
... .. ....
26. Unless you write to her and apologize, she will not forgive you.
If you
.... .... ... .... ... ........................................ ....
.. ...
..
..
... .. .......... ............. ...
27. If she doesnt get another job, she will have to sell her house.
Unless she .... .. ... ........................................... ..
..... ..... .... .... ............................... .... ... .
28. You cannot get sleeping pills if you dont get a prescription from a doctor.
Unless you ............... ... .. ... .... .. ..................... . ..
..
..
..
..... .... .... . .
..............
29. Unless you drive more slowly, you will have an accident.
If you ... ... .. ........................... .. .. .... .... ... . ......................... .
30. If she does not start early, she will be held up in the traffic.
142
.. .... ..... ... ... ..
Unless she .... .. .... .. .. .......................... ... .....
..
.. ... .......................... ............. ... ..
31. You would not have succeeded unless you had taken my advice.
If you ....................... ... .... .. ..... ......................... ...
..
.. ... .... ............. ........ ..... ... ..

Change the First Conditional sentences into "The Second and Third Conditionals".
Example : Type 1
a. If it rains, we will go to the cinema.
Type 2
b. If it rained, we would go to the cinema.
Type 3
c. If it had rained, we would have gone to the cinema.
1. A. If you eat too much, you will get sick.

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. A. If I have a lot of money, I will make a trip around the world.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. A. If there is a bus strike, we will not be able to go to work,
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A. You will not succeed if you do not take my advice.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A. I will be in London by six oclock if I do not miss this train.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. A. We will have a party if the weather is fine.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A. If I am rich, I will send you to England.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A. If you do more exercise, you will feel healthier.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A. If you are not careful, you will fall into the water.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A. Will you go to the post office if your letter gets lost in the post?
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B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EXERCISE 127 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (TYPES 1/2/3)

Match up the two halves of the following "Conditional Sentences" (Types 1/2/3) to make logical sentences
by writing them.
1. (
)If it were not so urgent, ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. (
)If you had stopped at the red light. ---------------------------------------------------------------------
3. (
)If we lost the match--------------------------------.----------------------------------------------------
4. (
)If you work hard, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. (
)If I were in your shoes-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. (
)If there were a gym, --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. (
)If you do not stand up when I come in------------------------------------------------------------------
8. (
)If it had rained last night----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. (
)If I were the Prime Minister of Turkey, ----------------------------------------------------------------
10. (
)If I had a lot of time,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. (
)If it does not rain-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12. (
)It you see Margaret, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. (
)If I had been ill--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
14. (
)If the weather does not change---------------------------------------------------------------------------
15. (
)If I had known it was going to rain-----------------------------------------------------------------------
a. We will have to put the match off until Monday.

b. I would not have taken my exam.
c. I would play sports at school.
d. I would not set up a coalition party in Turkey.
e. I would not have to ask somebody quickly.
f. The performance would have been cancelled.
g. We will go for a walk in the country.
h. I would not buy that old car.
i. Will you please tell her the news?
j. I would go to a concert.
k. We would not be disappointed.
l. I could have taken my umbrella.
m. You will pass the examination.
n. I will punish you severely.
o. Would not have had the accident.
144

Complete the following conditional sentences on your own. (TYPES 1/2/3)
1. If I were in your place,...........................................................................................................
2. You will not learn English unless ...........................................................................................................
3. She will not feel better if...........................................................................................................
4. If I had learned Arabic...........................................................................................................
5. Would you see a doctor if ...........................................................................................................?
6. You will have a good time if...........................................................................................................
7. If I were as tall as you are ...........................................................................................................
8. Would you have forgiven me if...........................................................................................................
9. If he had been rich, ...............................................................................................................
10. He wouldn't have solved the problem if ..................................................................................................
11. If they were in a hurry, ...........................................................................................................
12. Rose would have been angry if...........................................................................................................
13. If Natalie comes to the party,...........................................................................................................
14. Unless he earns a lot of money,.........................................................................................................
15. If I have enough money...........................................................................................................
16. She would make a cake for the children if.................................................................................................
17. If it had not rained yesterday, ...........................................................................................................
18. What would you have done if...........................................................................................................?
19. 19.I will get my money back if ...........................................................................................................
20. I would be very grateful to you if..............................................................................................
21. If I had worn your raincoat...........................................................................................................
22. If Eileen were not so busy, ...........................................................................................................
23. I would call the police if ...........................................................................................................
24. If I had taken your advice, ...........................................................................................................
25. If I had known that you were ill...........................................................................................................
26. Would you play bridge with me if.......................................................................................................
27. If your father shaves more often, ...........................................................................................................
28. Our cities would look beautiful if...........................................................................................................
29. If you had gone on a diet, ...........................................................................................................
30. You would enjoy life more if...........................................................................................................
31. If you touch that dog, ...........................................................................................................
145
32. What will you do if .....................................................................................................................?

33. I would definitely accept that job if .................................................................................................
34. I would apply for that job in Paris if.................................................................................................
EXERCISE 129 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (IN CASE)
Combine the following pairs of sentences using "IN CASE" to express a "precaution".
Example:
I will give Jane my address. Perhaps she will write to me.

I will give Jane my address in case she writes to me.
I gave Jane my address. Perhaps she would write to me.
I gave Jane my address in case she wrote to me.
1. I will give you a key Perhaps you will come home early
2. I will not go out this evening. My girlfriend will probably phone me.
3. You had better hurry. It is probable that you will miss the train.
4. I will make the man lie down. Maybe he will faint and fall.
5. You should lake a map with you. Perhaps you will get lost in lire city.
6. I will write this number down. I will probably forget it.
7. You have to leave for work early. Perhaps you will get stuck in a traffic jam.
8. I will take a sweater with me. Perhaps the weather will get cold.
9. I will play the record softly. Perhaps our neighbour will complain.
10. I want to leave now. Perhaps the bus will come early
11. I will send these photographs to you. Perhaps you will be interested.
12. I will take a gun with me. Perhaps the bandits will attack me.
13. You had better chain up the dog. Most probably it will bite.
14. You had better take an umbrella. It is probable that you will get wet.
15. I bought the car at once. Perhaps the owner would change his mind.
16. We will walk home. We are likely to miss the last bus.
146
EXERCISE 130 : GENERAL EXERCISES (THE AXULIARY VERBS)

Complete the following sentences with "The Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below.
AM
ARE
HAVE
IS
HAS
WAS
WERE
HAD WOULD
DO DOES
DID
WILL
SHALL
SHOULD
1. I..... .... ..been studying English for six years.

2. Diana....................................... not go to the cinema yesterday.
3. .........................................you ever been to China?
4. Somebody.. ..
.. .............................. tapping at the window now.
5. By this time next week, my father will...... ..... ..... ..................... arrived in Madrid.
6. Women ........... .... ... ................... wearing mini skirls this year.
7. He ............ .............................. just recovered from his illness.
8. We .................................................. probably go to Germany next month.
9. I wish I............................. ..... ........... learned French when I was in Paris.
10. I......................... ................... going to see him at three oclock tomorrow.
11. He .... ....................................... visited Paris many times since he became a doctor.
12. How long ..... ... .............................. your parents been married?
13. Olga ......................................... singing a Russian song while they were playing cards.
14. What ... ... .................................... you doing while she was setting the table?
15. It................................................... raining cats and dogs at the moment.
16. If I had a lot of money, I................................................. buy a new car.
17. The sun ............. .... ....................... not go round the earth.
18. I.............. ........................... be waiting for you when you go out.
19. He ...................................... ... been studying law for many years when he got married.
20. If I .................. .......................... studied hard, I................................... ...
... have passed my class.
21. He. .............................................. been very successful so far.

22. I wish my father .... ........................................... been here yesterday.
23. I would rather you ........................................... . not smoke here,
24. I................................................. no sooner left the room than the telephone rang.
25. ................................................. you think that we can have roast beef for dinner?
26. How much chocolate ............................................. you eaten this morning?
27. Which of the two girls ............ ..... ......................... he take to the dance last night?
28. We ..have no news of them for several years.
147
29. The children ............................................... waiting for a bus when the accident happened.
30. You .............................................. lake your children to hospital right away.
31. ................................................ we go fishing this afternoon?
Complete the sentences with the correct forms the verbs
BE
1. I.... ...... .... ..
2. I ....
.. .. .. very much interested in jazz music when I was in the navy
....... .......... ... an English teacher since I came to Istanbul.
3. If you .... .... .. ............ careful, you will learn how to drive a car in a short time.
4. I ................... .. .. ..... very happy if I go to Paris next year.
5. The rain had stopped by the time we .......... ........ .... ..
.ready to go.
6. My sister.. ... ... ..... ... .. ... in love with a pilot for four years when she left Madrid.
7. When I met Miranda in Istanbul, she
..... ............ ..... .. twenty years old.
8. I wish I ... .... ............. . .. at the party last night.

9. I wish I ..... .......... ..
.. .. as handsome as you are.
10. Lora ...... ..... . .. ............ the most beautiful girlI have ever seen.
11. If I . . ................. .... ... ..in your place, I wouldn't leave her.
12. It... ............................. ... a long time since I last saw you in Paris.
13. I don't know if she ... ..... .... ... ............ married to Tom three years ago.
14. It
15. I......
...
..
.................. the best game i had ever seen.
.... never . ............. . in love with another girl until I came to Paris.
16. Love me or leave me and let me ..
... .... ... . ...... lonely.
17. Linda .... .............................. .sick for six years before she found a better job.
18. You cannot get a driving licence until you
....... ......
... ..
19. Peter has been breaking things ever since he .......................
eighteen years old.

.... a little boy.
20. ..... ........... you ever .... .... ... to Canada in your life?
21. Barton Lynch ..................... ... ... .. in prison for ten years now.
22. ..... . .....
.... .. ... careful when you ... ... ...............
driving a car.
23. I ............................. ... punished by my father every morning.

24. Helen ..... .............. .... in London next week if she... ... .. ......... ..... able to pass her class.
25. I want...... .. .... .. .... .... a medical doctor when I grow up,
26. I .... .................... interested in politics ever since I joined this club.
27. There used ... - ..................... .. . a church near the hospital many years ago.
28. I........... ........ ..... ... very happy if I get married to that girl.
29. There .........
. .. ... .. a postal strike since last week.
30. .. ........... you ........... .. glad if you had three children now?
148
HAVE
1. ................................ breakfast at the moment.
2. My father ............................. .... .. a cold shower every morning.
3. We ....... .... ..................... dinner when the phone rang.
4. I ...... ..... .... .... .... a bath when I finish doing my homework.
5. She ................................................. a car when she was in London
6. We ...... .................................... a good time at the party last night.
7. The students .............................................. a good time when I saw them at the party.
8. My father ... ... ... ... .... ...
this car since he became a teacher.
9. I wish I................................................. three children now.

10. It is time we ................................................. lunch now.
11. I ..... .... .... .. ..... .. my car repaired tomorrow.
12. We ....................................... a picnic if the weather is fine tomorrow.
13. I ......................................... a lot of headaches lately.
14. We .......................................... a lot of snow last year.
15. We ........................................ a chat when the teacher entered the classroom.
16. I....................... .. ..... ... Chemistry if I go to London.
17. When I heard the news, I gave up ................... .... ...
.. for my exams.
18. Do you want......... ... ........... ... French before going to France?
19. I will play the piano while you
........... the accounts,
20. I love .... ........................................ in the morning, not in the evening.

21. After ..... .......................... . the works of Shakespeare, I started writing poems.
22. Stop ................. ..
.. .. . the face of the man in the picture. Do something else.
23. I................................................ German for three years, but I cannot speak it yet.
24. If she.. ..... .... .......................Japanese alone, I am sure that she cannot make any progress.
25. If you want to be a medical doctor, you must.............................................. medicine.
26. Maria ................................................. a cup of lea before she started playing the piano.
27. If you want ................................................ a good time, you must come to our party.
28. We ................ ..
... ... . dinner as soon as my father comes home.
29. It is a tradition........... .. .... .. Turkey for Thanksgiving Day dinner in the United States.
30. When I told the doctor that I . ........ . ..........
earache for nearly a month, he gave me a prescription.
149
STUDY
1. I................................................. for my exam at the moment.
2. Susan .......... ... ....................... English for two hours every day.
3. My father............. ......... .... .... French for two months last year.
4. My friend .............................................. this subject very carefully when the Second World War started.
5. We................................................. Russian since we came to Istanbul.
6. The scientist................................................. the drinking habits of animals when he goes to Africa.
7. Shall we .... .................................... in the living room tonight?
8. .... ...... you ever...... ... .. the surface of the moon?
9. History and Economics .. .... .... .. ... ... by the students at this school.
10. The report you gave me .
11. Let's .....
.. ...
.. .. ..
..
.. by the doctors tomorrow.
... ....... the life of Atatrk.
12. Would you go to London if you .. . .... ... ...
. .... under Etude Menuhin?
13. If I were you I. .... .. ................. the map of Turkey before going there.
14. My parents didn't let me .. .... . ...... .. ... in my bedroom.
15. If they allow us . .... ... .................. in the living room. We will have a wonderful time.
16. I ..
............. .....
Chemistry if I go to London.
17. When I heard the news, I gave up .. .... ..... ............ for my exams.
18. Do you want
.. .... ......... .....
French before going to France?
19. If will play the piano while you ............... .. ....
.. the accounts.
20. I love .............
..... .... ... in the morning, not in the evening.
21. Alter. ... ... ..
.. .... the works of Shakespeare, I started writing poems.
22. Stop . .............. .

23. If. ..... .. ..
..
...
.. the face of the man in the picture. Do something else.
.. .. German for three years, but I cannot speak it yet.
24. If she ... ... .................... Japanese alone, I am sure she can't make any progress.
25. If you want to be a medical doctor, you must
.. ...
150
..
.... ..... medicine.

Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example:
I (make)........... .......... a lot of friends since I come........to Istanbul

I have made a lot of friends since I came to Istanbul.
1. Why (you/look) ................................................. at me like that? Have I said something wrong?

2. The River Amazon (flow) ............................................. into the Pacific Ocean.
3. Look! Somebody (climb) .. ..... .... ... ..... ...up that tree over there.
4. I will have eaten my dinner by the time they (come) ..
..
... ... ..
..here.
5. The teacher (be) ........................................... at the meeting two days ago.

6. I (phone)... .... ... ...... ... .. you as soon as I arrive in London.
7. We (just / sit)..... .... ... .... .... .... down to dinner when a fire (breakout)............ ... .... ... ..last night.
8. The exam (already / begin).......................... when they (discover)................................. that one the exam
papers (be). ... . missing.
9. Mr. Brown (usually/go)................. to the theatre on Fridays. He (do).............that more than twenty years.
10. (you/meet) .......... ........ your English teacher? Yes, I have. I (meet) ................................. her yesterday.
11. (you/have)............................................... a good time at the party last night?
12. My feet hurt badly because I (walk) ........... .... .... .....
for an hour and a half.
13. My father (conduct) ............................................ an orchestra since 1997.

14. I wish I (be) ...... .. ..
.. .. there to help when your mother (be)................... .... ..... .. so ill last night.
15. It is time you (go) ............................................ if you want to catch that train.
16. They (not / write) .... .... .... ... .... .. to us since they (go) .......................... ...... .... . to Madrid.
17. Tom feels tired now. He (practise) ... .... .... ................. his new guitar all day long.
18. He (teach) .............. hundreds of students, but he (never/meet)................... such a hopeless class like this.
19. Mrs. Smith (often / drink)
..... .. .......... tea, but today she (drink)
.... ... ... .... ... ....coffee.
20. The house (be)..................... very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go)..................................... to bed.
21. He (sleep) .... .................................. for ten hours. It is time he (wake up) now,
22. When we reached the bus-stop, we (see)
....
........ that the bus (already / go) ................ ......... ..
23. I (make) ............................................... cakes. That's why my hands are all covered with flour.
24. What would you do if you (have).. ........................................... a million pounds?
25. By the end of the month we (work) .... .... ... .... ....... on this book for ten months.
26. The telephone (ring) .................................... .. for five minutes. Why don't you answer it?
27. They were all exhausted because they (work) . ... ..... .... ..... ... hard since morning.
28. She (hardly / enter) ......................................... the classroom when the exam started.
151
29. They (not / leave) ................ .... ... .... . the office until I had completed my report.
30. What a pity that! I don't know her telephone number. I wish I (know) ................................. her number.

1. Columbus (try)...... .... . to reach India for a long time when he (discover).... ..
.............America.
2. None of the students (know)...... the answer to that question, because the teacher (not/teach).that
subject yet.
3. I see that you (still/do) .... .... ...your math homework. How many problems (you/solve)........ ...... so far?
4. This is the house where I used to live, but I (not/live)
5. I (be).
... ..
... .. .. there any longer.
.. .. - -. in the cafe for nearly two hours when she finally arrived.
6. The accident happened after we (leave) ...... ..
.. ... the restaurant.
7. I am on a strict diet. I (eat) ................................. ....... nothing but bananas for the last ten days.
8. I would rather you (not / say)
.. .... ... .. .... anything about this to anybody, please.
9. If I (know) ... ... ..... ... .... .. that you (be)..

10. He told me that he (be). . .. ... ... ..
....... ............. ill, I would have visited you.
in London for ten days.
11. I swear that there (never/be) ............. ............. ......... such a wonderful game of cricket before.
12. No sooner had she got onto the motorway than her car (break down). .............. .....
..... . .
13. The Browns (buy)................... a big house in London last year, and they (live) ......... ...there ever since.
14. When I last (see).....................him, he (live)..in London .He (tell)..........me
that he (think of).emigrating to Australia.
15. I posted the parcel today, so I am sure that you (get)........................ it ma few days.
It (usually /take)..........two days.
16. The watch you (buy) ... ........... yesterday (not/work) .......... I (lake).it back to the shop if I were you.
17. Do you mind if I (smoke) ..........
a cigarette here?
18. Your eyes were all red. (you/cry) .. .... ...
..
.. when I (see) ................. .................. you?
19. What do you think you (do) ... ..... ... ... ... ? That's my car you (try) ................................... to get into.
20. I wish you (turn down) .... ... .. ....... . that music. I am trying to make a phone call.
21. Next Monday (be)........ ............................... a national holiday.
22. The President (only just/leave)......
........
.... the Palace when a time-bomb (explode)........yesterday.
23. I cannot carry this heavy table. I wish someone (help)..
.... ... .... ... ..me
24. You (not /tell).........................me that the buses were running. I wish you (tell). ..... me
before I (leave)..................... the house.
25. When the results of her medical tests (arrive) .................. she realised that she (not/be).. ... .... in good
health.
26. He told me that he (be).. .. ..
.. ... ... a waiter before (become) .. ..

152
.. .. .... ... a taxi-driver.
27. They have been looking for the dog which (be) ...
..
.... ... .. missing for three days.
EXERCISE 134 GENERAL EXERCISES (ON TENSES)

1. There (be)........ ........................ many students at the meeting tomorrow,
2. That child (be) . ..... .......................... ill. He (eat).......... ...................... ever since he sat down.
3. I wish I (learn)................. ............... French when I (be). .. ...................... in Paris ten years ago.
4. I (go).. ........................... . to London two years ago, but I (not / be)...... ....................there since then.
5. John (be) .................................. busy now. He (write) ........................ ....... a letter.
6. We (be)..................................... in Madrid for two months last year.
7. The wind (always / blow).............................very hard during the month of March.
8. He says that he (be)................................. here in a few minutes.
9. (not/make) ........................ ...... a noise here, children! My baby (sleep)........... ......................
10. If you (not /know) ......................the meaning of a word, (look).......................it up in a dictionary.
11. It is high time you (make up).......................... .your mind about (choose).................... .. a career. If you
(not / decide) ....................... soon, you can never settle down to work.
12. Whenever her husband (leave).............. ............... on business, she feels very lonely until he (come back)
13. We (go) ........................ to the circus last week. It (be)........................very interesting for me, because I
(not/be).......to a circus before.
14. I am sure my life (change). .................... a lot after I (graduate) .... ........... ... from the university.
15. I (be)............... to the cinema twice this week, but normally I (not/go)........... ..... to the cinema so often.
16. I have noticed that since I (start).................... this course, my English (improve) . ... .......... ..... a lot.
17. It is years since I last (see)............. .. him, so I may not recognize him when I (meet).... ...........him again.
18. There (be) ................ .................. great progress in computer technology in recent years.
19. The project I (work)............... on at the moment (seem) ......... .............. to be difficult, but it isn't in fact.
20. Sheila (always / catch)...................... the 8.30 train, but this morning she (catch) ..................... the 8.45.
21. I (run into) ............ him at nine oclock this morning just before the exam; I (not / see) ................. him
since then.
22. I (ring) ... ...........................his phone for ten minutes, but nobody (answer).......... .................... it yet.
23. When Columbus (land)...............................in America in 1492, he (not/know)................... that he
(discover)......................... a new continent.
24. When I(arrive) ... ......................... .. at the theatre last night, the play (just/begin)... ............ ................
25. I am very nervous because this (be) ..... ......... the first time I (drive)................................. a car in my life.
153

Find the necessary "verbs" and put their correct forms into the blanks.
1. Please.
.... .. .........not .. .
.............. so much noise. I am doing my homework.
2. Where is Margaret? She ..... .............

3. Silvia .... .. ........
.. .. a bath now.
.... ... English with ray lather at the moment.
4. The population of the world .. .. ... .. ..... . .... ...

5. Why.... .....
you
very fast.
.......... at me like that? Have I said something wrong?
6. Excuse me, I............ .. ... ... ..... a phone box. Is there one near here?
7. These days food .... .. .............. ... . more and more expensive.
8. Hello. Steve.I ... .... .............. not
......
.... ... you for ages.
9. The earth ... ..... ................ .. .round the sun.

10. Nurses ... ....... ...... ...... ... .. patients in hospitals.
11. Rice ............ . not .. .. ... ..... in England.
12. In summer Tom .............. .. .. ..
tennis twice a week.
13. The River Amazon .. .. ................
into the Pacific Ocean.
14. The kettle .. .... .. . ............ . Could you turn it off, please?
15. ............. ... .... . those people. What language are they speaking?
16. That machine isn't working. It......... ... .... ............. this morning.
17. My parents live in London. They ..
.. . ......
18. Look! Somebody ................ .. ..
....... that tree over there.
19. Do you
.... ... there for twenty years.
................... ... ....the God?
20. I usually ............ .. .... ... ........ to work by bus.

21. You can.... ..... ... ............. my umbrella. I don't need it at the moment.
22. My father is in London at the moment. lie .....................
...
. at the Hilton Hotel.
23. What ......... ....
your father ...... .. ... ? -He is a medical doctor.
24. Alex.................
.. ..
..
married to Helen next month.
25. Does the film .. .......... .. .... ... .. at 3.30 or at 4.30?

26. What time .......... .. the train.... .... ... . at the station this morning?
27. He was going to travel round the world but in the end he ..
28. I........ ..
............... .... ... his mind.
... ............ my new dress to the party tomorrow evening.
29. The sky is full of black clouds. I think it ..
...... ....... ...
..
30. What would you like ... .... ........... .. ... ? -I'll have a lemonade, please.
31. Will you please ........... .... .... ................. quiet? I am studying English.
154
32. My bicycle has a flat tyre. Can you ................ .. ...

33. I think Tom will like the present you .....
34. Wait here until I .... .....
it for me?
.... .. ............ . for him.
... ........ back.

Find the necessary "verbs" and put their correct forms into the blanks.
1. We... .... ......... not......................... her to the party, so she didn't come.
2. .................... you ..................... a good time at the party last night?
3. I was hungry, so I............................................. something to eat.
4. Tom's father ..... .................................. him how to drive when he was seventeen.
5. Don fell down the stairs this morning and .... ..... ............................. his leg.
6. We needed some money so we. .... ................................ our car.
7. Jim................................................. the ball to Sue, who caught it.
8. Peter didn't shave this morning because he ... .... ....not..................... time.
9. I ...... .......... not......................... anything because I was not hungry.
10. While we ......... ......... .. .......... dinner, Tom came home.
11. Last night I was reading in bed when suddenly I ............................................ a scream.
12. I.. ............. not.......................... very fast when the accident..................... ... .... .yesterday
13. While I................................ .. ... the dishes, I broke a plate.
14. Peter... .... ......... ............... a photograph of me while I was not looking.
15. I have ............................................. my key. Can you help me look for it?
16. Are you going to the bank? - No, I................... already............................. to the bank.
17. I.... ...... . never ......................... a car before because I haven't got a driving licence.
18. Fred............................................. ill a lot in the past few years.
19. Hamlet was ................................. .... ... by Shakespeare.
20. America was ....... .... .... .... ............. by Columbus in 1492.
21. I.. .... ..... ... ...... ..... very tired when I got home.
22. What time .......................... Mary usually....................... lunch?
23. ........................ you ... .... ......... a swim this morning?
24. Can you ................................................ any foreign languages?
25. I.......................... not................ .. my mind where I am going to hang that picture.
26. What is Jill going to do when she ............. ...... ..... ..... ... from school?
27. Excuse me! Could you tell me how to ............................................ the station?
28. What would you do if you ............................................ a million pounds?
29. I wish I............ .... .. ................ rich now.
30. I told the hotel receptionist that I wanted to be ............... .... .... ..... . at 6.30.
31. Her new book will be ........................................... into French by me.
155
32. What.............................. ... ..... to you last night?

33. I.................. ......... .......... coffee to tea.
34. Would you ..................................... closing the door, please?
EXERCISE 137 : GENERAL EXERCISES (COMPLETION)
Complete the following sentences on your own.
1. I make mistakes when_______________________________________________________
2. We always take our shoes off before ________________________________________________
3. After I get up________________________________________________________
4. If pay attention to the traffic signs while ___________________________________________________
5. My sister gets dressed as soon as _______________________________________________________
6. As soon as f finished my homework,
7. She stayed in bed until
___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
8. Till she gets better,________________________________________________________

9. While he was in Paris, ________________________________________________________
10. While we have a bath, ________________________________________________________
11. I played tennis before .. ________________________________________________________
12. I turned oil the lights after ________________________________________________________
13. I am going to let you know as soon as _________________________________________________
14. I feel nervous whenever ________________________________________________________
15. Whenever I sing a song, ________________________________________________________
16. I didn't eat anything because________________________________________________________
17. Shall we________________________________________________________?
18. Let's ________________________________________________________
19. I wonder how much.________________________________________________________
20. Iwonderif________________________________________________________
21. Do you know where________________________________________________________?
22. My father doesn't let ________________________________________________________
23. Do you know who. ________________________________________________________?
24. What will you do if________________________________________________________?
25. I wonder how long ________________________________________________________
26. Could you speak English when ________________________________________________________?
27. I have had this car since________________________________________________________
28. She is the most beautiful girl I ________________________________________________________
29.When it got dark, ________________________________________________________
30.She didn't go to school yesterday because _________________________________________________
31.When I was very young, ________________________________________________________
156
32.I saw the lion which ________________________________________________________

33.I finished my homework but ________________________________________________________
34.Was it raining when ________________________________________________________?
Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structures below to express your wishes for
the Present or Future.
SUBJECT
WISH
IF ONLY
SUBJECT
Example:
+
+
SUBJECT
THE PAST SIMPLE
THE PAST SIMPLE
What a pity that I am a poor man.

I wish I were not a poor man. If only I were not a poor man.
It is a pity that Olga does not love me.
I wish Olga loved me. If only Olga loved me.
1. It is a pity that I don't know the name of that pretty girl.

I wish________________________________________________________
2. There is a party this evening, but I have a terrible headache.
If only________________________________________________________
3. We are very sorry that we live in a city with a lot of air pollution.
I wish ________________________________________________________
4. It is a shame that we don't have a television set at home.
If only ________________________________________________________
5. Natalie feels sorry that her parents live in misery.
Natalie wishes ________________________________________________________
6. It is a pity that I have to work in the office tomorrow.
If only ________________________________________________________
7. I am very sorry that I am not a king.
I wish ________________________________________________________
8. I am sorry that I cannot speak French as fluently as my father.
If only ________________________________________________________
9. What a pity that I am not as handsome as you are.
I wish ________________________________________________________
10. I am sorry that I have an old father.
If only ________________________________________________________
11. It is a great pity that people do not obey the traffic rules properly.
I wish ________________________________________________________
12. I am very sorry that I cannot go to the wedding party of my friend.
If only ________________________________________________________
157
13. What a pity that I am not in London now.

I wish ________________________________________________________

Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to express your wishes for
SUBJECT
WISH
IE ONLY
SUBJECT
SUBJECT
+
THE PAST CONTINUOUS
THE PAST CONTINUOUS
Example: What a pity that I am not living in luxury.

I wish I were living in luxury.
If only I were living in luxury.
I am sorry that you are teasing my daughter about her spots.
I wish you were not teasing my daughter about her spots.
If only you were not teasing my daughter about her spots.
1. It is a pity that I am not going to London with ray father.
I wish ________________________________________________________
2. What a pity that I am not dancing with that beautiful girl now.
If only ________________________________________________________
3. They are not doing the Polka now and 1 am sorry for that.
I wish ________________________________________________________
4. I am sorry that you are not helping Helen with her homework.
If only ________________________________________________________
5. I cannot see the Queen because you are sitting in front of me.
I wish ________________________________________________________
6. I think you are lying to your father now.
If only ________________________________________________________
7. I am sorry that you are selling your car.
I wish ________________________________________________________
8. It is a pity that you are helping my enemies.
If only________________________________________________________
9. What a pity that Patricia is not expressing her opinions clearly.
I wish
________________________________________________________
10. What a pity that you are not taking your fathers advice all the time.
If only________________________________________________________
11. I am sorry that you are not speaking as clearly as possible.
I wish
________________________________________________________
158
12. It is a pity that the children are making a lot of noise now.
If only ________________________________________________________

SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + WOULD/COULD + PLAIN INFINITIVE
Example: I know that I cannot stop eating too much chocolate.
I wish I could stop eating so much chocolate.
It is a pity that my father smokes hubble-bubble.
I wish my father would stop smoking hubble-bubble.
1. I am sorry that I wont be able to play tennis as well as Mary does.
I wish
2. What a pity that I won't be able to come to your party on Saturday.
I wish
3. It is a pity that your friend smokes too much.
I wish
4. According to the weather prediction, it is going to rain tomorrow.
I wish
5. My son is not coming to London for Christmas. All the rest of the family will be here.
I wish
6. Aren't you tired of wearing that old sweater?
I wish
7. This clock doesn't function properly.
I wish
8. My wife says it is her holiday too, and won't help with the children.
I wish
9. My husband doesn't try to find a better job.
I wish
10. We won't be able to start the English courses in the near future.
We wish
11. They are not doing anything for the welfare of Turkey.
We wish
12. You are getting married to that girl, but I must warn you that she is bad-tempered.
I wish
13. I notice that you are not paying attention to the traffic rules.
159
I wish
14. Margaret is always having her meals at that restaurant.
I wish
Make a comment for each of the following situations using the structure below to change other people's
irritating habits or behaviour for the Present or Future.
SUBJECT + WISH + SUBJECT + WOULD + PLAIN INFINITIVE
Example:
The children are always asking me for money.

I wish the children wouldn't always ask me for money.
Your friend is constantly having rows with his wife.
I wish he wouldn't constantly have rows with his wife.
1.Our neighbours are always quarrelling. It is really irritating.

I wish our neighbours
2. The children upstairs are making a lot of noise at the moment
I wish the children upstairs
3. My sister is always cracking her knuckles in front of visitors.
I wish my sister
4. My husband doesn't take me out to dinner once a year.
I wish my
5. The woman doesn't dust the furniture when she comes here.
I wish the woman
6. My brother is perpetually cheating me at cards.
I wish my brother
7. My friends are always joking about my moustache.
I wish my friends
8. The students are constantly yawning in the class.
I wish the students
9. Your daughter is always asking me silly questions.
I wish your daughter
10. Miranda is always coming to me with some stupid requests.
I wish Miranda
11. My father is constantly leaving his socks on the carpet.
I wish my
12. You are continually finding fault with me.
I wish you
13. My brother is always playing loud music, I am fed up with it.
160
I wish my brother
14. Monica is perpetually biting her nails.
I wish Monica
the Past.
SUBJECT + WISH
IF ONLY
Example:
+ SUBJECT + THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
+ SUBJECT + THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

It is a pity that I spent all my money on clothes yesterday.
I wish I had not spent all my money on clothes yesterday.
I am sorry that I didn't tell him the truth last night.
If only I had told him the truth last night.
1. What a pity that I didn't work for that company until I got married.
I wish I
2. I didn't learn Spanish when I was in Madrid, and now I am sorry for that.
If only I
3. I left the house before my friend came and I am sorry for that.
I wish I
4. I am sorry that I didn't wear my new dress to Helen's party last night.
If only I
5. Lillian stole her friend's lighter last week, and now she feels very sorry for it.
Lillian wishes she
6. Tina has just painted the door red. Now she thinks that it doesnt look nice.
If only Tina
7. Gina mixed up all kinds of drinks last night, and now she has got a terrible headache.
Gina wishes she
8. It is a pity that my father got wet, because he had not taken his umbrella yesterday
If only my father
9. Lucy didn't look after her mother when she was sick, and now she is sorry for it.
Lucy wishes she
10. It is a pity that they couldn't take any pictures, because they had not brought their camera.
If only they
11. I didn't get married to the girl I loved, and now I am very sorry for it.
I wish I
12. I was rude to my friend yesterday, and now I am very sorry.
If only I
161
13. What a pity that I couldn't buy the car I desired, because I didn't have enough money.
I wish I

Put the correct "Passive Forms of the Verbs" in brackets in the following sentences.
THE PRESENT SIMPLE
Example:
Atatrk ......... .... ..
... .... ..... by everybody all over the world, (love)
Atatrk is loved by everybody all over the world.

1. I.............................. .... ... . a piece of advice by my teacher every day. (give)
2. English... ... .... ............................ all over the world, (speak)
3. You ..................................... .... by your father every day. (punish)
4. Our children ..... .. ...
... ..................... by die doctor every month, (examine)
5. Thousands of rare birds ....................... ....
... .... by hunters every year, (kill)
6. You . ......................................... ...... to go there if you are not a Christian, (not, allow)
7. The Olympic Games ... .... ......... ..... ..... .... every four years, (play)
8. The President of Turkey .. .. .......... ......................... by Turkish people, (not, elect)
9. My shirts ....................................................... by my mother, (always, iron)
10. This medicine ................. .... ... ..... ... every four hours, (take)
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Example:
My daughter.. ......... .... ....
... ..... ... an interview by the manager now. (give)
My daughter is being given an interview by the manager now.

1. The flowers ............................... ... ..
2. The criminals ...... .... .... .. ..
... by the gardener at the moment, (water)
... ... by the detectives now. (question)
3. This case .... .................................... by Scotland Yard now. (investigate)

4. An inquiry ................ ....... ... .... into the cause of the lire, (make)
5. Research ... ... .... ...... .. ... .. .. to find a cure for cancer every day. (do)
6. My friend .. ... ..... .... .... .. ... ... by that famous surgeon next week, (operate on)
7. The big lorry ... ... ... ........................... by the customs officer at the moment, (check)
8. The exam papers ..................................... .....
by the teacher at the moment, (mark)
9. Animals ....................... ... .. .... ... for experimentation, (always, use)

10. The thieves . .. ..
... ..................... by the police car now. (follow)
162
THE PAST SIMPLE

Example : I think the Eiffel Tower.. ............................................ in 1889. (construct)
I think the Eiffel Tower was constructed in 1889.
1. The king of Nepal . ....... ...
.. ..... ..... ..... by his own son, Dipendra. (murder)
2. He.... .... .... ..... ... . ...... to prison for embezzling his client's money, (send)
3. America ............................................................ by Christopher Columbus in 1492. (discover)
4. The fire ....................................... by an electrical fault in the television yesterday, (cause)
5. The Statue of Liberty ............................ to the United States by the French government, (give)
6. The conference ............................ under the auspices of the United Nations, (hold)
7. The house ............................................. by an earthquake last night, (damage)
8. The airplane ........................................................... by the Wright Brothers, (invent)
9. The accused.. ................... to five year imprisonment by the jury, (sentence)
10. The Prime Minister..................................... by the performance of Haris Alexiou. (impress)
THE PAST CONTINUOUS

Example:
The men ... ... .......
..... .... .... very closely by the police, (watch)
The men were being watched very closely by the police.

1. The injured man died while he ..................................................... to (the) hospital, (take)
2. I saw that two hooligans ......................................................... by the police, (beat)
3. My shirts .......................................................... by my sister when I entered the room, (iron)
4. The lost sheep .............................................. by the shepherd, (look for)
5. The corpse .................. ...... by a pathologist to determine the cause of death, (examine)
6. Did you notice that old houses ...................................................... yesterday? (pull down)
7. We .......................................................... by a private detective, (follow)
8. The letters..... ..... ............... ..... ......... by the secretary when Eliza came, (write)
9. The wheels of the car ............................................... by the mechanic this morning, (change)
10. Loras car ... ........... ................................... to a garage this morning, ( hack)
163
THE FUTURE SIMPLE

Example:
The match .............................................. if it doesn't rain, (play)

The match will be played if it doesn't rain.
1. I am sure the escaped prisoners ......................................................... within ten days, (catch)

2. All the prisoners in Turkey .......................................................... next year, (release)
3. A peace treaty........... ....... ....... between the European countries in the future, (sign)
4. 4. The results of the examination ...... ... ...... .... .......... by the time we arrive, (announce)
5. The new hospital ................................................... before the end of the year, (complete)
6. I hope that one day a cure for Aids ......................................................... (find)
7. We .... ... ..... .... ..... .... .... a new song by the teacher on Friday, (teach)
8. The old radio .................................................. by the man we saw at the meeting, (repair)
9. Our troops ....................................................... by the general tomorrow, (inspect)
10. The football game ......................................... by millions of people tonight, (watch)
BE GOING TO (FUTURE FORM)
b. Example:
The letter .......................................... by the secretary tomorrow, (fax)

The letter is going to be faxed by the secretary tomorrow.
1. A comedy by Shakespeare ..................................................... by the teachers of the school, (put on)

2. The car ........................... .... .............. by the mechanic in the afternoon, (repair)
3. This orchestra ........................................................... by a girl of sixteen, (conduct)
4. I ......... ...................................... to London by the Turkish Navy, (send)
5. This play ... ......... ... ............... .. by the students next month, (perform)
6. The students . .... ........ .. .. .... ...... to the circus by the teacher tomorrow, (lake)
7. The furniture we ordered . .... ... .... ..... .... .... .. to your home next month, (deliver)
8. You .......... ..... ...... .................. very closely by the police, I think, (watch)
9. The board ......... ... ..... .. ........ .... by the student before the teacher comes, (clean)
10. The flowers ................................................. . by my father in the morning, (water)
164
THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Example:
The student............................................... to Paris for a year, (send)

The students have been sent to Paris for a year.
1. The costumes have been made but they.................... ...

2. The escaped prisoner
..
....
yet. (not, iron)
.......... .... ... .... .... ....by the police, (just, catch)
3. I ........................................ by the doctor since last month, (not, examine)

4. The living room .................................................... .. since we moved, (not, paint)
5. In most countries, capital punishment..... .... ....
... ... ....... (abolish)
6. A large area in Turkey ... ... ....... ............................... by a major earthquake, (shake)
7. A lot of new laws ............... .... .... ..... ..... by the new government this year, (make)
8. A new air conditioner.......................................................... in our office today, (install)
9. I think you ........................ .......... ... the wrong address, (give)
10. We ......... ................................................ that Oksana is going to get married soon, (tell)
THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE:
Example :
Mandy asked me if I .... ... .... .. ................... to the wedding party, (invite)
Mandy asked me if I had been invited to the wedding party
1.
I noticed that the wrecked car ................................................... yet. (not, take away)
2.
Kate was annoyed after she ..... ..... .... .... ....... ... . by the man. (cheat)
3.
Angela ....................................................... by her boss some months before we met her. (dismiss)
4.
Julia said that the new hotel........................................................ by the Prime Minister, (just, open)
5.
The jet... ....... ... ..... ... ..... ..... by the mechanic when we got to the hangar, (not, check)
6.
Most of the questions ............................................... correctly by the candidates, (answer)
7.
The man who .......................................................... by a snake was given a serum, (bite)
8.
He wondered if the murderer ... ... ... ..... .... ..... ..... by the police, (catch)
9.
All the questions ... ... ..................................before the exam began, (prepare)
10.
The letter ................................................. .by my father before you came here, (write)
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THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE:

Example:
By the time you arrive, your car ... ... ..
.... ...
, I think, (repair)
By the time you arrive, your car will have been repaired, I think.
1. All nuclear weapons . .. .. .... ...... ... .... ... within ten years, I think, (destroy)
2. We ............................................................ to the island by the end of this month, (send)
3. The answer to this question ........................................................... before they come here, (find)
4. The city .......... ... ..............................by the enemy before our soldiers arrive there, (capture)
5. Three hundred new houses ........... .................... ... by the end of next year, (build)
6. The injured man .......................................................... to hospital within half an hour, (take)
7. You
.... ..... ....... ....... ....
by the doctor before ten oclock, (examine)
8. All the chocolates ........................................................ by the children before we get there, (eat)
9. Your bicycle ........................................................... by the time we finish our homework, (repair)
10. All the questions ........................................................ before the teacher comes here, (prepare)
166

Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice".
THE PRESENT SIMPLE:
i. Active :
a. the mechanic checks the brakes every month.
ii. Passive:
b. the brakes are checked by the mechanic ever month.
1. a. The police protect the city day and night.

b________________________________________________________
2. a. My sister irons my shirts and trousers every week.
b________________________________________________________
3. a. The Prime Minister visits this hospital every year.
b________________________________________________________
4. a. Turkish people elect the Members of Parliament every five years.
b________________________________________________________
5. a. My mother usually picks up mushrooms in the early morning.
b________________________________________________________
6. a. Bank robbers generally wear slocking masks.
b________________________________________________________
7. a. The Prime Minister sets up the government in Turkey according to the present laws.
b________________________________________________________
8. a. My company sends me to London every month.
b________________________________________________________
9. a. The doctor examines the patients early in the morning.
b________________________________________________________
10. a. They obtain different products from crude oil.
b________________________________________________________
167
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Active :
a. the police car is following the criminals.
Passive:
b. the criminals are being followed by the police car.
1.a. The British Council is considering Helena for the job.

b________________________________________________________
2.a. The police are watching the terrorists very closely.
b________________________________________________________
3. a. The police are holding the thief for further questioning.
b________________________________________________________
4. a. The doctor is examining her in front of the other students.
b________________________________________________________
5. a. The students are singing our national anthem at the moment.
b________________________________________________________
6. a. The lawyers are discussing this case for the first time.
b________________________________________________________
7. a. The director is interviewing all the applicants for the post.
b________________________________________________________
8. a. The man is driving the car very carelessly
b________________________________________________________
9. a. They are installing a new air conditioner in our office today.
b________________________________________________________
10. a. The manager is always criticizing my friends.
b________________________________________________________
THE PAST SIMPLE:
Active :
a. the teacher explained the subject very well yesterday.
Passive:
b. the subject was explained very well by the teacher yesterday.
1. a. The traffic police fined my father for driving dangerously the other day
b________________________________________________________
2. a. The force of the explosion shattered all the windows last night.
b________________________________________________________
3. a. The doctor gave the wrong prescription the other day.
b________________________________________________________
4. a. The nurse sterilized the instruments before the operation.
b________________________________________________________
5. a. They confiscated Peter's passport a couple of weeks ago.
b________________________________________________________
6. a. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk founded the Turkish Republic on 23rd, April, 1923.
b________________________________________________________
7. a. The man reported the theft to the police immediately.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The Russian spies stole the plans of the atomic bomb.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. The students answered all the questions in the exam.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The lawyer defended the accused very well.
b. ________________________________________________________
168
THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

Active
a. the police were looking for the murderer.
Passive
b. the murderer was being looked for by the police.
1.a. The students were singing our national anthem when it began to rain.
b________________________________________________________
2. a. My mother was watering the flowers while we were having a rest.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. The economists were discussing a tax problem when the lights went out.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. We moved aside while the students were carrying the chairs into the room.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. My father was repairing the car when the earthquake took place.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. The firemen were putting the fire out when the police arrived.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The old woman was doing the dishes at the time of the accident.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. My father was punishing the naughty child for bad conduct.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. The teacher was taking the children to the circus when we arrived there.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. They were building a nuclear power plant next to the military zone.
b. ________________________________________________________
THE FUTURE SIMPLE
Active :
a. The Prime Minister will sign the peace treaty next week.
Passive:
b. the peace treaty will be signed by the Prime Minister next week.
1.a. The committee will announce the names of the Nobel Prize winners.
b________________________________________________________
2. a. They will complete the new bridge before the end of this year.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. We will never forget the Beatles.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The boy will throw the stone at the poor dog.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The principal will send the parcel to my father tomorrow.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. A famous surgeon will perform the operation tomorrow morning.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The President of Turkey will make an important speech about the impostors tonight.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The soldiers will defend the castle bravely
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. The people who are the ardent supporters of Fenerbahce will celebrate the victory.
169
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The military doctor will examine all the wounded soldiers in the afternoon.
b. ________________________________________________________
BE GOING TO
Active
a. the enemy submarine is going to sink the German destroyer.
Passive
b. The German destroyer is going to be sunk by the enemy submarine.
1.a. They are going to take me to hospital if I don't get over my shock.
b________________________________________________________
2. a. The woman is going to clean all the carpets in the house.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. The teacher is going to send her into the garden.
b. ________________________________________________________
4- a. The students are going to perform the play in June.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. My father is going to sell our old car next month.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. People are going to use a lot of solar energy in the near future.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. My daughter is going to memorize a lot of dialogues,
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The teacher is going to correct all the mistakes in my composition.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. My mother is going to keep this medicine out of the reach of children.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The candidates are going to answer all the questions in two hours.
b. ________________________________________________________
THE PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Active :
a. the children have taken the injured woman to hospital.
Passive :
b. the injured woman has been taken to hospital by the children.
1.a. The tourists have made a lot of complaints about the soaring prices.
b________________________________________________________
2. a. The captain of the ship has changed the course of the ship.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. Scientists have made great progress in the conquest of space.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The students have put forward many ideas to solve the problem.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The police have arrested the man who robbed the bank last week.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. The soldiers have just shot down the United States war-plane.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. They have found the missing child's bicycle in the river.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The boss has not interviewed the applicants yet.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. George has already painted the wall.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The children have already seen the film.
170
b. ________________________________________________________
THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

Active :
a. my father had written the letters before we had dinner.
Passive:
b. the letters had been written by my father before we had dinner.
1.a. My mother had brought up Diana after the death of her mother.
b________________________________________________________
2. a. People had parked their cars before the police came.
b ________________________________________________________
3. a. The police had issued a description of the wanted man before the arrest.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. The earthquake had shaken the hotel violently when we heard the news.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. The students had broken the window of the room before the exam started.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. Doctors had reported a case of small pox when the Premier made a speech.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The robbers had already robbed the bank when dawn broke.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. The blackmailer had threatened the woman before she informed the police
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. They had vaccinated us before we left Paris for London.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. They had used the room for the clandestine meetings.
b. ________________________________________________________
THE FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE
Active :
a. they will have sold the old car within two weeks.
Passive:
b. the old car will have been sold within two weeks.
1. a. The student will have written the letter by the time we come back.
b________________________________________________________
2. a. They will have decorated the Christmas tree before midnight.
b. ________________________________________________________
3. a. We will have paid the electric bill by the end of this month.
b. ________________________________________________________
4. a. You will have forgotten all your troubles by next week.
b. ________________________________________________________
5. a. They will have found a remedy for cancer within three years.
b. ________________________________________________________
6. a. They will have released all the prisoners by the time a new election is held.
b. ________________________________________________________
7. a. The teacher will have explained the lesson by noon.
b. ________________________________________________________
8. a. We will have visited all the museums before we leave Istanbul for Paris.
b. ________________________________________________________
9. a. They will have painted our house by the time we come back.
b. ________________________________________________________
10. a. The mechanic will have repaired your car by the time we have dinner.
171
b. ________________________________________________________
EXERCISE 145 THE PASSIVE (ALL TENSES)

Put the sentences into the other tenses as in the example below.
Example:
The car is repaired by the mechanic.
The Present Simple
The car is repaired by the mechanic.
The Present Continuous
The car is being repaired by the mechanic.
The Past Simple
The car was repaired by the mechanic.
The Past Continuous
The car was being repaired by the mechanic.
The Future Simple
The car will be repaired by the mechanic.
Be Going to
The car is going to be repaired by the mechanic.
The Future Continuous
The car will be being repaired by the mechanic.
The Present Perfect Simple
The car has been repaired by the mechanic.
The Past Perfect Simple
The car had been repaired by the mechanic.
The Future Perfect Simple
The car will have been repaired by the mechanic.
The Present Conditional
The car would be repaired by the mechanic.
The Perfect Conditional
The car would have been repaired by the mechanic.
I am examined by the doctor.

I am examined by the doctor.
The Prime Minister is criticized by his opponents.
The criminal are questioned by the detectives.
The naughty boy is punished by his father.
The mistakes are corrected by the teacher.
Slocking masks are worn by bank robbers.
You are watched very closely by the police.
The peace treaty is signed by the Prime Minister.
I am tortured by your difficult questions.
My mother is taken to the cinema by my brother.
172

Example:
Are you loved by your parents?

Yes, I am loved my parents.
No, I am not loved by my parents,
1. Were you examined by the doctor yesterday?

Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
2. Will your car be repaired tomorrow?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
3. Were you brought up by your grandfather?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
4. Have you ever been invited to dinner by a stranger?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
5. Is your father's car being repaired by the mechanic now?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
6. Has a new museum been opened in the city centre?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
7. Is your father paid at the end of the month?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
8. Do you want to be sent to the moon?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
9. Do you hate being treated like a child?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
10. Is football liked by everybody in Turkey?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
11. Have all the mistakes been corrected by the teacher so far?
Yes,...................................................................................................
No,............................................................................................... .....
173

Answer the following questions using the words in bracket. Give the answers in the "Passive Voice".
Example:
A: Who wrote Hamlet? (William Shakespeare)

B: Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare.
A: Who composed the Magic Flute? (W.A. Mozart)

B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who played James Bond in 'Gold Finger'? (Sean Connery)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who wrote ' War and Peace'? (Leo Tolstoy)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who invented the character of Sherlock Holmes? (Canon Doyle)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who invented the radio? (Marconi)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who sang 'Heartbreak Hotel'? (Elvis Presley)
B:________________________________________________________
A: Who discovered America? (Christopher Columbus)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who painted the Mona Lisa? (Leonardo Da Vinci)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who built the Selimiye Mosque? (Mimar Sinan)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who invented the telephone? (Alexander Bell)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who discovered Penicillin? (Dr. Alexander Fleming)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: What overturned the little boat? (A huge wave)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who showed the new An. Gallery to the tourists? (Our Tourist Guide)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who sent the first man into space? (The Russians)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who cleaned the board in your classroom? (The English teacher)
B: ________________________________________________________
A: Who makes the best tea in the world? (The English)
B: ________________________________________________________
174
EXERCISE 148 THE PASSIVE (ASKING FOR INFORMATION)

Example:
A: Who was taken to (the) hospital last night?

B: My grandfather was taken to (the) hospital last night.
A: _________________________________________
B: The match will be cancelled by the referee.
A: _________________________________________
B: Two children were killed by the mob the other day.
A: _________________________________________
B: The mechanic was repairing my uncle's car at the service station.
A: _________________________________________
B: The air conditioner must be repaired by the mechanic.
A: _________________________________________
B: A shower must be taken before entering the pool.
A: _________________________________________
B: John has been called a liar by the mayor.
A: _________________________________________
B: Smith has been arrested three times before.
A: _________________________________________
B: The students were sent to London on Monday.
A: _________________________________________
B: The car was damaged by the explosion yesterday.
A: _________________________________________
B: The tourists were being questioned by the police at the police station.
A: _________________________________________
B: A young man has been put in prison because he has committed a crime.
A: _________________________________________
B: The hell has been rung three times.
A: _________________________________________
B: Smokers are often treated unfairly.
A: _________________________________________
B: Works of art are kept in the museums.
A: _________________________________________
B: Babies are named after they are born.
A: _________________________________________
B: The house was destroyed by fire. 17.
A: _________________________________________
B: Coca-cola is liked all over the world.
175
EXERCISE 149 THE PASSIVE (UNIMPORTANT SUBJECT)

Put the following sentences into the "Passive Voice" without using the "Agent".
Example:
Active
Someone has left this book on the floor.
Passive
This book has been left on the floor.
1. People play football in most countries of the world.

2. Someone has stolen my car.
3. Somebody pushed me into the river yesterday.
4. People speak Arabic in some countries.
5. They were pulling down all the houses in the district.
6. We insist on punctuality in this office.
7. We have settled this matter by peaceful means.
8. Somebody has written the main points on the board.
9. Nobody has looked at that book for years.
10. People are using computers in all kinds of work.
11. You cannot do anything about these people.
12. They obtain protein from a variety of foods.
13. They do not allow you more than three books.
14. Nobody has heard of Mary since she went to live in Madrid.
15. They have put off their wedding for six months.
16. Nobody has invited the doctor to the garden party.
17. Someone is taking care of this mailer now.
176
EXERCISE 150 THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS)

Example:
Active : The doctor sent Matilda a lovely present.

Passive:
Matilda was sent a lovely present by the doctor.

A lovely present was sent (to) Matilda by the doctor.
1.The teacher asked Rose a difficult question.

Rose... .. ... ............................................. . ... ..................................
A difficult question...........................................................................
2. Carmen taught Tom the meaning of love.
To..................................................................................................
The meaning of love........ .... ... ... ............................ .. .... ... ..............
3. Seluk bought Olga a white horse.
Olga................................................................................................
A while horse... ..................................... ............................... .. .. .....
4. Susan will write George a love letter.
George. .................................. ... ............................... ... ..................
A love teller ........................................... ............................... .. .........
5. The new teacher has given us our exam papers.
We.. .... . ... ........................... ... .. ........................ .........................
Our exam papers..... ..................................... .. .............................
6. The rich man left Belinda a large fortune.
Belinda....... . ..................................... .. .................................
A large fortune.......................... .. .. ............................. .. . ....
7. The professor was explaining the students the origin of the universe.
The students... .................................... ................................
The origin of the universe ................... .. ......................................
8. Linda is showing the man the picture of the blue whale.
The man....................... .. ... .. ... ... ........................... ... .... ...........
The picture of the blue whale...........................................................
9. Carol tells the students the answer to the question.
The students.....................................................................................
The answer to the question..................................................................
10. The farmer had offered Julia a glass of milk.
Julia................................................................................................
A glass of milk ..............................................................................
11. My father read the girls the life of Atatrk.
The girls... ..... ................................ ... ....................................... ....
The life of Atatrk.............................................................................
177
EXERCISE 151 THE PASSIVE (VERBS TAKING TWO OBJECTS)

Example:
Active
The man gave the book to the teacher.
Passive:
The teacher was given the book by the man.
The hook was given (to) the teacher by the man.

1.The judges have given the first prize to the gardener.
a. The gardener. ..................................... .. .......... . .................. ..... ...... .. ...
b. The first prize.. ... ... .. .. ...... ............... .. .. ..... ... .. .. .. ..................
.. .. ..
2.Susan wrote a letter of complaints to the Prime Minister last week.
a. The Prime Minister.. ... ... .... ... ... ... ....... .. .... .
........ ................................
b. A letter of complaints.. ... ... . .... ... ... .. ... ... . .. .... .... .... .. ... .... ... ....
3.The man brought a lot of flowers for all the ladies.
a. All the ladies ........................................................................... ..... ....... ..... ..............
b. A lot of flowers .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .... ... .. .. ... .... ... .. ... .. ....
4.Tom is choosing a present for the beautiful girl in the corner.
a. The beautiful girl in the corner ................... .................. ..... .......... . ..
b. A present .........................................................................................................
5.The artist is sending the picture to a rich American film star.
a. A rich American film star............ .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... ... ... ......... ..... ..
b. The picture............................................................................................... ............ ...................
6.The dog brought the ball to the lady standing over there.
a. The lady standing over there ... ... .. ... ... ..... .... .. .. .. ... .... .... ... .. .. .....
b. The ball........ ...................................................... ....................... ................ ..... ..... .
7.My mother has saved some sweets for the other children.
a. The other children................. ................. .... .. .. ...... .. .. ... .. .. . .. ..
b. Some sweets... . ..... .... ... ............................................. ..................... ......
8.Mrs. Brown is making a dress for the woman living on the top floor.
a. The woman living on the top floor. ... ... ... ... .... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
b. A dress ... .. .... ......... .... ... .. ... ... ... ... ......... . . .......... .. ........... ... . ................
9.The president promised a prize to anyone who could answer all the questions,
a. Anyone who could answer all the questions. .. ... ...... .... ..... .... ... .. .. ... ...
b. A prize............................................................................................................................ ..............
10.The boss offered the job to a young girl of seventeen.
a. A young girl of seventeen ... .. .. ... ..... .... .... .. .... ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .... ....
b. The job.. .... ... ... .... ... ... .. .. .... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ..... .... ...... ......
11.Angela showed the new born baby to the visitors.
a. The visitors .... ........... ... .... .. .. .... .... ... ..... ... ... .... .... ..... ... .. ... ..... ... ..
b. The new born baby.............. .... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... . ... ............. ........
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EXERCISE 152 THE PASSIVE (MIXED TENSES)

Complete the sentences with the correct Passive forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example:
Slavery ...................... in England in the 19th century, (abolish)

Slavery was abolished in England in the 19th century.
1. My father .................................... .... ........ a gold watch when he retired, (give)

2. A fire broke out in the building; luckily everybody. .............................. .. ... . (evacuate)
3. You ........................... .... ... ........... out by the teacher if you go on talking like that, (send)
4. The house ...................................................
by Rose by the time we got there, (already, clean)
5. The woman who lived next door.................... .................................. last week, (arrest)
6. The villa ........................................................ by public auction in two weeks' time, (sell)
7. My car ....... .. .................................. by the mechanic at the moment, (repair)
8. I wish I......................................................... how to use a computer when I was at school, (teach)
9. The building .......................................... ten minutes before the explosion took place, (evacuate)
10. As they........................................ by the tragedy, they didn't know what to say. (shock)
11. The singer ..................................... ............ some flowers after the concert the other day. (send)
12. His house burned down and according to the inspector the fire ......................by lightning, (cause)
13. Last week I.. .... .. ................................ a job at a local bank but I didn't accept it. (offer)
14. In my country, prices
... ....................................... by the government, (control)
15. When you arrive at the airport, you ............................... ................... by a friend of mine, (meet)
16. Sun tan cream can prevent your skin from.......by the harmful effects of the sun's rays.(damage)
17. I don't mind............................. but I do when such dreadful insults are used, (insult)
18. When Mount Vesuvius in Italy blew up, the people and animals in the town of Pompeii..
under a thick layer of ash. (bury)
19. I am not sure if Smith .. ............................ to be a trusty witness by the court tomorrow, (consider)
20. John ........... ... ................................ to Buddhism by a Chinese priest last week, (convert)
21. I put all my money in a bank because I was afraid of .....................................,... ... (burgle)
22. The old man was not satisfied with what the students .............................. .... ........... (teach)
23. The first conference on waste disposal..........
..
.............................. in Istanbul today, (hold)
24. He was very happy because he .................................. .................. a better job in London, (offer)
25. Champagne............................. first.............................. in the seventeenth century. (make)
26. The search was abandoned when night came even though the child of the woman ...............(not, find)
27. She was the first woman who ......................... ...... .................. to Parliament, (elect)
28. By the time Einstein was thirty years old, his most important theories.................................... (publish)
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29. His trousers were too long and had to ................................ ............... (shorten)
30. Honest politicians cannot ...... ... ..................................... easily nowadays, (find)
31. I want this door .....
....
.. ........... at night. (lock)
32. It cannot..... .. ........ ... . ...... that smoking is dangerous to health, (deny)
33. We strongly believe that our rights
..... ......
.......... ..
34. Look at those dirty walls! They must ......... ... ........... ..
by law. (protect)
... as soon as possible, (paint)
35. The government .... ..... . ... .. .......... .... by a vote of no confidence yesterday, (bring down)
36. The President wants this law ................. ...
.........
37. He hired a car while his own car
..... . ..........by the mechanic, (repair)
.. .........
by the Parliament, (reconsider)
38. I want to watch her while she ..... ........ ... ....... .... .. . by the surgeon, (operate on)
39. Before the sun rose, breakfast... ... ......... .... .... ..... by my mother, (prepare)
40. His car got lost last week, and it..... ... ................... .. ......yet. (not, find)
41. If I .........
............. .. ........... I will go to the wedding party (invite)
42. The garden ... ........
.. ....... .. .. three times this week, (water)
43. A lot of wells ................. ... ............... by the time we come back to Turkey, (open)
44. When I arrived at the scene of the accident, the road ...... ... .. ............. .. for traffic, (already, open)
45. There is no room in the garden for a swimming pool. . ...............
................ (build)
46. I was there while his injury ...... ..... ......... .....
.........by a nurse, (bandage)
47. If you obeyed the traffic rules, you .. ............ ...
........... ..... . (not, fine)
48. I wish my car .......... ............. .. ............ last year, (not, sell)
49. The wounded man said that he didn't see by whom he . ................... .. ........ . .(shoot)
50. We all stood up while our national anthem ....... .... ............ .... ........ (sing)
51. The Japanese discovered that many of their warships ................... by the United States submarines, (sink)
52. The man has died today because he ...... .... ........... ... ........... by a snake yesterday, (bite)
53. The door .......... .... ............... .. ..... blue now. (paint)
54. Everything must... .. .................... ............... according to the present laws, (do)
55. Insane people ............ ... ................... . in special hospitals, (treat)
56. Radiation ....... .... ............... .............. to treat cancer nowadays, (widely, use)
57. Jim went home as soon as the work ..... ............ .... ........ .... by the workers, (finish)
58. The damage to the eyes had been recorded by the specialist technicians by the time the test
............................ (complete)
59. An important speech
............... .... .......,. .. by The Premier tomorrow, (deliver)
60. Life ................... ............... ... to have begun first in the seas, (say)
61. The bad news .................................... throughout the building by loudspeaker when we got there, (relay)
62. The lady ............................. ......... her handbag while she was walking in the street, (rob of)
63. It ............... ................................. that Rome is a marvellous city, (say)
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64. That old school building ... ................ .... .............. by the end of this month, (demolish)
65. All the escaped prisoners ............ ... ............ .... .. . by the police before it gets dark, (catch)
EXERCISE 153 : ACTIVE - PASSIVE

Complete the following sentences with the correct "Active" or "Passive Forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example:
The search............................. when it........ ... ...
.. dark, (abandon / get)
The search was abandoned when it got dark,

1. Caesar ........................................................... to death by his best friend, Brutus, in Rome, (stab)
2. While I....................................................... at the window, I saw the accident, (sit)
3. The film which ... .. ..... ... .......... ............ on TV at the moment is very boring, (show)
4. The thief who ... .... ...................................... the woman last week has not been caught yet. (kill)
5. What is the name of the boy whose bicycle ........ ....................................... last night? (steal)
6. Many lives would have been lost if penicillin ........................................ ... ..... (not, discover)
7. While the thief........................................................... by the police, he jumped over the fence, (chase)
8. The curtains haven't been washed since they ................................................ last year, (put up)
9. They ............................................. the winner with a silver cup yesterday, (present)
10. They always make a noise whenever I ........................................... ... to do my homework, (try)
11. I by my father if I don't do my homework, (always, beat)
12. She .......:................................................ a terrible headache last night, (have)
13. These houses ............... ............................. between 1980 and 1990. (build)
14. I am not accustomed to ................................. ..... ...... . in that way. (treat)
15. The Berlin wall................................ .... ........ in 1990-(knock down)
16. The train ........................................... .... .. for two hours last night because of the snow, (hold up)
17. While he ......................... .................... in France, he was killed by a Russian spy. (fight)
18. The frog turned into a prince when it.............................................. ..... (kiss)
19. We ......................... .................... a rest while the car is being repaired by the mechanic, (have)
20. After he ...................... .... .. .... .......... from the company, he opened up a supermarket, (sack)
21. This method ........................................................ to cure the patients who are mentally ill. (use)
22. The situation is getting worse, something.......................................................... at once, (must, do)
23. The rules of the game ........................................ when I entered the playground, (already, explain)
24. Helen ............................................................ the flowers to the teacher yesterday, (send)
25. Rose and Tom .............................. ... .... ...
by the captain of the ship the other day. (marry)
26. David ...................................... .... ........ in hospital ever since the accident happened, (be)
27. The man who was bitten by a snake ........................................ ....
..... to hospital tomorrow, (take)
28. After the letter ........................................ ..... ..... , he went for a walk an hour ago. (write)
29. Football .... .... ..... .... .... .... .......... in many countries, (play)
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30. The bank ..... ............................................... many times since this economic crisis began, (rob)
31. The Tower of London .......................................................... as a prison many years ago. (use)
32. My brother ............................................................ French since he came to Istanbul, (study)
33. You are not allowed to smoke until the plane .............................................. (land)
34. Since I phoned you this morning, I.
35. The car looked as if it ... .. . ..
.....
.... ..... ... my clothes yet. (not, change)
... ..
..
for months, (not, clean)
36. We could call him if we ... .. .. ... .... .. ...

37. In many parts of the world trees and lakes
his telephone number, (know)
...
..
..
... .....
38. We didn't know the reason why he ... ... .... ... ....
..
.. us. (leave)
39. If students don't pay attention, nothing ..
. by acid rain, (destroy)
.. .... ... ... ... by them, (can, learn)
40. While the tank .. ... .. .. . .. .. .., I was having a chat with Helen, (fill)
41. People ... ..
.. ..
.. ... ... French in many parts of Europe. (speak)
42. After their mother died, the two daughters .
... ... .... ..
.. by their aunt, (bring up)
43. The chair had to be thrown away because Us springs .. ............................... .......... (break down)
44. You ... .... .. ..... .. ..... .. ...by the police until you tell the truth, (question)
45. More than one language ......................................... m Switzerland, (speak)
46. The atomic bomb ... .. ...
.. ... ..
.. in the Atlantic Ocean at the moment, (test)
47. The author doesn't mind . .. ... ... ..... .... ..
by his friends, (criticize)
48. When I was offered this job, I ........ .............. ........... it immediately, (accept)
49. In the end, it .. ... .. ... .. .. ..
.. that Joe was the thief, (discover)
50. The weather .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ... terrible yesterday, so all the flights were cancelled, (be)
51. Up to now, nothing ................. .... ..... .. .... from the lost pilots, (hear)
52. The last ticket had been, sold just before we .......
..
..
..
.... ..... the box office, (get to)
53. This cat ... ..... ... .... ... ... .... .. food twice a day. (must, give)
54. The prize money ...... .. ... .. .... ... equally between the two winners yesterday, (share)
55. The judge was taken it just after trial ... ........... ..................... . (begin)
56. Trams .. ...... .... ... ... .. .. in several European countries, (still, use)
57. I am sure you .................................................... .. very well in the exam last week, (do)
58. This house ... .. ... .. .. ........ .. for ten years, (not, paint)
59. My cousin was evicted from his flat because he .
..
............... .. the rent, (not, pay)
60. The sheep ...... . ..... ....... ...... .. to the market by the shepherd tomorrow, (take)
61. The doctor ... ............................ ......... the patient the wrong prescription yesterday (give)
62. While our house ... .. ... ... ... .... ... , we stayed in a tent, (repair)
63. When he was threatened by the blackmailer, he .. ... .... .... .... ...
64. My sister wants her son ..
the police, (inform)
. .............................. to the United States, (send)
65. We ...... ... ... ... .... .. .... that the fire had been started by a cigarette, (think)
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66. They said that the riot. .... ..... ... .... ... ...
... by the anarchists, (start)
67. If you .... ... .. ..
.. .. .. . drugs, you are put in jail, (smuggle)
68. We .........................
.... ... .... to discuss political matters at school, (forbid)
EXERCISE 154 : THE PASSIVE (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)

Change the following sentences into the "Second" and "Third" conditionals.
Example:
a. If I am found guilty, I will be sent to prison.

b. If I were found guilty, I would be sent to prison.
c. If I had been found guilty, I would have been sent to prison.
1.a. If the painting is bought, it will be hung in the gallery.

B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. a.He will be tried in court if he is arrested.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. a. If the German team is beaten, the Turkish footballers will be rewarded.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. a.
Where will you work if you are appointed manager?
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. a. If you do not study hard, you will be punished by your teacher.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. a. If it does not rain, a lot of crops will be lost.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. a. I will be frightened by the horror film if you do not stay at home.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. a.
If the soldiers are examined by the doctor, they will be sent to the front.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. a. If the children are taken to the zoo, they will enjoy themselves.
B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. a. If you do not lock the car, it will be stolen by the car thieves.
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B--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------C---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Example:
Active
The doctor must examine the child before it is too late.
Passive
The child must be examined by the doctor before it is too late.
1. The students have to answer all the questions properly

2. We had better summon a doctor right away.
3. The Turkish workers ought to construct the suspension bridge.
4. My mother may look after your baby if you give her some money
5. The teachers must check these books very carefully
6. All the guests must vacate their rooms by twelve oclock tomorrow.
7. We need to fix the date of the next meeting.
8. You had better iron your father's shirts in the evening.
9. The referee has to cancel the match because of the bad weather.
10. The police had to stop our car because we were going too fast.
11. The teacher used to explain the lesson every morning.
12. They had to exhibit the new machine at the Agricultural Fair.
13. The students may discuss these subjects at the meeting tomorrow.
14. They can only prevent smuggling by means of international laws.
15. All drivers should obey the new traffic laws.
16. You ought to take the money to the police station at once.
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Change the following sentences into the "Passive Voice", using the "Perfect Passive" structures below.
MUST
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
CAN'T
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
COULD
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
MAY
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
MIGHT
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
SHOULD
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
OUGHT TO
HAVE BEEN +
PAST PARTICIPLE
Example: Active
The student must have taken the book.
Passive
The book must have been taken by the student.
Active
The student can't have taken the book.
Passive
The book cant have been taken by the student.
1. A fish must have swallowed the gold ring.

2. They must have built this house when I was born.
3. They should have rewarded the soldier for his bravery.
4. The police might have arrested the man if we had not told him the truth.
5. The teacher may have corrected the mistakes by mistake.
6. The girl could have sold all the flowers if it had not rained so heavily.
7. They should have sent the application form last week.
8. The referee ought to have warned the player for his bad conduct.
9. They might have beaten the Romans if they had invented the plane.
10. The workers could have finished the work if they had not played backgammon.
11. The students might have answered all the questions if they had been careful.
12. The doctor can't have written this prescription because he was not in Turkey.
185
EXERCISE 157 : HE PASSIVE GERUND

Put the verbs in brackets into the "Passive Gerund" forms using the following structure.
TO TREAT
ACTIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE
TO BE TREATED :
PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE
BEING TREATED :
PASSIVE GERUND
Example:
I dont like ........ .. .. ... ... .... ......... like a child, (treat)
I don't like being treated like a child.
1. I don't like my son .. ..
.. ...............
..
like a child, (treat)
2. I dont like, my son being treated like a child.

3. I don't like animals ................... ....... ... ..... .... in captivity, (keep)
4. I cant stand .......................... .. ... .. ....by a girl, (beat)
5. I saw the convict... ... ........ ... ..
............ by the police, (take away)
6. My father doesn't like.. ... .. ... .... ..... ............ waiting, (keep)
7. My children enjoy ... .. ................................... ..by their teachers, (praise)
8. I don't remember .. ................................. ... to the wedding party, (invite)
9. Hilda dislikes ...... ..... ... ......... .. .... .by her students while she is teaching, (interrupt)
10. My brother hates
... ................................. .. fun of by his friends, (make)
11. Instead of .......................................... .. to prison, the shoplifter was set free, (send)
12. I can't endure ...... .... ... .. ... ..... ... .. by the smugglers, (swindle)
13. Melissa loves....... .... .. .... .. .... ......... by her boyfriends, (take out)
14. I object to the car ... .. .. .... .................. ... on the pavement. (leave)
15. I saw many houses .................................... ... . in our area when I was there. (build)
16. When I saw the horse ... ... ..................................... cruelly, I felt angry, (beat)
17. I was disappointed in...................................... like a child, (treat)
18. I was angry at....... .... .. .. ... ... ............ by the children when I was on holiday (disturb)
19. The man is conscious of ..................................
..
by the police day and night, (watch)
20. These books should be thrown away after ... .... ........... ................... .(read)
21. The other day Rose narrowly escaped................................................ (run over)
22. She misses.... .. ......................... ... .... by her friends in the evenings, (visit)
23. I was frightened of.. .. .. .... ....................... alone in the house at nights, (leave)
24. I avoided.... ... ......... ......................... by the traffic police yesterday, (fine)
25. If you kill a human being, you cannot escape........... .... ..... ............. (punish)
26. Are you afraid of ........................ ... .... ..... ... ? (hurt)
186
27. My friend resents ................... ... ............ taking the money from the safe, (accuse of)
28. The eggs should be boiled or fried before ...... .... ... ......................... (eat)
29. I saw the man. ... .. ........................... .. by the police, (arrest)
EXERCISE 158 THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE)
Put the verbs in brackets into the "Passive Present Infinitive".
TO KISS
TO BE KISSED
Example :
:
:
ACTIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE

PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIV
I want. ... ..... .... ...................... my mother every morning, (kiss)

I want to kiss my mother every morning.
I want....... .. ... ................... by my mother every morning, (kiss)
I want to be kissed by my mother every morning.
A: What does the old woman wish?

B: The old woman wishes .... ..................................... in this cemetery. (bury)
A: What does the patient want?
B: The patient wants .... .... .............................. by this doctor, (examine)
A: What is the matter?
B: There are several letters ............................................. by Friday, (answer)
A: What do you want?
B: I want.................................. .... early tomorrow morning, (wake up)
A: What does that woman want?
B: That woman wants ............................... ....
... by everybody. (love)
A: What is your father hoping?

B: My father is hoping ............... .... .... ............ a member of this party, (elect)
A: What is she expecting?
B: She is expecting.... ........................................ for what she has done, (reward)
A: What are you so worried about?
B: The roof of my house needs . .......................................... immediately, (repair)
A: What will happen tomorrow?
B: The hospital is going.... .... .................................. by the Prime Minister tomorrow (visit)
A: Why is your son so nervous?
B: He is waiting .............. .... .... ... ....... the interview. (call for)
A: Are you busy today?
B: Yes, there is a lot of work......... ...... ......................... today, (do)
A: Why are you so sad?
B: I am very sad; I don't want........................................ as an invalid any longer, (treat)
A: What do you think about these customs and laws?
B: We want these laws ......... ... .................... as soon as possible . (abolish)
187
A: When shall I send this application form to the office?

B: The application form has ................................ ...... .. to the office by Friday, (send)
EXERCISE 159 : THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE)

Put the "verbs" in brackets into the "Passive Present Infinitive".
Example :
I want these letters .
... ...... ..... .
.in English, (write)
I want these letters to be written in English.

1. The captain ordered the ship . ... . ............... ...
immediately, (abandon)
2. I would like this car. .. ........................... to the garage, (take)

3. The woman wanted her children .
.. ... . ..... ....
4. The officer ordered the Hag ... ... ...
Tree, (set)
.......... right away, (hoist up)
5. We expect great changes .. .. ... ........... . this year, (make)

6. We were waling for the shops ............... ... ... ... at nine oclock, (open)
7. I ordered the fugitive ... ... ... .. . ....... by the guardians, (punish)
8. They wanted the piano .. .. .... .. ............ by John at the party, (play)
9. My mother wants the carpets . ......................
10. The patient didn't want his illness ... ... .... ...
11. The teacher wanted the letters .... ..
.... by the man. (beat)

..... (cure of)
.... ........... . into Spanish, (translate)
12. I am expecting my son .. .. .. .... ... ........ to London, (send)

13. I will order him . .. ..
..................... if he does that again, (beat)
14. Do you want the child .. .......................... , ... by the doctor now? (examine)
15. She doesn't allow her picture ... ..
16. Monica ordered the car
.. ..... ........ in the art gallery, (exhibit)
.. .. .... ..
17. We don't want animals .....
. .. by the driver, (fetch)
... ... ... ..... .. in cages, (keep)
18. Do you want German and French .... ..........

19. Don't you want your children .........
..
..
.. ...
..
at this school? (teach)
.. by your maid? (kiss)
20. We wish Atatrk.. .. ..................... ....... by everybody all over the world, (respect)
21. I want these subjects ............... . ..
.. .. by the teacher once again, (explain)
22. Did you expect political matters ... ... ... .............. by the students? (discuss)
23. Did they want the criminal ... .. .... .. ...... .. at dawn? (hang)
24. Did you want the flowers ... ..
.................. .. by the gardener yesterday? (water)
25. Do you want the doors of the palace ... ... ..... ..... ...... at night? (lock)
26. Did they want the portrait of Atatrk ..
..
.. .... .......... on the wall? (hang)
27. We desire our national anthem .. .... ......... ...... ..... every Friday, (sing)
28. Who has wanted the questions ..
........................ .. by the teacher? (answer)
29. Do you want these slocking masks ... .... ... ................. by the robbers? (wear)
188
30. The government wants big industries . .... ............................... with greater efficiency (nm)
31. Do you want your bad tooth ........
.. ... ...
by the dentist? (pull out)
32. I want this poem .... ........................... by my students, (memorize)

EXERCISE 160 :THE PASSIVE (PASSIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE)
Change the following sentences into the "Passive" using a "Passive Present Infinitive".
Example:
Active :
I want the student to close the door at once.
Passive :
I want the door to be closed by the student at once.
1. I expect you to discuss the problem at the meeting.

2. My father wants me to open the wine before the meal.
3. He ordered the students not to clean the board.
4. The man wished me to do all the exercises in the first chapter.
5. The man didn't allow me to examine the child.
6. The teacher wants the students to write the sentences on the board.
7. My father wants me to lock the door at night.
8. I want the gardener to water the flowers every morning.
9. I wanted the servant to hang the picture on the wall.
10. I don't want the students to sing our national anthem at the end of the performance.
11. Alice doesn't want the policeman to take her son to the police station.
12. Maria doesn't allow us to take her picture.
13. Sharon ordered the boys not to throw pieces of paper onto the floor.
14. The President wants the Members of Parliament to discuss this issue once again.
15. My father wants the mechanic to repair his car as soon as possible.
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Example:
Active :
Mary looked after the baby yesterday.
Passive :
The baby was looked after by Mary yesterday.
1. We keep the glasses in this cupboard.

2. They do not allow you to play in the garden.
3. People rumour that the coalition is in trouble.
4. Angela delayed opening the letter.
5. They say that inflation is getting worse and worse.
6. We had to put off our visit to the palace because of the weather.
7. People rumour that your son had fallen in love with Calculi.
8. The teacher could finish the book if she had more time.
9. They report that the river has risen five meters.
10. They didn't use to take the children to the cinema.
11. The tourists are visiting the historical places.
12. People rumour that the thief has gone to Spain.
13. He confessed stealing the jewels from the safe.
14. The firemen departed alter they had extinguished the fire.
15. They believe that they are on a sightseeing trip.
16. I made Tom write the letter.
17. They saw him getting into a car with a woman.
190

Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a "Full Infinitive" where necessary.
Example:
Active :
People believe that the Earth is round.
Passive :
It is believed that the Earth is round.

The Earth is believed to be round.
1.People believe that Atatrk is the greatest leader of all times.

a.................................................................................................. ... ..............................
b...................................................................................................................... ........
2. They think that Sally acts foolishly at the meetings.
a.................................................................................................. ... ..............................
b......................................................................................................................
3. They think that Melissa speaks English with an American accent.
a.................................................................................................. ... ..............................
b......................................................................................................................
4. They say that the car is in good condition.
a.................... ......................................................................................................
b...................................................................................... ............................... ....
5. People believe that the leader of the Ruling Party lives in luxury.
a.................................................. .... ......................... ..... .........................
b. ................................................................................
6. They think that this dog is very intelligent.
a.............................................................. .............................. ............................
b. ....................................................................................................................
7. They say that Rose knows some very influential people in Turkey.
a................. ...........................................................................................................
b................................................ ................................. ................................
8. They believe that the Queen is one of the richest people in the world.
a....................................................................... .................................
b.........................................................................................................................
9. Most people claim that Istanbul is the most beautiful city in the world.
a.............. ............................................. ..... ..................
b.............................................................................. .............................. .....................
10. People think that the weather is predicted by watching animals.
a............... ................................. ............................... .............................. ..........................
b. ...................... .... ................................................................... ...................................
191

Put the following "complex sentences" into the ''Passive Voice'1 using a "Full Infinitive" where necessary as
in the example below.
Active : People expect that the three parties will form a coalition.
Passive :
It is expected that the three parties will form a coalition.

The tree parties are expected to form a coalition.
1.They think that Prime Minister will go to the United States next month.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. People expect that the economic situation in Turkey will improve very soon.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People expect that the weather will be warmer this month.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. People claim that major changes will take place in Turkey in the near future.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They expect that their representatives will defend the rights of Turkish people.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. People say that the President will be at the Naval Academy next week.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. People think that the Opposition Party will win the election.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. People expect that pollution will increase in the near future.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. They predict that the storms will reach the city tomorrow.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Scientists believe that the level of the sea will rise considerably.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
192

Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a "Present Infinitive Continuous" as in
the example below.
Active :
They think that Sharon Stone is living in luxury.
Passive :
It is thought that Sharon Stone is living in luxury.

Sharon Stone is thought to be living in luxury.
1.They say that the Princes is staying incognito at the Hilton hotel.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. People consider that crime rate is increasing in Turkey because of unemployment.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People rumour that the escaped prisoner is hiding in the jungle.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. They report that the space craft is approaching Saturn.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They believe that the universe is expanding all the time.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. People think that the terrorists are living in the mountains.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. They say that researchers are developing better methods.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. People rumour that the ship is carrying gold bars to Libya.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. People believe that this woman is working as a spy against Turkey.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. They firmly believe that Turkish people are following the footsteps of Atatrk.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
193

Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a "Perfect Infinitive" as in the
examples below.
Active :
They think that Olga acted foolishly at the party last night.
Passive :
a. It is thought that Olga acted foolishly at the party last night.

b. Olga is thought to have acted foolishly at the party last night.
Active :
They said that the man had killed the poet in self-defence.
Passive :
a. It was said that the man had killed the poet in self-defence.
b. The man was said to have killed the poet in self-defence.
1.They thought that Laura had lived in Norway.

a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. They believe that the ship sank a long time ago.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. People say that our postman has won a lot of money in gambling.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. They fear that many lives have been lost in the train crash.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. They believed that Marjorie was innocent.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. They believed that The President of the United States had been assassinated.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. The police said that the American spy checked in at a luxury hotel in Ankara.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. They told me that Diana had left the town.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. People thought that a strange animal lived in this cave.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Many people think that the Viking sailed to Canada.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. The radio reported that the strike was a success.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. They found that the riot had been started by the anarchists.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------194
13. They think that the man has been killed in an air crash.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. People thought that the President was ill.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. They said that the country was on the verge of civil war.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16.People believe that the brave girl led the French army to free the city of Orleans.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17.They reported that demonstrators were taken away by the police.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18.They say that the poor man was evicted from his flat for not paying the rent.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19.They believe that the President has visited all the countries in the world.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20.They claim that the political meetings have been broken up by the police.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
195

Put the following "complex sentences" into the "Passive Voice" using a 'Perfect Infinitive Continuous" as in
the examples below.
Active :
They say that Lisa was living in Paris.
Passive :
a. It is said that Lisa was living in Paris.

b. Lisa is said (o have been living in Paris.
Active :
They say that Lisa has been living in Paris.
Passive :
a. It is said that Lisa has been living in Paris.

b. Lisa is said to have been living in Paris.
1.They think that the ship was sailing towards the North Pole.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. They believe that the captain was spending his money on unimportant things.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. They report that the spacecraft was getting in touch with the satellite in space.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. They believed that the population of Istanbul was increasing.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. People thought that Richard was living in the mountains.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. They say that Helen has been working on this project for a long time.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. They claim that the driver was listening to his Walkman at the time of the accident.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. The radio said that the volcano was erupting on the island.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. They said that Sandra was making a living as an English teacher.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
196

Change the following sentences into the "Active Voice".
Example :
Active
: The policeman is following me.
Passive
: I am being followed by the policeman.
1. I was punished by the teacher yesterday.

2. The answer must be written in ink.
3. The flowers were being watered by the gardener at seven oclock.
4. The old radio will be repaired by my father tomorrow
5. It is believed that the fire had been caused by a cigarette butt.
6. Has the city been defended by the brave women?
7. Is the library cleaned by that woman every day?
8. All the carpets were being cleaned by the servant.
9. The cow will be milked by the woman before the sun rises.
10. This problem cannot be solved easily by the students.
11. An exam may be given by our history teacher tomorrow.
12. Is the contract going to be signed by the manager tomorrow?
13. An effective law against terrorism has been passed by the Parliament.
14. The teacher is going to be invited to the wedding by my father.
15. The books had been borrowed from the library by Jennifer.
16. The patient was given the wrong prescription by the doctor.
17. The victim is believed to have been poisoned by the soldiers.
197
EXERCISE 169: GERUNDS/INFINITIVES (1)

Complete the following sentences with the "Gerund" or "Full Infinitive" forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example :
In winter months, I really miss . ..
.. ... ..... in the sun. (lie)
In winter months, I really miss lying in the sun. (gerund)

We are expecting. .... ........................ abroad this summer, (go)
We are expecting to go abroad this summer, (full infinitive)
1. I don't like.................................. alone in the house at night, (be)
2. We aired the room by ............................... ... the windows, (open)
3. Do you remember............... .. .......... to the seaside when you were young? (go)
4. I would like .... .... ... ............ you on behalf of all the staff, (thank)
5. Rana forgot. ................................. the lights when she went to bed. (turn off)
6. When I go shopping, I must remember
.............................. some bread, (buy)
7. If you haven't got too much luggage, I suggest.......... ... ....
.. the underground, (take)
8. It was very careless of you ...... .... ... ........ that coffee cup. (break)
9. I am considering ................... ......... my cousins in Mersin next summer, (visit)
10. I recommend you .... ....................... the time wisely, (use)
11. When I go on holiday, I like ..... ................... plenty of exercise, (take)
12. I didn't finish ........... ... ..... .... the room because I didn't like the colour, (paint)
13. The citizens are waiting for the Pied Piper ...... ... ...
..... their children back, (bring)
14. I told a white lie to avoid ... ............................... my wife's feelings, (hurt)
15. I don't usually like .... ... ............. early, but I like ................ when I am on holiday, (get up/get up)
16. I can't help ... ........ ............... him when I see him. (laugh at)
17. I regret.... .. ................ you that we are not in a position to explain it. (inform)
18. Why don't you find something to do, like
...................... .... the car? (clean)
19. .......................... .. a degree enables you ........................
... a better job. (have/get)
20. These children need ...... ....................... (look after)

21. I am fed up with.... .... ..................... this film on the television, (watch)
22. Brenda is very good at................................... phone numbers, (memorize)
23. She persuaded me ..............................
in this play, (act)
24. It is no use................................. me the way. I am only a visitor here, (ask)

25. I cannot seem .................. ........ rid of this cold, (get)
26. Don't bother.... ........................... the lift, it is out of order, (try)
27. I cannot stand ................................... early in the morning, (get up)
28. She found it difficult........... .. .... ...... the busy street, (cross)
198
29. It was very kind of you .. ... ..................... me chocolates, (bring)

30. Those children are too young ...................... ....... themselves.(look after)
31. I am not hungry but I don't feel like ..... ................ anything, (eat)
32. I don't think it is worth .... ...... ... ..... .... government money on space explorations, (spend)
33. His impossible..
.. ... ... ... to Rose, she thinks she knows everything, (talk)
34. If your father gives up .. .. . ....... ...... he will live longer, (drink)
35. One of my main ambitions is ....
..
... . around the world, (travel)
36. I cannot afford ................... .. . a car at the moment, (buy)

37. If you want to stop . . ... ... ..
., try . .. ........... ...... gum instead, (smoke/chew)
38. The athlete tried ... ......... . .. the world record but he failed, (break)
39. Tom Cruise was very excited about..the Academy Award, (receive)
40. After ..
.. .. ..
the agenda, we went on discuss finance, (approve)
41. She is always the first........................... and the last . ..... ...... ............. (arrive /leave)
42. I don't fancy .. ..
.. .. ... for a walk in the rain, (go)
43. The teacher doesn't permit ... ........... .. . during the exam, (talk)
44. The best thing is .. .... .. .. your local library, (ring up)
45. I like .................... .... every day, it keeps me fit. (exercise)
46. They were delighted.. .. ... ... ..... .. their father standing on the deck of the ship, (see)
47. It was very thoughtless of you ......
............... such things to a sick old man. (say)
48. I chose .. ... ........... on the island because of my health, (live)

49. I was busy.
.. .. ... ..
the letter when the boss came, (type)
50. The captain ordered the passengers ..
.. ...... ..
. the ship, (abandon)
51. Muge is very fond of......................... chocolates, (cat)

52. This seems... .. .... .. .. a serious matter, (be)
53. My father doesn't allow me ... .. ..... .. .... in the evening, (play)
54. I always remember .......... ............ .......... the door before I go out. (lock)
55. Are you planning .. ... ... ....... a vacation this year? (lake)
56. When you finish .......... ........ . the letter, could you please help me? (write)
57. If you walk in these mountains, you risk ...
... .... ...
lost, (get)
58. My father suggested ..... ... .... ...... to the cinema tonight, (go)
59. Everyone tried ..
. .. ... ... the car, but it didn't move at all. (lift)
60. I haven't decided what...... ............ ..... to the party, (wear)

61. I was made ..................................... for two hours for an appointment, (wait
62. The apples keep .............. .. .. from the trees in my garden, (disappear)
63. I don't mind people ............................... about my family, (gossip)
64. These scissors need .... .. ... .... ... immediately (sharpen)
199
65. If you carry on .. ... .. ... ... .., I will have to ask you to leave the room, (misbehave)
66. This film is worth .......... .................. , I think, (see)
67. She cannot stand .. ......................... alone during my absence, (be)
68. She refused .... .............................. the shoes I bought yesterday, (change)
69. It is silly of you ...... ........................ time like that, (waste)
70. It is no good .... ............................ him; he is deaf, (shout at)
71. Don't forget................... .. ......... me as soon as you arrive home, (phone)
72. Angela asked me...................... ......... to the cinema with her. (go)
73. I'll take you to hospital. I cannot bear................. ... ....... you in pain, (see)
74. We are thinking of.................................... to Italy for our holidays, (go)
75. Do you want................................... tennis this afternoon? (play)
76. Linda suggested ...................................... a day in Paris, (spend)
77. Sally has decided ............... .................... him a new watch for his birthday, (buy)
78. Paul agreed ............... .................... it again, (not, do)
79. The children have really missed .. ....................... .... in your lovely garden, (play)
80. I think George is interested in ...
.................. . a lawyer, (become)
81. ................................... a new language is very interesting thing to do. (learn)

82. There is a regulation which forbids .................. ............ in hospitals, (smoke)
83. Where did you get the money? I don't remember................ ...... ..... it to you. (give)
84. Bill carried on . .................. ....... when his friends went on strike, (work)
85. She stopped .................... ........... on her project when she became sick, (work)
86. You had better stop ............. ................... so much alcohol, (drink)
87. I am afraid you are not allowed .. .............. ......
in here, sir. (smoke)
88. I cannot help .................................. when I am tired, (yawn)

89. Please leave off.... ......................... the carpet; the baby is sleeping, (hover)
90. A good servant knows how .............. ................ table, (wait at)
91. I like ................ ................. in the new swimming pool when it opens, (swim)
92. Did you have any trouble ......................... ..... the hotel I mentioned? (find)
93. Advertisements encourage people .................... ............ more money, (spend)
94. Getting to work on time means................. ..... ........ very early in the morning, (get up)
95. She has abstained from ...................................... for a long time, (drink)
96. There is no ............. ..... ............. what will happen. Don't waste time talking, (tell)
97. Jane took three weeks .... ... ..................... her illness, (get over)
98. You will have no difficulty (in) .... ....................
. this letter into Turkish, (translate)
99. You will find it difficult............. ................... this subject to the students, (explain)
100.The travel agent recommended our................................... near the airport, (stay)
200
101.I cannot put up with your constant .
...... ....... ...... (complain)
102.The teacher advised me .. .................... carefully, (listen.)

103.Your piano needs ............ .............. (tune)
104.You should practise .......... ... .
... English at every opportunity (speak)
105.Try ....................... .... the bell. Someone may be in. (ring)

106.I have never imagined the mountain .. ...
107.Do you prefer
..
..
so high, (be)
..................... .. your letters to .......... ....... . .. them by hand? (type/write)
108.My father didn't want me ... ... ..... . a ballet dancer, (become)
109.I study hard, this means ... ... ... ......
a lot of time in the library, (spend)
110.You are supposed ... .. .. .. .. your parents without ...
... .. ..
why. (obey / ask)
111.There is nothing ... .. ... ... .... us from .................... married, (prevent/get)
112.He stopped ............................... the map and then walked on. (Look at)
113.I will never forget......... ..
... Rosemary standing on the balcony, (see)
114.I don't mind ..... .... ... ... .. in a lent if there are no snakes, (sleep)
115.I am sorry I forgot .. .................... the letter you gave me. (post)
116.Don't pretend ......................... ... him, you know you don't really (like)
117.I hate... .... .. ... .. any kind of sports on television, (watch)
118.Children should be encouraged .... .. .............. as early as possible, (swim)
119.I really appreciate your .... ... .. ... .. to help the poor, (try)
120.The main subject of the talk is how . .. ...
..
.. crimes from ..... .... .... ..
. (prevent / happen)
121.My friend suggested ........ ... .. .. a picnic on the. island on Sunday, (have)
122.I quit................................. comic books when I was twelve years old. (read)
123.I got the students .... .. .. .. .... the sentences three times, (repeat)
124.The school doesn't allow .................................. here, (smoke)
125.I cannot imagine ................ .. .in a place like that, (live)
126.I would recommend you .. ... .... ..... ... Turkey in the summer, (visit)
127.We expect Jane. ....... .. .. .. in the office on Saturdays, (work)
128.The policeman admitted (to)...... ... ... ..
. bribes, (take)
129.The teacher explained his ... .... .... ... .... ill. (be)
130.There were a lot of girls, but I favoured .. ....... ....................... with Lucy, (dance)
131.Why don't you forbid your daughter ..................... .......... cigarettes? (smoke)
132.Pedro claimed ........... ...................... the last heir to the fortune, (be)
133.How did you come ................................. her? (know)
134.Should I include .. ...................
a diploma on my application form? (have)
135.I happened .. .... ...... ... .... . the teacher in the park the other day. (see)
136.Paola is not well enough ......... ..... ..... ... to the party tomorrow, (come)
201
137.It is boring ..................................... there doing nothing, (sit)

138.It isn't worth while . ............ .... . to Paris for only one day (go)
139.Caroline forgot when................................. the children to the concert, (take)
140.It is useless ...................................... roses in this kind of soil, (plant)
141.Mandy was on the point of...................................... Istanbul when we got there, (leave)
142.Will you excuse my .. .. ......... ..... early? (leave)
143.My sister went on.. ... .. .... ... .. about the other matter, (talk)
144.I meant..................................... married last year but I didn't have enough money, (get)
145.If you want to go to the cinema, it will mean .... .... .... .... . a baby-sitter, (get)
146.She asked me ...................................... the car in front of the house, (not, leave)
147.Stop..... .... .. ... ... of the window and listen to me. (Look out)
148.The policeman warned my father.. .... .. .... .... fast, (not, drive)
149.I know him ...................................... honest, (be)
150.I don't understand your ................................ angry with me. (get)
151.The teacher cannot tolerate my ... ... ... ..... late every day. (come)
152.I would like you ...................................... your holidays in Italy, (spend)
153.I cannot stand your .... .......... .... ... so rudely towards my father, (behave)
154.If you gamble, you risk.. ........ ........... your money, (lose)
155.The puppies looked so sweet that I couldn't resist... ..... . ....
.. them, (stroke)
156.I don't recommend ...................................... your summer holidays in Paris, (spend)

157.Heidi offered .......... ......... .... me a lift to the station, (give)
158.My father promised me that he would give up.. ..... ..... ...... ....(smoke)
159.I don't recall...................................... to have lunch with you. (promise)
160.I would prefer you .................................. at home, (stay)
161.I had a good time...................................... at the party (dance)
162.She explained to me what kind of food.......... ....... ............ (eat)
163.They keep (on). ........ .. .... ... their minds all the time, (change)
164.Helen mentioned................................... me on television last week, (see)
165.The baby appears ...................................... hungry (be)
166.I cannot forgive Julia for. .......... ..... ..... her promise, (break)
167.She heard the noise, but she was afraid .................................... downstairs, (go)
168.My sister is afraid of................................... in the dark, (walk)
169.What you do is . .......... .... .... .. the eggs with flour, (mix)
170.Can you imagine.. .... ... .... .... .. ten thousand dollars in the state lottery? (win)
202

Answer the following questions using the structures below.
BE USED TO
+ GERUND/GERUND PHRASE
BE ACCUSTOMED TO
+ GERUND/GERUND PHRASE
BE USED TO
+ NOUN
BE ACCUSTOMED TO
+ NOUN
Example:
A: Do you drive on the right?

B: No, I don't. I am not used to driving on the right.
No, I don't. I am not accustomed to driving on the right.
A: Does the hot weather bother you?
B: No, it doesn't. I am used to the hot weather.
No, it doesn't. I am accustomed to the hot weather.
1.A: Do you always walk quickly?

B: No, ...
2. A: Does your father always have a cold shower in (he morning?
B: Yes, ...
3. A: Does your sister always have a siesta in the afternoon?
B: No, ...
4. A: Does your friend always live on. his own?
B: Yes, ...
5. A: Do you like this kind of food in Turkey?
B: No...
6. A: Can you live in the Polar region?
B: Yes...
7. A: Do you always sleep with the windows open?
B: No...
8. A: Do the insults of your friends bother you?
B: Yes...
9. A: Can you live in such a climate like this?
B: No...
10. A: Are you fond of listening to Turkish music?
B: Yes...
11. A: Do you like eating spicy food?
B: No...
12. A: Do you always go to work at sunrise?
B: Yes, ...
13. A: Does your father always go to bed so late?
B: No,...
203

Answer the following questions giving long answers.
1. Are you in the habit of smoking Hubble bubble?
2. Do you love walking in the snow?
3. Do you think that knowing a foreign language is useful?
4. What is your father used to doing in the morning?
5. What are you afraid of doing at night?
6. Are you tired of living in Istanbul?
7. What do your parents enjoy doing at the weekends?
8. What is your mother tired of doing every day?
9. Are you accustomed to eating the same kind of food all the time?
10. Do you think that using a computer is absolutely necessary nowadays?
11. What are you fond of doing on Sundays?
12. Do you avoid drinking coffee if it keeps you up at night?
13. Did you have fun watching the football match on TV last night?
14. What do you do if you consider quitting your job?
15. Do you feel like going to the cinema tonight?
16. Are you allowed to enter a mosque without taking your shoes off?
17. Do you think that teaching English calls for a lot of patience?
18. Is there a possibility of going to Mars in the future?
204

Complete the following sentences with the "Gerund" or "Infinitive" forms of the "verbs" on the list below.
WRITE, TALK, LEARN, WATER, LISTEN TO, STUDY, PLAY, TAKE, DO, DRIVE
1. I am very good at ........................... ... ... chess. Nobody can beat me.
2. Do you like... .. ... .. .. ... ......... classical music?
3. Do you think it is easy ................... .... .. ... .... a foreign language?
4. My brother learned ..... .......... .. .... ... .. . a car when he was seventeen.
5. I finished .................... .. ... .. .... . the first few pages of my term paper.
6. He promised . .. ..... .. ......................... the flowers while I was out of town.
7. My mother felt better after ..... .. .... ... ... .... her medicine.
8. It is pointless . ... ..... ... .... ... .... .. ..a language if you are never going to use it.
9. Could you please sit down and stop . .. . .. ...... ..... ..... .... .
10. 10. My sister is busy ...... ... ... ... ......... ..... . her homework at the moment.
BE, CRY, PLAY, SPEAK, WAIT, POST, SPEAK, FIND, WIDEN, ARRIVE
1. There is always a traffic jam here. The road needs ... .................
..
... ..
2. Taking care of the neighbour's house proved .... .... .... .... ... .... .. a difficult job.
3. I had a lot of difficulty ..... .... .. .... ... ............... another job in Istanbul.
4. After not...................................................... to each other for a year, they decided to bury the hatchel
5. It was rather childish of him ..... ... ... ....................... ... when he did badly in the test.
6. I would prefer .... .... .... .. .. .... .... ...here a bit if you don't mind.
7. Could you remind me .................. ................................. this letter?
8. I will never forget ....... .. .. .... .. .... .... in New York the first time.
9. I couldn't resist ... ... .. .... ... .... .... .. a trick on the teacher.
10. Why do you always insist on my ..................
..
... ... ... English all the time?
CHECK, WORK, BLAME, GET, INTERRUPT, FIND, TELL, DRIVE, ARGUE, EMIGRATE
1. I hope you won't mind my ...................................
.. .you are having a chat.
2. I don't feel like ....................................................., so T will say no more about the subject.
3. The traffic policeman stopped the man for....
4. It is not much use. ... ... ... ..... .... .... ....
.. ...
.. ....... ..... ... intoxicated.
our defeat on the weather.
5. It won't be easy for Melissa ........................................................ a new job in London.

6. I am interested in ....................................................... to Canada.
7. Remember... ........ ...... ... .. ...your answers before you leave the exam room.
8. I regret... ... .... ........ ... ......... you that I will not be able to be at the reception next week.
9. It means ................................................. a raise or being thrown out of the office.
205
10. My parents always encourage me ..... .... .... ..... .... ... . as hard as I can.
EXERCISE 177 : PERFECT GERUNDS (ACTIVE / PASSIVE)

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Gerund".
ACTIVE PERFECT GERUND
: HAVING + PAST PARTICIPLE
PASSIVE PERFECT GERUND : HAVING + BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE

Example :
Carol denied that she had stolen the money.
(ACTIVE)
Carol denied having stolen the money.

Martha denied that she was seen with a Russian spy
(PASSIVE) Martha denied having been seen with a Russian spy.

1. I remember that I had seen that girl at the ball.
I remember ...................................................................................................
2. Mary resents that she hasn't been invited to the wedding party.
Mary resents...........................................................................................................
3. They accused me that I had taker, part in the bank robbery.
They accused me of .......................................................................................................
4. Helen complains that she wasn't given enough freedom in choosing her husband.
Helen complains of...........................................................................................
5. My father forgot that he had posted the letters.
My father forgot....................................................................................................................
6. Sheila feels sorry that she wasn't taken to the circus by her father.
Sheila feels sorry ..........................................................................................................................
7. The manager apologized that he had charged too much.
The manager apologized for ..................................................................................................................
8. The teacher admits that she has been criticized severely by her students.
The teacher admits (to) ..... .... .... .... ..... .... .. .... .... .. .. .... ...
9. She is glad that she had studied English when she was at high school.
She is glad of....................................
10. The man objects that he was sent to the doctor by the manager.
The man objects to .... ................. ..........................................................................
11. Do you regret that you didn't go to university?
Do you regret not................................................................... .............................?
12. Helen admitted that she had left the door unlocked.
Helen admitted (to) ........................................................................................
13. Emily doesn't enjoy that she has been pushed into the swimming-pool by her friends.
Emily doesn't enjoy.. ... .............. .... .... .... ........ ... ..... .......
14. The American remember that Lincoln abolished slavery.
The American remember .......................................................................................
15. I am depressed that I had a row with my wife this morning.
I am depressed about..............................................................................................................
206
EXERCISE 178 : INFINITIVES

Complete the following sentences with the "Plain Infinitive" or "Full Infinitive" forms of the verbs in
brackets.
Example:
Rose made me .............miserable, (feel)

Rose made me feel miserable. (Plain Infinitive)
1. Would you like ............. ............to the cinema with me? (go)
2. Would you like to go to the cinema with me? (Full Infinitive)
3. I didn't dare ....... ............... . the doctor that she was wrong, (tell)
4. I would prefer you .. .. .. ... ..... .. me up at, eight, oclock, (pick)
5. It was foolish of you .... . ......... so last in the centre of the city, (drive)
6. They would rather ....... ... ... .... a boxing match than a football] match, (see)
7. Lora is not well enough.. .. .... .. ... tennis this evening, (play)
8. Thank you for your postcard, it was very thoughtful of you ... .... ..... ..... it. (send)
9. They didn't allow Julie ....................... . . tennis at school, (play)
10. I am too scared . ...... .................... the tent. There are some bears outside, (leave)
11. How old were you when you learnt....... ....
..............? (drive)
12. Chris does nothing but.. ... ..... .... .... .all the time, (complain)
13. I don't mind walking there, but I would rather . ... .. ... .... a taxi, (take)
14. How do you make this machine ......................................? -I am not sure, (work)
15. I like .................................. carefully about things before I make a decision, (think)
16. It was wrong of you ..................... .... your mother like that, (scare)
17. I didn't want .... .. .... ... ... the film. It wasn't worth seeing, (see)
18. Rather than .................................... it back to the shop he decided to repair it himself, (take)
19. The doctor made the patient.... .. .... .. .... in bed for a few days, (stay)
20. The robber made everyone in the bank ................................... down on the floor, (lie)
21. I would rather...... ............................. tennis than ............................... golf, (play/play)
22. He was made ................ ..... his homework, (do)
23. She seems .... ...... ..... .... ... nothing but .. .....
.. ... ... (do/sleep)
24. She would prefer ............. ............ out rather than............... ......... .... at home, (go/stay)
25. She didn't let me ........... . ........ . the flute in the living room, (play)
26. Where do you usually ... ... ... ... ....your summer holidays? (spend)
27. I will let you ..................,......... ...the result of the game tomorrow, (know)
28. You had better
....... ........... me the truth before the police arrive, (tell)
29. Let's .................................... for a walk as soon as it stops raining, (go)

207
30. She suggested that the teacher................ .... ... the subject once again, (explain)
31. She stopped ....... ... .... ..... a cigarette but she couldn't.... ..... .... .... .a lighter, (smoke/find)
Rewrite the following sentences using a "Gerund Phrase".
Example:
It is boring to spend the whole day at home.

Spending the whole day at home is boring.
1. It is a wonderful thing to live in luxury.

2. It is enjoyable to walk in the rain.
3. It is essential to understand the basic points.
4. It is not very difficult to learn to drive a car.
5. It was extraordinary to see the actual Hollywood film set.
6. It requires a lot of patience to write an English grammar book.
7. It was a waste of time to argue with those Russian students.
8. It was not easy to make money in Saudi Arabia.
9. It is foolish to make a decision without knowing the facts.
10. It is relaxing to take a walk in the park.
11. It is difficult to learn a foreign language within six months.
12. It is wonderful to fall in love.
13. It was a marvellous idea to spend the summer at the seashore.
14. It requires considerable skill to make race cars.
15. It was Hamlet's main occupation to take the revenge of his father.
16. It is dangerous to swim after a heavy meal.
17. It is difficult to study when a radio is on.
208

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Full Infinitive Phrase".
Example:
Playing with matches is dangerous.

It is dangerous to play with matches.
1.Spending a few days in Antalya is a good idea.

It...................................................................................................................
2. Living in a foreign country was not easy.
It...................................................................................................................
3. Cheating in the examination is wrong.
It...................................................................................................................
4. Making friends was not very difficult in those days.
It...................................................................................................................
5. Getting enough sleep is important.
It...................................................................................................................
6. Going to the cinema with your friends is not a good idea.
It...................................................................................................................
7. Looking up words in a dictionary takes a long time.
It...................................................................................................................
8. Living on a deserted island is really hard.
It...................................................................................................................
9. Teaching children at this age must be extremely difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
10. Playing any kind of musical instrument requires a good sense of rhythm.
It...................................................................................................................
11. Making elderly people happy is very difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
12. Being a good neighbour is a wonderful thing.
It...................................................................................................................
13. Living in this part of the city is very dangerous.
It...................................................................................................................
14. Predicting when an earthquake will occur is very difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
15.Protecting whales and other endangered species is very important.
It...................................................................................................................
16.Going further was impossible.
It...................................................................................................................
17.Giving time to the project became more difficult.
It...................................................................................................................
209
EXERCISE 181 : INFINITIVES (ENOUGH/TOO)

Rewrite the following sentences using "ENOUGH". Change the adjectives if necessary.
Example:
This skirt is too short for an old lady to wear.

This shirt is not long enough for an old lady to wear.
1. The weather is too cold for us to go swimming.

2. Natalie is too careless to see her mistakes.
3. This tangerine is too sour for me to eat.
4. My sister is too young to get married. She is only sixteen.
5. The puzzle was too difficult for anyone to solve.
6. You are too young to be a member of this club.
7. Stella is too short to reach (to) that high shelf.
8. She is too weak to walk without help.
9. We were too far to be able to see their faces.
10. My grandfather was too old to travel on his own.
11. Julia is too poor to buy that house.
12. The sea was too rough for us to go sailing.
13. The house is too expensive for us to buy
14. This room is too dark for me to take pictures.
15. Gloria was too old to apply for the job.
16. The horse was too slow to win the race.
17. They are too stupid to know the answer.
210
EXERCISE 182 : INFINITIVES (ENOUGH)

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below. Change the adjectives if necessary.
ADJECTIVE + ENOUGH + FULL INFINITIVE
Example:
Maria is very rich. She can buy a villa by the sea.

Maria is rich enough to buy a villa by the sea.
1. Diana is very tall. She can touch the ceiling.

2. The electric torch is very small. It tan go into a pocket.
3. My brother is very strong. He can lift a horse.
4. The stadium is very big. It can hold sixty thousand people.
5. I am not very well. I cannot make a trip around the world.
6. This soldier is not very brave. He cannot fight the enemy
7. My sister is not very clever. She cannot solve that problem.
8. Susan was very clever. She answered all the questions.
9. Kate is very poor. She cannot buy an expensive car.
10. Diana was very old. She could not apply for the job.
11. George was not very experienced. He could not tackle the problems.
12. You are not old. You cannot watch this film on the television.
13. Belly was not old. She could not go to school.
14. The horse was very fast. It could win all the races easily
15. He was very thirsty lie drank five glasses of water.
16. That small chair is not very strong. It cannot support that heavy man.
211

Rewrite the following sentences using "TOO" using the structure below.
TOO + ADJECTIVE + FULL INFINITIVE
Example:
Pamela was so worried that she couldn't concentrate on her homework.

Pamela was too worried to concentrate on her homework.
1. Eileen was so impatient that she couldn't tolerate the children for very long.
2. The coffee was so sweet that I couldn't drink it.
3. The Adana Kebap was so hot that we couldn't eat it.
4. This film is so violent that my children cannot watch it on TV
5. Molly was so poor that she couldn't pay the rent of her flat.
6. I was so tired that I couldn't go to the cinema with my friends.
7. They were so busy that they couldn't have a chat.
8. Angela is so upset that she cannot stop crying.
9. It is such a heavy box that I cannot lift it.
10. The lesson was so boring that I couldn't stay there the whole time.
11. The man was so fat that he couldn't go through the door.
12. The weather was so cold that the children couldn't go swimming.
13. The room was so dark that we couldn't take any pictures.
14. The meeting was so short that we couldn't reach any decisions.
15. The exercise is so difficult that I cannot do it.
16. I am so busy that I cannot take you to the cinema tonight.
212

Combine the following pairs of sentences with "TOO" using the structure below.
TOO
Example:
+ ADJECTIVE
(FOR + NOUN/PRONOUN) +
FULL INFINITIVE
It is very cold. We cannot have a picnic on the island.

It is too cold (for us) to have a picnic on the island.
1. This book is very boring. I cannot read it in two clays.

2. The coffee was very hoi. I couldnt drink it.
3. Life is very short. We cannot worry about every little thing.
4. The staircase is very steep. My grandmother cannot climb it.
5. The sky was very cloudy. We couldn't see the UFO at all.
6. That car is quite expensive. I cannot afford to buy it,
7. This orange is very sour. I cannot eat it.
8. This room is very cold. We cannot sit in it,
9. The exercise was quite difficult. We couldn't do it within two hours.
10. It is very far. We cannot walk there.
11. Russian is very difficult. I cannot learn it within two years.
12. The film was very touching. I couldn't watch it on TV last night.
13. These letters are very long. Helen cannot type them in two hours.
14. This coffee is very strong. I cannot drink it without milk.
15. The river was very deep. The children couldn't swim in it.
16. The dress is very long. Stella cannot wear it.
213
EXERCISE 185: INFINITIVES (TOO)

Combine the following pairs of sentences with "TOO" using the structure below.
TOO
+ ADJECTIVE
Example:
FULL INFINITIVE
I am very old. I cannot fall in love again.

I am too old to fall in love again.
1. These people are very afraid. They cannot fight for their rights.
2. My sister is very young. She cannot vole at this election.
3. Kate was quite tired. She couldn't help me with my homework.
4. I was extremely shy. I couldn't make a speech in front of strangers.
5. I was very tired. I couldn't have a chat with my neighbour.
6. Your mother is very old. She cannot wear a mini skirt.
7. My friend is exceedingly nervous. She cannot answer all the questions.
8. They were very proud. They couldn't ask for help.
9. My girlfriend is very conceited. She cannot accept that kind of job.
10. Jane's new car is very wide. It cannot go into her garage easily.
11. Tom is very stupid. He cannot understand the meaning of that poem.
12. Hilda was quite sensible. She couldn't be influenced by flattery.
13. Linda is very cautious. She cannot risk her money.
14. He is very drunk. He doesn't know what he is talking about.
15. My father is very busy. He cannot take you to the circus tonight.
16. The famous man was very proud. He couldn't go back to his parents' house again.
214
EXERCISE 186: INFINITIVES (ENOUGH)

Combine the following pairs of sentences with "ENOUGH" using the structure below.
ENOUGH
NOUN
FULL INFINITIVE
NOUN
ENOUGH
FULL INFINITIVE
Example:
There is a lot of bread. It will last for three days.

There is enough bread to last for three days.
There is bread enough to last for three days,
1.We haven't got much money. We cannot eat in restaurants every day.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. I haven't got much money. I cannot go on holiday this year.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. There is a great deal of poison in this bottle. It can kill an elephant.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. There isn't much flour here. I cannot make a cake.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. I have a lot of strength. I can carry this heavy box without any help.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. There wasn't much room in the car. We couldn't all get into it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. We didn't have many chairs. The other people couldn't sit on.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. I haven't got much experience. I cannot apply for this job.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. There were not many cups. I couldn't make coffee for all the guests.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. She didn't have much courage. She couldn't criticize the Prime Minister.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
215
EXERCISE 187 : INFINITIVES (LET/ALLOW)

Answer the following questions using the structures below.
LET
SOMEONE
DO
SOMETHING
ALLOW
SOMEONE
TO DO
SOMETHING
BE
ALLOWED
TO DO
SOMETHING (PASSIVE)
Example:
Can you play cards at school?

No, the teachers don't let us play cards at school.
No, the teachers don't allow us to play cards at school.
No, we are not allowed to play cards at school.
1.Can you speak loudly in the library?

No, the librarian.........................................................................................................
No, the librarian ....................... .......... ..... ... .... .... ... ... ... ..... ..... .....
No, we............... ..................... .... .... .... ... ..................................................
2.Can the students of this school wear jeans at school?
No, they ..................................................................................................
No, they ..............................................................................................................
No, they .......................................................................................................
3.Did your sister go to the circus last night?
Yes, my father.......................................................................................
Yes, my father...........................................................
Yes, she ......................................................................
4.Could your brother go to the disco five years ago?
No, my parents......................................................................................................
No, my parents........................................................... .... .... ..... ..... ..... .....
No, he .................................................................................................................
5.Are you going to pick up flowers in the park?
No, the gardener ...................................................................................................
No, the gardener................................................................................................
.No, I .....................................................................
6.Can you do bungee jumping from this bridge?
No, the police.................................................................................................................
No, the police ..................................................................................................
No, we .................................. ..... .... .... .... .... ... .... ........... .... ......... .....
7.Can your sister go to the night clubs by herself?
Yes, my parents.... .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... .. .... .... ...... ... ...... ... ....
Yes, my parents ........................................................................................................
Yes, she .................................................................................................
216
EXERCISE 188 : INFINITIVES (PREFERENCES)

Rewrite the following sentences using the structures below.
SUBJECT + WOULD PREFER +
FULL INFINITIVE
SUBJECT + RATHER
+
PLAIN INFINITIVE
Example: I prefer staying at home to going to the cinema.
I would prefer to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.
I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.
1.Rose prefers studying English to watching television.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.I prefer going swimming to playing tennis.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. My father prefers typing letters to writing them by hand.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Many teachers prefer going on a holiday to working for extra money
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. My mother prefers flying to going by train.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6.My son prefers playing chess to flying kites.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7.My mother prefers doing the dishes to dusting the furniture.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8.My father prefers listening to the radio to discussing political matters.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9.My sister prefers playing the piano to playing the flute.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10.My brother prefers studying in the morning to studying in the evening.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
217
EXERCISE 189 : INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE)

Answer the following questions using the words in brackets. You can use the prompts on the list if you like.
* lose weight
* be more successful
* do the shopping
* make some tea
* be able to go to sleep
* buy some petrol
* get a better job
Example:
* buy a new car

* impress the boss
* catch the train
* cash a cheque
* Look smart
* get hungry on the journey
* make a good impression on people
A: Why does your sister do bodily exercises every morning? (to)

B: My sister does bodily exercises every morning to lose weight.
1.A: Why is your father learning English? (in order to)

B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.A: What for did Monica stop at the petrol station? (to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.A: Why did Michael go to the bank? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A: Why did David put the kettle on the electric heater? (to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A: Why is Lisa borrowing some money? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. A: Why does Jeremy sometimes take a pill? (to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A: Why did the children run to the train station? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A: Why is Tom going to wear his new suit? (to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A: Why are you going to study these books on business? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A: Why does Diana get to work earlier than usual? (to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------11.A: Why did you take so much food? (so as not to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------12.A: Why do you have to be well dressed? (so as to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------13.A: Why did they hold a meeting? (so as to)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
218
EXERCISE 190 :INFINITIVES (EXPRESSING PURPOSE)

Answer the following questions using the words in bracket. You can use the prompts on the list if you like.
* buy some milk
* buy some food for her goldfish
* waste time
* complete the project on time
* make new friends
* break your heart
* operate the machine
* investigate the case
* bring her round
* disturb his room-mate
* take interest
* give you a wrong impression
* reduce crime
* buy a pair of glasses
Example :
A: Why did Rose go to the supermarket? (in order to)
B: Rose went to the supermarket in order to buy some milk.
1. A: For what reason do people put their money in a bank? (so as to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. A; What did the government take these measures for? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. A: Why did Peter press the red button? (to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A: For what purpose did your daughter go to London? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A: Why are the staff working at weekends? (so as to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. A: Why didn't you say anything? (in order not to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A: Why didn't the teacher say anything? (so as not to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A: Why did Marty go to the opticians? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A: Why did you turn the radio down? (so as not to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A: Why did your wife join this club? (so as to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. A: Why did they start working early in the morning? (so as not to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. A: Why did Susie go to the pet-shop? (in order to)
B: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------13. A: Why did they throw water over the woman? (to)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
219

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle" for the "Adverbial Clause of Time". Use
"BEFORE" or "AFTER".
Example:
After I finished my homework, I went to the cinema.
After finishing my homework, I went to the cinema.
1. After they got married, they settled in London.
2. We went to the circus after we had dinner.
3. She washed her hair before she got dressed.
4. Before he became a dentist, he worked for a computer firm.
5. After I saw a film on Spain, I decided to go there for my summer holidays.
6. Before I had breakfast, I had a cold shower,
7. After Laura left home, she went to the cinema.
8. Before Jennifer went to bed, she drank a glass of milk.
9. After they lived in Ankara for a long time, they moved to Antalya.
10. I will settle in Istanbul after I get married to Dilara.
11. My father buys a newspaper before he has breakfast.
12. I feel very tired after I stay awake all night.
13. After I have a hot drink, I usually have a rest at home.
14. I will learn Japanese before I go to Japan.
15. I took every possibility into consideration before I went there.
16. I felt relaxed after I came back from my holiday.
17. I turned the lights off before I went out of the room.
220

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Time".
Examples: When the old man walks along the street, he talks to himself.
(When) walking along the street, the old man talks to himself.
The old man talks to himself (when) walking along the street.
While my father is watching TV he falls asleep.
(While) watching TV, my father falls asleep.
My father falls asleep (while) watching TV.
Paul broke his ankle while he was playing tennis.
(While) playing tennis, Paul broke his ankle.
Paul broke his ankle (while) playing tennis.
While Peter was walking home, he saw an accident.
(while) walking home, Peter saw an accident.
Peter saw an accident (while) walking home.
After Melissa realised her mistake, she decided to correct it.
(After) realizing her mistake, Melissa decided to correct it.
Melissa decided to correct her mistake (after) realizing it.
When I leave the office, I always check my appointments.
After I get dressed, I have breakfast.
Before I leave home, I always check the doors.
My sister drinks a lot of water after she plays tennis.
While I was making the salad, I cut my finger.
After she got into her swimming costume, she ran to the river.
After Peter climbed over the prison wall, he got away by stealing a car.
When he peeped through the chinks of the wooden door, he saw the criminal.
After Pamela finished her homework, she turned on the television set.
After I worked hard all day, I found it rather difficult to walk.
As I was walking in the park, I saw a bird building a nest.
When Tony completed the course successfully, he was awarded a diploma.
When the pilot realized that he could do nothing, he jumped off the plane by parachute.
I hurt my knee while I was playing football.
Before he left the house, he put the letter in his pocket.
The fans ran into the football pitch while they were waving their scarves.
After the children chose their holiday, they made a reservation.
I slammed the door when I left the room.
As/while I was running for the bus, I came across a very old friend of mine.
Carlos was sitting at the table while he was writing the letter.
When I went to the cinema, I saw Veronica.
When Maria heard the explosion, she looked out of the window.
Margaret ate her pear while she was listening to the radio.
As / when the prisoner crossed the road, he saw the policeman.
While the man was shouting for help, he ran from the burning building.
When I am sitting in the room, I do my homework.
As / when Carol was walking down the street, she bumped into a friend of hers.
While we are chewing something, we should not talk.
Since they returned to London, they have been very busy
Before my mother heard the news, she was very happy.
221

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Reason".
Example:
Helen didn't go to work because she felt / was feeling ill.

Helen didn't go to work feeling ill. Feeling ill, Helen didnt go to work.
As/because I didnt understand the question, I couldnt answer it.
Not understanding the question, I couldnt answer it.
As / because I fell restless, I took a walk in the park.
Because the swimmer was gasping for breath, he was pulled from the churning water.
Since / because we finished our work early, we were free to go home.
Because George ate a good dinner, he began to feel better.
As Lora was intelligent, she learned geometry quickly.
As I didn't know where to go, I asked for directions.
As / because Mandy was ill, she stayed in hospital for ten days.
As/because I was not able to afford to take a taxi, I went home on fool.
As Peter didn't expect any letter, he was surprised to be given one.
As we were tired of waiting, we decided to go home.
Because Tom is unemployed, he hasn't got much money
As the teacher was cautious, he read the letter twice.
Since/because I was the only teacher in the village. I was in a fortunate position.
Since / because Maria heard a scream, she went out to investigate.
As he was poor, he couldnt afford to buy books.
222

Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase"
Example:
A time-bomb exploded. It killed ten students.

A time-bomb exploded killing ten students.
1. The Earth goes round the sun. The Earth rotates on its axis.
2. Janet is sitting under the tree. She is writing a love letter.
3. Julia is here. She is playing with the dogs.
4. There is a bearded man in the street. He is begging for bread.
5. There is a teacher on the floor. He is dancing with his student.
6. Paul's father died. He left all his fortune to him.
7. Maggie came back from her holiday. She felt completely refreshed.
8. My father sat up till midnight. He studied the documents I gave.
9. Lisa is sitting beside the man. She is watching TV
10. The car turned the corner and hit a tree.
11. The factory burned down and caused many deaths.
12. He spent most of his time in Paris. He visited all the museums.
13. Tony walked out of the room. He slammed the door behind him.
14. Stella lay awake all night and recalled the events of the day.
15. The children ran down the street. They shouted and waved their hats.
16. Susan phoned and told me what she had done on her holiday.
17. I cut my hand while I was trying to open the tin.
223
EXERCISE 195 :PRESENT PARTICIPLES

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the "Relative Clause".
Example:
The man who is looking at the beautiful girl is very handsome.

The man looking at the beautiful girl is very handsome.
There was a man who swam in the river when it was raining.
There was a man swimming in the river when it was raining.
1. The car which belongs to my uncle is more expensive than mine.

2. It was a mixture which consisted of oil and vinegar.
3. The woman who is playing tennis over there is my English teacher.
4. There is a car which is waiting for us outside.
5. There are some children who are running towards the theatre.
6. I saw a bear which was dancing in the street.
7. The men who stayed at the Hilton hotel were all carrying guns.
8. There were a lot of children who were playing in the giant's garden.
9. There was a policeman who was shouting at the children at the top of his voice.
10. I stayed in a collage which belonged to my friend.
11. The students who don't obey the school rules must be punished.
12. It was only Michael, who was chopping wood in the garden.
13. It was our neighbour, who wanted to borrow some sugar.
14. It is Pamela, who is asking if she can use the telephone.
15. I gave the message to the man who resembles your father.
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EXERCISE 196: PRESENT PARTICIPLES

Complete the following sentences with the "Present Participle" forms of the verbs on the list below.
BUY, PUT, WANT, LEAVE, SHAKE, FEEL, FIND, HAVE, CLOSE, TURN
1. ........................... the water off his body, the dog ran after his master.
2. She entered the room silently..................the door softly behind her.
3. Lucy cried softly ....... her head in her hands.
4. You waste your money.......................things that nobody wants.
5. .......... .... ..........the key, he opened the door.
6. After ...................... .. a hot drink, I usually go to bed.
7. Before ...................... ....... the house, she put the letter in her handbag.
8. When.................depressed, I always spend my money on useless things.
9. Not ............................. to frighten the poor man, Rose hid in the store-room under the stairs.
10. Not............... ............... anyone at home, Olga pushed a note through the letter-box.
COME, KNOW, FLY, GREET, PLAY, SING, WAIT, PUT, SWIM, GO OUT
1. After ............... .............. her costume on, Eileen went downstairs to open the door.
2. Girls usually make up their faces before ...... .... .. ......... with their boyfriends.
3. I have never heard a nightingale ............... .. .. in the forest.
4. The American pilots observed a strange object.... ....................... . in the sky yesterday.
5. We saw three children........ .. ............... towards the shore.
6. There is a car... ................... .... . in front of the hospital.
7. There are some children ........................ ... hide and seek in the garden.
8. There was blood ........... ................. from a wound in his chest.
9. The woman ............ ................. the crowd is the wife of the Prime Minister.
10. Not.................................... quite what to do, the old woman sat down on the rock.
TAKE, SEIZE, PAY, TRAIN, CROSS, ASK, BE, OPEN, FIGHT, BELONG TO
1. .................................. furious with the referee, George started to swear.

2. Peter is having a lot of trouble ............................. his mortgage every month.
3. ............. .................. the door, Natalie found two letters on the floor.
4. People ............... .. .......... the train to Paris must go to platform three.
5. ................................ power in the country, they started to make a lot of new reforms.
6. After ............ ................... for ten years, Julia joined the National team.
7. While................................ the street, Pamela nearly got knocked down by a bus.
8. While ............. ............... in Palestine, he was seriously wounded.
9. I stayed at the hotel .. ........................... my friend's father,
10. After. ............................ such a simple question, Fiona felt ashamed.
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EXERCISE 197 PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS)

Combine the following sentences using a "Present Participle Phrase".
Example:
The boy watched the girls. The girls were playing hide and seek.
The boy watched the girls playing hide and seek.
I am looking at the student. The student is cheating in the exam.
I am looking at the student cheating in the exam.
1. I caught the man. He was stealing money from the safe.

2. I heard Mrs. Smith. She was arguing with her husband.
3. Rose spoke to the man. He was playing tennis.
4. She noticed two men. They were working on the farm.
5. They found the dog. It was lying on the floor.
6. I heard Lynda. She was playing Beethoven's violin concerto.
7. I observed two witnesses. They were looking at the documents.
8. I felt someone. He was touching my shoulder.
9. My father saw the girl. She was playing backgammon with her friend.
10. I met Betty; she was running after her child in the street.
11. I saw Tom's spirit. It was walking beside me.
12. We saw the children. They were opening the door.
13. I watched the men. They were destroying the furniture.
14. My father noticed the child. He was entering the courtyard.
15. The woman heard someone. He was shouting at the top of his voice.
16. The children watched the farmer. He was walking the dog in the park.
17. When he passed the ball to Renaldo, he ran towards the penalty area.
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18. Because I was not told to come at nine, I arrived late.

19. As I had never studied English before, I failed (in) the exam.
20. After Paul did his homework, he went for a swim.
21. As I had left my wallet at home, I couldn't pay for the meal.
22. She finished cleaning up and then she started cooking.
23. Because he had made no profit that year, he set fire to his own factory.
24. When Daniel has typed the letter, she will go to the cinema.
25. After I had eaten lunch, I drank coffee.
26. As we had not seen each other for ages, we had a chat for hours.
27. Because I have lost my job, I am now unemployed.
28. Since / because we had never been to the city before, we bought a guide-book.
29. As / because I didn't notice the time, I missed the train.
30. When Sandy had finished her work, she started to play the piano.
31. As / because George has worked hard, he will probably be promoted.
32. After I had eaten lunch, I went out to play football.
33. When Rain bird has typed the letter, he will go to the theatre.
34. When she found a good job, she began to look for a flat.
35. When I heard a noise in the street, I looked out of the window.
36. After she had paid at the cash desk, she left the supermarket.
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EXERCISE 198 : PRESENT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS)

Answer the following questions using a "Present Participle Phrase" for the information given in brackets.
Example:
A: What did you notice? (The rope was hanging from the ceiling.)
B: I noticed (that) the rope hanging from the ceiling.
A: What did you observe? (The two witnesses were looking at the prisoner.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did you see? (Tom was playing tennis.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did your mother hear? (The phone was ringing.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did Melissa feel? (The room was spinning round Melissa.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did the children hear? (A nightingale was singing in the forest.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did you spot? (A body was floating near the seashore.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did the woman observe? (A strange object was flying over the sea.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did your father notice? (Three men were swimming towards the shore.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did the teacher see? (My aunt was looking at the students strangely.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did your sister overhear? (Pamela was shouting at the secretary.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did your father smell? (The cake was burning in the kitchen.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did Mary watch? (Carmen was reading the programme at the concert.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did you listen to? (Jennifer Lopez was singing on the stage.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did your sister witness? (The man was beating the woman cruelly.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did you hear? (Helen was playing Beethovens violin concerto.)
B:................................................................................................
A: What did the policeman notice? (The criminal was crossing the street.)
B:................................................................................................
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EXERCISE 199: RESENT/ PAST PARTICIPLE (AS ADJECTIVES)

Complete the following sentences with the correct participles in brackets.
Example:
I am reading an .... .... ... ... article about love, (interesting/ interested)
I am reading an interesting article about love. (Present Participle)
Helga is very much .. . .......... in architecture, (interesting/interested)
Helga is very much interested in architecture. (Past Participle)
1. I am a little bit . .. ... .. ........ About my lather's health, (worrying / worried)
2. I was very ... .. ....... ...when I arrived home, (tiring / tired)
3. It is the most...... .. ... . .. film I have ever seen, (exciting / excited)
4. The lecture was very ........... ...... ..., so a lot of people left, (boring / bored)
5. I have felt. .. ... .. .. .. ever since I left home, (depressing/depressed)
6. When I opened the door, there was a ...... . .... .... noise, (terrifying / terrified)
7. It has been an awfully .. ... ... ....... day I must sit down for a moment, (tiring/ tired)
8. She was ............... .. .. with her son when he failed the test, (annoying/ annoyed)
9. The teacher was quite ....... ... .... ... with my progress, (satisfying /satisfied)
10. What is the ........ ..... .. .. point of this metal? (breaking /broken)
11. Rose was very ..
........ ...... about her new job. (boring/bored)
12. The capacity of this man for hard work is .................. . .. . (amazing/ amazed)
13. The..... ... ... .. child didn't know what to do. (terrifying/ terrified)
14. I was . .... .. ..........when I saw a man walking on the roof. (amazing/amazed)
15. My father was repairing the ..... ... .. .. chair in the garden, (breaking/ broken)
16. He told us funny stories but they weren't very .. ... .... ........ (amusing / amused)
17. Kate looked .... .. .... .. .... rather than pleased, (embarrassing/embarrassed)
18. I have just heard some ............. ... .... .. news about her. (worrying/worried)
19. When I feel .... .. ................. I always go to the cinema, (depressing / depressed)
20. It was.... .... ... ......... to see how little had been done, (disheartening/ disheartened)
21. You will be ................. .. by the beauty of the city, (enchanting /enchanted)
22. It was a very ....... ... ... ... experience for a small child, (frightening / frightened)
23. I am very ... .. .. ... . with the results, (pleasing/pleased)
24. The epidemic is spreading at an ......... .... ..... rate, (alarming / alarmed)
25. The possibility that I might lose my job is very . .... ..... ....... (worrying/worried)
26. Thank you very much for a very ............... .. .. presentation, (interesting/ interested)
27. We are ....... ... .. .. to hear about this new project, (exciting /excited)
28. We were all... .. ... ...... ... by your joke at the party (amusing /amused)
29. There was an ................ .. smile on her face, (enchanting /enchanted)
30. Mary was very ....... ... ..... ... and she wanted to go to bed. (tiring/ tired)
31. I was ................. .. .... of the man I saw in the street, {frightening/ frightened)
32. It wasnt. .. ......... .. performance by a young musician, (astonishing/ astonished)
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Rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Participle Phrase" for the ''Adverbial Clauses of Reason".
Examples: As/because John worked hard all day, he got tired.
Having worked hard all day, John got tired
Because I was not told to come at nine, I arrived late.
Not having been told to come at nine, I arrived late.
As/because I had never studied English before, I failed the exam.
Never having studied English before, I failed the exam.
1. As/because I had left my wallet at home, I couldn't pay for die meal.
2. Since/because I have lost my job, I am now unemployed.
3. Because I had La ugh I my son to swim. I let him go swimming alone.
4. As/because we had not seen each other for ages, we had a chat for hours.
5. Since/because we had never been to the city before, we bought a guide-book.
6. As/because George has worked hard, he will probably be promoted7. I didn't see the letter. I didn't know what ii was about.
8. As/because he had drunk too much at the party Johnny had a terrible headache.
9. As/because he had been warned that bad weather lay ahead, he changed course.
10. As/because I was deeply shocked, I made up my mind not to speak to her again.
11. Jane forgot to lake her book. She is unhappy now.
12. Tom had broken his leg. He didn't take part in the tennis tournament.
13. I had broken her heart. I went back to apologize.
14. As/because I didn't notice the Time, I missed the train.
15. Since/because I didn't have any money, I couldn't go to the concert with her.
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EXERCISE 201 PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)

Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of
Time and Reason.
Examples:
After I have talked to my father, I led much better.

(After) having talked to my father, I felt much better.
When Isabel saw the police, she got frightened.
Having seen the police, Isabel got frightened.
As / because Sabrina finished the job, she gave a sigh of relief.
Having finished the job, Sabrina gave a sigh of relief,
I didn't see the letter. I didnt know what it was about.
Not having seen the letter, I didnt know what it was about.
1. As/because I have acted upon your recommendation, I have decided to be a pilot.

2. Tom had broken his leg. He didn't take part in the tournament.
3. I have broken her heart. I went back to apologize.
4. Matilda saw her ex-husband. She became worried.
5. Jack had taken off his overalls and now wore a suit.
6. Once / when she had said good bye to Gila, she packed her bags.
7. My mother gave Melanie her breakfast and then watched her eat it.
8. As I spent the whole afternoon watching TV, I didnt manage 10 finish my homework.
9. When I had spent all my money, I asked my brother to lend me some.
10. The postman was out of breath after he had run so far.
11. As I drank some coffee last night, I couldnt go to sleep until three in the morning.
12. As I have lived in Hong Kong for twelve years, I have a wide knowledge of China.
13. After he had eaten so much at dinner, he suffered from indigestion.
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14. After I had made a reasonable amount of money, I didnt need to do any more work.
15. As/because Sheila had worked all day, she got tired.
EXERCISE 202 : PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)
Rewrite the following sentences using a "Perfect Participle Phrase" for the "Adverbial Clauses of Time".
(WHEN /AFTER)
+
HAVING +
PAST PARTICIPLE
Example:
Linda saw the police. She became worried.

Having seen the police, Linda became worried.
When Isabel saw the police, she got frightened.
Having seen the police, Isabel got frightened.
After Daniel had finished her dinner, she paid the bill.
(After) having finished her dinner, Daniel paid the bill.
1. After I had eaten lunch, I went out to play football.

2. After Janine had done her shopping, she went for a swim.
3. When Rainbird has typed the letter, he will go to the theatre.
4. When she found a good job, Emily began to look for a flat.
5. When I heard a noise in the street, I looked out of the window.
6. When I found the front door open, I became suspicious.
7. After I looked up their number in the phone book, I phoned again.
8. Alter she paid / had paid at the cash desk, she left the supermarket.
9. When he passed the ball to Peter, he ran towards the penalty area.
10. Alter I have talked to my father, I feel much better.
11. Melinda saw her ex-husband. She became worried.
12. After I had finished decorating, I felt completely exhausted.
13. After the judge heard both sides, he gave his verdict.
14. When the woman got off the bus, she saw a man with a bear.
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EXERCISE 203 : PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (SAME SUBJECTS)

Rewrite the following sentences using either a "Present Participle Phrase" or a "Perfect Participle Phrase"
Example:
Present Participle:
I was going to the bus-stop. I met an old friend.
Going to the bus-stop, I met an old friend.
Perfect Participle or Present Participle:
I finished my homework. I went to the cinema.
Having finished my homework, I went to the cinema.
Finishing my homework, I went to the cinema.
1. I watched the discussion about boxing on TV I made up my mind not to be boxer.

2. He stole the silver cup. He looked for a place to hide.
3. I stood at the rear window. I used a pair of binoculars.
4. I knew that he was poor. I offered him a proper job.
5. I heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't want to go any further without a gun.
6. I knew that he was hard of hearing. I shouted to him at the top of my voice.
7. She believed that she could trust him. She gave him the cheque.
8. I was very tired. I went straight to bed.
9. Rose complained loudly. She asked the man to wait until she came back.
10. I found him sick. I sent him to (the) hospital right away.
11. I spent three years with him in Paris. I knew what he was interested in.
12. I made up my mind. I got married to the girl I loved.
13. She sat down in the kitchen. She drank her coffee.
14. James came back from his run. He felt good.
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EXERCISE 204 : PRESENT/PERFECT PARTICIPLES (DIFFERENT SUBJECTS)

Combine or rewrite the following sentences using a "Present or Past Participle Phrase". Notice that the
subjects of the two clauses and sentences are different, so we cannot omit the subjects in the Participle
Clauses.
Example:
Present Participle:
As (he dog was barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it.
The dog barking furiously, Silva threw a stone at it.
Perfect Participle:
After her father left/had left the house, I told them the truth.
Her father having left the house, I told them the truth.
1. The restaurant was closed, so we had to go to another one.

2. The bus had gone. I offered her a lift.
3. The children were not sleepy, so we decided to stay a little longer at the party
4. My clothes had been returned to me. I was free to go.
5. The bus drivers were on strike, so we decided to walk to work.
6. The chair leg was in my hand. I stammered an apology.
7. Our clothes were wet, so we decided to sit by the fire.
8. Tears were rolling down her face. Helga screamed more loudly.
9. The job had been done. I left the house.
10. My son had taken the car. We were forced to travel by car.
11. Maria was ordered to stand for several hours. I soon grew weary waiting for her.
12. The crowds cheered. The royal party drove to die palace.
13. Since / because Natalie had broken her leg, the doctor sent her to hospital.
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14. After the fire had been extinguished, the firemen departed.
EXERCISE 205 : PRESENT/PAST PARTICIPLES

Complete the sentences with the "Present Participle" or "Past Participle" forms of the "verbs" in brackets.
Example :
Present Participle:
It is the most..................................... film I've ever seen, (excite)
It is the most exciting film I've ever seen.
Past Participle:
He became very ...................................... about the Cup Final, (excite)
He became very excited about the Cup Final.
1. We found her .......................................... music in the attic, (listen to)

2. The protestors marched down the street...................................... banners, (wave)
3. The two people ...................................... in the accident are still in a critical condition, (injure)
4. Not...................................... to create a scene, she waited until her husband came, (want)
5. The town ...................................... for the next Olympics was one nobody had expected, (choose)
6. The man ...................................... to repair the television set was useless, (send)
7. He looked at her hard,...................................... her face, (study)
8. Rosemary was in the West Indies ...................................... some friends, (visit)
9. He went into the kitchen ...................................... his coffee, (drink)
10. Not having ...................................... her for many years, I cried with joy. (see)
11. Here is a letter ...................................... by your ex-husband, (write)
12. ...................................... a teacher, you are used to this kind of exercise, (be)
13. Natalie came into my study ...................................... a Russian song, (sing)
14. The concert.................................... by the Orchestra was a great success, (conduct)
15. Rose was sitting there ..................................... the teacher in admiration, (stare at)
16. It is a temporary delay ...................................... by the weather, (cause)
17. The student...................................... to the hospital is very poor, (take)
18. The play which I saw was very ....................................... (interest)
19. The woman ...................................... in the house was crying with fear, (trap)
20. The ...................................... child was waiting in front of the house, (cry)
21. After the exhaustive search, they found the ...................................... children, (miss)
22. Anyone ...................................... by a strange dog should see the doctor, (bite)
23. Most of the people ...................................... to the party were old friends, (invite)
24. There is a student...................................... at the board, (yawn)
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25. What Mary said was very ....................................... (touch)

26. I was trying to save the ...................................... child, (drown)
27. Many children take part in plays ...................................... by their school, (organise)
28. I don't know the number of the books ....................................... (order)
EXERCISE 206 :EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (SO/NEITHER)
Write a short response using "SO" or "NEITHER" to agree with each of the following statements. Use the
words in brackets and the necessary "Auxiliary Verbs".
Examples:
My father speaks English well. (I) ...................

My father speaks English well. So do I.
I go to the cinema every week, (my father) ...................................................
I go to the cinema every week. So does my father.
Melissa wrote the sentence on the board. (Kathleen) ...................................................
Melissa wrote the sentence on the board. So did Kathleen.
My sister doesn't smoke. (I) ...................................................
My sister doesn't smoke. Neither do I.
I didn't have breakfast this morning, (my sister) ...................................................
I didn't have breakfast this morning. Neither did my sister.
1. Our English teacher is very rich, (my father) ...................................................

2. This book isn't very interesting. (Helen's book) ...................................................
3. I will spend my holidays on the island, (my parents) ...................................................
4. We cannot speak English very well, (the teacher) ...................................................
5. My father was in the Turkish Navy, (ray children) ...................................................
6. I wasn't very happy when I was in London, (my friends) ...................................................
7. Betty had an accident yesterday. (I) ...................................................
8. I have been to London many times, (my uncle) ...................................................
9. The teacher isn't interested in history, (the students) ...................................................
10. I couldnt understand the teacher yesterday. (Matilda) ...................................................
11. My father is a generous man. (mine) ...................................................
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12. I am not going to the cinema tonight, (we) ...................................................

13. f have a terrible headache. (Hilda) ...................................................
14. My father doesn't like sitting in the sun. (they) ...................................................
15. We were sitting in the kitchen at six oclock, (my father) ...................................................
16. I am going to complain to the principal. (Mandy) ...................................................
17. The students are listening to the news, (the teacher) ...................................................
18. Jane has just graduated from school. (Angela and Kate) ...................................................
19. I have an appointment with the dentist, (my mother) ...................................................
20. We didn't enjoy the film last night. (Natalie) ...................................................
21. She doesn't have any time to play tennis, (you) ...................................................
22. They were looking for the lost sheep, (we) ...................................................
23. Belinda will go to Germany next month, (they) ...................................................
24. We didn't have a good time at the party. (Betty) ...................................................
25. I couldn't speak English when I was five, (my sister) ...................................................
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EXERCISE 207 :EXPRESSING SIMILARITIES (EITHER/NEITHER)

Complete the following sentences using "EITHER" or "NEITHER" and the necessary "Auxiliary Verbs".
Example:
A: I don't like walking in the rain.

B: I dont, either. Neither do I.
A: I am not listening to the radio.
B: My mother isn't, either. Neither is my mother.
A: My father doesn't speak French.

B: William's father .........................................................................................................................................,
A: I didn't see the accident.
B: We ..............................................................................
A: I can't run very fast.
B: My sister .............................................................
A: We will not send the flowers to Rose.
B: The children ....................................................................................................................................................
A: My English teacher isn't fond of pop music.
B: Mine ....................................................................................................................................
A: They couldn't understand the teacher.
B: Steve Martin ........................................................................................................................................
A: I have never been to Japan in my life.
B: Tom Carol..........................................................................................................................................
A: Cathy wasn't dancing at the party when I got there.
B: Barbara ..............................................
A: Angela hadn't learned Turkish before she went to Turkey.
B: You ....................................................................................................................................................
A: They shouldn't cross the street without looking both sides.
B: Your mother ......................................................................................
A: Veronica was not looking at the paintings on the wall.
B: Patricia .............................................................................
A: My father didn't get up early this morning.
B: My children ............................................................................................................................................
A: They are not jumping up and down on the bed.
B: I...........................................
A: Helen was not in Paris last year.
B: My sister ........................................................................................................
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A: My English teacher will not be very happy if she goes to Paris.

B: The principal....................................................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 208 : CHOICES OR ALTERNATIVE (EITHER ... OR)
Answer the following questions using the "EITHER ... OR" in order to express a Choice or Alternative.
Examples:
A: Are you going to learn French or Spanish.

B: I don't know. I am going to learn either French or Spanish.
A: Will you go to the cinema or stay at home?
B: I am not sure. I will either go to the cinema or stay at home.
A: Which one will tell the truth, your sister or your brother?
B: I am not certain. Either my sister or my brother will tell the truth.
1.A: Must I tell you the truth or go to jail?

B:...............................................................................................
2. A: Can I have tea or coffee?
B:..................................................................................
3. A: Must the students come to school on Monday or Tuesday?
B: .... ..... ... ........ ... ... ... ...................................................
4. A: Shall we go to Ankara by plane or by bus?
B: ..... .. ..... ... ... ... ..... .. ...............................................
5. A: Can I play tennis or basketball?
B: ..................................................................... ...... ...
6. A: Is Lara going to spend her holidays in Italy or in Spain?
B: .................................. .. ........ ...... ... ..... ........ ........... .....
7. A: Are the students at home or in the garden?
B:.............................................. ... .. .... .. .... .. .. .... .... ...
8. A: Is Sandra studying English or Russian?
B:........................................................................
9. A: Which one will meet you at the airport, Martha or Julia?
B: ................. .. ..... ... .. ... ..................
10. A: Are you going to buy a car or a motorbike?
B:..........................................................................
11. A: Should we go to Antalya or Bodrum for our summer holidays?
B:.......................................................................
12. A: What do you think that I should do, study my lessons or go to the party wilh Jane?
B:.........................................................................................
13. A: Which of your brothers will go to university, George or David?
B: ............................................................................
14. A: Are you going to get married to Lillian or Monica?
B: ........ .. ..... .. .... .... .... ...
15.A: Will you go swimming or study for your exam?
B: ...... ..... ... ... .... .... ... .. .. ..... ... ..... ... ...
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EXERCISE 209 : NEITHER ... NOR

Combine or rewrite the following sentences using "NEITHER ... NOR".
Example: Tom is not a good husband. He is not a good father, either.
Tom is neither a good husband nor a good father.
Kate doesn't like fish. Her father doesn't like fish, either.
Neither Kate nor her father likes fish.
I dont like beer and I don't smoke, either.
I neither like beer, nor do I smoke.
1. Anne didn't pass the test. Susan didn't pass the test, either.
2. I don't like cheese for breakfast. My wife doesn't, either.
3. Lora cannot speak Russian. She cannot speak French, either.
4. I havent read the book. I havent seen the play, either.
5. Julia hasn't eaten anything and she hasn't drunk anything, either.
6. They didn't allow her to go to the disco. They didn't allow her to go to the party, either.
7. I didn't see the teacher. I didn't write a letter to him, either.
8. The teacher doesn't play tennis. The children don't play tennis, either.
9. I don't know the teacher. My father doesn't know the teacher, either.
10. Jennifer hasn't got a Mazda. She hasn't got a Toyota, either.
11. I was not hungry. I was not thirsty, either.
12. I cannot make a cake. I cannot make an omelette, either.
13. My sister doesn't like pop music. My brother doesn't, either.
14. Istanbul is not in Africa. Samsun is not in Africa, either.
15. I dont go to church. I don't go to mosque, either
240
EXERCISE 210 : NOT ONLY... BUT ALSO

Answer the following questions using "NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO ".
Example :
A: You speak Spanish. Do you also speak French?

B: Yes, I speak not only Spanish but also French.
A: You locked the door. Did you secure the windows as well?
B: Not only did I lock the door, but I also secured the windows.
A: Turkish people are very hospitable. Are they friendly, too?

B: Yes, ..... ... .. ....................... .. ... ...
................ .... .... ....................... ....
... ........
A: Your parents like classical music. Do they like pop music, too?
B: Yes, ..................... ... .... .. ... .. .... ......................
.. .... .. .... ... ...
..............................
A; You lost your wallet. Did you lose your keys, too?
B: Yes, ..... .. .... ................................. ... ... ..
... ................................. .... ..
.. ..
..
A: Olga failed in chemistry Did she also fail in literature?

B: Yes, ... .... .. ... ................................. .... .... ... ... .... . .............................. .... ... ....
A: Michael is very handsome. Is he very rich, too?
B: Yes, .......... .... ... ... .. ... .. ................................... ..
..... ..... .... ....
.. . ..................... .. . .
A: You visited the National Gallery Did you visit the London Tower, too?
B: Yes, .. ... ........ ............................................... .... ...... ......................................
... ..
A: Your sister made her bed. Did she also do her homework?
B: Yes, .......... .. .... .. .................................. ...
... ... ..
..
.... ... .. .......................
..
A: You returned the money Did you pay interest, too ?

B: Yes, ................ .................. .............................. .
... ... ......... ..
..
.........................
A: Your sister plays the piano very well. Does she play the violin very well, too ?
B: Yes, .... ... ................................................ .... ... ....
................................ .. .... .... .... ... ........
A: You have written the letters. Have you posted them, too?
B: Yes, ........................... .... ...... .. .... ...... ..................... ..
..
..... ............................... ....
A: Miranda passed her exam. Did she get a very good mark, too ?
B: Yes, ................ .........................
.. ..
.. .............................
..
..
..
.. .................
A: You speak German very well. Do you speak Italian very well, too ?
B: Yes, ... ............ .............................. ....... ....................................
..
....... ........ .........
A: You are angry1 with me. Are you angry with my wife, too?
B: Yes, ................................ .. .. ..
.. ............................
..
.. ........................................... .
A: You were a very good singer. Were you a very good pianist, too ?
B: Yes, .... ... .. ..... ....... ...... ................... ..
... .... .............. ..

241
.....
.... ... ... ...
A: Your father is very rich. Is your father very generous, too?

B: Yes,.
......................... .. .. ..
.. ....... ........ ....... ... ... ... . ............ ........ ... .. ... .
EXERCISE 211 : NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO

Combine or rewrite the following sentences using "NOT ONLY ... BUT ALSO".
Example:
Maria has been awarded a prize. Lisa has been awarded a prize, too.
Not only Maria but also Lisa has been awarded a prize.
Isabella is lazy. She is dishonest, too.
Not only is Isabella lazy but she is also dishonest.
1. Julia invited her parents to the party. She invited her friends to the party, too.
2. Peter was a well-known detective. He became a successful writer, too.
3. Roger is a champion athlete. He is a first-class musician, too.
4. Sandra can speak Portuguese. She can speak Spanish, too.
5. Caroline is getting married this month. Pamela is getting married this month, too.
6. The restaurant is dirty. The food is awful.
7. This hotel is very expensive and the waiters are rude.
8. Mandy has helped a lot of people. She has donated a lot of money to charity, too.
9. Melissa made a lot of mistakes. She avoided using verbs in her composition.
10. Jennifer Lopez sings and dances.
11. This exercise is tedious. It is hard, too.
12. Paul smashed a window. He damaged the television set, too.
13. This car is fast. It is economical, too.
14. Smith washed the car. He polished the car, too.
15. This encyclopedia is cheap. It is informative, too.
16. You are funny. You are actually witty, too.
242
EXERCISE 212 : ASKING FOR PERMISSION

Rewrite the following sentences using the structures when we are asking for permission as in the examples
below.
Examples:
I want to close the window.

May I close the window?
Might I close the window?
Can I close the window?
Could I close the window?
Do you mind if I close the window?
Would you mind if I closed the window?
Is it all right with you if I close the window?
Would it be all right if I closed the window?
Do you object to my closing the window?
Do you raise any objection to my closing the window?
Do you have any objection to my closing the window?
1. I want to play the piano.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2.
3.
4.
5.
I want to go to the cinema with my friend tonight.

I want to play hide and seek with my friends in the garden.
I want to turn the radio up a little bit.
I want to take a picture of the villa.
243
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
EXERCISE 213: MAKING SUGGESTIONS

"Make Suggestions" using the sentences given in the imperative form as in the examples below.
Examples:
Have a picnic on the island this weekend.

Let's have a picnic on the island this weekend.
Let's have a picnic on the island this weekend, shall we?
Shall we have a picnic on the island this weekend?
What about having a picnic on the island this weekend?
How about having a picnic on the island this weekend?
Why don't we have a picnic on the island this weekend?
Why not have a picnic on the island this weekend?
We could have a picnic on the island this weekend?
I suggest that we have a picnic on the island this weekend.
I suggest that we (should) have a picnic on the island this weekend.
I suggest having a picnic on the island this weekend.
1. Go to the cinema tonight.

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
2. Visit the Topkapi palace on Sunday.

3. Go for a walk in the park.
4. Go dancing with the girls tonight.
5. Climb up the mountain tomorrow.
6. Buy some flowers for our teacher.
7. Have a cocktail party in your house.
8. Play tennis on Saturday morning.
9. Have a drink at the soda fountain.
10. Fight against the cruel Serbs.
244
EXERCISE 214: MAKING POLITE REQUESTS

Make "Polite Requests" using the sentences given in the "Imperative Form" as in the examples below.
Examples :
Open the window.

Open the window, please.
Please open the window.
Open the window, will you?
Will you open the window, please?
Will you please open the window?
Would you open the window, please?
Would you please open the window?
Can you open the window, please?
Can you please open the window?
Could you open the window, please?
Could you please open the window?
Do you mind opening the window, please?
Would you mind opening the window, please?
Will / Would you be kind enough to open the window?
Will / Would you be so land as to open the window?
Would it possible for you to open the window?
Do you think that you could possibly open the window?
I wonder if you could kindly open the window?
I wonder if you would mind opening the window?
I was wondering if you could open the window?
I will appreciate it if you will open the window?
I would appreciate it you would / could open the window?
1.
Tell me the time.
2.
Show me the way to the train station.
3.
Take the dog for a walk in the afternoon.
4.
Write your name on the board.
5.
Help me with my homework.
6.
Raise your voice.
7.
Turn your radio down a little bit.
8.
Take this book to the teacher.
9.
Check my tyres while I wait.

245
10.
Leave your camera at the desk.
11.
Explain the subject to the students.
EXERCISE 215: MAKING AN OFFER

Rewrite the following sentences using "Shall I...?" as in the example below.
Example :
Do you want me to do the shopping for you?

Shall I do the shopping for you?
Would you like me to help you with your homework?
Shall I help you with your homework?
1. Do you want me to lock the door?

2. Would you like me to write the questions on the board?
3. Do you want me to iron your shirt?
4. Would you like me to type the letter for you?
5. Do you want me to pick some flowers for you?
6. Would you like me to explain the lesson once again?
7. Do you want me to move the furniture?
8. Would you like me to feed the cat?
9. Do you want me to write down the telephone number?
10. Would you like me to count the books on the shelf?
11. Do you want me to open the windows?
12. Would you like me to turn the lights on?
13. Do you want me to take your car to the garage?
14. Would you like me to carry these boxes for you?
15. Do you want me to explain the meaning of this poem?
16. Would you like me to water the flowers in the garden?
246
EXERCISE 216 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE)

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause". Use the Relative
Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example:
The man will be very rich. The man won the first prize last week.
The man who won the first prize last week will be very rich.
1. The girl is very beautiful. She is sitting next to me.

2. The girl is my Talker's secretary. The girl had an accident yesterday
3. The clerk doesn't work here anymore. He was the most impolite person in the world.
4. The boy threw a stone at me. He has just gone to the cinema with his friend.
5. The woman is in love with my brother. She has been living in Italy for a long time.
6. The man rushed into the bank. He was wearing a silk slocking over his face.
7. The article was about the Turkish troops in Iraq. It was criticized by the press.
8. The books are lying on the table. They are very interesting. .
9. The man has been arrested by the police. He lives on the third floor.
10. The woman cannot play tennis very well. She has poor eyesight.
11. The fire started on the third floor. It destroyed the whole building.
12. The aeroplane frightened the students. It was flying very low over the school.
13. The story was very amusing. It was told by my teacher yesterday.
14. The doctor is on holiday now. He usually attends my mother.
15. The roads will he blocked with snow soon. They lead to Artvin.
16. The men have been put in prison. They shot the seals last week.
247
EXERCISE 217: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (SUBJECTIVE CASE)

Pronouns "WHO", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example:
I know the girls. The girls went to Paris last week.

I know the girls who went to Paris last week.
1. I saw the woman. The woman dropped her purse on the bus yesterday.
2. I visited the man. The man used to live with my family years ago.
3. I am going to get married to the man. He went to London on business last week.
4. Where can I catch the bus? It goes to Piccadilly Circus.
5. They put the blame on the woman. She was seen getting on a train two days ago.
6. The robber pointed his gun at the clerk. The clerk was at the party last night.
7. Our neighbour saw the thief. The thief was wearing blue jeans.
8. I have a friend. He has been running a shop in Athens for a long time.
9. My friend lives in a house. The house is on the river.
10. The policeman is looking for a man. The man left his car in front of the hospital.
11. My teacher gets impatient with the students. They are uninterested and inattentive.
12. Peter took the place of the performer. He had been injured in a car accident.
13. The train was crowded with the students. They were all very friendly.
14. The police are looking for a woman. She is thought to be very dangerous.
15. This method was widely used to cure the patients. They were mentally ill.
16. I have a friend. He has never been to the cinema in his life.
248

Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM1', "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example:
The man is rolling in money. You see the man over there.
The man (who / whom) you see over there is rolling in money.
1. The woman has just deserted me. I got married to the woman for her money.
2. The pictures have been stolen by a thief. The woman painted them on the island.
3. The woman has gone to live in Spain. I met the woman at a party a few weeks ago.
4. The girl is my sister. You have just told her the story.
5. The ring was not diamond. My friend bought the ring for his sweetheart,
6. The (flowers smell very nice. I cut them this morning.
7. The girl was a teacher. I introduced the girl to my family the other day.
8. The money should be spent on food. They will spend the money on drink.
9. The man was a sales representative. I talked to him in the shop a few days ago.
10. The woman has been given the job. They interviewed the woman yesterday.
11. The drugs only exacerbated the pain. The doctor gave the drugs to me yesterday.
12. The film was terrible. We saw the film last week.
13. The little girl was very poor. The sailors found her on a deserted island the other day.
14. The novels are very difficult to read. He wrote the novels late in life.
15. The sights interested him a great deal. The sailors saw the sights in Istanbul.
16. The houses are very expensive. My father wanted to buy them last week.
249

Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example:
I love the teacher. You saw the teacher in the park the other day,
I love the teacher (who / whom) you saw in the park the other day.
1. I am in love with the woman. I saw the woman at the theatre last week.
2. I will sell the antiques. I found them in my grandmother's attic.
3. Everybody knows the girl. You met her at the party last night.
4. I am cross with the girl. My father advised her to see a doctor right away.
5. I am riding on the animal. My father bought it last week.
6. I had a row with the girl. I gave her a colourful book last week.
7. I cannot find the book. I was reading it last night.
8. I didn't like the present. John gave it to me yesterday.
9. I like the sweater. My mother made it for me.
10. My father hung the picture on the wall. He had painted it when he was on the island.
11. Mary has a bicycle. She rides it every weekend.
12. Helen has lost the ruler. She bought it yesterday.
13. I am wearing the shoes. My uncle bought them for me last week.
14. The woman pointed her gun at the doctor. I met the doctor at the airport last night.
15. She told us a story. I didn't believe it.
16. Someone has stolen the pencil I laid it on the table a few minutes ago.
250
EXERCISE 220 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (POSSESSIVE CASE)

Pronoun "WHOSE".
Example :
The girl is my daughter. You heard her beautiful voice yesterday.

The girl whose beautiful voice you heard yesterday is my daughter.
1. The little boy couldn't go to school. His arm was broken last week.
2. Lucy got married to a man. His family lives in Madrid.
3. The lady went to Barcelona. Her villa was sold at a low price last week.
4. The man is a war hero. His father was sent to prison last week.
5. The old man lived alone. His house was broken into last night.
6. The girl cried bitterly. Her doll got broken last night.
7. The man must be worried. I found his keys on the floor yesterday.
8. The car will be sold at a low price. Its owner is a famous play-wright.
9. I have seen the car. They had smashed up its fenders.
10. The policeman speaks French wonderfully. His family stayed in France for four years.
11. The lady has just bought a dog. I am staying at her house.
12. The car was hit by a driver. Its insurance had expired a short time ago.
13. He has written a book. I have completely forgotten its name.
14. The man seems to be very happy. His house is full of children.
15. The man has gone to Paris. I visited his house the other day.
16. The girl was saving money to go to the Netherlands. Her father works in a bank.
251

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause" Use the Relative
Adverb "WHERE".
Example:
This is the hotel. My parents stayed there (at the hotel) last year.
This is the hotel where my parents stayed last year.
This is the hotel at which my parents stayed last year.
This is the hotel which my parents stayed at last year.
1. I am eager to visit the house. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk was born there.
2. The shop was full of people yesterday. We bought the camera there.
3. The restaurant will be sold at a very high price. We spent the night there.
4. I am fond of the city. We had such a good time there.
5. The old man went to the hospital. His son is working there as a doctor.
6. I cannot remember the address. I sent the package there.
7. The room was very dark. The exam was being given there.
8. We went to the island. We lived there for a couple of weeks last year.
9. We had a cellar underneath the house. My mother used to do the washing there.
10. We went to the dining-room. My sister was busy setting the table there.
11. The house has been demolished. I spent my childhood there.
12. The hospital is a very good one. My father was treated there last year.
13. I would like to return to the town. I was born there.
14. Could you tell me the nearest place? They sell stamps there.
15. The child was abandoned in the forest. He was at the mercy of the beasts there.
252

Adverb "WHEN".
Example:
July is the month. The weather is usually the hottest then.

July is the month when (in which) the weather is usually the hottest.
1. It is the hour of the day. All the activities slow clown then.
2. We went to the island in May. All trees blossom then.
3. He came to Turkey in 1998. His company opened a new office then.
4. The day was very windy. You last saw Mary then.
5. I remember the morning. The soldiers left the city then.
6. Last summer was the time. I learned how to swim then.
7. The time hasn't been set yet. The exam is going to be given then.
8. Tom studied about the period. The discovery was made then.
9. I will never forget the time. George came to school then.
10. Can you suggest a time? It will be convenient to meet then.
11. It was the day. My mother saw a lemon tree for the first time then.
12. That was the day. I got my first job then.
13. She has been having problems since the day. My grandmother died then.
14. My father was visiting the town on the day. The war broke out then.
15. 1960 was the year. Our wedding took place then (in that year).
16. Sunday is the day. I get up late then.
253
EXERCISE 223 : DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES (PREPOSITIONS)

Pronouns "WHO", "WHOM", "WHICH" or "THAT".
Example:
The girl lives in Paris. I am in love with the girl.

The girl (who / whom) I am in love with lives in Paris.
The girl with whom I am in love lives in Paris.
1.The school was founded in the fifteenth century. My children go to it.

a..........................................................................................................
b.........................................................................................................................
2. The car had been stolen. The robbers got away in it.
a.................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
3. The man gave me different information. I spoke to him this morning.
a............................................................................................................................................................
b......................................................................................................................
4. The hospital enjoys a good reputation. I am employed in the hospital.
a..........................................................................................................................................................
b.......................................................................................................................
5. My father is using a computer. I am not familiar with it.
a...........................................................................................................
b........................................................................................................................................
6. The chair is not comfortable. You are silting on it now.
a.................................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
7. The girl comes from Italy. I shared the room with her when 1 was in London.
a.....................................................................................................
b..............................................................................................................................
8. The room is on the second floor. We study in the room.
a.....................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
9. I want to buy the book. Everybody is talking about it.
a........................................................................................................................................................
b.....................................................................................................................................................................
10.The club is very expensive. Many entertainers belong to it.
a.......................................................................................................................................................
b.................................................................................................................................
11.The man has got married again. I bought this car from him last month.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12.The woman has left for Paris today. You were sitting next to her at the cinema.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13.The elephant was brought from India. The children were riding on it half an hour ago.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14.The hook belongs to my brother. You took a page out of the book.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------254
15.The city has a lot of interesting places. We are now flying over the city.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16.The house will be on sale pretty soon. They are looking at the house.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17.The man is my uncle. Mary spoke of him a minute ago.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19.Can you show me the house? Atatrk was born and brought up in it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20.The part of the city was near the castle. I was talking about it last night.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21.The man is very old. We often go to him for advice.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22.The girl is still unmarried. Some of the children take piano lessons from her.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23.The address was wrong. Melissa sent the letter to the address.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24.The officer has just got married. We were having a chat with him at the party.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25.The treaty was signed yesterday. We have been talking about it for days.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26.All the efforts were useless. He was very proud of them.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27.The project was cancelled. My sister was working on it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28.The train was very crowded. We were travelling on/in it yesterday.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29.I enjoyed the music. I listened to it last night.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30.The vehicle was involved in a road accident. The goods were being transported in it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31.The thing was really of little importance. You were arguing about it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32.We regret to inform you that the book is unobtainable. You inquired about it,
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33. The house is in need of considerable repair. I live in it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------255
34.The house had just caught fire. The people ran out of it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35.The hotel is located in the centre of Rome. You are going to stay at it.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36- The students are from Morocco. My brother is in close contact with them,
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37- The lady is my aunt. I introduced you to her the other day.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------38. It was Helen. William borrowed the money from her.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------39. The documents appear to have been mislaid. You refer to them.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------40. The man is ill today. I usually drive to work with him.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41. It was John. We had to wait for him so long.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42. The woman pays me a fair salary. I have been working for her for a long time.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43. The man is the director of the film. You should send your application
to him.
a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------b---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
256

Describe the people, using a "Relative Clause". Use the Prompts on the list below.
* He acts on the stage.
* He always steals things and can't stop doing it.
* He steers a ship.
* He kills a famous or important person.
* He flies a plane.
* He treats sick people.
* He treats our teeth.
* He works for a newspaper.
* He sells meat.
* He collects stamps.
* He bakes bread.
* He looks after patients in hospitals.
* He repairs cars.
* He buys or sells goods in large quantities.
* He sets fire to property

Example :
A: What is an actor?
B: An actor is a person who acts on the stage.
1. A: What is a doctor?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
2. A: What is a mechanic?
B:......................................................................................................................................................................
3. A: What is a captain?
B:.....................................................................................................................................................................
4. A: What is a pilot?
B:...................................................................................................................................................................
5. A: What is a baker?
B:....................................................................................................................................................................
6. A: What is a dentist?
B:.......................................................................................................................................................................
7. A: What is a butcher?
B:
................................................... ..................... .....................................................................................
8. A: What is an arsonist?
B.................................................................... ........................ .......................................................................
9. A: What is a merchant?
B:
............................................. ............................................... ...................... ............................................
10. A: What is a journalist?
B:
...................................................................... ....................... ...............................................................
11. A: What is a nurse?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
12. A: What is a philatelist?
B:.........................................................................................................................................................................
13. A: What is an assassin?
B:....................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
14. A: What is a kleptomaniac?
B:......................................................................................................................................................................
257
EXERCISE 225: DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Answer the following questions using a "Relative Clause" beginning with "WHERE'.
Example :
A: What is a dormitory?
B: A dormitory is a large room where a lot of people sleep.
1.A: What is a nightclub?

B:...............................................................................................
2. A; What is a lunatic asylum?
B:...............................................................................................
3. A: What is an air-port?
B:...............................................................................................
4. A: What is a zoo?
B:...............................................................................................
5. A: What is a greenhouse?
B:...............................................................................................
6. A: What is a dispensary?
B:...............................................................................................
7. A: What is a hospital?
B:...............................................................................................
8. A: What is a library?
B:...............................................................................................
9. A: What is a prison?
B:...............................................................................................
10. A: What is a crematorium?
B:...............................................................................................
11. A: What is an operating theatre?
B:...............................................................................................
12. A: What is a mosque?
B:...............................................................................................
13. A: What is a cemetery?
B:...............................................................................................
14. A: What is an aquarium?
B:...............................................................................................
A: What is an orphanage?
B:...............................................................................................
A: What is a ship-yard?
B:...............................................................................................
A: What is a restaurant?
B:...............................................................................................
258
EXERCISE 226 : NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause".
Example-: Istanbul is a big city Istanbul was the capital of the Ottoman Empire.
Istanbul, which was the capital of the Ottoman Empire, is a big city.
1. Edison was not a brilliant student at school. He invented the light bulb.
2. Dr Smith has come to visit a patient. His car is outside the building.
3. Hamlet is a tragedy. It is a famous play by Shakespeare.
4. Ronald Reagan was the President of the U.S.A. He had once been an actor.
5. My sister wants to speak to you. You met her at the party last night.
6. Tina Turner is loved by everybody. She was born when the Second World War broke out.
7. I am familiar with Mrs. Short. Her daughter lives in New York.
8. The Blue Mosque is famous for its tiles. It has six minarets.
9. These papers belong to Bernard. I am sharing my room with him.
10. Mrs. Fortune was a writer. Her dead body was found in the cellar last night.
11. The German car was driven by an American. It won the race.
12. Did you like my shoes? My father bought them on my birthday
13. The Pyrenees are often covered with snow. They divide Spain from France.
14. Atatrk was a real genius. He is very well-known all over the world.
15. They went to China. They lived there for many years.
16. The Atatrk Dam didn't solve the energy problem. It was built many years ago.
17. I am a student at Leeds University It is in the north of England.
259
EXERCISE 227 : ELATIVE PRONOUNS / RELATIVE ADVERBS

Complete the following sentences with the "Relative Pronouns" or "Relative Adverbs" on the list below.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
RELATIVE ADVERBS
WHO WHICH WHOSE WHOM THAT
WHERE WHY WHEN
1. This is the street.

. ...
I live.
2. The operation ... .... ... was carried out yesterday was a great success.
3. The person .. .. ....... gave you that information must be an idiot.
4. The man ...... .. I loved so much lei t without saying good bye,
5. Mary is longing for the day ... ........ ...they will move out of the city.
6. The shop.. .. ... .. he bought the camera \vas lull of people.
7. The writer..... ...... . books I always enjoy reading is Graham Greene.
8. This is the biggest mushroom..... .. ...... .... . I have ever seen.
9. I will never forget the day .. .. ... .. I went to Paris with my father.
10. I am sorry we have nothing ................. suits you.
11. Mr. and Mrs. Bucket have a small boy ... .. . ... name is Charlie.
12. The day ... ... ..... he left Istanbul for Paris was Monday.
13. The car by.... . .... .. I came is waiting in the street.
14. The reason ..........
they came here is obvious.
15. I cannot remember anything.. ... ..... he said.
16. Do you know the person with .. ..... . my father went to the circus last night ?
17. Is that the address to . .. .
you sent the books?
18. All....... ....
.. glitters is not gold.
19. She was the first woman . .. ............ was elected to Parliament.
20I am trying to find some shoes .... ... ...... match this dress.
21. There are certain days ..... .... people give presents and send cards.
22. I know a girl ... . .... brother is a film star.
23. I cannot remember the place ......
. .. I first fell in love with Deleon.
24. The few books ............ ... they have are all novels.
25. The woman to . ..... .. .... Jane gave the money is very poor.
26.The book for .....................you have been looking is very interesting.
27.We visited Buckingham Palace, ...... ... ..... the Royal family lives.
28. The artist .... .. .... exhibit we saw last night is a pianist also.
29. Maria is the only girl .. .... ..... . understands me.
30. Rose is married to a doctor of . ........
you may have heard.
31. The day .. .... .. .. she agreed to marry him was the happiest he had ever had in his life.
32. She has a lot of friends ................. are unemployed.
33. There are some parts of the world .............. ... even now people cannot read and write.
34. There is hardly a moment....... . ... .. I don't think of you, Matilda.
260
EXERCISE 228 : RELATIVE-CLAUSES (MIXED TYPES)

Combine the following pairs of sentences making the second one a "Relative Clause".
1. The theatre opened in 1983. It is on High Street.
2. The pencil is on the table, I write my letters with it.
3. The boy is my brother. He has a red coat on.
4. Do you know the woman? Her luggage has got lost.
5. This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was painted in. 1860.
6. Stratford is the place where Shakespeare was born. It attracts many tourists.
7. The man is my neighbour. The children saw him- in the street yesterday.
8. The man has just gone abroad. His house was sold last month.
9. I left the house at four oclock. They were still arguing then.
10. My father drives very carefully. He has got a Toyota.
11. The Eiffel Tower is the highest construction in Paris. It is the symbol of France;
12. Paul was the first person. I asked for his-advice the other day.
13. This is the person. Mary was talking about.,'
14. It is a shop. You can buy everything you want there.
15. The river is the Thames. It flows through London.
16. I like people. People make me laugh.
17. I saw a naked man. He was looking-at a lovely girl.
18. Ankara is the city. My father has lived there for fifteen years.
19. I cannot remember the name of the man. He invented the telephone.
20. This is the book. I found it yesterday.
21. She is longing for the day. They can move out of the city.
22. The pollution is getting worse and worse. We spoke about it last night at the meeting.
23. We have a little room. We keep our animals there.
24. The woman is a pilot. You met her husband at the cocktail party the other day.
261
25. The man called the police. His car was stolen last night
26. I will never forget the day. I first went to Paris then.
27. The woman was shot in the leg. She tackled the gunman.
28. The event took place several years ago. You were talking about it last night.
29. This is the biggest fish. I have ever seen it.
30. That is the man. His house burned down last week.
31. The girl used to live in London. I cannot remember her name.
32. He took the name from an English river. He had once lived near it.
33. This is a dance contest. It will last round the clock.
34. My father gave some money to the beggar. The beggar was looking very sad.
35. It was a kind of computer. I was not familiar with it.
36. The experiment was a complete success. This theory was based on it.
37. I met the teacher. The girl got married to him last month.
38. The teacher has retired. They were complaining about him.
39. These are cold-blooded creatures. They lay their eggs on land.
40. This symphony is by Mozart. It is called "Jupiter'.
41. It was Mary. She threw a stone at the dog.
42. Composers are highly paid. They write music for films.
43. I know an old lady. The old lady swallowed a spider.
44. Atatrk is greatly admired by everybody in the world. He died at the age of fifty-seven.
45. M Baker will be the guest speaker. You have heard about his book.
262

Rewrite the following sentences using "WITH". Do not use the "Relative Pronouns".
Example:
The girl who had long hair answered the door.

The girl with the long hair answered the door.
1. The boy who has a bicycle is very clever.

2. Do you see the girl who has a red dress?
3. I feel sorry for people who have no homes.
4. John is a man who has a big heart.
5. I saw the man who had a scar on his face.
6. I bought a car which had four doors.
7. He was a nasty man who had a bad temper.
8. The clown who has a big nose made all the children laugh.
9. The man who had three children applied for the job.
10. The woman who has no sins will go to paradise.
11. My parents live in a house which has green shutters.
12. The woman who has a baby in her arms was waiting patiently.
13. The house which has a beautiful walled garden is on sale.
14. I envy people who have no family responsibilities.
15. It was a nice building which had a beautiful garden.
16. A man who has a mask over his face walked past me and entered the shop.
17. The men who have no qualifications at all cannot be accepted.
263
EXERCISE 230 :REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

Combine and reduce the following pairs of sentences using a "Past Participle".
Example :
The student will win the reward. The student is selected by the jury
The student who is selected by the jury will win the reward.
The student selected by the jury will win the reward.
1. The woman was taken to hospital. She was injured in the accident.
2. The operation was a success. It was carried out by a famous surgeon yesterday.
3. The fence has been repaired. It was ruined by the children.
4. The lorry started its journey in Samsun. It was loaded with bricks.
5. The student is in hospital. He has been caught cheating in the examination.
6. I feel sorry for the teacher. He was sacked last week.
7. The classroom was very cold. It had been used lot the exam.
8. All the cars are very cheap. They are manufactured in that car plant.
9. The book will be announced tomorrow. It is selected by the committee.
10. The boy is waiting outside. He was expelled from school for smoking.
11. The debater refuted all the main points. They were made by the opponents.
12. The umbrella belongs to a friend of mine. It was found in the garden.
13. The students were cold and wet. They had been standing in the queue for hours to buy tickets.
14. The houses are comfortable. They are heated by solar energy
15. The man has asked me for ten dollars. He was sitting in the lobby an hour ago.
16. The book was very good. It was recommended by my friend.
17. The packages will be sent back. They are not wrapped correctly.
264

Shorten the relative clauses in the following sentences without using a "Relative Pronoun" and the verb
"BE".
Example:
The picture which is on the wall is very expensive.

The picture on the wall is very expensive.
1. The man who is hi the room is very handsome.

2. The teacher who is in front of the car looks very tired.
3. The man who is on the left of the street is my boss.
4. All the children that were at the party enjoyed themselves very much.
5. The books which are on the floor will be sent to Ankara.
6. The women who are in the examination room are very nervous
7. The bird which is in your hair seems to be wounded.
8. The woman who is in the corner gets up at six oclock.
9. The boy who is on the platform will go to London next week.
10. The jacket which is in the car doesn't belong to me.
11. The girls who are in the photo are wearing mini-skirts.
12. The books which are for this course are very expensive.
13. The ink which is in my pen is red.
14. The school which is in this town is very famous all over the world.
15. The church which is at the end of this street is very old.
16. The passengers who are on the plane are very afraid of hijackers.
17. The birds which are in that tree are singing beautifully.
265

Rewrite the following sentences using a "Full Infinitive". Do not use a "Relative Pronoun".
Example:
The first man who sailed around the world was Joshua Stocum
The first man to sail around the world was Joshua Stocum.
1. Katherine was the first French woman who flew a plane.

2. The only student that passed the exam was Helen.
3. The first guest that arrived at our house was George Benson.
4. The best thing that you can do is to call the police.
5. The first ship that landed in New Zealand won the race.
6. This was the last of colonies that became independent.
7. Melissa will be the last girl who will take the exam.
8. I have a lot of dirty clothes that I must wash.
9. Jackson is the only person that you can trust.
10. Could you give me a book which I can read on the plane?
11. Night is the time when we can relax and watch television.
12. There are some magazines that you can read while waiting.
13. Mustafa Kemal Atatrk was the first Turkish president who saved our country.
14. Janet was the only person that remembered my birthday.
15. The best time when you should do homework is right after school.
16. Barbara was the second woman who shook my hands.
17. Lara hasn't got any money that she can spend on a car.
266
EXERCISE 233: ACTIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES)

Put the following "Active Causative" sentences into the other Tenses as in the example below.
The Present Simple
I make Angela write the letter in English. I have Carol sing a French song. I get Rose to correct my mistake.
The Present Continuous
I am making Angela write the letter in English. I am having Carol sing a French song. I am getting Rose to
correct my mistakes
The Past Simple
I made Angela write the letter in English. I had Carol sing a French song. I got Rose to correct my mistakes.
The Past Continuous
I was making Angela write the letter in English. I was having Carol sing a French song. I was getting Rose
to correct my mistakes.
The Future Simple
I will make Angela write the letter in English. I will have Carol sing a French song. I will get Rose to correct
my mistakes.
Be going to (Future Form)
I am going to make Angela write the letter in English. I am going to have Carol sing a French song. I am
going to get Rose to correct my mistakes.
The Future Continuous
I will be making Angela write the letter in English. I will be having Carol sing a French song. I will be
getting Rose to correct my mistakes.
The Present Perfect Simple
I have made Angela write the letter in English. I have had Carol sing a French song. I have got Rose to
correct my mistakes.
The Past Perfect Simple
I had made Angela write the letter in English. I had had Carol sing a French song. I had got Rose to correct
my mistakes.
The Future Perfect Simple
I will have made Angela write the letter in English. I will have had Carol sing a French song. I will have got
Rose to correct my mistakes.
267
EXERCISE 233 : ACTIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
Susan makes me repeat the sentences.
2.
..... ........... ... ..... ..... ... ... ... .... ...... ..... ....
3.
........ ..... ... ..... ..... ... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ....
4.
.............. .... ..... .......... ......... ..... ..... ..... ....
5.
......................................................................................................
6.
..... ..... ..... ........ ....................................................
7.
............. .... .... ...... ............ .... ... .......... ...
8.
................................ ...................... .... .......... .....
9.
.......................................................................................................
10.
.. ..... .... ..... ..... ... ..... ........... ..... ..... ...... ...
1.I get my father to take me to the cinema.
2.
.. .... .... ... ..... ...................................................... ....
3.
................... .... ..... ... .... ... ..... ........................................
4.
.... ............................................. ..... ..... ..... ..... ... ......
5.
... .............................................. .... ..... ..... ..... .... ......
6.
.. ....................................................... ..... ..... ... .... ....
7.
.. ............................................ .. .... ..... .... ...... ......
8.
. .... ..... ... ..... .............................................. .... .......
9.
.............. ............. ....................................................
10.
............................................. ... .... .... .... .... .... ..........
1.My teacher has me carry the chairs into the staff room.
2.
..... .... ... .... ........................................................................ ..... .... .... ...... ...
3.
............... ... .... .... .... ......................................................... ....... ......... . ....
4.
.. ... .. .... .... .. ..... .................................................... .... .. .... ..
5.
.................................. ........ ... ..... ..... .... ......................................................
6.
..................................... ... ... ... ..... ..... .... .... ..... ... ....................................
7.
..... ..... - - ............................................................................... ..... ..... ....
8.
..... .......... .... ..... ..... ..... ... .. ... ...... ... .. .... .. ... ... ....
9.
... .......... ..... ...... ... .... ..... ... .... ..... ..... ..................... ................
10
... .......... .............. ........... .... ..... .... ..... ...... .... .... .. .... .
My mother makes the man clean the carpets
The nurse has the patient take this horrible medicine.
My friend makes me laugh during the examination.
I have Nancy write a composition for me.
My father lets me play the piano.
We get the teacher to solve all the problems.
The teacher doesn't have the students write a composition.
268
EXERCISE 234 :ACTIVE CAUSATIVES

Example:
Do you always make your friends laugh in the class?

Yes, I always make my friends laugh in the class.
No, I dont always make my friends laugh in the class.
1. Does your teacher make the students clean the board every day?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------2. Did your brother have you iron his shirts yesterday?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------3. Do your parents let you go to the cinema with your friends?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------4. Will your teacher get all the students to learn the poem by heart?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------5. Does your father always make you cry if you go home late?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------6. Has the judge made you tell the truth at the court?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------7. Did the officer have all the soldiers climb up the tree in the garden?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------8. Did your friends get you to play the piano at the party?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------9. Will you let your wife go to the cinema tonight?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------10. Did your father get the mechanic to repair your car yesterday?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, -----------------------------------------------------------------------11. Does your teacher let you use a dictionary during the test?
Yes, -----------------------------------------------------------------------No, ------------------------------------------------------------------------
269
EXERCISE 235 : ACTIVE CAUSATIVES

Make "Causative Sentences" using the following structures. Use "the words" and the "tenses" in brackets.
MAKE
SOMEONE +
DO
SOMETHING
HAVE
SOMEONE +
DO
SOMETHING
GET
SOMEONE +
TO DO +
SOMETHING
Example:
Silvana / write a letter) (The Past Simple)

I made Silvana write a letter.
I had Silvana write a letter.
I got Silvana to write a letter.
1. (always / Isabella / clean the windows) (The Present Simple)

My mother .. ............................... .... ... ........... ................ ... .......................... .. ... ...
My mother .................................. .... ................................ ... ............................... .... .....
My mother .................... .. ........................... . ...... .. ............... .....................
2. (the students / sing our national anthem) (The Present Continuous)
The teacher ..................... ... ..... .......................... ... .... ............................. .... ..
The teacher .......... .... .. .................... ... ... .......................... . .... ..... ...... ...................
The teacher... .................................. ..... ...................................... ..... ............................. ..
3. (my sister / do a lot of housework) (The Past Simple)
My lather .................. .......................... ... ............................. ... .... ........................ .. ....
My lather .... .. .... .............................. .... .. ............................... ...... ..... ............................
My father.. ....................................... ..... ..... ........................................................................
4. (Angela / write a composition) (The Past Continuous)
My brother.............. ... ............................. ... .............................. ..... .............................
My brother.... ........................... .... ............................. ..... .... .......................... ...
My brother ............................ .... ............................ ..... ................................. .....................
5. (my brother / learn the poem by heart) (The Future Simple)
Rose ................... .......................... .......................... ....................... ......
Rose.............. ........................... ..... ...................... ............................ ... ......................
Rose.. ..... ............................. ............................ ....... .............................. .........................
6. (you / solve this problem) (be going to)
Zeynep .... ................................ ................................ ..... ....................... .... ..........................
Zeynep . ......................... ... ......................... ......................... .... .................... ....
Zeynep.............. .. ........................... .... ....................... ..... ..............................
7. (the mechanic / repair the car) (The Present Perfect Simple)
That lady .............................. ..... ......................... .................................... .........................
That lady ......................... .... .......................... ........................... ..... ...................... ..
That lady..................... ... ................... ... .................... .... ...................... .....
270
EXERCISE 236: PASSIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES)

Put the following "Passive Causative Sentences" into the other tenses as in the examples below.
Examples:
1.The Present Simple
Rose gets her eyes tested.
Kate has her car repaired
2. The Present Continuous
Kale is having her car repaired.
Rose is getting her eyes tested
3. The Past Simple
Rose got her eyes tested
Kate had her car repaired.
4. The Past Continuous
Rose was getting her eyes tested.
Kate was having her car repaired.
5. The Future Simple
Kate will have her car repaired.
Rose will get her eyes tested.
6.Be going to (Future Form)
Rose is going to get her eyes tested.
Kate is going to have her car repaired.
7.The future Continuous
Rose will be getting her eyes tested.
Kate will be having her car repaired.
8.The Present Perfect Simple
Rose has got her eyes tested.
Kate has had her car repaired.
9.The Past perfect Simple
Rose had got her eyes tested.
Kate had had her car repaired.
10.The Future Perfect Simple
Rose will have got her eyes tested.
Kate will have had her car repaired.
11.The Present Conditional
Kate would have had her car repaired.
Kate would have her car repaired.
12.The Perfect Conditional
Rose would have got her eyes tested.
Rose would get her eyes tested.
271
EXERCISE 236 PASSIVE CAUSATIVES (ALL TENSES)

1. I have my shoes shined.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. My sister gets the letter translated into English.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. 1. The teacher does not get his trousers shortened.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------272
--------------------------------------------------------------
EXERCISE 237: PASSIVE CAUSATIVES

Answer the following questions using the "Passive Causative" structure below and the "words" in
brackets.
HAVE/GET
Example:
SOMETHING
PAST PARTICIPLE
A: Is the television set working? (television set / repair)

B: Yes, it is. I had/got the television set repaired (by the mechanic) last week.
1.A: Why are you going to the dentist? (tooth / pull out)
B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. A: What do you do when there is something wrong with your car? (car / repair)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. A: What did you do when your jacket got dirty? (jacket / clean)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. A: What will you do if the wall in your house needs painting? (the -wall / paint)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. A: What do you do with your clothes when you lose weight? (clothes / narrow)
B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. A: What did you do when your hair needed cutting? (hair / cut)
B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. A: What does your mother do if there is something wrong with her eyes? (eyes / test)
B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. A: What will you do if there are mistakes in your composition? (mistakes / correct)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A: Why did you go to the Turkish Consulate last Monday? (passport / renew)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. A: What did you do if the knife you used was dull? (knife/sharpen)
B: ...---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. A: What do you do at the air port if you have a suitcase? (suitcase / weigh)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12. A: What do you do if your shoes need shining? (shoes / shine)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13.A: What does your mother do if she has a blood pressure? (blood pressure / check)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14.A: What do you do if you have a pain in your chest? (chest / lest)
B:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15.A: What do you do with your car before you go on holiday? (car / service)
B: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16.A: What will you do if you have an old computer? (a new computer / install)
B: ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
273

Rewrite the following sentences using the Passive Causative structure below.
HAVE
SOMETHING
PAST PARTICIPLE
GET
SOMETHING
PAST PARTICIPLE
Example:
I always shine my shoes. (Active Causative)

I always have my shoes shined. (Passive Causative)
I always get my shoes shined. (Passive Causative)
1. The dentist checks my teeth every six months.

I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. My sister ironed my father's shirts yesterday.
My father ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------My father ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. The secretary has just typed Jane's letters.
Jane ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jane ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. The mechanic is going to repair Helen's car tomorrow.
Helen ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Helen---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. The barber cuts my brother's hair every month.
My brother ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------My brother ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. The eye doctor tested John's eyes last week.
John ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------John ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Some painters are painting the Wilsons' house.
The Wilsons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Wilsons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. The policeman took my fingerprints this morning.
I ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. A pickpocket stole my friend's wallet yesterday morning,
My friend ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------My friend ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. An optician will test my eyes tomorrow.
I---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
274

Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the "verbs' in brackets.
Example:
I (have) .. .... ..... my house (paint)
..
..
. last week.
I had my house painted last week.

1. He must be rich. He always (get) ... ... ...
his shoes specially (make) ... ..................
2. My father (get)...... ... .. his portrait (paint).......... .. .

3. I (have). . ..
... ... this watch (adjust) ..
... .
by a famous artist at the moment.
by the watchmaker last week hut it still goes fast.
4. My father is in poor health. I (have) .. . ....... . .him (examine) ............

5. Now I must (get) ............. these answers (correct) ...
6. The poor wash their own socks, the rich (have)
..
by the doctor tomorrow.
... by the teacher.
. . their socks (wash) ... for them.
...
7. I couldn't mend the chair myself, so I (have).... ....... .... ... it (do)....................by the carpenter
8. People who are very ill (have) .... ... everything (do) .. ...
. for them by others
9. The button has come off and only yesterday I (get) . . . .. it (sew).
..
...
on by my sister.
10. I saw him sitting in the barbers chair. He (have) three things (do) . ...... ............. at the same time.
11. He (have)..................his hair (cut)................ he (have) his shoes (clean)...............and he (get)............his
fingernails (manicure)......................
12. The car is in the garage because I (get)..
13. I (have) .. ..
.. it (service)...............
...
. .... my eyes (test) .......... ........ last month.
14. I (have) .. .... ...... the sentences (write) ..

15. The farmer (get) ........ .. ..
16. My father (have) ..
...
.. on the board now.
his animals (feed) ..
... .. . twice a day.
.. .. the milk-pails (sterilise) ......
17. Judy (get)-- ----- - her wedding dress (make) ..

18. I wish I (have) ... ...... ........... the roof (repair)..
next week.
.. by a fashion shop last week.

..
. ... last year.
19. He writes his reports in English. and then (get)..........them (translate).. into French.
20. If you don't get out of the house, I (have)
... . you (arrest)
21. They (have) . .... .. .... a swimming-pool (build) ... ..

22. We (get).. .... ..
... these floors (polish).
23. I (have) . ... ............ my hair (cut)

24. You must (have) . . ...
25. She (have)... .. ...
26. My sister (get)
..
...
..
..
...
...
... now.
... at least once a year.

when (he lire bell rang.
. your luggage (weigh) ... ....
. the locks of the house (change)
...... .... a couple of dresses (make) .
of America.
275
..
... ..
at the airport.
if she had been sensible.
.. ... .before she goes to the United States
EXERCISE 240 : CAUSATIVES (MIXED TYPES)

Answer the following Causative Sentences on your own.
1.A: Do you always get your car washed?
B: ....... .... . ....................... ... .. .... .......... ............ .. ... .. ........................ .. ... .. .........
2. A: Did you have your mother shorten your trousers yesterday?
B: ........................ .... .. ............................ ... ... ......... .......
.. ..... .. ... ............. .... ..
3. A: When will you have your hair cut?
B: ........ ... ..... ... ...................... .. ..... ... ..... ........ ... .... ... ............. ...... .. ... ...
4. A: Has your mother had the window cleaned?
B: ... .... ....................... ... ... ... ... .. . ......... ......... .... ..... .................... .. .... .....
5. A: When did you get your tooth pulled out by the dentist?
B: .................... . .. .... ...................... ... ....... ........ .. ........... .. .. .. .... ........ ... ..
6. A: Do your parents always get someone to cut the grass m the garden?
B: ........ ......................... .. .... ..................... ... ... ............. ... ................. .... ... .................
7. A; Did your teacher make you repeal the sentences aloud yesterday?
B:... .............. .... .... ............... .... .... ................... .... ............. .. .....
........... .... ...
8. A: Do you always make your friends laugh in the class?
B:
................ ... ........................ .... ..................... .. ............... ..... .... ............. .. ..
9. A: Does your father let you watch the TV at night?
B: ............. .. .............. .... ... ................. ...... ... .......... ... ..... ....... .. ... ... ... .......
10.A: Will your father let you go out with your friends tonight, I wonder?
B: .... ............... ....... .. .................. ... ...... ................. ... .. .... ..... .. .... ... .. .......... ..
11.A: Did you get the tyres of your car inflated to the correct pressure?
B: ................... .... ...................... .... ......................... ... ................ .... .................. ..
12.A: Who made you cry this morning in the garden?
B: ...... .... .... ................ .. .. ..................... .... .. .............. ... .. ............ .. .. ............
13.A: Are you having your car repaired by the mechanic this afternoon?
B:... .... .. .... .............................. ..... ... .. . ....................... ... ... ............................ ...
14.A: Is your father going to have a swimming-pool built in your garden?
B: ..................... ... .... ............................. .. .... .................. ... .... .................... .. ... ..
15.A: When did you last get your watch repaired?
B: ......................... ... .... ..................... .... .... ........................ .... .................... .. ... ... ..
16.A: When are you going to have your blood pressure checked?
B: ..... ............................ ............................. ... ........................ ....................... ...
17.A: Did your friends make you stay at their house last night?
B: ...... .... ............................... ... .... ..................... .... .. ... .................... ... ..............
18.A: Will your friends be able to get the administration to support this plan?
B: .. ..... ....................... ... ... .... ... ..................... .. .... ... .. ............. .. ... ... ..........
276
EXERCISE 241: REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT)

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the Reporting Verbs
as in the example below.
Direct
Reported:
Olga says / said, "I will go to Paris tomorrow."

a. Olga says that she will go to Paris tomorrow.
b. Olga said that she would go to Paris the next day.
1.James says /said, "I always get up at six oclock in the morning".
a. James says.......... ..... ................. . . ... .. ................ .. .. .... .. ......... - .. .. ...... ... b. James said ....... . .... ... ... ....... .
... .. ........
... .
...... ... ... ..
........... ... ...
2. The children say / said, "We will go to the cinema tonight".
a. The children say .. .. ... .. ................... ... ....... . ..
.. ............. .. .. ...... .. .....
b. The children said ................................. .... ... .. ..
............ .. . .. ..... ..... . ................
3. Janet says / said, "I wrote a letter to my father yesterday".
a. Janet says ......... ...... ....... .. ... ............................ .. .. ... ... ............................... .... .. ..
b. Janet said ....................................... .. ... ... ....... ............................. .. ... .... ........................
4. They say / said, "We saw a very good play at the theatre last night".
a. They say ... ... ... ........... ............... .. .. .... ..... ............................. ... ... ..... .... .. ...
b. They said ............................ ...... .. .... ... .. .. .... .............. . . .. ... ... ..... ............ .... ..
5. Catherine says / said, "I was listening to the radio at seven oclock this morning".
a. Catherine says................................ ....... ........................................... .. .. .... ......................... ...
b. Catherine said......... .. ................................... .. .. .... .................................... .. ... .. ....
6. My father says/said, "My aim is to set up a new political party in Turkey".
a.My father says............................. ... ... .... ....................................... ..... ... ....
b. My father said..................... .... .. .. .................................. .. .... ..... .... ............................. ...
7. Peter says / said, "I paid the bill the day before yesterday".
a. Peter says........ .... ... .. .. .. ....................... ... .... .. ... .. ....................... .. .. .... .
b. Peter said ...................... ... .... .......................................... ..... ... .................................. ... .... ...
8. Maria says / said, "There were a lot of people at the cinema last night".
a. Maria says. .. ... .................................. ... ... ..................................... ..... .... ..... .....
b. Maria said ... .... .. ................................. .. .. .... ................................. .... ... .... ............ ...
9. The governor says / said, "The school will be opened the day after tomorrow".
a. The governor says.. .. .... ......................... .. ... .... ..
..................... .. ... .... ... ............... ...
b. The governor said... .... ... .. ...................... ... .. .... ... .. .................... ... .... .. ... ...
10. The man says/said, "My sister was in South Africa three years ago".
a. The man says .................. ... .... ............................... .. .. ..... .................................. .. ..... ...
b. The man said ........................ .. .. .... ............................. ....... ..... .... ....................... .. ... ...
11. Mge says/said, "I was working for (he same firm in those days".
a. Mge says...... ...................... .... .... ..... ...
.......................... .. .... ... ......................... .... ...
b. Muge said ......... ... ... ... .................... ..... .... ....................... ... . ................ .. ... ... .. ........ .
12. Jane says / said, "I am playing the piano at the party now".
a. Jane says .............................................. .. ... ... .. ..... .. .. ............................... .............. . .. ...
277
b- Jane said .................................................... .... ....... .... .. .. ... ... ... ... ... .. . . ..... ........
13. The workers say / said, "We didn't have breakfast this morning".
a. The workers say............................................. .................... .. .. .. ... ..... ... ... ..
.. ...
b. The workers said ............................ ....... . .. .... .. ... ... ..... .... .... .. ... ... .. .. ...
14. Charlotte says /said, "I have a lot of friends in Istanbul".
a. Charlotte says ......................... .......... ..... ... ... ...... ..... .. .. ... .... .............. .............. ...................
b. Charlotte said ......................... ..... ... ... .... ...... ..... ...... .. ...............................................................
15. Diana says / said, "I fell in love with my English teacher ten years ago".
a. Diana says.. .... .... .... .. ................................................... .... .... .....................................................
b. Diana said.. .... .............................................. .... ...... .................................... .... .... ... .. ...........
16. Charles says / said, "The birds were singing in the tree this morning".
a. Charles says .... ... ..... ................................................. ... ... ... .................................. ...... ..: ..
b. Charles said .. ... .. ................................................ .... .... .................................... . ... .. ... ..
] 7. Rose says / said, "I am going to see the admiral next week".
a. Rose says .... .. ..................................... .... .... ... ....................... ... ... ... ...... ... ....................
b. Rose said .... .. ................................ ..... ... .. .. ........................... ... .. ... ... . ....................
18.Hilda says / said, "I will be visiting the museum tomorrow afternoon".
a. Hilda says.. .... ................................................. .. .... .. ............................. ..... ....... .. ...
b. Hilda said.. .. ... .. .... .. ...................................... .. ..... ... .. ..... ................................ ... ....
19.Henry says/said, "I will get married the day after tomorrow".
a. Henry says .... .... ...................................................... .... .... .......................................... ... .. ....
b. Henry said ................................... ... .. ... ........................... ...... .... ..... .... .... .............................
20.Lolita says / said, "I was very much worried about my father's health".
a. Lolita says .. ......... ... .............................................. ..... ... ............................................... ... ..... ..
b. Lolita said .. .... ... ..... ................................................. ... .... .... .. ..................................... . ..
21.Kate says / said, "The Members of the Parliament think of nothing but money".
a. Kale says ... .. ... ... ........ .... .... .... .... ....... ..... .... ... .... ... .... ... ..... ..... .. .... ....
b. Kate said..... .. ... ... ....... .... ...............................................................................................
22.Claudia says / said, "I am determined to quit my job next month".
a. Claudia says ........................................ ... .... .... ..... ............................................... .... .... ... ... ...
b. Claudia said ............................................. ... .... .... ......................................... .... ... .... ... ... ...
23.Carol says / said, "I am not in good mood today".
a. Carol says.............................. .. ..... .... ..... ... ......................................... ... .. ... .. .... .......
b. Carol said ......... .......... ..... .. ..... ... ... ... .................................. .... .... ... .. .. ..............
24.The teacher says / said, "The match will take place the day after tomorrow".
a. The teacher says .. .... ... ... .... ... ........................................ ... .. .. ... ... ...................
b. The teacher said .. ......... ... ..... ..... .................................................... .. .. .. .... ..... .. .......
25.Lora says/said, "I have studied German for four years, but I cannot speak it yet".
a. Lora says. .... ...................................... .. .... ... ..... ... .... ... ..... .. ...
. .. ... ... ..............
b. Lora said ......................................................... ... ... ... ... .... ...... ... .. ... ..... ..........................
26.Roger says / said, "My wife is expecting me to do the housework".
a. Roger says. .... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ........... ......................................................... .. ..
b. Roger said. .. .... .. .... ... .... ... ... .... .... .... ... .. .. ............. ..... ..... ..... .......... .... .
27.The man says / said, "The train was held up for two hours this morning".
a. The man says .. ... .. ... .. ... .... .... .... ....... ..... ... .... ..... ..... .... .... . .. ............................
b. The man said .... .... .... .. ... ... .. .. .. .. ...... ... ....... ................ ....... ................ .............. .
28.Chopin says / said, "Many people don't know the meaning of political immunity".
278
a. Chopin says .... ......... ... ..... .... ................................................................... ... .... ... .... .. ...
b. Chopin said ...... .... ..................................................................... ... ... ... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .. ....
.
EXERCISE 242 : REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT)
Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" paying attention to the tense of the "Reporting
Verbs" as in the example below.
Direct
Jane says / said to me, 'I don't like my history teacher."
Reported :
Jane tells me that she doesn't I like her history teacher.

Jane told me that she didn't like her history teacher.
1.Lisa says/said to Paul, "I saw your father last week".

a. Lisa .... ............................................................ .... ..... .... ... .... ...... .....................................................
b. Lisa.... .......................................... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ........ ................. ...... .. .. .. .. ... .. ...
2. Helen says / said to him, "I was at the party with your friend yesterday".
a. Helen ........................................... ... ... ... ... ..... .................................... .. ..... ..... ... ....
b. Helen .. ....................................... .... .... ...... ................ .... ..... .......................................
3. Lora says / said to the boys, "You are lazy and unreliable".
a. Lora.. ..... ... .................................. .............................................. ... ............................................. ... ...
b. Lora ... .......................... ... .. .... .. ......................... .... .... ....................... .. .. .... ... .....................
4. Mar}' says / said to me, "You didn't do your homework last night".
a. Mary....................... ..... ... .. ................................. .... ... .......... ......... .. ... ... ........................
b. Mary ............................... .... ......... ..................... ............................... .. .......................................
5. Jane says / said To Tom, "My father will be sent to Spain next year".
a. Jane .............................. .... .. ........................................... ... ................................ ... .... ..
b. Jane .................... ... ... ............................ ... ... .......................... ... .. ......................... . .. ...
6. Wendy says / said to Fred, "My mother was mending your socks this evening".
a. Wendy .. .......................................... .... ... .............................. ... ............................. .... ... .... ... .....
b. Wendy .. .... ... .................. ....... .... ..... ..... .... .......................... . .. ................................... ... ..... ...
7. Belly says / said to Mike, "You are going to be punished the day after tomorrow".
a. Belly .... .................... .. ... ................................... ..... .... .... ........... .......... ....... . .. .... ...
b. Belly..... ..... ......................... .... ..... ............................... ... .. .. .. . ..._...........
8. Kale says / said to Philip, "I am going to wake you up tomorrow morning".
a. Kate.................................... .......... ......... .................................................................. .. ... .. .... .....
b. Kate ............................... .. .. ... ... ................................................... ............ ..
9. She says / said To the children, "I have already seen this film three times".
a. She ........ .. ... ..... ................................................ .... ..... .......................................... .. .. ... .... ..... .
b. She ........... .... ....... .. .. ................................. ........ .. .................................. ...... . ......... .
10. The judge says/said to the man, "The jury has found you guilty".
a. The judge ....... ....................................................... .... ... ......... ................................ ... ... ...
b. The judge ........................................... .... .... .... . .. ............................................ .... ........... .....
11. Gloria says/said to me, "My son has been studying medicine for a long time".
a. Gloria ...................... ... ... ...... ........................ ....... .... .. .... .......................................... ..... ...
b. Gloria ......... .. ... ........... ........................................ .... ..... .... ... ............................................ ......... ...
279

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the other "Reporting Verbs" on the list below.
DENY
OFFER
ACCUSE
ADVISE
SUGGEST
ADMIT
PREDICT
PROMISE REMIND
a. Direct
DOUBT
BOAST
APOLOGIZE
: Selda said, "No, I don't have any love affairs with Danny".
b. Reported : Selda denied that she had any love affairs with Danny.
1.Peter said, "No, I didn't punch anybody at the end of the match".
Peter ............................................................................. .... ..
..
..
..
..
..
.. .. ... ... .
2. Susan said, "Lets go for a walk in the forest".

Susan .... .... ... ..
... .... ....
. .
...
..
..
..
.. ....... ... ................................................. .....
3. Sally said to Gilda, "You had better make your complaints to the manager".
Sally...
... .. ... .. ... .. .... ... .... ..
..
..
..
..
.. . .... ....
....... ......... ............................. ... ..
4. Pamela said, "I am awfully sorry that I have made a silly mistake".
Pamela ... ... .. ... .
.. .. .... ..
....
..
...
..
..
. . ....
.. . ..... .. ..... .... ... ... ..... ..... ..
5. My father said to me, "I think that you will be in charge of the whole company".
My lather................ ........ .. ... ..
........
... ..... ... ...
..
...
.. ...
. .
.... ..........
6. Cathy said, "I am very glad that I have never had an accident in my life".
Cathy ..
.. .... ..... .
.. .. .... ..
..
..
..
....
...
..
....
.. ....
.. ....
.......
7. Matilda said to me, "Okay, I will never try to hide your pencil again".
Matilda ........................ ...... .... ... ... ... .... ... ...
.... ...
... ... ..... .... ...
.. .....
..
8. Rose said, "I don't really think that it will rain in the afternoon".
Rose
.... ... ... .. .... .... ... .. ..
.... ... ..
...
..
.....
..
... ....
..
..
..
.. ..
.. ..
9. Sheila said, "Yes, of course, I will give you a lift, Mge".

Sheila ................................................................................................. ................. ..... .......... ....
10. David said, "I am sorry that I have broken my teacher's heart".
David. ... .... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .... .... ..
.... ...
..
... ...
..
... ... ... ..
... ..
... ... ..
11. Diana said, "Don't forget to bring your camera to the party, Kate"
Diana ..... ...
.. ... ... . ... .......... ......... .... . ...................................................................................
12. Selcuk said, "Eel me carry your suitcase, Rosemary".

Selcuk.... .... ... .. .... ..... ... .. ... ..... ..
..
... ....
..
..
... .... ....
..
..
..
.. .. .. ... ..
13. The actor said. "All right, it was my fault. I was nervous during the performance".
The actor ...................... ...... .... ....................................................... ...................... ........ ..... .. ..
14. The inspector said, "You murdered the poor woman, didn't you, Ruth!"
280
. ... .
The inspector ........................ .......................................................... ......................... ....................... ............

15. Roger said, "Don't worry, Hilda, I will bring you your camera back tomorrow".
Roger
... .. .... ..
.. ... .... .. ... .... ... .... ..
...
..
... ....
... .... ... .... .. ... ... ... ... ...

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" as in the example below.
Direct
Reported:
Tom said, "I was swimming when Helen came".

Tom said that he was swimming when Helen came.
Tom said that he had been swimming when Helen came.
1. Donna said, "I was living in Egypt when the war started".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Paul said, ''We were walking in the street when it began to rain".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Mandy said, "I was playing the piano when my lather came home".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. William said, "My sister was working as a secretary when she got married".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Julia said, "The children were quarrelling when my father entered the room".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. She said, "The boy was playing cards when his mother shouted at him'"'.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Susan said, "Rose was swimming in the sea when the telephone rang".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Carol said, "I was driving home from the theatre when the police stopped me
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. Eileen said, "My mother was watching television when the lights went out".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Zeynep said, "Peter was lying in bed when the clock struck seven".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. Nancy said, "My father was watering the flowers when the taxi came".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
281

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" as in the examples below.
Direct
: Frank said, "I was swimming while Helen was dancing".
Reported : Frank said that he was swimming while Helen was dancing.
Frank said that lie had been swimming while Helen was dancing.
Direct
: Sue said, "I did my hair while they were repairing the car".
Reported : Sue said that she did her hair while they were repairing the car.
Sue said that she had done her hair while they were repairing the car.
1. Eliza said, "My sister was singing a song while I was having a bath".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. Peter said, "I was reading my book while Jack was doing his homework".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Angela said, "I was having a chat while the teacher was doing English".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. Rose said, "I was writing a letter when my father was listening to the news".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Julia said, "The police were following the thief car while I was shouting".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. Cathy said, "I was making a cake in the kitchen as my sister was watching the TV".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Lucy said, "My father came home while my mother was listening to the radio".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Kate said, "I left the party as the students were having a good time".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. Sally said, "I jumped off the bus while it was moving".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. Olga said, "I laid the table when the children were discussing the matter".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
282

Verb". Use the reporting verb "ask" only.
Direct
Reported :
Janet says / said to me, "How often do you go to the cinema?"

Janet asks me how often I go to the cinema.
Janet asked me how often I went to the cinema.
1.I say / said to Linda, "What time do you have breakfast in the morning?"
I ask. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2.Jane says / said to me. "When does your father go to work?"
Jane asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jane asked
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.Paul says / said to Helen, "How old is your son?"
Paul asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paul asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4.The teacher says / said to Mar}', "Where are your friends playing tennis?"
The teacher asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The teacher asked -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. Gloria says / said to the man, "What do you know about the bank robbery?"
Gloria asks -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Gloria asked -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. I say / said to Lisa, "When did you eat your breakfast?"
I ask. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I asked ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. Alice says / said to me, "How many letters did you write to your wife last week?"
Alice asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Alice asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. Rana says / said to them, "Why were you running after the dog last night?"
Rana asks ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rana asked ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. The man says / said to her, "How much money will you spend on your books?"
The man asks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The man asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10.Hilda said to Peter, "Where will you go tomorrow?"
Hilda asks --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hilda asked --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11.The policeman says / said to her, "How long have you been in Istanbul?"
The policeman asks-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------The policeman asked ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12.The salesgirl says / said to me, "Which of these knives do you want to buy?"
The salesgirl asks .. .... ...... ... ........... ............... .... ........... ................. ............... ............
The salesgirl asked .... ............. ............... ................... ............ .... ........ .... ............. .. ....
13.He says / said to me, "Why didn't you come to school yesterday?"
He asks ..... .... .................. ........... ................... ... ... .......... ... ................ ................ ..... .......... ..........
He asked ............ .... .............. .......... ... .. ............. .................... ........... .. .. ........... ... .......
14.The officer says / said to me, "Who / whom did you see in the park last night?"
283
The officer asks .............. ... .......... .. ............ .... ....... .. .......... .............. .............. ... .
The officer asked ... .. ................... ...... .. ... ........ ..... .. ............ .. ................ . .......... ........
15.My sister says / said to john, "Who saw the accident last night?"
My sister asks .............. .. .......... ...... ............ ... ........... .... ............. .. ............. ..........
My sister asked .................... .. ............... ................... ... ............. ..... ........... ... ................ .. ......
16.My father says / said to me, "Who was the first man to fly?"
My father asks .... ... ........................ ...... ......... ... ....... ....... . .... .................. .. ... .................
My father asked .... ....................... ... ............. .. .. ................ .. .... .............. .... .. ... .........
17.Sharon says / said to him, "How many students were there at the party last night?"
Sharon asks ........... .. ...................... .... ................. .. ................. .. ............... .. .. ........
Sharon asked......... ... .. ................. ... ........... .. .. .. ......
... .................... .. ..............
18.Tina says / said. "What kind of music are you fond of, Stella?"
Tina asks. ... .. ........ ..... ... ..................... ..... .......... ...... ... .............. ... .. .............. . .. .............
Tina asked ... ................ .. ........................... .... ............... .. ... .................... .... ............ .. ..... .........
19.Nora says / said to Peter, "Whose bicycle did you borrow yesterday?"
Nora asks .. .. .................. .. ..... ................. .. .......... ... ... ... . .......... ... .... . ................ .... ... ......
Nora asked...
.................... . ... ..................... ... . ................. ................ .. ................ ... .. ........
20.Charlie says / said, "David, where did you put my English book?"
Carole asks ..................... ..... ................ .... ... ............ ...... ...................... ..... ... ............ ... .. ....
Charlie asked ....................... ..... ............... .. ................... ..... .................... .. . ............. .. .........
21.Dilara says / said to me, "How much money do you have in your pocket?"
Dilara asks .... ................... ................. .................... ... ................. ................... ......... ....... ... ......
Dilara asked ... ................... .. .............. .... ........... ... ........... .... ........... ..... .. .............. .................
22.Martha says/said, "What was your sister wearing at the party, William?"
Martha asks...... .... .......... .... .................... ..... ........... ... ............. .. ................ .. .......... .. .......
Martha asked .................. .... ................. .................... .... ............ .... ........... .. ......... .. ...........
23.Michael says / said, "What happened here this morning, Helen?"
Michael asks .. .......................... .................. .................... .................... .... .............. .... .............. ... .
Michael asked .............. ................... ................... ........................ ... .................... ................ .... ..........
24.James says / said to her, "When are you going to read me some of your poems?"
James asks ..... .................. ... .......... .... .............. ..... .................... ...................... ............. ... ............
James asked .... ............... .. ................. .................. .... .............. ..... . ........... .. ................. .. . ..........
284
EXERCISE 248 REPORTED SPEECH (QUESTION)

Verb". Use the reporting verb "ask" only.
Direct
Reported :
Mary says / said to me, "Do you believe in God?"

Mary asks me if/whether I believe in God (or not).
Mary asked me if / whether T believed in God (or not).
1.I say / said to Kale, "Does your father really work for the Secret Service?"
I ask ____________________________________________________________
I asked ____________________________________________________________
2.Rita says / said to me, "Did you see the doctor yesterday?"
Rita asks____________________________________________________________
Rita asked____________________________________________________________
3.Natalie says / said to Peter, "Do your students speak English very well?"
Natalie asks____________________________________________________________
Natalie asked ____________________________________________________________
4.Leyla says / said to him, "Were you living in Turkey during the war?"
Leyla asks ____________________________________________________________
Leyla asked____________________________________________________________
5.My father says / said to us, "Are you listening to the radio now?"
My father asks ____________________________________________________________
My father asked____________________________________________________________
6.Dorothy says / said to Richard, "Does your wife usually have lunch in the kitchen?"
Dorothy asks ___________________________________________________________
Dorothy asked ____________________________________________________________
7. I say / said to my wife, "Will you go to the circus tomorrow?"
I ask____________________________________________________________
I asked ____________________________________________________________
8. The manager says / said to me, "Does your wife have any complaints to make?"
The manager asks _________________________________________________________________
The manager asked ____________________________________________________________
9. My sister says / said to me, "Are you on friendly terms with your friends?"
My sister asks ____________________________________________________________
My sister asked ____________________________________________________________
10. Danny says / said to Silvia, "Do you love me?"
Danny asks ____________________________________________________________
Danny asked _______________________________________________________________
11. Kevin says / said to her, "Are you going to see your father off tomorrow?"
Kevin asks _____________________________________________________
Kevin asked ____________________________________________________________
12. Julia says / said to me, "Are you married to Sandra?"
Julia asks .... .................... .... ............... ... .... .............. ... .................... ........................ ..
Julia asked .... ............. ....... ... .......... ... ...... ... ................. .... ..................... ... ................. ......
13. Barbara says / said to him, "Have you seen any good films recently?"
Barbara asks ........... .. .......... .. .. .............. ..... ...................... .... ...................... .... ................
Barbara asked ............ ... ................. .... .............. ... ... .................... ................... ... .. ........
285
14. Paul says / said to Zeynep, "Are you going to the theatre tonight?"
Paul asks .. ........... .. .. ................. ... ............ .. .... .. .....
... ................ .. . ........
Paul asked ........... ... .. ............ .. .. ............... ..... ........ ......... ..... ............. ... ... ............. .
15. George says / said to me, "Have you ever flown in an aeroplane?"
George asks ............ .. .... ................... ... .................... ...... ...................... .... ....................... .....
George asked ....................... ... ..... ............................ ... ............................... ............................. .
16. Mike says / said to me, "Are there any petrol stations in this area?"
Mike asks. .. ... .. ........................ ... .. ............................... ..... .... .................. .. .... .....
Mike asked .. .... ............... ..... .... .. ..................... .. ... .. .. ............ .. .. ... .. ... ......
17. Jackson says / said to Maria, "Is there a dog in the garden?"
Jackson asks. .. .......................... ... .... .. ............................... ..... ........................ ... .. ........
Jackson asked .. .. .. .................. ... .. ..... ..................... .... ..... ..................... ..
18.My teacher says / said to me, "Do you have many friends in Istanbul?"
My teacher asks....... ... ................ ...... ...... ............................. ..... ........................ ... ... ...
My teacher asked ... ..... .... .................. .. .. .................... .... ... ... ............. ... .... ... ..
19.Sally says / said to Tony, "Were you in London last year?'
Sally asks.............
.. ... .................... ... .... .................... .... ..... ................. .. .. ... ..
Sally asked .............. ... ... ......................... .. ............................. .... ......................... ..... ...
20.Wendy says / said to me, "Have you been running since you got up?"
Wendy asks ....... .............. .... .... ........................... ... .. ............................. ................... ..
Wendy asked .. ........................... ... ........................... ..... .. .................... ... ... ............
21.The man says / said to the woman, "Can you speak English?"
The man asks ... ................ .... .... .. ........ ... .... ... ...........
.. ... .......... . ...
The man asked ..... .. . .............. ..... . .................
... .... ....... ...... ... . ....
22.She says / said to him, "Did you manage to find the documents I wanted?"
She asks ............... .. ...
................ ... .... ......................... ... ........................ .. ... ....
She asked............... .. ........ ........... .. .... ..... ................... .. ..... ................... .. ...
23.Chris says / said to me, "Were you employed by the company two years ago?"
Chris asks .... .. ........................ .... ..... ........... . .. .. .................. .... .. .....................
Chris asked .. ... .. ................. ... ..................... ... ...... ...................... . .. ..................
24.My wife says / said to me, "Were you angry with me last night?"
My wife asks .. ... ... .................... ..... .. .............. ..... ... .. ........... ........ .... ... ............ ..
My wife asked .. ................. .. .....:............. ... . ............
.. .. ................. ... ... .
286
EXERCISE 249 REPORTED SPEECH (IMPERATIVE)

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" on the list below.
TELL
DEMAND
COMMAND INSTRUCT
Direct
Reported :
FORBID
ORDER
URGE
REMIND
WARN
WANT
THREATEN
Peter says / said to me, "Show me the pictures".

Peter tells me to show him the pictures,
Peter told me to show him the pictures.
Direct
Reported :
Angela says / said to me, "Don't go near the harking dog".

Angela orders me not to go near the barking dog.
Angela ordered me not to go near the barking dog.
1. My boss says / said to me, "Don't tell anybody about this plan".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2. The doctor says / said to me, "Eat fruit when you are hungry".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Peter says / said to her, "Don't worry whatever you do".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. My mother says / said to me, "Wait in this room until I come back".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5. My father says / said to Peter, "Tell me what time you got up this morning".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6. My friend says / said to Helga, "Don't forget about your appointment".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7. My sister says / said to him, "Turn the light off before you go out".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8. She says / said to me, "Don't drink water before you eat your meal".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. The doctor says / said to the girl, "Put out your longue".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10. The man says / said to us, "Don't touch anything before the police come".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11. My mother says/said to him, "Take the meat out of the oven when the bell rings",
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------287
DIRECT
12. Carol says / said to Peter, "Try to finish your homework before you go to bed".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
13. Lucy says/said to me, "Don't take the dog out for a walk in the afternoon".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14. Jack says / said to Mary, "Don't disturb me. I am busy writing letters".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15. Gilda says/said to Jack. "Bring me the book which your father bought last week".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16. Rita says / said to me, "Don't forget to thank your teacher when you say good-bye".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17. The policeman says/said to her, "Do what you are told or you will get into trouble".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18. I say / said to the policeman, "Don't tell me that you are an honest man".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19. My mother says / said to him, "Swim in the sea when the weather is really hot".
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20. Molly says / said to Peter, "Don't tell me that you know the story that I am reading",
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
288
EXERCISE 250: REPORTED SPEECH (REQUEST)

Chance the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" on the list below.
ASK (POLITELY)
BEG
Direct
PLEAD WITH
:
Reported:
Direct
Reported:
BESEECH
REQUEST
IMPLORE
I said to him, "Close the door, please".

I asked him politely to close the door.
The woman said to the general. "Spare my husband's life, please".

The woman pleaded with the general to spare her husband's life.
1. Hilda said to me, "Please, don't say anything to my teacher".

2. My mother said to Linda, "Please, don't wipe your hands on my clean table-cloth".
3. The professor said to his students, "Please, be punctual at all my lectures".
4. Janet said to me, "Will you please tell me the time?"
5. Richard said to Lisa, "Would you mind telling me a story?"
6. Lara said to me, "Do you mind opening the window?"
7. "Could you please explain this subject once more?" the student said to the teacher.
8. Pamela said to me, "Can you show me the way to the train station, please?"
9. She said to the student. "Please put out your cigarette before entering the library".
10. The woman said to the man, "Could you direct me to the post office, please".
11. Peter said, "Will you please be my best-man at the wedding, Michael?"
12. Muge said to me, "Would you be kind enough to show me the cats?"
13. "Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother, "said the child.
14. Donna said to me, "Would you please keep an eye on my suitcase for a minute?"
289
EXERCISE 251 : REPORTED SPEECH (MIXED TYPES)

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" making all the necessary changes.
1. She said to me, "Don't make a lot of noise when you are playing".
2. My son said, "I'll have plenty of time because I don't have to go to school tomorrow".
3. Rita said to me, "Don't worry, I will pay you back on Saturday".
4. He said, "What time will you get up tomorrow morning, Melda?"
5. She said, "The man who was living in this house has sold the car".
6. He said, "I always encourage the audience to laugh before the show begins".
7. The teacher said, "There are a lot of problems in this country".
8. My sister said to me, "Don't turn the lights off, I am studying".
9. Donna said to him, "Do you know where Janet went last night?"
10. Tom said, "Why do you keep staring at me, Janet?"
11. My father said, "Let's go for a walk now. It is not raining any more".
12. Molly said, "I will go crazy if I study English all day".
13. He said, "I am going to finish my homework when I get up tomorrow".
14. She said to me, "Do you know how to steer a ship?"
15. Chris said, "Why don't we have a tea party next Saturday?"
16. My sister said, "If I had enough money, I would buy a new car".
17. She said, "I wish I could remember his name".
18. She said to me, "If you take the dog for a walk, it won't bark so much".
19. She said, "Put your bag in my room, Peter".
290
20. I said to her, "You will win the match if you play more carefully".
21. She said to me, "Be careful not to break any of those glasses".
22. She said, "How often do you go to the cinema, Alison?"
23. Diana said to Jack, "Please don't ask me such questions. Do you want me to tell you lies?"
24. George said to Jill, "Do you think this kind of thing will happen again?"
25. I said to the man, "Do you think that the Government will set up a public enquiry?"
26. Betty said to the pilot, "Can you give a clear description of the UFO?"
27. The flight attendant said to the passenger. "Fasten your seat belts because we have to make a
compulsory landing".
28. The old man said to them, "Don't go near the house because there is a gas leak".
29. The witness said, "I can identify the men who are guilty".
30. He said, "When I was driving home, I saw Susan".
31. The man said to me, "Have you decided which courses you are going to take?"
32. Mary said to me, "Do you know how long Alice has been playing the piano?"
33. My father said, "The car is in good condition though it needs to be repaired".
34. The boss said to me, "Pay particular attention when you are doing your work".
35. I said to Jane, "I havent seen you for ages. What have you been doing since I last saw you?"
36. She said to him, "What do you do when you are sailing against the wind?"
37. My mother said to me, "Do you think that you will be happy if you marry Rose?"
291
EXERCISE 252 : REPORTED SPEECH

Change the following sentences into "Direct Speech" writing the exact words of the speaker.
Example:
He asked me where I had gone the day before.

He said to me, "Where did you go yesterday?"
1. She asked me to hold her packages for her.

2. She asked me if could speak Russian.
3. The captain ordered me not to shoot until he gave the order.
4. She told me that she would go to London if she could find a better job.
5. The customs officer is asking me if I have got anything to declare.
6. He asked me where I had been when the bell rang.
7. She asked me if I was going to the cinema the following day.
8. He said that he couldn't go out that night.
9. She wanted to know where the nearest bus-stop was.
10. My father suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
11. Mary asked me if I had watched the film on TV the night before.
12. My mother requested me to help her with the baby.
13. The sergeant ordered the soldiers to attack the castle.
14. The teacher asked Jane to clean the board.
15. He told me that he could not help me as he was busy.
16. She advised me to lock the doors when I parked my car.
17. She said she had been able to speak French when she was twelve.
292

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" in brackets.
REPORTING VERB
Direct
Reported:
(SOMEBODY)
(THAT - CLAUSE)
"Why not paint the door blue?" said Helene. (Recommend)

Helene recommended that we (should) paint the door blue.
1. "Let's have a picnic on the island next Sunday!" said Jennifer, (suggest)
Jennifer_________________________________________________________
2. Roger said to Hilda, "That car you are driving belongs to me", (claim)
Roger_________________________________________________________
3. Patricia said, "Yes, I have had an accident with my car", (admit)
Patricia _________________________________________________________
4. "I have never spoken to the King", said Jane Seymour, (deny)
Jane Seymour_________________________________________________________
5. "I will never lie to my father again", Susan said, (promise)
Susan_________________________________________________________
6. "You should take the other road", Matilda said to me. (suggest)
Matilda_________________________________________________________
7. Rita said, "I telephoned at ten oclock, but nobody answered it", (explain)
Rita_________________________________________________________
8. Peter said to me, "You are quite right in what you say", (accept)
Peter _________________________________________________________
9. Betty said, "I can speak six languages very well", (boast)
Betty_________________________________________________________
10. The witness said, 'This is the man I saw at the scene of the crime", (affirm)
The witness_________________________________________________________
11. Lolita said to me, "You really must come and meet me", (insist)
Lolita_________________________________________________________
12. The weatherman said, "We will not get any rain today", (predict)
The weatherman_________________________________________________________
13. Melissa said, "I know where the stolen car is", (claim)
Melissa _________________________________________________________
14. The teacher said, "Yes, the exam is very difficult", (agree)
The teacher_________________________________________________________
15. "You never take my advice seriously", my father said to me. (complain)
My father _________________________________________________________
16. "This man doesn't know what he is talking about", said Nancy, (mutter)
Nancy _________________________________________________________
293

Change the following sentences into "Reported Speech" using the Reporting Verbs" in brackets.
REPORTING VERB
Direct
SOMEBODY
FULL INFINITIVE
: My father said to me, "Study your lessons (advise)
Reported : My father advised me to study my lessons regularly.
1. Rose said to me, "Could you pass me the sail?" (ask)

Rose _________________________________________________________
2. "Don't go too near the fire, it is dangerous", said the officer to the woman, (warn)
The officer _________________________________________________________
3. I said to Nora, "You had better see the doctor right away", (advise)
I_________________________________________________________
4. "Get out of my office this minute", my boss said to me. (order)
My boss _________________________________________________________
5. Hilda said to Peter, "Please, help me", (beg)
Hilda _________________________________________________________
6. George said to me, "Go ahead, phone her", (encourage)
George _________________________________________________________
7. "Insert your card and wait for the machine to open", the man said to me. (instruct)
The man_________________________________________________________
8. "Don't touch that snake; it is very dangerous", Tony said to Linda, (warn)
Tony _________________________________________________________
9. "You can use my phone", Caroline said to me. (allow)
Caroline. _________________________________________________________
10. "I would like you to go out", Patricia said to me. (want)
Patricia _________________________________________________________
11. "You mustn't eat sweets", the doctor said to me. (forbid)
The doctor _________________________________________________________
12. "Would you like to come to my house on Saturday?" Paul said to me. (invite)
Paul _________________________________________________________
13. "Don't forget to take your keys, Peter", said Rose, (remind)
Rose _________________________________________________________
14. Lisa said to me, 'The party will be a great fun. You must come", (persuade)
Lisa _________________________________________________________
15. "Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother", said the child, (beg)
294
The child _________________________________________________________

Change the following sentences into "Reported speech" using the "Reporting Verbs" in brackets.
REPORTING VERB
Direct
Reported:
(PREPOSITION)
GERUND
Rose said to me, "You broke the vase", (accuse of)

Rose accused me of breaking the vase.
1. "No, I didn't steal the car", Philip said, (deny)

Philip______________________________________________________
2. "Yes, I lied to your father", Miranda said (admit to)
Miranda ______________________________________________________
3. Veronica said to me, "I am sorry that f upset you", (apologize to)
Veronica ______________________________________________________
4. "Let's go to the cinema tonight!", my father said (suggest)
My father ______________________________________________________
5. "You must wear warm clothes", my mother said to me, (insist on)
My mother______________________________________________________
6. "I am better than you", Rana said to me (boast about)
Rana. ______________________________________________________
7. Melinda said, "It is true, I murdered Christina", (confess to)
Melinda
______________________________________________________
8. Gloria said to me, "You ruined my dress", (accuse of)

Gloria ______________________________________________________
9. "I am sorry I didn't phone when you got back to the station", said Rose to her husband, (apologize to)
Rose ______________________________________________________
10. Lucy said, "I can swim very well", (boast about)
Lucy______________________________________________________
11. The policeman said, "Yes, I took bribes from people many times", (admit to)
The policeman ______________________________________________________
12. The doctor said, "You had better stay in bed for a week", (advise)
The doctor______________________________________________________
13. I said, "Yes, I revealed the secret to my friends", (confess to)
I______________________________________________________
14. In court Mary said, "No, I was not near the scene of the crime", (deny)
In court Mary ______________________________________________________
15. Stella said, "No, I don't object to doing my homework here", (mind)
295
Stella ______________________________________________________
Rewrite or combine the following sentences using the Conjunctions on the list below.
THOUGH
IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT
ALTHOUGH
DESPITE THE FACT THAT
Example:
Miranda is very happy. She is very poor.

Though Miranda is very poor, she is very happy.
Despite the fact that Miranda is very poor, she is very happy.
1. The weather was very hot. We played tennis for hours.

2. Istanbul is very beautiful. There are a lot of old buildings.
3. We slept very well. The street was very noisy.
4. The holiday started very badly. We had a fantastic time there.
5. He didn't have any money, but he lived in luxury,
6. They were late, but they caught the bus in time.
7. She had good qualifications, but she had trouble finding a job.
8. He seems to be friendly. He is not to be trusted.
9. Yldz was wet to the skin, but she didn't feel the cold.
10. It was raining, but Selcuk went to the football match.
11. It was a good party. I didnt enjoy myself.
12. He is stupid, but he does his job very well.
13. The car was very expensive, but it caused a lot of problems.
14. Linda is very intelligent. She failed in the exam.
15. Jane has no education, but she has got a very good job.
16. Stella looks very young, but she has a very mature attitude.
296

Rewrite the following sentences using the following words below.
IN SPITE OF
NOUN / GERUND / GERUND PHRASE
DESPITE
NOUN / GERUND / GERUND PHRASE
Example :
We arrived in time although we got lost on the way.

We arrived in time in spite of getting lost on the way.
Although it rained a lot, we had a picnic.
Despite the much rain, we had a picnic.
1. She worked hard although she was very ill.

2. He won the match despite the fact that he was the youngest competitor.
3. She failed in the examination in spite of the fact that she worked very hard.
4. Despite the fact that he was late, he stopped to buy a sandwich.
5. She refused to lake off her coal although the weather was unbearably hoi.
6. Arthur remained very cheerful in spite of the fact that he was very angry.
7. I hope you will come although you are living so far away.
8. Although she was beautiful, she couldnt get part in the film.
9. Despite the fact that he was strong, he was not able to open the door.
10. Although it cost a lot of money, we bought the house.
11. Despite the fact that she is very kind, she is sometimes bad-tempered.
12. She managed to smile in spite of the fact that she was very distressed.
13. He didn't win the election although he was very influential.
14. Although they made a lot of efforts, they couldn't clear away the oil.
15. Despite the fact that the traffic was bad, we got to the station on time.
297

Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple" and make the necessary changes.
Example:
I will turn down the music so that I will not disturb our neighbours.
I turned down the music so that I would not disturb our neighbours.
She always takes an umbrella so that she doesnt get well.
She always took an umbrella so that she would not get wet.
1. I will write down the address so that 1 will not forget it.
2. He will kill his brother so that he may become king.
3. I will take you to (the) hospital so that you can be examined.
4. My father comes home early so that he can do some shopping.
5. I will stand aside so that the teacher may enter the classroom.
6. I cover my mouth when I sneeze so that I dont spread germs.
7. I am saving some money so that I can take a vacation next summer.
8. They will go to Antalya by plane so that they will save time.
9. Jane is working very hard so that she may pass the exam.
10. He will take a short cut so that he can get there in time.
11. I am speaking slowly so that the students can understand me better.
12. The teacher will take the students to the theatre so they may see Hamlet.
13. He will run away so that he will not be sent to prison.
14. She is opening the door quietly so that she will not wake the baby.
15. He wears a false beard so that he will not be recognised.
298

Combine the following pairs of sentences with "SO THAT or "IN ORDER THAT'1 to express a purpose.
Example:
Paul will leave the door open. He wants to be able to run away.
Paul will leave the door open so that he will be able to run away.
Paul left the door open, lie wanted to be able to run away.
Paul left the door open in order that he would be able to run away.
I am speaking slowly. I want my students to be able to understand me.
I am speaking slowly so that my students can understand me.
I spoke slowly so that my students could / might understand me
1. Janet wiped all the surfaces. She didn't want to leave any fingerprints.
2. Martha hurried to school. She didn't want to be late.
3. Sharon will go on a diet. She wants to lose weight.
4. Sandra locked the door. She wanted to keep the burglars away.
5. I will give them my phone number, I want them to contact me.
6. Stella came to Istanbul. She wanted to see the Blue Mosque.
7. My brother turned off the light. He wanted to sleep.
8. Wendy attended the courses. She wanted to improve her French.
9. I am writing to Sheila. I want her to know what to do.
10. I have bought a new house; I want the children to have more rooms.
11. We stayed in a hotel near the airport. We wanted to catch the early morning flight.
12. We are thinking of moving to the city. We want the children to get to school easily
13. We will take a taxi. We want to be able to arrive there in time.
14. I am going to settle the matter. I hope there will not be any further problems about it.
299
EXERCISE 260: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

Put the following sentences into "The Past Simple".
Example:
I will take an anorak in case it rains.

I took an anorak in case it rained.
1. She will wear her overcoat in case the weather gets cold at night.
2. Melissa will take an umbrella in case she gets wet.
3. I will chain up the dog in case he bites.
4. Jennifer will handle this vase with care in case it gets broken.
5. I will say good bye in case I don't get time to come to the airport to see you off.
6. I will take an umbrella in case it rains.
7. I will remind my sister of her promise in case she forgets.
8. I will stay at home all night long in case my father needs me,
9. She will bring a map in case we get lost in the city.
10. I always insure my car in case there is an accident.
11. The soldiers are evacuating people from the area in case the volcano erupts.
12. He is very worried in case anything happens to his valuable car during the night.
13. I always repeat such information in case I forget it.
14. She is afraid to eat the meat in case it is poisonous.
300

Rewrite the following sentences using "LEST" instead of "SO THAT" making the necessary changes as in
the examples.
Example:
Aye is going to the airport by taxi so that she should not miss the plane.
Aye is going to the airport lest she (should) miss the plane.
John was walking very carefully so (hat he should not fall on the ice.
John was walking very carefully lest he (should) fall on the ice.
1. Jane is studying hard so that she should not fail in the exam.
2. The doctor told my father to stay at home so that he should not catch cold again.
3. The burglar wore gloves so that he should not leave any fingerprints.
4. I locked the door so that the children should not go out to play,
5. You had better write it down so that you should not forget it.
6. I will be kind to her so that she should not leave me.
7. I spoke politely so that she should not be offended.
8. The man ran away so that he should not be sent to prison.
9. We are speaking quietly so that our father should not hear us.
10. He was extra polite to his superiors so that something adverse should be written into his records.
11. She had to grab the iron rail at her side so that she should not slip off.
12. Leave the lights on when you go out so that burglars should not break in.
301

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structures below.
SO
Example:
ADJECTIVE
THAT
Jennifer was tired. She fell asleep during the meeting.

Jennifer was so tired that she fell asleep during the meeting.
1. The play was very good; I wanted to see it again.

2. Alison was very angry. She broke the chair into little pieces.
3. The boy was very intelligent. He soon left the rest of the class behind.
4. We were very busy; we had to put off going on holiday for a month.
5. Eileen was very hungry. She decided to have lunch early.
6. His lecture was very boring. Everybody started sleeping.
7. The film was very sad. It made my wife cry.
8. She was very depressed. There was nothing I could do to cheer her up.
9. The policeman was very unhelpful. I couldn't keep my temper under control.
10. His excuse was very ridiculous. I took no notice of it.
11. The weather was very cold. The water in the river froze.
12. He was very wet after the storm. He went upstairs to change his clothes.
13. Carmen is a terrible liar. No one ever believes her
14. The exercise was very difficult. I could not do it.
15. The film was very good. We enjoyed it very much.
16. I was overwhelmed. I could not express my feelings.
302

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below.
SUCH
Example:
(A / AN + ADJECTIVE) NOUN
THAT
It was a lovely day. We had a picnic on the island.

It was such a lovely day that we had a picnic on the island.
Michael Jackson is an excellent singer. People applaud him for hours.
Michael Jackson is such an excellent singer that people applaud him for hours.
1. It was a very popular concert. We had to queue for tickets for hours.
2. Carol has a very friendly manner. Her friends like her very much.
3. Robert was a very strong sailor. Everybody was frightened of him.
4. It was a very hot day. We decided to go swimming.
5. David is a very careful driver. He has never had any accident.
6. She had a very bad cold. She couldn't go to work.
7. It was very mild weather. We didnt need coats.
8. It was a very good book. I couldn't put it down.
9. She made an improvement. She was put into another class.
10. He was a very important man. He was elected leader of the opposition party.
11. My friend has a fertile imagination; lie can create all kinds of characters.
12. Helen is a very beautiful girl. Everybody looks at her in admiration.
13. The new teacher had a very strange accent. I couldnt understand him.
14. Tom talks nonsense. Nobody listens to him anymore.
15. I made silly mistakes. The teacher tore up the whole paper.
303

Combine the following pairs of sentences using the structure below.
SO
Example:
ADVERB OF MANNER
THAT
dil played the piano very beautifully. We listened to her in admiration.

dil played the piano so beautifully that we listened to her in admiration.
1. The wind was blowing very strongly. Many people ran to the shelters.
2. My teacher shouted at me very loudly. I began to cry.
3. The man was talking very fast. I could hardly understand him.
4. The woman spoke very softly. I could hardly hear what she said.
5. The speaker was speaking very vaguely. I plunged into reverie.
6. My brother was explaining the subject very funnily. I couldnt help laughing.
7. It was raining very heavily. We took shelter under a tree.
8. My sister was eating her food very greedily. I decided to order another portion.
9. They were singing the songs very beautifully. We decided to dance.
10. The man was acting very strangely. The child started to run away.
11. My friend was running very fast. I couldnt catch him.
12. The boy was crying very much. We had to send him out of the hospital.
13. The bus stopped so frequently. We were not able to get to the station in time.
14. The policeman behaved very rudely. I couldn't keep my temper under control.
304

Answer the following questions using "SO ... THAT" or "SUCH ... THAT". Use the prompts below.
* The fish was very expensive.
* Last night I was very tired.
* The teacher explained the lesson very fast.
* Sheila inherited a lot of money.
* The programme on TV was very boring.
* It was very mild weather.
* The suitcase was very heavy.
* Peter worked very hard.
* Diana is a very kind person.
* Gilda was very charming.
* Tom had a lot of exciting time in Italy.
* It is a very nice day.
* My father shouted at me very loudly.
* The boy was sleeping very soundly.
Example:
A: Why didnt you buy the fish?

B: The fish was so expensive that I didnt buy it.
A: Why didn't you want to disturb the baby?

B: ..... ........... ........................... ...... .... .. .. . .... .... .... ... ... .... .... .. .. ... .. ... ...
A: Why didn't Sheila want to work anymore?
B:... .. .. .... .. ... .... .. .... .... .. .. ... ..... ... .... . .. ......... . .........................................
A: Why didn't Tom want to come bat'; to Turkey from Italy?
B: .... ..... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... ... .......... ...................... ....................................................... . ... ... ...
A: Why did you go straight to bed last night?
B: .......... ...... ...... . ... .... .. ... .. .. ... ... ..... .. .. ........ .. ....... .........
A: Why did Peter have a nervous breakdown?
B: ..................................................................... .. ... .... ..... ... ... ..... ... ... . ... .. ..
A: Why can't Diana say no to anybody?
B: ...... ......... . .. .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ...... .. ........ .......... ............................... ..... .. ... . .....
A: Why should we go for a walk in the fresh air?
B: .... ... ... ........................................................... ... . ... ... .. .............. ......... .
A: Why didnt you take your coat with you?
B: .. .. .. .. .... ... .. .. ... ... .. .. .... ..... ...... .............. .......... ... .. - . - - ... ..... - - ... ...
A: Why didn't you understand the teacher?
B: .... ... ... ........................................................... ... . ... ... .. .............. ......... .
A: Why weren't you able to carry the suitcase?
B: ............................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ........ ................................... ..... .. ...
A: Why did you get angry with your father?
B: ...... ..... .... .... .... ... ............................................... ....... ... .. .... .... ... .... .. ... ... .. ...
A: Why did you turn the television off?
B: .............................. .. ...... .. ... .... ... ..................... ....................................................... ... .. ..
A: Why did everybody fall in love with Gilda?
B: ..... .... .. ..... ..... .. ........................................... ... .. ... ..... ..... ... .. .... ... .. .. ... ..
305

Rewrite the following pairs of sentences using "SO ... THAT", "SUCH ... THAT" or "SUCH A...THAT".
Example:
Nathalie Cardone is very friendly.

As a result, everybody loves her.
Nathalie Cardone is so friendly that everybody loves her.
It was a very high mountain. As a result, we couldn't climb it in one day.
It was such a high mountain that we couldn't climb it in one day.
1. Paul plays the piano very well. As a result, he was offered a place with the orchestra.
2. I was very jealous of my friend. As a result, I fell quite guilty
3. My friend is very funny. As a result, he makes all the students laugh.
4. My father is a very popular writer. As a result, I feel proud of him.
5. The weather was very bad. As a result, the referee cancelled the match.
6. Melissa is very kind. As a result, everybody wants to be her friend.
7. The wind was blowing very hard. As a result, the match was cancelled.
8. I was very angry with the policeman. As a result, I shouted at him.
9. Sally ran very fast. As a result, she was out of breath.
10. The boys were very clever. As a result, they soon left the rest of the class behind.
11. It was a very expensive book. As a result, I couldn't afford to buy it.
12. It was a very sunny day As a result; they all went for a picnic.
13. They were very good dancers. As a result, the audience applauded for ten minutes.
306

Complete the following sentences using "SO", "SUCH" or ''SUCH A / AN".
1. The book was . .....
2. She was ...... ...
.. .. interesting that I read it again.
.. . beautiful girl that everybody stared at her with admiration.
3. It was .... ... ..

4. It was...
hot weather that I sat in the shade of the tree all day.
..... .. .. lovely morning that he decided to walk to work.
5. They are........ intelligent students that they hardly need a teacher.

6. He bought
..
... ........ lot of apples that we will be eating them for weeks.
7. Mr. Brown and his wife were ........pleasant people that we have decided to stay there again next year.
8. The film was ...
..
.. .. successful that it ran for two years.
9. The music was .. . .......
.. beautiful that I listened to it for hours.
10. The event was . ... ... .... serious that I will never forget it.
11. The job sounds ...
.. ........ . attractive that I am seriously tempted to accept your offer.
12. They are .. .. .. .... good friends that everybody wants to be their friends.
13. He plays basketball ...
... .. . well that he is always chosen for the team.
14. Roger is ..... ............. good student that teachers hold him up as an example.
15. Eileen is......... .
16. He is ......... ..
.. charming that everybody falls in love with her at first sight.

.. fantastic tennis player that everybody watches him when he plays.
17. They are ..............

18. I was
..............
.. good friends that they are inseparable.

tired that I couldn't stay awake.
19. He spoke .. ... ..

20. He ran with
movingly that several women began to weep.
..... .. ...
21. The mountain was ... ...

22. He had.....
23. I was ....
effortless speed that the others were left far behind.

......... high that we couldn't see the summit.
.. ... lot of questions that I didn't have time to answer them.

...
24. It was ...............
.. amazed by what I heard that I stood there speechless.

.. difficult exam that I couldn't finish it.
25. The sea ..... .... ... .. rough that the ship sank almost immediately.
26. They were having ................ .nice time at the party that they didn't want to leave.
27. There were.. .... ........... many people in the queue for tickets that I missed the train.
28. The teacher became .... ... ... .. enraged with the student that he beat him.
29. He is
....... .....
good tennis player that he will win all the matches.
30. Tom talks ... .. .. ..... nonsense that no one listens to him anymore.
31. I was
.. ... ..... pleased with him that I invited him to supper.
32. It was ................. . cold morning that I put on two heavy pullovers.
33. I have...... ....... ... many friends that I never feel lonely.
307
34. It was ............. .... warm this afternoon that I didn't wear my jacket.
EXERCISE 268 ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF PROPORTION
Rewrite the following sentences using the following sentence structure.
THE
Example:
COMPARATIVE, THE
COMPARATIVE
As I have more money, I want / will want more.

The more money I have, the more I want / will want.
As Lara became more beautiful, so my love for her grew more.
The more beautiful Lara became, the more my love for her grew.
1. As Linda got older, so she thought more about her father.

2. As Dilara became richer, so she had more friends.
3. As you speak more, you have / will have more practice.
4. As I earn more, so I spend / will spend more.
5. As he pays more attention, so he makes / will make more effort.
6. As I ate more, so I became fatter.
7. As Mary waited longer, so she became more impatient.
8. As you work more carefully, so you make / will make fewer mistakes.
9. As you argue less, so it is / will be better for you.
10. As you wash your car more frequently, so it lasts / will last longer.
11. As the film is more frightening, so I enjoy it more.
12. As we control pollution more, so the environment is / will be cleaner.
13. As Jack earned more money, so he bought more clothe.
14. As you work more, so you have less free time.
15. As we start sooner, so we will finish the work more quickly.
308
EXERCISE 269 : NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE SUBJECT OF A SENTENCE)

Change the following questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Subject of the sentence", making all the
necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with a "Question Word".
Noun Clause
Question Word
Statement
Verb
Complement
Example: A: Where did Gilda go last night? Do you know?

B: I am sorry, I don't know. Where Gilda went last night is a secret.
1.A: When will the President come back to Turkey? Do you know?
B:... ................. .... ..... ............... ... ............. ................... ..... ........... . .... ..... is not certain.
2. A: Why didn't she answer all the questions? Do you know?
B:..... ................................... .. ... ... ................... .. .. ..... ............................. ....... is not obvious.
3. A: Where did the children go? Do you know?
B:.................... ......... .... ......................... ..... ..... .......................... .......................... doesn't interest me.
4. A: How has Cathy become rich? Have you got any idea?
B:
... ........................ .... ... ..... .................... ... ......... ....... .......... is not very important.
5. A: What does your father say? Do you know?
B: ......... .... .... ........................................ ..... ... .. .................. ..... .... has nothing to do with me
6. A: What does your sister do hi her spare time? Do you know?
B:. ........................ ... .. ................................. ... ..... .....................is none of your business.
7. A: What does Patricia love most? Have you got any idea?
B:
.... ... ........................ .... ... .... ... ................... ..... .. ... ...are the operas of Mozart.
8. A: What do you really need? Do you know?
B:........................ ..... ... ... .......................... ... ..... ............................. ........... ... .is new car.
9. A: Where is the money coming from? Do you know?
B: ..... ..... ..... .................................. ..... ..................... ........................ .... ... ...... is a top secret.
10. A: When will the children come home? Have you got any idea?
B:......................... ............... ....................... .... ..... .... ........................... ..doesn't matter.
11. A: Where does the boat leave from? Do you know?
B:. ..... ..... ....................... .. ... ..... .............. .... .. ........ ...... . .... .... ......... .. is not known.
12. A: What do you hate most? Do you know?
B: .................. ... ... ........................................... ..... .... ................ ..... ..... ..... is rainy weather.
13.A: Why did Martha get married to Peter? Have you got any idea?
B:....... .... .............. ... ... ......................... ...... .... .................. ..... .... ...... .... is a mystery.
14.A: What did you really want to study? Could you tell me?
B: ............................. ..... .... ... ............... .. ..... ..... .................. ... .... was architecture.
15.A: Whoever caused the accident? Will you please tell me?
B: ................... .... .... .... ......................... .... .... .. ........ ....... .............. ....was very careless.
309
EXERCISE 270: NOUN CLAUSES (AS THE OBJECTOR A SENTENCE)

Change the following Direct Questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the
necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with a "Question Word".
Noun Clause
I wonder
+ Question Word
+ Statement,
I would like to know
+ Question Word
+ Statement,
Do you know
+ Question Word
+ Statement?
Examples:
Where does your sister live?

I wonder where your sister lives.
I would like to know where your sister lives.
Do you know where your sister lives?
Why does your sister get annoyed with the teacher?

.................... .... ....................... .. ........................ ................... ..... ................... .... ...........
.. ...... ...................... ..... .......................... ............................ ................... ... .................. .....
............................................... ................... ................... ..... .................... .......................... .... ..........?
2. How often does your father brush his teeth?
....... ....................... ........................ ..... ........................ ...... ....................... ..... ................... ....
......................... ..... ..................... ............................ ... ........................ ..................... ..... ..................
............ ............................... .............................. ................................................... .... ............?
3. How many cities are there in Turkey?
................................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ... ....................... ..
................... .. ....................... .... ....................... ................. .... ...................... ... .................. ... ....
.................... ............................. ..... ............................. ........................... ....................... ... .. ?
4. What time did your mother get up this morning?
...................... .... ............................... ..................... .... ..................... ..... ........................
........................... ...................................... .............................. ..... ......................
...................................................................................................... .... ......................................... ...?
5. How much money does your father have in his pocket?
.............................. ....................... ........................... ..... ..................... ...... ..................... ..
.......... . ......................... ............................. ... ....................... .... ....................... ..... .. ..................
.................................................. ................................ ........................ ..... ....................... .... . .....?
6. When will your sister get married?
.............................. ................................ ..... ........................... ........................ .... ... ...................... .....
............................. ..... .............................. .... .................... .... ............................ .... ................... ....
....... ......................... ... .......................... .... ................. .... ...................... .. .. .................... ?
7. What was your father doing when the accident happened?
.... ........ .......... ... . ... .. ... ...... ...... .....
. .. .. .... ....
............. .. . .. .. .. . ....... .......
... .. .. ..
. ..... .... .
.................. ... ... ... .... .. ....... .
.... ...
8. Why does your father want to send your brother to London?
.... .. .. . ....... .... ..
..... .... .. ....... ........... ... ..
.... .
.... .. . ....... .. ... .. .. ......... . - .... . ........
.... ... .. .. .... .....
- .. ......... ..... - - ....... - - - - .... .....
9. What is your friend going to be in the future?
.... ... .... .. . ..... ...... .. .... ... .. ..... ...... .. .. ...
... .. ............ . .. .. .. .. .... ........ .. .. .. ... ... .. ...... .....
.... .. ... .... ... ..... ........... ..... ... ...... .. ..... ...... ....
.. .
310
10. What kinds of things make you happy?

.... ...... .............. ..... .. ... ... ... ... ........... . .
... ... ...
....... ... .. .. ... ... ..
.. . .............. .. ..... .. .. . .... ...... .
.... .... .. ....... .... .
... ... .. .. ..... .... . ...... .. ..
11. Why aren't the students listening to the teacher?
.... .... ... .. . ..... ..... .
..... ..
...... .... . .. .... ...
... .. .............. . .. .. ... . . ........... ... .. ... ....
.........
.................. . ... ... ..... ... ...... ....... ........ ... ... ... ... ................. .
12. How long will it take the mechanic to repair the air7
... ... .. ... .... ............. . ..... ..... ... .......................... ..
..... ... .. .............. ... .. .. .. . .............. .... ... .... .. ... ..
........ ............... .. ... .... .. ..... ......... .. .. . .......... ... ..
13. How many students were there in your class last year?
... ................... .... .. ... .. . ........ .... .. .. .. ... ..... .....
....... .............. ... ..... ... ................................ .... ... ... ................
... ...
... ... .. ..... ... ......... ..... ...... ... .. .. .... ...... ..... .... ..
14. What advice does the doctor give to people with flu?
.. ................... ... ... .... . ................ .. ... .. ... . ...... ...
. ............. .. ... .. ... .............. .. ... .. .... .. ..........
.. ..
.. .... ..... .... ... ....... .... . .. .... ... .. ........ .....
.. ... ... .. .
15. How long has Tom been studying Spanish?
... ..................... ... .. ................. ... .. .. .................... .... ...
.............. .. .. .. .. .................... ... .. .. .. ....................... .... ..
........ ... ... ... ............ ...... .. .. .... ........... - .. .... ..
311

Change the following Direct Questions into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the
necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with the conjunctions "IF" or "WHETHER.
Noun Clause
I wonder
I would like to know

Do you know
Examples:
If/whether
+
+ Statement
If/whether
+ Statement
If/whether If + Statement
Does the teacher speak Polish?

I wonder if / whether the teacher speaks Polish.
I would like to know if/whether the teacher speaks Polish.
Do you know if / whether the teacher speaks Polish?
1.Does your sister like horror films?

a........ ....... .. ................. .. .............. ................. .................. ................... ............... .... ................
b.
.... .............. ............ ................... .............. .............. ................ .... ............... ...............
c. ............................................... ................ ................. ................. ................. ............................... ?
2. Are men and women equal in Turkey?
a. .... .......... .. . ........ .... .... ....... ... .......... ... ......... ..... .......... ..... ........... ..... ...... ...... ... ........
b........ .... .......... ... ............ .. .............. ............... .......... ... ............. ... ................ .. .....
.
c. ............................. .. ............ .. ......... ... .......... .. ............. ................. ........... ............?
3. Is Italian more popular than Spanish?
a. ....... .. .... ........ . ....... ........ ..... ................. .... ............. ... ........ ... .................. ... ......... ...
b. ............... ............... ....................... .............. ............... .. ................. ............. .................
c.
.... .............. ............. ..................... .............. ................. .. ............. ... ........ .... .?
4. Are the students playing table-tennis at school?
a. ............ .. ...... ... .. ... ............ ..... ........ ..... ..... . ..... ........ ... ......... ... .. ............... ....
b. ................................. ................ ............... ... ................................ ..... ............... ....
...........
c. .......... .. .............. ............ ... ............. .. ....... ............ .... ................ ....................... ........?
5. Do people stand up when they hear our national anthem?
a. .. ..... . ... ............... ... ........ . ... ..... ........... ... ........... ... ..... .. ... .................. .. . .......... ...
b. ...... .......... .. .... ............. ............. ...
........ ..... .......... ..... ................ ............. .... . ..... ... ....
c. . .. .............................. ............................ ................................................................... ............ ..?
6. Did the general order the soldiers to attack the castle?
a. ...... ............. .. .............. .. ............ .. .. ......
.... ......... ... ............. ... . ...... ... ..............
b........ .............. .................................... ............ .. ............... ........................................................
c. ................. ................. .. ................ .......... ............ ................. ................ .... .............. ... -?
7. Have the sailors been examined by the doctor today?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
8. Did Carol take her children to the circus last night?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
9. Was the wounded man taken to (the) hospital in the morning?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
312
10. Does your sister want animals to be kept in zoos?

a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
11. Did Jennifer Lopez win any awards?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
12. Will your friend have any chance to practise his English in London?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
13. Was your mother playing the piano when the phone rang?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
14. Will the Members of Parliament discuss death penalty next month?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
15. Are there any horses on the farm?
a__________________________________________________________________________
b__________________________________________________________________________
c__________________________________________________________________________?
313

Change the following "Direct Questions" in brackets into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence",
making all the necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with a "Question Word".
Noun Clause
Example :
Subject +
Verb
Question Word
Statement
A: What do you remember? (What did Hilda tell you last week?)
B: I remember what Hilda told me last week.
1.A: What do you believe? (What does Mary write in her autobiography?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
2. A: What did you hear? (What did Mge say about inflation in Turkey?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
3. A: What do you remember? (How did Pamela behave at the party?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
4. A: What did the lady tell you? (How did the police catch the thief?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
5. A: What does the woman want to know? (When will Natalie come to Turkey?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
6. A: What do you want to know? (Where have the students gone?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
7. A: What did your mother admit? (Where did she hide the money?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
8. A: What did they teach you? (How does the machine work?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
9. A: What did the girl in the shop ask you? (What do you want?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
10. A: What do you guess? (Who did you bump into this morning?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
11. A: What don't you know? (Where is the treasure?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
12. A: What did your brother ask you? (What did you do this morning?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
13. A: What did the tourist want to know? (Where is the Blue Mosque?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
14. A: What do you know? (When will there be a general election in Turkey?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
15- A: What did your father ask you? (What time did you get up this morning?)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
314

Change the "Statements" in brackets into "Noun Clauses" as the "Object of the sentence", making all the
necessary changes. "Noun Clauses" start with the Conjunction "That".
Noun Clause
Example:
Subject +
Verb
That
Statement
A: What do you think? (Gloria has to study hard to pass her class.)
B: I think that Gloria has to study hard to pass her class.
1.A: What do you know? (The Earth travels round the Sun.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
2. A: What do you remember? (Eileen was very happy.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
3. A: What are you afraid about? (The telephone is out of order.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
4. A: What does your teacher think about you? (I am not very selfish.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
5. A: What are you afraid about? (I have burnt the toast.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
6. A: What do you think? (You will have to sharpen the knife.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
7. A: What are you afraid about? (I have left my wallet at home.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
8. A: What did your teacher say? (My homework was terrible.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
9. A: What are you worried about? (I couldn't go to her wedding party.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
10. A: What was the teacher disappointed about? (The students failed in the exam.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
11. A: What were you pleased about? (All the students came to the party.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
12. A: What did Peter confess? (He pulled the poor woman.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
13. A: What did Helga tell you? (She wanted to go to the concert with Roger.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
14. A: What did Mary say to you? (She didn't like that kind of music.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
15. A: What did the prisoner declare? (He was guilty of murder.)
B: ________________________________________________________________________
315

Complete the following sentences changing the "Prompts" into "Noun Clauses' "Noun Clauses" start with
the conjunction "THAT".
Example: It is important that we should keep calm.
We should keep calm.
There is a problem with the car.
The man is lying.
My father will come tomorrow.
She didn't come to my party.
We will get there in time.
We will be a little late.
I will go abroad next year.
She refused to talk to you.
She left without saying good bye.
She didn't phone me.
The escaped prisoned is in Rome.
We will miss the train.
Lolita will pass her class.
Jane should stop drinking alcohol.
Nora killed the man in self defence.
We cannot go on like this.
The house was empty.
He didn't want to play cards.
Your sister should tell the truth.
People are pleased with this policy.
Your father lost his job.
The Prime Minister will resign.
1. There is a rumour .... ........
12. His a shame ......... .... ......
2. It is apparent .......................
13. It is curious ......... ...... .............
3. 1 find it strange ....................
14. It seems
4. It is probable ....... .. .... ...
15. There is a chance ... .........
5. It was really astonishing .
16. It is likely .... ..... ....................
6. There is a risk . .........................
17. Ins doubtful ... ......................
7. It worried me a bit........ ..
18. It seems clear ..........................
8. It is important . ... ..... ......
19. It is necessary ...........................
9. It was clear ... .... ...................
20. It was a mystery ......... .... .
10. It appears .....................................
21. There is a likelihood ........
11. It is a pity .......................... ....
22. It shocked me ............... ....
316
.... ................................

Rewrite the following sentences beginning with "IT" or "THAT".
Example :
It was amazing that she eventually left home.

That she eventually left home was amazing.
1.It is absolutely essential that you should contact head office in advance.
That
....
... ........................... .. ..
.. .... ..............
...
..
..........................
.... .........
2. That you are wrong can easily be proved.

It ........... ... ..
........... .. ... ................. ... ................ ....
......... - .... .......... -
3. It is quite natural that you find this problem difficult.

That ............... ......................... ... ................. ..... ...............
...
.................
..............
4. That the driver couldn't control his car was obvious.

It .......... ..... ... ... ................ . ... ... ... ..............
..
..... .............. ..... ... ....
5. It is rather odd that you cannot remember my name.

That .... ....................... ... .. .. .... ...............
... ..... ...
................
... ..... ... ....
6. That he would do such a thing seems unlikely.

It _..................... .. .... .. .................... ..
... ...
.. ................. ..
...
... .. ............. . ...
....
.... ......................
7. t is doubtful whether we will get there in time.

That
........................... .... ... .................... .... .. ....................
8. That my father will take a vacation is probable.

It .... ... ..... ... ... . ............... .... ..... ... ...................... ..
..
... ................... .... .... ... .
9. It appeared odd that no one answered the bell.

That.... ........................... ... .... ....................... ... .... ......................... ....
.. .....................
10. That the student should solve the problem by himself is important.
It................. .. .... .. ....................... ... ... ...... ............... . .... ....
........................... ... ...
11. It is necessary that your sister should tell the truth.

That ................. ... ..... .... .................... ..... .... ...................... .... ...............................
12. That my father doesn't try to find a good job is strange.

It........ ..... .... .... .................. .... .... .... .................... .... ..... .... ....................... ...... .... .. .
13. It is essential that students should be punished by their parents.
That..... ........................... .. ... ..... ...................... ......... .......................... .... ..... ............
14. That you should not smoke in the library is imperative.
It ........... ... .. ... .. ............... ... .... ....... ................
... ...
... .................. ..... .... ....
15. It is urgently that the police should be notified about these strange people.
That.............. . ... ..... ..... ........................
... ... ................. ...
..
..
............... ... .
That English should be studied before entering university is desirable.

It .......... ..... ... .... .................... ... ..... .................. ..... ..
317
.... ............... .. .. ...
..

Complete the following sentences with the "Conjunctions" on the list below.
UNLESS
UNTIL
BECAUSE AS IF
IN CASE
WHEN
ALTHOUGH
WHILE
SO THAT
AS SOON AS
1. I will take a torch with me .............
... . ........... I have to come home in the dark.
2. You should wear your seat belt.... ... .......... ..... .... you are driving your car.
3. Helen looks.. .............. ... .. ... she hasn't slept for several days.
4. I don't want to leave the children alone ....
... .......... ...
5. Jack continued playing the piano .... ...............

6. The villagers stored the potatoes ......
...
....
they are very quarrelsome.
he felt tired.
................ they would have enough food for the winter.
7. The fans cheered ......... ... .... .. ........ . they saw their favourite footballer.
8. The children waited under the tree ........ ... ... .... .... it stopped raining.
9. ............ .... ... ..
Niget was in hospital, he lost his job.
10- He threatened to tell the newspapers ...... ... ..... ..... ....
AS IF
WHEN
AS
BECAUSE
SINCE
THAT
1. Take your cheque book ..
he got a thousand pounds.
EVEN THOUGH
UNTIL
IN CASE
..
.. ................ you run out of cash
2. You are not allowed to smoke .......... ..... ...

3. Our electricity was cut off ... ..............
...... the plane lands/has landed.
..
we had not paid the electric bill.
4. The lawyer claimed ........ ... ..... ................ his client was not guilty of committing the crime.
5. .... ............ .. ..
two business people come to get lit r, they often discuss work or business.
6. Matilda speaks English .......... ... ....
...... she were an American citizen.
7. I didn't invite him to the wedding party... .....

8. ..
...
I didn't like him.
....... ........ .... I am not interested in Jazz music, I didn't go to the concert.
9. My brother didn't complain

10.
.................
...................
SO THAT
IN CASE
...............
..
.... he was in great pain.
.... ... ... I had seen the film before, I didn't want to see it again.
ALTHOUGH
AS THOUGH
NOW THAT
WHEN UNTIL
THE WAY
UNLESS
WHERE
1. He took an electric torch ........................ .....
.. there was no light in the attic.
2. .. .................... .... .... she had a headache, she carried on with her work.
3. He hid the file on purpose.. ...............
..
.. no one would find it.
4. Lolita behaves .................... ... she were the director of this factory.
5. Could you look after the children ............ . ... ..... I get home?
6. ......
...
.. ................. you have a ticket, you cannot get into the theatre.
7. I don't care what people think about ... ....
.... ........
I dress.
8. I always stay at the Waldorf Hotel.......... ...... ............ I come here.

9. .. . ..... .... ...... ...... .you have your driving licence, you can borrow your fathers car.
10. They landed .. ................... ............ the surface was smooth.
318

Complete the following sentences with the "Conjunctions" on the list below.
AS
AFTER
IN CASE
SO THAT
UNTIL
AS LONG AS
ALTHOUGH
WHILE WHENEVER
SINCE (BECAUSE)
1.I have to be well-dressed ......... .. ..... ... ....... I make a good impression on people.
2. We took some food ..................... .... ... we got hungry on the journey
3. ...... ..... .................... John drinks coffee, he gets a headache.
4. You can borrow the calculator ................... .... ...
5. ...... ..... ..................
..you bring it back.
I had entered (he room, I took off my coat.
6. Please do not turn the paper over .... ... .................. I tell you to begin.
7. You are to do exactly.. .... ....................... . I say
8. Christina got the job .................... .... ....... she was not well qualified.
9. My mother was mending my socks .......... ..................... . I was doing my homework.
10. ................ .... ..... you have got the highest mark, you will get the prize.
IF
AS
THAT NOW
UNLESS
THAT
THOUGH
BECAUSE
AS SOON AS
WHETHER OR NOT
WHETHER / IF
1.I will not go on holiday ............. .................... ... you come with me.
2.I don't know ..................... .................... Patricia will be able to come to the party tomorrow.
3.
They discovered .................. .. .... . many of the old beliefs are lies.
4.
....
5.
The film was good, but the ending was a bit of a disappointment, .........
6.
.................
7.
She turned the volume up .... .. .................... .... she couldn't hear properly.
8.
........................... ... .....John got home, he put on his slippers and started reading the paper.
9.
Caroline may pass the exam........... ...
10. ......
.................... ... . I was crossing the road, I was nearly knocked down by a car.
... ... ..........
..................... Hilary has a car, she can go everywhere she wants.
.................. she works hard.
.................... ... we go on holiday this year depends on many things.
AS
WHILE
WHEREVER
IMMEDIATELY
SINCE
UNLESS
WHETHER ON CONDITION
UNTIL
THAT FOR
1.I will lend you the money . ..... .. ..................... you give it back on Sunday
2.Peter has given up sailing ..... ... .................... ... he doesn't have enough money.
3.Dont disturb me ........... ... .. ................. it is something urgent.
4.
........ ......
.. ................ the convict hides, the police will find him.
5.
He took care of you .............. ... ................... you were ill.
6.
............. ......................... . she plays on Saturday depends on what her doctor says.
7.
You have gained a lot of weight ..................
8.
.......................... ..... ...... it was very late, we decided to go home at once.
9.
Those flowers will be in bloom . .... ...
10. We are not going to stop digging..
..
.... ........ I last saw you.
..................... spring comes.

...... .......... ...we find the ancient ruins.
319

Complete the following sentences with the other halves by writing them. Put the corresponding letter in
brackets.
1. ( ) -Let's forget work......
..
..
..
................. .....
2. ( )-Rose went to work ...... ..............................

3. ( ) -The football match was postponed
4. ( )-I found a note on the wind screen ..
.............
............
5. ( ) -Helen was walking very carefully ..... ..

6. ( )-The box was so heavy .... ... ....
...
......... ..
7. ( ) -You will have a holiday tomorrow .,... ..............

8. ( ) -Jane lives in Istanbul
... ............
... .. ............
9. ( )-They have made progress ................ .... ...........

10. ( ) -George runs faster .............. .... ................ ..... .
11. ( )-You had better lake an umbrella . ............. ....
12. ( ) I will go to the cinema
.................... ....
............
13. ( ) -My mother didn't let me go to the forest.........

14. ( )-Eileen went to bed very early ................ ...
15. ( ) -Melanie was trembling all over
... ............
...
A as I was getting into my car.

B lest she (should) fall on the ice.
C as though she had seen a ghost.
D while we are on holiday.
E because she was exhausted.
F despite the fact that she was ill.
G in case I (should) get lost.
H until the weather improved / had improved.
I
as long as you work hard today.
in spite of the fact that they have had a lot of difficulties.
K regardless of what the doctor says.

L since I arrived here.
M as far as I know.
N that Mary couldn't lift it.
O than I do.
320

Complete the following sentences with the "Modal Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below to express ability in
the Present, Future or Past and the achievement of one single action.
CAN
COULD
AM ABLE TO
ARE ABLE TO
IS ABEE TO
WAS ABEE TO
WERE ABEE TO
WILL BE ABLE TO
WOULD BE ABEE TO
WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO
CAN'T
COULDN'T
AM NOT ABLE TO
AREN'T ABEE TO
ISN'T ABEE TO
WASN'T ABLE TO
WEREN'T ABLE TO
WON'T BE ABLE TO
WOULDN'T BE ABLE TO
WOULDN'T HAVE BEEN ABLE TO
1.I don't think we . ....... .... ... ... ..... . ..... travel to Mars before 2025.
2. My daughter.. .
... ... .. .. .......... .. swim when she was five years old.
3. If we don't hurry up, we .................. ...

4. They were shouting so loudly that I.
..
catch the bus.
.... . .
5. The weather was wonderful, so we ........

6. I ...
..
.. ...
hear what Patricia said.
... ... ... . .... have a picnic on the island.
.... . - .. ... ... understand the teacher when speaks fast.
7. With the help of a policeman, I . .. ... .. ..

8. Swimming after eating. . ...
9. I ...
...
........ .....
..
... .....
... ...
..
push the car to the side of the road.
be very dangerous.
...... pass my class if you didn't help me.
10. I am sorry I am late. I
............ ... ... .. ..... find a parking place.
11. I .............. ..... ..... ... ........... play the guitar when I was seven.
12. She was such a clever child that she ..........
13. I ...
.. .... ... ... read by the time she was four.
.... ... ...... ............. save the drowning child if you had nut helped me.
14. When I was younger I ....... ................ .. ..

15. The supermarket was closed, so I ..
..
..... ...... .
16. Rosemary is ill in bed, so she
.. . ...........
17. I am sorry that I .. ... .. ..
. .................
18. He.....
.................. ... ..
19. I ........ ......... ..

20. Too much sun
.. stay up all night and not get tired.
..
..
..
... buy milk for my baby.
.. come to school next week.
find the address in this telephone directory now.
pay his bills because he was having financial difficulties.
.. ... speak French within six month, I think.

................. ... ..
be very dangerous.
21. My father .................... .. ... .. speak three languages when he was thirty years old.
22. We
.. ................ . ... watch the match last night because there was no electricity in the area.
23. Two of the engines stopped, but the experienced pilot .... ...................
24. We...
.... land the plane safely.
.... ....................walk across the street when the lights are red.
25. I........................
speak English at the beginning of this year, but now I
26. She told me her name, but I .... ... .. .......... .... remember it now.
321
............ speak it very well.

Rewrite the following sentences using the structures below.
BE ABLE
MANAGE
SUCCEED IN
Example:
+
+
+
TO DO SOMETHING
TO DO SOMETHING
DOING SOMETHING
I was able to do my homework before midnight.

I managed to do my homework before midnight.
I succeeded in doing my homework before midnight.
a. My father was able to get an exit visa before he went abroad.

b. .... .............. .................. ... ..............................................................................
c. ... ... .. .... ... .. .... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.......... ... .......... .... .... ..... ..... ...
a. The prisoner was able to jump over the high wall just before the guardians arrived.
b. .. ... ... ... .... ... ..... ........................... .......................... ... ... ... .. .. .. ... ... ... ....
c. . ...... ..... ... ... .... .. ... ... .. ... .... ..... .. ... .... ...................................... ...... .... ........
a. Was the driver able to stop at the red light when you signalled to him?
b. ... .... .. ..... ... .. . ..................... ......... ................ ..... ... .. .. ... ... .............
.
?
c. ... .. ... .. ... .... .. .. ... .. .. ...... ..
....................................
.. .. .. .. ... . ?
a. The firemen were not able to put the fire on within half an hour.
b. ............. ........... .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .. ... .... .....
.
.... .... ...................... ... .... .......
c. ..... ... .
.. .. ........................ ..................... ........ ....
a. Was the mechanic able to repair the car in a very short time?
b. ... .... .. . .................. .... .......................................... ..... .... ... .. .. .. .... .. .... . ... .. ?
c. ... .... ... ... .... ... ..... ... .
..................... ............... .... ..... .. ..
.. .. ... .. ... ... .....
?
a. The man was not able to save the drowning boy.
b. ............... .......... .... .. .. ... .. .. .... ... ... .. .. .... . ... .. ........ ................................. ....
c. ........................ ....... .. .... .. .... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... .. .... ... .. .. ....... ...... ...........
a. Were you able to reach the top of the mountain before the sun set?
b. ....... ........ .. ... ........ .. ............................................................. .. .....?
c. . ... .. .. .... ... .... .... .. .. .... ... . ..... ... ................. .... ... . ... ?
a. Was your sister able to make a speech at the meeting last night?
b. .. .... ..... ..... ... ............ ..................... ....... .. .. .... ... ... .. ... .. .. ... ... ..
?
c. ... ... .. ... ... ... .. ...................................... ... . .... ... ... .... .. ... .. .. ... ?
a. The children were not able to find the address of your house.
b. ........................ ... ..... ... .. ... .... .... ... .. .... ... ... ... . .... ...... ... .
c. . ............................................ ..... .......................... ............ . .. . ... ... .. ... .... .. .. ... .. .. ...
a. My parents were able to get to the cinema just before the clock struck seven.
b. ............. ............. ....... . ..... ... ......... . ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .... .. .... ... .... ...
c. . ............................................ ..... .......................... ............ . .. . ... ... .. ... .... .. .. ... .. .. ...
322

Complete the following sentences with the "Modal Auxiliary Verbs" on the list below.
HAVE TO
HAS TO
HAD TO
WILL HAVE TO
WOULD HAVE TO
Example :
DON'T HAVE TO
DOESN'T HAVE TO
DIDN'T HAVE TO
WON'T HAVE TO
WOULDN'T HAVE TO
I will leave the party early because I.
.. ..
.. study for my exam.
I will leave the party early because I have to stud}' for my exam.
I got up early this morning because I............ do my homework.
I got up early this morning because I had to do my homework.
I will stay up late tonight because I ............................. go to work tomorrow.
I will stay up late tonight because I don't have to go to work tomorrow
I stayed up late last night because I .......... .... .. 10 go to work on Saturday.
I stayed up late last night because I didn't have to go to work on Saturday
1. My children are very happy because they ......... .... ..
.... . do any homework today
2. They..... ..... .... ... ......... be here at ten oclock because the meeting starts early.
3. When I arrive home, I ........................ .... .. explain the reason why I was late for school.
4. They have plenty of time. They ... ... ..
5. I ....
......
hurry to the cinema.
... .................. work hard if I won a lot of money in lottery
6. What time did you.. .... ... .. ..... .. get up this morning?
7. Susan ..... .. .... .. do her homework ever}' day but she ... .....
............. study at weekends.
8. Does your father ............................. ..... support his family?

9. We .................... .. ... wear school uniforms at school.
10. Students.. ... ... .............. be in class at lunch time.
11. Do you .... .... .. .................. learn a foreign language at school?
12. What did your mother ..................... ..
... wear in Saudi Arabia when she went shopping?
13. Did you ........................................ write the letter in English?

14. Nathalie Cardone. ......... .. ... ......... save money because she was rolling in money
15. Did you
.... .. .................. lend him any money when you were at the boarding school?
16. The child .............. ......... ... understand the meaning of poverty, I think.
17. We .... .......... ... .... do the shopping when our mother was ill.
18. We have got plenty of space in the new building, so your father................spare an office any more.
19. You
.... .... .. .. ...... wear your safety belts when you are driving.
20. I think I. ................................. learn Persian if I go to Iran.

21. The students .... ...... ... .... ... .. carry all the chairs into the garden yesterday.
22. My sister .... .. .................... study the history of India in order to be an Indian citizen.
323
EXERCISE 282 :THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERB (USED TO)

Complete the following sentences using structures below to express a habitual action in the past.
USED TO
DIDN'T USE TO
NEVER USED TO
THERE USED TO
THERE DIDN'T USE TO
Example:
+
+
+
+
+
PLAIN INFINITIVE
PLAIN INFINITIVE
PLAIN INFINITIVE
BE
BE
My mother is not happy now, but she .. ...
..
...
..
..
.... .... ... ... ..
.. . ..
...
My mother is not happy now, but she used to be happy when she was in Paris.
I go to the cinema often, but I ...
... . ......................................................... ..
.. ... ..
I go to the cinema often, but I didn't use to go to the cinema when I was young.
I go to the theatre often, but...
...
...........
. ...
... ... .... .............. ... . ... ... ..
I go to the theatre often, but I never used to go to the theatre when I was young.
There is not a theatre in the city now, but.......... ..... .... ... . .........................
... ... ..
There is not a theatre in the city now. but there used to be one sixty years ago.
There is a mosque in the village, but.
...
........ ...... ... ..... ..... ...
..................
There is a mosque in the village, but there didn't use to be one forty years ago.
a. Julia is very fat now, but she. ... ..
... .... ..
.............. ... ... .... ....
b. My father is very poor now, but he .............. ... ..
... .. .... .........
c. We don't see horses in the cities now, but we .. ...
...
...
.. . ..
d. Jane doesn't have a car now, but she ... .............. .. ... ..... ...
..
e. There is not a mosque near the hospital, but there ..... .... ... ... ..
f. They don't live in luxury now, but they
.... ...
... .......................
g. Olga is quite thin now, but she ........................... ... ...

h. I smoke a pipe now, but I ......... ..
.. ...
...
i. My father helps the poor now, but he ......... . ..
...
. .. .
. ... ........ ......
.... ...
.... ..... ....... ........ .
j. My mother isn't very beautiful now, but she ....... ..
..
...
... ....
k. They don't have a dog any more, but they ........ ... .... ... ................
l. My daughter isn't very shy now, but she .. ..............
..
....
..
m. They live in a small village now, but they ..
.. . .... ......... ... ...
n. Lisa sucks her thumb now, but she ............ .
...
..
... ...
...........
o. My father doesn't drink beer any more, but he .... ....... ..... ..... ....
p. There is not a sheriff in our town now, but there ....
.. .. ...............
q. Many people dont go to church now, but they
....
..
..
.........
r. There is a cemetery in the heart of the city, but there .... ... ...
s. I don't take my dog for a walk any more, but I .......... .... ... ...
t. There is not a swimming pool in this area, but there ......................
324
..
..

Complete the following sentences with "must" or "mustn't" to express "Obligation", "Necessity" or
"Prohibition" in (he present or future, to give opinions about something or to make an invitation.
Example :
You ....................... smoke on the Underground, (prohibition)

You mustn't smoke on the underground.
You ........................ pay your rent on time, (obligation)
You must pay your rent on time.
1. You.. ....... ..... .. .. play loud music early in the morning. Your neighbours will get angry.
2. You ....... ... .... .. wear jeans if you are going for an interview tomorrow.
3. The doctor said to the patient, "You ... ... ... ... stay in bed and you .... ... ... ... eat fatty foods".
4. You ....
... ... . .... cross (he street when the light is red.
5. You..... .... .....
forget to write and thank them for their hospitality.
6. I............................. get a pair of new shoes; my old ones are worn out.
7. This letter is urgent. It......................
8. I . ....
be sent by fax to the States this morning.
..... ..... write a cheque for the rent today
9. You are very careless. You .................... ...
be more careful in future.
10. I don't want anybody to know that. You ...... ............. . tell anyone what I told you.
11. You ...... ... .... .. stand up when the teacher comes into the classroom.
12. The little girl..
. .. ... .. go home before it gets dark,
13. Your father is too fat. He ....... ......... ... eat too much bread or drink alcohol.
14. You.... .... ..... .. talk to everybody politely.
15. You ........... ..... ..... have a lot of money; otherwise, you can't think of living in Paris.
16. You .
..... ......... go and see the new Spielberg film. It is wonderful, indeed.
17. You
....
.. ..... .. make too much noise or you will wake the baby.
18. You .............. .. ....wash lettuce before making a salad.

19. We ................................. walk on the grass in the park.
20. You ....... .... .. ..... call a doctor if your flu goes on for longer than a week.
21. Little children .... .... .. .. .. go to bed late.
22. You........... ..... ..... borrow people's things without asking them first.
23. If you go to Cyprus you ... ..... .........
drive on the right side of the road.
24. You .............................. drive a car if you don't have a driving licence.
25. You
.. . ................ come and visit us whenever you come to Istanbul.
26. That is a wonderful book. You .................................. really read it.

27. You...... .. ..
.. keep dangerous chemicals in a sate place in your house.
28. Children ..................... ......... play with sharp knives.

29. You have failed the test again. You ........................... . be ashamed of yourself.
325

Complete the following sentences with the construction below to express a "Positive" or "Negative" Logical
Deduction about the present.
MUST
CAN'T
Example:
+
+
PLAIN INFINITIVE
PLAIN INFINITIVE
The lift is not working. It...
.... be out of order.
The lift is not working. It must be out of order.

He has got fair hair, so he . ..
.... be an Indian.
He has got fair hair, so he can't be an. Indian.

1. She ......... .......... be a doctor. She doesn't look old enough.
2. Her bed room light is on, so she .. .... .... be asleep now.
3. There
. .. .... be someone in the house; there is smoke coming from the chimney.
4. They don't know each other, so they
..
....
be strangers.
5. You haven't stopped yawning for the past twenty minutes, Janet . You .............. .... . be tired.
6. I had difficulty in starting the car. There .
.... .... be something wrong with the batter)'.
7. I hear your daughter has got a really good job. You .... ...
.... be very proud of her.
8. The dog is barking fiercely, so there ............ .. be someone at the door.

9. There is somebody at the door. It is ten oclock. It
..
.be the postman.
10. Your father has been off work for five weeks. He ... .....
11. We have just started working. You .
be very ill.
... ... be tired already.
12. She is always spending money like water. She.
..
..
be very rich.
13. Your father has been running since the sun rose. He .... ............ be very tired.
14. It is twelve oclock and Vince is not answering the phone; he..
15. You look just like Jackie; you ...
..
.. be out.
... be her sister.
16. If you feel like swimming another mile, you ............ .... .be tired.
17. By my watch it is live oclock, but if that is the 6 oclock news, my watch .. ... ..
be slow.
18. You know lots of things about English grammar. Then you ... . .. .... be an English teacher.
19. Angela writes a lot of letters to her friends. She.
..
... have a lot of spare time.
20. The teacher ..... beat home. No, he ... be at home because I saw him in the staff room five minutes ago.
21. A lot of people travel by plane, so flying ... ..... . be dangerous.
22. The child cannot buy even a loaf of bread. He ... .............. be very poor.
23. You..... ... ...
be hungry yet; you had dinner only an hour ago.
24. If the teacher is shouting at everybody, she ....... ............ be very angry.
25. Janet.................. be married because she is only fifteen years old.
326

Answer the following questions using the structures on the list below to express "Criticism" or "Regret"
about the past actions.
SHOULD
OUGHT TO
Example:
+
+
HAVE
HAVE
+
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE
A: Did you give up smoking last year?

B: I should have given up smoking last year, but I didn't.
A: Did you tell your father the truth last night?
B: I ought to have told my father the truth, but I didn't.
1.A: Did your sister stop eating chocolates when she got Fat?
B: _______________________________________________________________
2. A: Did your father get up early this morning?
B: _______________________________________________________________
3. A: Did your son work hard when he was at school?
B: _______________________________________________________________
4. A: Did Helga help her mother in the kitchen last night?
B: _______________________________________________________________
5. A: Did you do all the exercises correctly?
B: _______________________________________________________________
6. A: Did your father telephone you last night?
B: _______________________________________________________________
7. A: Did your father save all his money to buy a new car?
B: _______________________________________________________________
8. A: Did you introduce your girlfriend to your parents last week?
B: _______________________________________________________________
9. A: Did your friend become a doctor like his father?
B: _______________________________________________________________
10.A: Did your gardener water all the flowers yesterday?
B: _______________________________________________________________
11.A: Did you warn your children about the dangers of the safari?
B: _______________________________________________________________
12.A: Did you apologize to your teacher for what you had done?
B: _______________________________________________________________
13.A: Did you learn Arabic when you were in Saudi Arabia?
B: _______________________________________________________________
14.A: Did you write the tellers in English?
B: _______________________________________________________________
15.A: Did you sleep with all the windows closed last night?
B: _______________________________________________________________
327

Complete the following sentences with the structures below to express a "Positive" or "Negative" Logical
Deduction about the Past.
MUST
CAN'T
Example :
+
+
HAVE
HAVE
+
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE
A: Did you hear the explosion last night?

B: No, I didnt. I must have been fast asleep.
A: The prisoner escaped at night.
B: He can't have escaped at midnight because he was with me all night,
1.A: My brother speaks Spanish fluently.

B: He ______________________ lived in Spain for a long time then.
2. A: I saw a ghost last night.
B: You ______________________ seen a ghost; there aren't any ghosts in this world.
3- A: She told me that her father went to London.
B: You ______________________ misunderstood her, because her father went to Paris.
4. A: As I was standing in the hall, your dog bit me.
B: It______________________ been my dog; it was with me all day long.
5. A: The fish has disappeared. I wonder if the cat has eaten it.
B: Well, if the fish has disappeared, the cat ______________________ eaten it.
6. A: I saw Judy in the cinema last night.
B: You ______________________ seen her; she is still in hospital.
7. A: The burglar went straight to the safe although it was hidden behind a picture.
B: Someone ______________________ told him where it was.
8. A: My pocket is empty. Have I spent all my money?
B: Well, if your pocket is empty, you ______________________ .spent all your money.
9. A: Marisa is very late. I wonder if her car broke down.
B: Well, if she is late, her car ______________________ broken down.
10. A: Rose wrote the letter in English.
B: She ______________________ written it in English, because she doesn't know English.
11. A: People used to walk ten kilometres to do their shopping many years ago.
B: They ______________________ had a lot of time and energy in those days.
12. A: The door was open when I came home.
B: it______________________ been open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.
13. A: Do you know why Gilda is walking to work?
B: She ______________________ missed the bus again.
14- A: Anita went to sleep in the park and when she woke up her purse had vanished.
B: Someone ______________________ stolen it when she was asleep.
328

Rewrite the following sentences using the structures below to express "Logical Deduction" about the Past.
MUST
CAN'T
+
+
Example:
HAVE
HAVE
+ PAST PARTICIPLE
+
PARTICIPLE
I think the thief opened my handbag while I was talking to my friend.

The thief must have opened my handbag while I was talking to my friend.
I dont think that my boss has read your report yet. My boss can't have read your report yet.
1. I am sure that the bottles were delivered to the warehouse.

2. I am not sure that the manufacturer made some amendments to the contract.
3. I don't think that the locks have been changed.
4. I am sure that they sent us at least ten copies of the report.
5. I dont believe I have lost the keys. I think I have left them at home.
6. I think the man saw the address of the agency on the brochure.
7. I am not certain that your father wrote that article about inflation in Turkey.
8. I dont think that demand for their products was very high last year.
9. I am sure that Sharon has got used to her new job in this office.
10. I don't suppose that Wendy went and reported the matter at the police station.
11. I am pretty sure that David has gone to try out his new car.
12. I dont think that I left my finger-prints on the gun, because I was wearing my gloves.
13. Hilda has had a very long interview. I am sure that she has got the job.
14. Oh no! When I was cooking these vegetables, I think I didn't put any sail in them.
15. I dont think that he has been made redundant. He was only promoted last week.
329

Make a comment for the following situations using the structures below to express Advice", "Obligation" or
"Criticism".
SHOULD
+ HAVE
SHOULDN'T + HAVE
Example:
+
+
PAST PARTICIPLE
PAST PARTICIPLE
A: I was poisoned because I ate some poisonous mushrooms by mistake.

B: You shouldn't have eaten those mushrooms.
A: I didn't do my homework, so my teacher got angry with me.
B: You should have done your homework.
1.A: I didn't write down the address, so I have forgotten it.

B: You ___________________________________________________________________
2. A: Helen didn't stand still while she was being photographed.
E: She ___________________________________________________________________
3. A: My father caught a terrible cold, because he went out without a coat.
B :He ___________________________________________________________________
4. A: The room is full of flies, because my mother opened all the windows.
B: She ___________________________________________________________________
5. A: The driver in front stopped suddenly without giving a warning and I drove into the back of his car.
B: The driver
___________________________________________________________________
6. A: My brother lost many opportunities, because he didn't take the exam.

B: Your brother ___________________________________________________________________
7. A: I am broke now, because I spent all my money foolishly.
B: You
___________________________________________________________________
8. A: The teacher shouted at me this morning, because I didnt wear a tie.

B: You ___________________________________________________________________
9. A: The man treated the animals cruelly, that's why my son started to cry.
B: The man ___________________________________________________________________
10. A: Marisa slipped and broke her ankle, because she was wearing high heeled shoes on the icy pavement.
B: She ___________________________________________________________________
11. A: The policeman gave Fiona a ticket, because she had parked her car in a no-parking zone.
B: Fiona
___________________________________________________________________
12. A: Romeo jumped into The lake although he didn't know how to swim.
B: He ___________________________________________________________________
13. A: My father drove the ear after taking four sleeping pills.
B: He ___________________________________________________________________
14. A: My sister is upset because you didnt write her a letter .
B: I am sorry, I
___________________________________________________________________
330

Complete each sentence with a proper "Preposition" on the list below.
ON
AT
IN
OF
WITH
FOR
TO
FROM
ABOUT
1. I am ashamed...................... my children's behaviour.

2. The house is still .................. fire.
3. She was still................... pain after her operation.
4. Helen takes great pride
......... .. her new car.
5. ... .... ..... his great surprise, he won the first prize.
6. The prisoners were .. .. ....... the mercy ................. the ruthless guardians.
7. George is a very mean person. He finds it difficult to part.
............. his money
8. The man was found guilty ...... ... .. murder.

9. ..... .... first I thought he was very rude, but now I like him.
10. He has not heard .................... his father................... ages.
11. There is a house. ............... sale near here.
12. My brother is always very critical...................... his friends.
13. He insisted...... ....
having his lawyer present.
14. The soldier was presented .... .. .. a gold medal after the war.
15. I will go to Canada ........... ...good and I will never come back again.
16. I would like to apologize .................... you .. .... ..... what I said.
17. The teacher is always complaining .......... ... the parents
...... .... the students.
18. I am not .............. good terms ....................... my brother; we are always fighting.
19. The teacher accused the child ................ his bad behaviour.
20. Such behaviour is characteristic ... ...... ..... Jane. She is always doing such things.
21. She was .... ....... a hurry and didn't notice that she had dropped her purse.
22. The watch he bought ... .. .. the man was identical ................ the one I had lost.
23. I really congratulate you . .... ... ... your great success.
24. She is very keen ... ......... .. playing computer games.
25. He was jealous . .. ..... .. his friend's success.
26. Your dress is really very similar.... ..
.. the one I have just bought.
27. Olga spent all her money ... ........... a new car.
28. John claimed that he was not guilty ..................... committing the crime.
29. I am not accustomed ....................... driving .................... the left side of the road.
30. Mothers always worry ..... .. .. their children, and so do fathers.
31. My father is frightened.................. snakes.
32. The plane was getting ready to land .... ..... ... the airport
33. My wife is very fond ..................... working in the garden.
331
...... ......Miami.
EXERCISE 290 :PREPOSITIONS (2)

ON
AT
IN
TO
WITH
FOR
OF ABOUT
OVER
FROM
1. Have you found the solution . ..... ... .... . the problem?
2. He is a very big boy ........................ his age.
3. All the trees in our garden are now .................... .blossom.
4. He had a strange expression. ............... his face when he said that he loved me.
5. I haven't got much talent.......... ... .music.
6. We are ..................... favour.... .. .............. this reform.
7. Are you married .... ... ......... Gilda?
8. I always try to be patient.......... ...
.. my students.
9. Handle this parcel............ .... care; it contains something breakable.

10. The horse was able to jump .... ............. the high wall.
11. I haven't got any money ........................ me
12. I have never bought an avocado, so I can't tell a ripe one ..................
. an unripe one.
13. I prefer red cars ...... .... ... ... blue ones.
14. We must book a room ........................... advance if you really want to go there.
15. He was a man ............................. great determination.
16. The teacher was delighted .... ......... .... the students' progress.
17. We are all familiar .............. .... .. the French literature, but the American literature is unfamiliar
18. .............................. me.
19. I will pay you a hundred dollars ...... ... ... .cash. .... . .......... the machine.
20. James was very proud .... ..... ... .... his brother.
21. She is not interested .......................... classical music.
22. My father doesn't have any confidence ........................... me.
23. The car was going... ........ .... 100 miles an hour when the accident happened,
24. I haven't seen you ....... .... ..... . ages. Where have you been?
25. He sells ...... ..... ... . the average twenty cars a day.
26. Everything was ..... .... .......... darkness when the lights went out.
27. Don't worry ............................ being unemployed; I am ............................ the same boat.
28. I dont agree .......... ....... the man who says that Turkey is full ........................ impostors.
29. I am sick and tired .............................. living in Istanbul.
30. We are waiting............................. the arrival............................. his plane.
31. My father has been working .... ... ......... the B.B.C ........................ . a long time.
32. We go to the theatre ...... .. .... .... irregular intervals.
33. I saw a cowboy.... ... .... ... the distance.
332

AT
TO
FOR FROM
IN
WITH
ABOUT
BY
1. We will go .. ...
INTO
ON
AGAINST
OVER
.... the circus tonight if my father comes home ... ....
..
. time.
2. When we arrived.......... .. ..... Paris, it was raining cats and dogs.

3. You are mistaken. I dont agree .................. ..you ..
....
this point.
4. I never listen .. ... .. .... the radio while I am doing my homework.

5. If you believe . ... .. ..
6. I prayed
justice, you must believe
... ...
. the existence of God.
.. .... .. . Jane because she was having hard times.
7. Hammer the nail ..
... .. this wood, will you?
8. I was surprised .... ... .... .. what my teacher said
..
... ... the Prime Minister.
9. We have not heard .. .. .......... Wendy ..... .... .... a long time.
10. I would like to thank everyone ... ..
... ... all the help they have given me.
11. She confused her ... ... .. .. asking many difficult questions.
12. The soldiers were marching ... .... .... ... the bridge when the time-bomb exploded.
13. The Church of Highland broke .
.... ..
Rome ..... ............. the reign of Henry "VIII.
14. Some people make a lot of fuss .... ... ..
their food.
15. He was blamed ... .... ... .... breaking the law.
16. The actor appeared . .............. ..... .... "Sons and Lovers" last year.
17. The criminal goes ............................. the name of John.
18. When we got...... ...... ... the house, no one was there.
19. The burglar was wearing a mask .. ...... .. his face.
20. The soldiers complained ....... ........... the commanding officer ... ..
..
. the bad conditions.
21. All of a sudden, the storm developed .................. a typhoon.

22. The wreckage ... ... ... . the plane scattered
23. The snake changed ... .. ........
.. ........ a large area.
a beautiful lady.
24. What a pity that he quarrel resulted .
..
..
.. a fight.
25. The slaves rose .... ... .... .. their cruel master.
26. The bull rushed .... .... ... .. me, because I was dressed .. .......
27. I am shaking hands. ... ... ..
28. She got frightened. .
.. red.
.. my English teacher.
.... .... the sight of the dead man.
29. The citizens protested ... ... .
. the new law.
30. This corridor opens ............. ......... the hall.

31. She will witness .. .... .. ... Smith
..
.. .... the trial, because she hales him.
32. I closed my eyes and wished .... ...... .... a car.

33. The destroyer collided ........................ the United States nuclear submarine.
333
EXERCISE 292 PREPOSITIONS (4)

AT
AROUND
ON
IN
BEHIND
BETWEEN
1. I saw the teacher . ..
UNDER
AMONG
....... the bus-stop half an hour ago.
2. He was in the first submarine that sailed
..... . .... the North Pole.
3. The books which you gave me are lying ..... .

4. She is
.....
ABOVE
BELOW
... .. the floor.
.... . the kitchen helping her mother.... ..... ........ the moment
5. The captain of the ship was

6. Do you live .. ..
.........
...
the sailors who had abandoned the ship.
......... Samsun?
7. There are too many cars ............ . the roads today.

8. Helen lives ...... .. ... the third floor.
9. As it was raining heavily, we decided to stay .... ............ home last night.
10. I was ......
.. .. work all day ........... ..
11. She will witness against David ........
Saturday.
..
the trial.
12. This painting looks nice ... ... ...... this wall.
13. Living together without getting married is increasingly common . ....
14. The Mississippi River is the longest river ........... ..
15. We ran into Carol
... ..
..... .. the young.
the United States of America.
.... the exhibition the other day.
16.He works. .. ... ..... the Bank of England.

17.Arnavutkoy is . .......... .. Bebek and Kurueme.
18. The teacher is sitting.. ..
19. The children ......... ..
....... . the table and writing a letter.

. 14 years of age are not allowed to see this film.
20. We are. going to have a holiday ...
...... the mountains.
21.When the train arrived .. ............ the station, we bought a newspaper.

22. The visitors are sitting
23. A light started
24. I am looking .....
......... ..
the balcony ................ the moment.
.. ... ..... the two groups of boys.

... ..
. the example ... .....
...the board.
25.We didn't see you ............ ... ... the party last night.
26.We had breakfast ........... ..... ... the garden this morning.
27.The captain of a ship is ...... .... ....... a seaman.
28. I dreamt of you last night. You were ..
.. .. ....... a bus going . ..
.. ... .. Ankara.
29.Samsun and Ordu are . .. .... ..... the Black Sea.

30.Kars is ........ .... .. the eastern part of Turkey, isn't it?
31. The burglar heard a noise coming from upstairs, so he hid ..... ........
the curtains.
32. Some politicians walked ...... ... ... the crowds, shaking hands with the people.
33. The plane took off and was soon flying ..... ........ over clouds.
334

OF
AT
FROM
FOR
IN
TO
ABOUT
WITH
1.That is very kind ............. ... .. you To show me the way to the hospital.
2. I am proud ........ ..
.. being a Turkish citizen.
3. My father is very good . .. ... ... . playing table tennis.

4. It was a good film ..... ... ........ beginning.... .... .... .end.
5. He is very different ...................... his sister.
6. Mersin is famous .......................... its oranges.
7. He was shouting.
... .... ... the top of his voice.
8. I have been interested .... ... ... ... the stars...

9. My sister is very much afraid ..
..
..
.... . a long time.
... .. mice.
10. Why are you angry .............. .. .. me? Have I said something wrong?
11. My sister is very bad .. .. ... . ... tennis.
12. The teacher is very kind .... ... ........... her students.
13. Rose was absent...... ............class yesterday
14- She was annoyed ... ... .. .. what she heard.
15. Are you ashamed ................. ..your parents?
16. I am not really concerned .... .. ...
that side of the story.
17. I am very grateful...... .. ... my English teacher.... ....
..
. her great help.
18. She is very indifferent........ ........... the events happening in Turkey.

19.I am fond ........ ... .... classical music.
20. She was absorbed
.. .... ........... her book.
21.Are you related........................John Smith?

22.The guards walked.............................. and fro in front of the palace.
23.I think Sarah is connected .......................... the bank robbery
24'. The man was conscious .......................... being watched by the police.
25.I am not very enthusiastic ..... .. ..... .... working on Saturdays.
26.I am not very pleased ....... .. ....... the performance of the car.
27. If you are bored ... ... ........ listening to the radio, let's play chess.
28. He is always careful..........................his appearance.
29. He soon became adjusted .............................. his new job here.
30. She is married ................ .. two children.
31.I am very disappointed ...................... you.
32.Are you excited .... ............. going to Italy?
33.We can admire the magnificent view of the sea.................... . the hotel balcony
335

AT
UNTIL
ON
FOR
IN
TO
DURING
AFTER
1. I learnt to play the piano ..
SINCE
BEFORE
.. .. .. the age of ten.
2. He always visits his parents .... ..
..
.. Christmas.
3. My father came ........................ Istanbul

4. I have been in Germany . .. ..
5. I will wait here
FROM
..
. ............
August.
.. 1969.
................. the end of the game.
6. She lived. .. .... .. . London.. ... .... ... ten years.

7. I arrived ..
....... .. die station
8. I will be here ............
.. ..... ... ten oclock.
.. .. ten minutes.
9. We ran into Paul.. .. ..... ........ the early hours of the morning.
10. .... ............... ... Friday morning we left Istanbul . ........
.... Hamburg.
11. We will go.. .. ............Antalya.......... .. ... the spring.

12. I will have breakfast.... ... ...... the exam.
13. My sister usually goes swimming ..
14. We always have a big party.......... ..
15. He was hanged .... . ... ..
16. .........
..
.............. the weekend.

.. New Year's Eve.
dawn.
..... my stay in hospital, I lost twelve kitos.
17. They took rests .. .... ............... work every three hours.
18. .. ........................ which century was Beethoven born ?
19. She has been married ................ ... Frank ....... .... ... ten years.
20. Do you have snow ........... ..... your country ...
21. She burst into tears ..
... ...
.. the winter?
............. hearing the tragic news.
22.I cried ..... .. . ....... the end of the film.

23..................... .. the wedding ceremony, all the guests went home.
24.I always go and see her ... ... ............ her birthday
25.I have to be back ... .. .. ... twelve oclock.
26.I was very nervous ....... ........... the examination.
27.We arrived there .................. ... lunch time.
28.They got married .................. .. the first of April.
29.We will play tennis .. ................... Wednesday afternoon.
30.He lay. .................... agony until the doctor came.
31....................... .... her maiden voyage, the Titanic met with disaster.
32.The stewardess showed us how to use a life jacket.. ..... . ........ the beginning of the flight.
33. I lived in Paris ...... ... .... ...... five years, .... .................... 1976
336
.................... 1981.

AT
I'OR
TO
FROM
1. My father is.. .. ....
ON
IN
SINCE
the ship sailing.. . ....
UNTIL
Japan.
2. I saw a shadow .. .... .. ... my left when I got out of the house.
3. I get up
. six oclock
. ....
..
the morning.
4. We don't, get up early . ...... .. ... Sunday mornings.

5. I believe ......
.. ..
God.
6. I have been working . ........

7. They live ... ..... ...
8. ...
... the T.R.T.
..
.years
.. 15 Royal Street.
.. .... .. a quarter-past ten. I was still waiting ..
9. She was injured
... ... ...
. my friend.
a train crash.
10. He is a man .. ... .. . great physical strength.

11. She is afraid ....
.. losing her money and fame.
12. I haven't seen you ... . ... . ages.

13. She learned English ... ..
.. .... six months.
14. Their names were not ..... ............... . the passenger list.
15. What do you wish ... .... .... your birthday?
16. There were some people .. .. ....... the queue..
17. I was introduced ... .. ..
18. Bursa is famous .
... front....
..
.. me.
her parents yesterday.
.. ... .. its peaches.
19. They accused him ... .. .. ... robbing a bank.

20. I am going to apply.. .. ..
that job as soon as possible.
21. It does little good to argue ................ . a judge.

22. It often takes a long time to recover .. ...... a serious illness.
23. Wearing these clothes while working will protect you ..
24. We are very different .
.. .... .. each other.
25. She is very fond .......
.. .walking in the rain.
26. Can I buy duly-free goods .. ..

27. I was repairing the car......
..
... . .. possible injury.
the plane?
.. ..... 8 oclock .......... ..... eleven oclock this morning.
28. She has been suffering . ... .. .... malaria . .

29. I am working with a pen . .. ..
...
..
..1999.
my hand, and I am sitting...........
30. This old church dates .. .. ... ... the twelfth century.
31. The children stayed awake ..................... midnight.
32. ..
.... ....... least ten students were .
..
33. I am very grateful........... .. ..Helen ........
the cinema last night.

.
... her great help.

337
..
a table.

BY
ON
AT
OFF
WITH
INTO
LIKE
FROM
FOR
OUT OF
OF
1.
We always go to the cinema ...
2.
She charmed the guests ...... ................ her smiles.
3.
The prisoner is charged .................. .. I reason.
4.
I have great admiration .. .... ..
5.
Ursula says it is romantic to have dinner .. ... .. .....candlelight.
6.
I always go to the cinema ....... ............... my Friends.
7.
She goes to school... ..
8.
The ashtray hit him .. ... .. .. the head.
9.
A number of students have been arrested .... ....
10.
That was not an accident; you did ... ...
11.
His wound was treated ............. ...... . the new ointment.
12.
Rebecca and Mandy are armed ..... .... ..
13.
He recited the whole poem .. ............. ...... memory.
14.
Rosemary lives
15.
Henry insisted.
16.
I want to do something nice,
17.
Some sweets must be saved.. .... ... ..... the children.
18.
The car was
19.
I have won a lot .... ..
20.
They will sell the car ...................... .. a low price.
21.
Caroline's husband is .... . ... ... work now. He has been looking for a job.
22.
Several people were arrested ........... ..connection ..
23.
The doctor usually travels ..................... plane.
24.
The poor man had been stabbed ........ ... . . a knife.
25.
The Concorde can travel. .... .... .... very high speeds.
26.
He lost his job .. ....... .being drunk.
27.
I am a bit short... ......... ... money
28.
They took a taxi.. ........... .. the airport ....
29.
When they arrived home, they got ..
30.
All the books suddenly fell ...
31.
He was very tired when he got back .. ....
32.
He lost control...................... the car and it went
33.
She came ... ... ..... the room and all the students stood up.
.. .
... bus.
. Atatrk.
.foot.
..
..
... the police.

purpose.
.. spears.
her parents.
... ... ... complaining .. ...

..
....
the manager........
.. person.
.... .. going to die cinema.
. .. ............ good condition when it was bought.

......... money ..........
..
.. gambling.
....... .. the bank robbery.
. . the hotel.
... ... the car.

.
the shelf.
... . . the party.
..
338
... the road.

BY
WITH
AT
FOR
IN ON
FROM
OF
OFF
TO
1.I am fed up .. ...... ........ your remarks about my compositions.

2. Did you come ... .... ...
the U.K. .. ...
..business?
3. Thai painting is ..... .... ..Picasso.

4. If you join the club, you must abide ..... .... . its rules.
5. .. ........... all his faults he is still a good husband.
6. The burglar has been charged ..... ...
.. seven crimes.
7. I am not acquainted .. ... ... that man. Do you know him?

8. What time is it.. ................... your watch?
9. We agreed..................... the price ....... .... the car.
10. How did you do .... .... ..... the science lest?
11. The decision rests .. .. ... ...you.
12. I am not.... ....... ... friendly terms ... .... ... the landlady ...................... the moment.
13. A fire broke out ..... ... .... one of its engines and soon the whole wing was . ... .....flames.
14. I did badly ... .. ....... that exam.
15. She reprimanded him ................... breaking the window.
16. They claim that crime is .... ... ... the increase in Turkey.
17. Henry VIII wanted the church to cancel his marriage ................... . Catherine of Aragon.
18. ... ...... .. last I have managed to cure him . .................... that nasty habit.
19. This house reminds me .............. the house I grew up in.
20. I didn't go downstairs because I was afraid .. ... the dark.
21. He sat listening ..................... the sound of her key in the door.
22. The man spoke .................... a foreign accent.
23. We are often suspicious ........ .... ..... strangers.
24. She paid the bill....................... cheque.
25. The prisoner tried To conceal the truth . ....
26. . ....
.. the judge.
.... my arrival home, I was greeted ........ my parents.
27.The house was crowded ... ........ students.

28.He spoke ..... ... .... an air of authority.
29.My friend fell .... ... .... his bicycle while he was looking at a beautiful girl.
30.It was pouring .... .... ...... rain.
31.The man who is hard........................ hearing pretends to be a famous writer.
32.Most people do not object ... ................ giving ..... .......... charity.
33.He is fully aware .. ....... the risks he takes.
339

Complete the following sentences with the necessary "Prepositions".
1. You have to pay for the tickets
... .... ....advance.
2. She apologised ... ... .... .... being late.

3. He accused me . ............. . . stealing his pen.
4. She learned the poem . ................... heart.
5. She is always complaining. .................... my teacher...........
....
her friends.
6. I am not very keen ...... .. ..... tennis.

7. I should be able to cope .......... .... .. this problem.
8. Everyone enjoyed the film ...... ..
.. .me.
9. The storm resulted .... .. ............. the deaths of over fifty people.
10. The manager took several phone calls
...
............ my interview.
11. He is ....... .... ........ the impression that you love him.
12. .. ....
.......... my request, they ordered me a taxi.
13. Everything is ... .... ........... control. There is no need to panic.

] 4. She told me that she had sent the letter...
..
......... post a week ago.
15. Strawberries are ... .... ... ...... season at the moment, so they are very expensive.
16. I have heard this song so many times that I know it .........
17. I am afraid that these jumpers are ........ .
18. The natives are armed .. ...........
19. I am tired ..... .. ..
..
.... heart.
. stock, so we cannot find them.
spears.
.. wearing this old jacket.
20. I will go to Japan ... ............... good. I will never come back again.
21. We inflated the balloon ................ ..gas.
22. The mixture consists .. ... ........... soda and time.
23. They insisted ..... .... .......... our staying for lunch.
24. I am ashamed ....... .... .. .. my son's behaviour.
25. He showed great attention .. ............... his work.
26. My sister always puts the blame ....
............... me.
27. Our English teacher is always careful .................
his appearance,
28.The dog shows great affection .... .............. his master.

29. The boy was afraid .. .. . the dog, so he couldn't enter the garden.
30.He spoke.... .... ............ an air of authority at the meeting.
31.What is the alternative ........... . this question?
32.James received no answer................ ... his letter.
33. I began my musical education .. ................... the age ....... ...
34.I am going to stay here ............ ..... .. the end of the month.
340
... five.

1.The workers don't want to work ............ . .. these conditions.
2.The plan was prepared . .. ............. patience.
3. I always pay my electricity bill
... . ... . cash.
4. We are looking forward .. ... .. ...... seeing you next week.

5. The man had a craving. ....
.. .... alcohol, so I didn't mam 'him.
6. The taxi was going.......... .. .... a tremendous rate.

7. You will have to put up .. ... ... ..... them for a little longer.
8. She is
......... the habit of talking .
...
9. I am very grateful .... ... ... ... Angela ........ ..

10. While....
...... herself.
... her great help.
.. .... . his way ............. .. the cinema, he met an old friend.
11. The two countries are now. ..
..
.. war. ................ . each other.
12. If I give you the information, what will you give me ....
13. I ran for the bus, and now I am .....
14. I will wait .. ................. you . ..
... ...
..
........... return?
breath.
.. the cinema, on the pavement.
15. No one can beat me .... .... ... ...backgammon.

16. He promised to be here by ten oclock ........... .
..fail.
17. We need to decide who is going to be ....... ...... ..... the committee.
18. This car runs. ...
........ unleaded petrol.
19. The football match starts .. .... ... . three oclock .. .... ....... . Saturday.
20. There has been a rise
... ... .. ... lire number of violent crimes ..
..
..
Turkey.
21. The difference .... .... .. . you and me is that I dont mind hard work.
22. I am having trouble .... .............. my car these days.
23. .... ..... ... the exam, Robert began to feel unwell, so the teacher sent me out.
24. I was
...... ............. the impression that you like football, but I was wrong.
25. She has talent .... .... ..... ..languages.

26. .. ....... ...... least nobody got hurt
.......
... the accident.
27. One of the irate fans threw a bottle
.............. the goalkeeper.
28. I fell in love .. .. ... ..... her the moment I saw her.
29. The car crashed
... ... ........ the wall and then burst....... ..
30. Many changes were made ......
.... flames.
... ... the last minute.
31. Ben Johnson was ....................... no means as innocent as he pretended.

32. I am looking for a pair of jeans ... . ........... my size.
33.She always stays here when he is ........ . .. .leave.
34. Do you want to come .................... a swim ....... ........... Saturday morning?
341

1. We are going.... .. .. .. Scotland.
..
. a holiday.
2. We haven't had a letter ....... ............. our parents ... ...
...
ages.
3. I havent cleaned my car ... ... ........ my birthday.

4. The house with the red door belongs . ........... ...... the Smiths.
5. Do you want me to write this letter ...
...
Hnglish7
..
6. I spent a lot of money ... .. ...... good food, not .
..
...
presents.
7. Pamela lay .............. ... .. the sun and then swam ....... ..... . the sea.
.. ... 5 oclock.
8. Steve often stays . ................. the office ..

9. She is going to the cinema with a friend
............... hers.
10. The car has run . ... ... .. petrol, so we cannot go anywhere.
11. Have you seen our English teacher. ......
..
the past few years?
12. I was accused..................stealing the money.

13. All flights have been cancelled because... ..... ......fog.
14. George congratulated me
. .............. passing my examination.
15. She knocked ... ..... ..... the door to wake me up.
16. Candidly speaking, I prefer Paris ... ... ... . London.
17. The roof............
.. . the house is . ... ....
..
18. Some people are not ... ... ............. favour
bad condition.
....
....... nuclear power in Turkey.
19. We ran into a friend .. ... .... ... yours in the street yesterday.
20. A plane carrying 28 passengers crashed .......... ...
21. lam.... ...
the sea the other day.
......... my way .. ................. school now
22. He hasn't replied .. ................. your letter yet.

23. Who is that girl standing ........................ the bus-stop?
24. In Britain people drive. .... .............. the left.
25. Tom spent his holidays ..... ... ......... a small island .................. the coast of Scotland.
26. London is .. .... . .......... the River Thames.
27. I was selling .. ............... the back .... ...
28. Have you ever worked ..................
..... the car when the accident happened.
a farm?
29. I was ..... ............. Tom's house last night.

30. Do you know if this train stops ... .... ....
31. Did you talk .. ... ... ....Jack........ ... ..
32. I am sorry ....... ... ....
Ankara?
your problem?
not phoning you last night. I completely forgot.
33. She is married .............. .. . a Spaniard and she is very happy.

34.It was very kind ........... .. ... you to send me these flowers!
342
35.Pamela went away.................. . saying good-bye.

36. Ann is very different
.. ... .. ..her sister.
37.I think the manufacturer wants .. ............... .. some amendments to the contract.
38.I hope... .... .......... .. a lot of skin diving on holiday.
39. He didn't get the job because he ........
... ........ badly in the interview,
40.He is .... ...... ....... .. some special training to be a pilot.

41.Does she.. ............... ... her share of the housework?
42. When I was at school, I used .................
43. One should have lots of patience... ...........
.... a lot of baby sitting at the weekends.

.... gymnastics.
44. Scarcely had the plane taken oil when the pilot had to .. .... ............... a forced landing.
45. When did you learn ....... ... ........... up your own shoe-laces?
46. ...
......... .. ... that parcel up, please.
47. Please sit down and .. ............... .. . yourself at home.

48. I will ..... ........ .. .. the beds before I go to school tomorrow morning.
49. The police hope ... ............ ..... an arrest very soon.
50. What association do you ........ ........ .... .. with the colour black?
51. Your diets are adjusted according to the progress you .. .... ...
52. I had to have some repairs ..
........
........
.. . to my car.
53. You had better .. ....... .... ....... your chores properly.
54. Without further apology, he .........
55. I told the secretary. ........ ...
.. ............ a dash for the telephone.
.......... all the arrangements for the meeting.
56. A change of job will.. ... ........... ..... you good, I suppose.
57. What are those clothes .. ............. ..
.. on the floor?
58. I don't love this woman as much as you ........... .............

59. It is quite difficult. ... .. ........ ... an exercise like this.
60. They will....
... ........ .. a firm offer for your house.
61. John is often behind in .. .. ........ . .... his payments.

62. I stayed at home and ................. ... ..... some reading.
63. When I ..... ... .............. an apology to a woman, I say, "I am sorry Madam".
64. Do you want .. .. ........... ... an assessment of this?
65. Fish and chips .......... ................. a good meal.
66. I don't know how you can.... .. ................. a crossword puzzle all evening.
67. I...... .................... a bit of tennis at the weekends.
68. I think Cathy will ......... .. ........ an excellent doctor.
69. She......... ............... many false statements at the meeting yesterday.
343
70. She .......... .... ......... a pantomime of put ling a key in the lock and finally the guy understood
that she wanted her room key.
71. He is....... ... .......... . a recommendation about the use of nuclear power.
72. The dragon
................ ... .. nothing but good.
73.Have you ..
.. ..
.. ... the pilgrimage?
74.......... ................... up your shirt, it is not......... ....
..
properly
75.What have you .................... .... ..with your bicycle? -I have put it in the yard.
76.I cannot................. ...... . without music.
77.He .................................. a model plane out of wood last night.
78.If you want....... .... .. ..
friends, you must have good manners.
79.He had .... .. .... ...... up his mind to be a doctor when he joined the navy.
80.The boy. ..................... up that story; it was no I true.
RISE /RAISE /ARISE:

1.I always wake up just after the sun has ...... ... ...
2. They ................. . money for the victims of the disaster last week.
3. The wind... .. .... .... .. the fallen leaves from the ground this morning.
4. Mistakes often ... ......................... from lack of organisation.
5. The water in the river is still ..
... .... after the storm.
6. My brother... .. ...... .. .... from the chair to greet the lady when he saw her.
7. New factories have ................................... on the edge of the town recently.
8. The price of bread has ....................... .. sharply recently.
9. We ......... ....................... the sunken ship to the surface of the sea the other day.
10. The River Rhine ....... .... .. .... ... in Switzerland.
11. They
..... ... .... .. horses and oxen in this area.
12. My mother has .......................... five children so far.

13. The horse .. ............................... on its hind legs a few minutes ago.
14. Before I started to make my speech, I ...................... .... my glass to the President' health.
15. The road ..................................... steeply from the village.
16. ................................ your voice! I can hardly hear you.
17. Their voices are ..
.. .... .... .. higher and higher with excitement at the moment.
18. She .................................. her finger to her lips as a sign lot silence when I started to cry.
19. The man ....................... ..... the fallen child to his feel when I went there.
20. I cannot... .. ... .... ... because of my broken leg.
21. My mother ................. ................. the lid of the box a few minutes ago.
22. My spirits.. ..... ... .... .... when I heard the good news.
344
23. The moon has not............................... yet.

24. My joke ..................................... a blush on the young girl's cheeks.
25. I will.............. ... .... a protest at the meeting if I go there.
26. He looked as if he had .... ..................... from the grave.
27. The quarrel... ..... ................... out of a misunderstanding last night.
28. They ....... ................ ... wheat and barley in this region.
29. The flood ... .. ..... .. ... three meters yesterday.
30. The man ...... .... ... .... ... his hat to the lady before he entered the house.
31. The teacher's voice .......................... ........ in anger when I made a mistake.
32. The mercury in the barometer has .. ...
..
..... .again.
33. He ................................. his eyebrows in surprise when he saw me cheating in the exam.
34. They ................................. no objection when I suggested going to the cinema.
35- His jokes barely ........... ............ a smile at the meeting yesterday.
36.The slaves... ... ..... .... .. against their cruel master last week.
37.We will have to put off making a decision because a problem has .. ..... .... .. ....
38.............. ................... your hand if you want to ask me a question.
39.You are not aware of the problems that............. ........ .... from rushing things too much.
40. Don't worry, I am going to .... ..... ... .... your salary.
41. Everyone .... .. .................. to their feel when the judge entered the courtroom.
42.The treasure was................................ to the surface by the divers last Saturday
43.Since the new equipment was installed, productivity has. ..... .................. considerably.
44.The hot air balloon.. .... ... ..... ..... quickly into the sky.
45.The misunderstanding has ......................... ... from the wording of the letter.
46.An argument........ ... ... ... over the bill last night
47.A storm ... ............................ after midnight last night.
48. They ... .... .. ...
an army of ten thousand men last week.
49. They ............. .........
a statue to the heroes of the revolution two months ago.
50. He ................ .. .... the question of unemployment at the ministerial meeting.

SAY / TELL / SPEAK / TALK :
1.Sebnem .... .. ........ ... that she cannot remember my name.
2.Historically ....................... .... , the island is of great interest.
3.Ash stepped on my foot and didnt I....................... .... sorry.
4.Tuncay ........ .... .... .... jokes better than anyone else I know.
5.Lei's make an early start tomorrow,.................................... at 5 a.m.!
6.I.................................. Yildiz that I had lost all my money.
7.Would you mind .................................. more slowly, please?
345
8.The psychiatrist encouraged Banu ............. ......... ..... over her problems.
9.Do you ...................... ....... that you don't love her anymore?
10.Do you mind ................................... me the time, please?
11.Do you always ... ....... ............ good morning to your parents?
12. Sevin........... .....
.. that she was making fun of the girl.
13. My father always. .... .... ......... ... the truth.

14. Meral................................. quietly, never raising her voice.
15. You must learn........
. .... .. "please" and "thank you".
16. Zeynep .................... . . to her mother on the phone every week.

17. Even at a party my Friends ............................... shop.
18. Whenever they are together, they ...
..
.. .......... politics.
19. It........ ..... .... ... in the instructions that you should shake it very well.
20. Please ................... ..me what you want.
21. Dilek
............... ...
yes, but Nilgun . .............
... no.
22. In their house it is Lora who wears the trousers, so .... ................ .
23. I don't understand what he ............ .... ....about.
24. That parrot.......... ..... ... ..... all day long.
25. My friend ..
... ............... nonsense at the moment.
26. Can I ............ ..... .... to/with Janet, please?

27. It goes without .... .. .................. that our plans depend on the weather.
28. Can you .. .. .......... ...... me how I can get to the airport from here?
29. I ..
.............. him not to make a noise in the room.
30. . ............... . your plans tail; then what will you do?
31. She ................. .
.. us a lovely story last night.
32. I have nothing......... .... .. ...to you.

33. The teacher ...... ... ... ..... him off for not doing his homework.
34. I ................. ... ... my prayers when I get into my bed.
35. She.... .... ..... ....... me the secret tomorrow,
36.I cannot............ ... ... .. which of the two is the elder.
37.She is the only woman who can .. .... ... ...... you your fortune.
38.Do you.. ..... .. ... ..... your grace before eating your meals?
39.My brother-in-law often .. .. ... .......... lies.
40.He looked at me but he didn't........... .... ... Hello.
41. I left the house without.................. ..
42. I cannot..
..
...goodbye.
................ the difference between the twins.
43.My father is very good at. ............ ........ jokes.

346
GAIN / WIN / EARN :

1. Monica ........................... a lot of experience recently.
2. The car......... .. .......... speed at the moment.
3. He ........ .... ... ...
the race last week.
4. She..... ......................a lot of money.

5. He ........................ ... possession of the house when his father died.
6. It has ... .. ... ...
her the respect of all her colleagues.
7. He has ..................... ... .. five pounds in weight over Christmas.

8. George.... .. ... .... ... his case because he had a very good defence lawyer.
9. She has ... .. ................. my love.
10. His roses ................. .... ... him a gold medal in the Flower Show the oilier day
11. My watch .... ....... .... .. five minutes a day.
12. They have ... ... .............. enormously in confidence since they started work.
13. In 1801 Nelson fought and.. ........................ the battle of Copenhagen.
14. An American firm has ...... ............... ... the contract for the reconstruction job.
15. He ............ .... ... .... the hearts of audiences everywhere.
16. He.
.................... a living as a car mechanic.
17. She has ..................... ....
her promotion through years of hard work.
18. Her latest book has ............................... her worldwide acclaim.

19. Coffee exports .................................... Brazil many millions of pounds a year.
20. The baby .............................. twelve pounds in a month.
21. I ...
.. ... .... a lot of weight while I was on holiday.
22. The Republicans are .. ... .... ..... ...... ground in the Southern States.
23. It is very difficult ... ...................... access to the office of the Prime Minister.
24. Which year was it that Italy .......... ... ... .... the World Cup?
25. This is the third medal she has ..... ... ............... this season.
26. If this government.... .. ........... the next election, I am leaving the country.
27. I think you have. ... .. .............. that argument, Peter.
28. What do you hope ........................... ..... from the course?
347
LIE/LAY:
1. If you are tired, you had better go and .....
... ..... ....down.
2. The dog ... ...................... on the back of the car when the accident happened.
3. The maid ................................ the table at the moment.
4. Our hens .........
5. I..........
.. ... ... two dozen eggs yesterday.
just... ..... ... the dictionary on your desk.
6. The man has been ..... .. .. ..... .... in prison for ten years.
7. A curse ................ always ..... .... on that family for years.
8. He said that he had never been there, but apparently he ........ .................. .......
9. A new submarine cable ...................... between England and the Netherlands.
10.They ..... ......... ...... a trap for their enemies yesterday.
11.The snow ................................ thick on the ground last week.
12.The town ............
... .... .. about two miles to the east of the city.
13.The final decision.................... .... .with the jury.

14. The ship
.. .... .. ....
anchor oil the coast of Cyprus yesterday.
15. I will do everything that.. ..... ......... ... in my power.

16. You have always .
........ to your parents, so they don't believe you any more.
17. They .... ... .... ....... the wounded woman down on the grass.
18. This workman is able ... ............. .. bricks very quickly.
19. She ..................................... a heavy burden on my shoulders saying that I would look after the children.
20. His body .... ........ .... ... in the graveyard of" this town.
21. I read anything I can
.. ... ..... ... .. my hands on when I was on holiday.
22. Don't leave your socks ............................... on the floor.

23. The fault appears .......... ... ... with the computer system.
24. I wonder what really. .... .. .. .... . behind her decision.
25. The dog................. ...........
its ears back and howled.
26. These discussions have .................. ...... .... the foundation for a change of policy.
27. ...... ....
....
down your weapons and surrender; your situation is hopeless.
28. She always ... .... ....... ...... about her age, so no one knows how old she really is.
29. They are ... ..... ... .... ... new telephone lines. That's why, the road is closed.
30. As he had been warned that bad weather ... .... ....... ahead, he changed course.
31. I...... ..............
my towel on the sands and ..
................... down on it after you went away.
32. These books ..... ..... ..... ....... . on the table for a long time.
33. She ........ ... ... .. great emphasis on good manners,
34. The scene of the story is .. ... .... .... .... in Ankara.
35. Will you please . .... .. .... .... aside that book for me?
348

Complete each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed
before it.
Example :
I haven't enjoyed myself so much for years.

It is.. .. ............. .. .. .
...
.......... .... ...
..
...... .
It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.

1.He got wet because he didn't have an umbrella.
If he .................... .... ............... .......
... ..................... ......... .... .. ..
.. ... ........
..
2. The plate was so hot that Caroline couldn't pick it up.

It was ... .... .. ..
.. .......... .
..
.. ................
..
... ........ .....
..
... ......... ,.
..
...... . - -
3. Bill didn't go to work because there was a transport strike.

If there.. ................. ....... .. ..... .....................
.... ...
...
........................
... ..
..... ...........
... ..
4. It is not always necessary to show your passport at the border.

You
.......... ......................
... ... .... .............................................................. .....
5. If a new bridge is not built, the traffic problem will get worse.
Unless ...........
..... ................ ... ..... ....
..
.. . .......... ... .
..
..
... .. . ........... ...
.........
6. The new motorway to the coast is still being built.

They are still ..... ................
..
..
..
.....
................. .. ..
.. ...
.............. .... ...
..
7. I prefer flying to going by ship.

I would rather......................
....... .... .... ................... ........ ...
.. .....................
..
...
8. Bill Brown started flying planes ten years ago.

Bill Brown has .............. ... .... .... .,
.. ....................... .
.... ..... ....
.............................. .. ...
.. .
9. They have already banned lorries from the centre of some cities.
Lorries....................... .
.....
..
... ... ... . ..... .....
.. ... ..
....................... ..
..
...
10. Public transport used to be cheaper than it is now.

Public transport isn't .. .. .
..
..
..
..
........ .....
.. ... .. ............
...
..
11. I have never been on a transatlantic flight before.

This is ... .... .. .............................. ... ... ..
..........................
.... .... ....
...................
.. .. ...
12. My father used to cycle more than he does now.

My father doesn't cycle .............. .... ...
.. . ............................ ...
.... ....
. ......... ..... ..... ....
.. .
13. The super jet flew from London to New York in only two hours.
It only took .................. .... ...
...................
... .. ............... .... ..
... ... .. .......
14. John's salary was so low that he demanded a pay rise,

John had. ........
.............. .
..
.... ...
.... .......... ......... ..
.. ... ...... .......... ... ...
15. It is too cold to go swimming today

It isn't ............... .... .. ... .......................... ... ..... ................................
349
..
... .............................. ...
....
16.I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema.

I prefer ...... ..
.. ..................... ... ...
............................ .. ... .. ... .................
17. Although he felt ill, Philip went to work.

In spite ................ .... ..... ... ..... ..... ...................................... ... .... .... ..........................
18. Are you still doing your homework?
Haven't you ........ ............ ............................................ .... .... .... .... .............
19. " Nancy, what about staying for dinner?" said Mge.
Muge invited ................. .. .... ....... .... ..... ...... .............................................. .......
20. Somebody will steal your bicycle unless you lock it.
Your bicycle ................................................................................................................................ ......
21. Paul wasn't healthy enough to become a soldier.
Paul was........... .. .... ... ... .... .... .... ..... ..... ..... ...... .... .... ..... -- ..... 22. Maureen didn't have enough holiday to visit her aunt in Australia.
Maureen's holiday . ....... ................................................................. .......... ...... .... ...
23. I have never had such a marvellous opportunity before.
This is .................................................. ....... ..... ..... ..... .............................................. ..... ....
24. Rose worked harder than Carol.
Carol didn't........ ... .................................................................... ..... ...... .............................
25. The training course was not so interesting as he had expected.
He had expected .......................................................... ... ..... ..... ... ....... .....................
26. " Why dont we go windsurfing tomorrow? "John said.
John suggested ............. .......... .... ..... ...... ...................................................... ... ...
27. It annoys me when people smoke in restaurants.
I cannot stand people ............... .... .... ...... ......... . ...................................................
28. We couldn't swim in the sea because of strong currents.
Strong currents stopped ............................................................................ ...... .....
..... ...
29. Did I pay the bill? I dont remember.

I don't remember .........................................................................................
... ..... ..... .......
30. Oh, yes. I am certain that I saw that woman,

I remember ............................................. ..... ..... ........... .......................................................
31. Susan had her eyes lased.
Susan's eyes ............................................................. .... ........
...
- - ...............
32. A lot of people say that sugar is bad for old people.
Sugar .......................................... .. .... ... ..... ..... ........... ....... ...... .... ...........................
33. Lucy asked me if I had always smoked so much.
Lucy said to ...... ....... ............. .... .... ..... ................................................................
350
34. Nobody can answer the question.

The question ............................................... .... ..... ..... ...... ..... ............ ..... .......
35. We won't go to the seaside unless the weather improves.
If............ .... .......... ... ..... ... .. ..... ........ ... ................................................ .............
36. It was such an interesting film chat we saw it twice.
The film ... ... .... .. ... .. ..
.... .... ........ .........
......
37. Helen is a better tennis-player than I am.

I am not. .
.. ..
.. ...
.....
................ .....
....
...
38. People speak English in the United States of America.

English.
.. .. . ......................... . .
..
...
..
.... ...
..
...
39.Christopher Wren designed that church.

That church. ... ... ................................. .... .. ..
..
..
......
40. I think I should take an aspirin.

I had . ... .. ... ... .. ....... .. ...
..
...... ..... ..... .............. ... ...
41."I had nothing to do with the robbery, "he claimed.

He denied ........ ................ ............. ....................... ..................... .... ..... ........ .
42.I will be glad to get my new false teeth.
lam looking .... .... ... .. ..... ...
..
..
..
..
... ... ..... .... ..
43.A number of accidents have occurred in our factory recently.

There ............... ........... ........................ ....... ...... ....................... ..... ................
44.It wasn't until I was sixteen that I learned to swim.
I only ..................................... .... .... ... ... ......... ... ... ..
...... ..
45.A very clever surgeon operated on Uncle Percy last month

Uncle Percy .. .... ......... .... ................ .......... ............. ...... .................
351

Complete or combine each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it
Example :
George doesn't swim as well as Harry (does).

Harry swims better than George (does).
1.They are making plans for a new bridge over the river.
Plans.................... .......... .......... .............. .......
..
.. ...
- ... ...
..
2. I didn't understand the question and Betty didn't either.

Neither
.... .... .. ... ... .... ...
..
..
..
..
..
... ...
..
3. Heavy rains washed the bridge away.

The bridge .. ... ... .. .. .... ..
..
.... ....... ..... ............ . .
4. The flat is too small for six people.

The flat isn't ....................................
...
.... ...
..
..
5. Fred cooks much better than his wife does.

Fred's wife doesn't. ... ... ..
.. ... ..... .... ................. ..
6. Charles asked his father if he could borrow his car.

"May ........... .... .......... ..... .................................. ..
.. ... .... ..... ...
7. It is not necessary for you to come tomorrow

You ......................
.. .
..... .. ... ... .... ..
..
..
. ......................
8. I haven't had a holiday for at least five years.

It is . . .......... ...... ........ .. ...... . .. .. .. ..
... .. .....
....
9. You ought to brush your teeth at least twice a day.

Your teeth ..
... .... ... .... . ... ....... ... ...................
10. Nobody knows anything about the theft.

Nothing
.. .. ........... ......... ..... .... .. .... . .
......... ....
11. Aunt Emily is too deaf to hear what you say.

Aunt Emily is so
.. ...
.......
.... ...... .....
..
12. Although I had toothache, I enjoyed the concert.

In spite of.......... ..........
. .
..
.. .... .. ....
.....
13. I advise you to pay the bill before the end of the month.
You had..
.. ... .. .......
.....
...
. .
............ ..
..
14. Would you like me to make you a cup of tea?

Shall . .................................. ....... ...... ..... ... .. ....... ...
.. ..
13. I have so much work to do that I cannot go out this evening.

I have such ..... .. .... ... ........ ...... ............................. ......... .
352
.... ..
16. Nobody has opened this old book for over a hundred years.
This old book
... ... ..... .... .... ...
....
..
... ....
......
17. He died at die age of ninety.

He was______________________________________
18. "Stop making so much noise, children", Rose said.
Rose told ______________________________________
19. It is five years since Dilek was in Paris.
Dilek has ______________________________________
20. I last ate chocolate like this when we were in Switzerland.
I haven't______________________________________
21. My lather hasn't finished writing the letter yet.
My lather is ______________________________________
22. The telephone rang. At that time I was dancing.
While ______________________________________
23. Can you lake animals into the park?
Arc you
______________________________________
24. I bought a book. It is full of pictures.

The book______________________________________
25. You didn't give me the key, so 1 couldn't get in.
If you ______________________________________
26. May I close the door?
Do you mind ______________________________________
27. How long is it since we last went to the cinema?
When ______________________________________
28. It is such a pity that you couldn't come to our party.
I wish ______________________________________
29. It may rain, so take your umbrella!
Take your umbrella in______________________________________
30. What a pity that I cannot live in a house like that.
I wish ______________________________________
31. Miranda likes geography more than history.
Miranda doesn't like ______________________________________
32. There is a chance of rain this afternoon.
It ______________________________________
33. Please don't make such long telephone calls.
I would rather ______________________________________
353

Complete or combine each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the sentence
printed before it.
Example :
I applied for the job because my father encouraged me.

If my father had not encouraged me, I wouldn't have applied for the job.
1.It is not necessary for me to go to the wedding because I am not a relation.

I need not ______________________________________
2. I expect you are pleased about your daughter's new job.
"You must ______________________________________
3. Even though he had a pleasant manner, he isn't a good doctor.
In spite ______________________________________
4. Tourists keep corning despite the terrible weather.
Although______________________________________
5. I am on the point of" losing my temper.
I am about______________________________________
6. Many teachers prefer going on a holiday in the summer to working for extra money.
Many teachers would rather ______________________________________
7. I really must go to the dentist.
It is time I ______________________________________
8. It is too cold to go outside without a coat.
It isn't ______________________________________
9. " If I were you, I would look for a new job, "said Bill.
Bill advised ______________________________________
10. Kate wished she had not spent so much time in London.
Kale regretted ______________________________________
11. As well as speaking Chinese, Janet also speaks Arabic.
Not only______________________________________
12. We will have lunch on arrival at the village.
As soon as ______________________________________
13. The launch of the satellite will not take place if the weather is bad.
Unless______________________________________
14. When you arrive at the airport, please collect your hand-luggage.
On ______________________________________
15. Don't worry! I always work hard.
Don't worry! I am used to ______________________________________
354

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.
You must use between two and five words.
Example:
We must not allow the fire to spread to the other buildings, (prevent)
We must prevent the fire from spreading to the other buildings.
1.Susan was too nervous to say anything, (that)

Susan was........ .... ... ........ .. .....
............... ....
.....
... .... not say anything.
2. I am sure that somebody saw what happened, (must)

Somebody ...
............... ... ...................
..
........
...
..
..........what happened.
3. The painter you recommended is redecorating the house, (having)

We............ ...... ..................... ... ..... ..... ..............
... .... by that painter you recommended.
4. " Do you know where Zeynep is living?" he said to me. (where)

He asked me it .. .. .........................
.... .................... .....
... ...living.
5. Don't forget to contact me if you come to Paris, (touch)

Don't forget.................. ..... .. .. .................
.... .... ... .................
if you come to Paris.
6. We took the exam in a very noisy room, (where)

The.......... ..
.. ... ................. ....
..
.................
..
exam was very noisy.
7. The students haven't finished their homework yet. (still)

The students
... ... ... ........................
.... ... .................. .
... .....
... their homework.
8. The players did their best, so the manager thanked them, (for)
The manager .. ...................... ... ...
................... ....... ... ...
.. .......... their best.
9. I started to learn Spanish a couple of years ago. (for)

I have .........................
.. ... ... ... . ...... ..... . ... .... . ............
a couple of years.
10. When did you last see your English teacher? (since)
How....
.. ... .................. ..... .. ................. ..
...
..
....... you last saw your English teacher?
11. My father said to me, "Did you enjoy the party?" (enjoyed)
My father asked me ..
............ .... ... ...... ....... ..
... ..... ... ............... the party.
12. It is a pity that I cant have a few weeks off. (only)

If .
... .. ..
........... . .. .. ... .. ........ .. . .... ....
a few weeks off.
13. What a pity that I am not in Paris now. (were)

I wish......
.. .. ... .............
.... .... ....... ........ ..
....
. in Paris now.
14. Don't try to phone the station because the line is engaged now. (good)
It is................... ... .. ........................ .... .. phone the station because the line is engaged now.
15. When did your sister get married? (ago)
How........... ....... ........................ .... ............... .. ..
355
.... ...... married?
16. Who did your hair at the weekend? (have)

Where did................... .. ...
................ ... .... .. .... ........
..
..
at the weekend?
17. Electric power will drive cars in the future, (be)

Cars.
..
... ..... .. .... .. .. . ..
..
.. ...
..
..... electric power in (he future.
18. My sister cannot vole because she is too young, (enough)

My sister............................ ... ..... .... ...... ..
..
...
..
...
.. vote.
19. Football doesn't interest me very much, (interested)

I ..... .....
..
.. .. ... ... .. .. ... ..
..
..
..
..
.... football.
20. I have had enough of listening to all your complaints. (fed)

I .................................... ................. .... ... .... -
- . to all your complaints.
21. Please give me your support at the meeting this afternoon, (up)
I would like you ... ... ... .. .... ..
...... .......................................... . .... ....at the meeting this afternoon.
22. She is keen on meeting people from other countries, (who)

She wants..... .... ............ ............................. ... ...... ....
..
..
.. from other countries.
23. I think Tutankhamun was possibly murdered by a member of his own family, (may)
Tulankhamun's murderer .. .. .... .... ... ... .... ....
.... ...
..
......
a member of his own family.
24. Whose wallet is this? (belong)

Who.. .................................................................... ......................... .. to?
25. Danny writes more clearly than Karen, (as)
Karen doesn't..... .... .. ... .... ... ..... .... ..... .... .....
...... .................. Danny.
26. Despite leaving home early, we missed the beginning of the film, (although)
We missed the beginning of the film...
... ... ...
..
.... ...
... .... .... ..... .... .. ... .... home early.
27. I have never seen such a beautiful girl in my life, (most)

She ...... .... ... .... ..
.. .... .... ... ..... ..... .... .... ....
.. .. . I have ever seen in my life.
28. "Could you please tell me the time?" Kelly said to me.
Kelly asked............................................................................................................................
29. "Paul, why don't you go by plane?" Hilda said.
Hilda suggested to Paul.... .. .. .... ... ..
... ..... . ........... .................. ...................................................
30. "You must go to a pub when you go to England", the teacher said to the students.
The teacher recommended.............................................................................................................................
356
EXERCISE 306 WORD-FORMATION (1)

Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Example :
Since the war started, productivity has risen considerably, (produce)
1.Which ......... .. ........ ... .... agency do you work for? (advertise)
2.She was so. .......... ........ .. .. with her work that she decided to quit her job. (bore)
3.It was an act of. ...... .. ......... to jump into the river and save the boy. (hero)
4. I don't want to leave the children alone; they are very . .
5 The
....... ... ... ..
.......... ......... (quarrel)
of Mount Everest was a great achievement, (conquer)
6. The expedition leader couldn't estimate the .......... ..............

7. The glue is extremely .. . ......
.... of the river. (wide)
... ..... ..., so try not to get it on your fingers, (stick)
8. There was no ... ...... ... .. ........... that Jack was the murderer, (prove)
9. Tony always phones at the most......
....... ... ...
... time when I am busy, (convenient)
10. The pharmacist couldn't read the prescription because the doctors handwriting was .......(legible)
11. Playing cards is not a very . ... ........ ..........way to spend your time, (produce)
12. Leading. are predicting that inflation will rise to over 70 percent by the end of the year, (economy)
13. Only one applicant for the post had the necessary .......... .......... ... ... (qualify)
14. There can be no
.. ...... . .... ...... that this man is the spy. (certain)
15. Mark felt. ......... ...................... when circumstances forced him to tell a lie. (anxious)
16. The investigators completed the job with great. ..
........
.... .. ...(efficient)
17. What is the ... .............. .......... of this room? (long)

18. The police inspector insisted on ... ........... .... . ..... at meetings, (punctual)
19. It was ... .............. ...... . of you to send flowers when f was in hospital, (thought)
20. The cook added a ...... ... ........... .... ..... of sugar to the pudding, (teaspoon)
21. The jury was .......... .... .......... ... by the evidence given by the spy. (fascinate)
22. The ............. ................. .... of the plane was scattered over the mountainside, (wreck)
23. Matthew made a full....... ..... .......... ... ..... after his illness, (recover)
24. What is the ...... ............................. dale of this season ticket? (expire)
25. His ..............
........... .. was spent in the country, (child)
26. Their ..... .......... ... ......... lasted for filly years, (friend)
27. Her face was so white that she looked quite ......
.... ....... ... ..... (ghost)
28. This magazine is about the latest ....... .... ............. .. discoveries, (science)
29. This organization helps ex-prisoners find ...... ...
30. The... ............ ................
..........
... (employ)
for the singer went on for five minutes, (applaud)
31. Don't wear that dress. It isn't........... .......... ........ for a wedding, (suit)
32. Twelve people, ............... ................ six police officers, were taken to hospital, (include)
33. Whoever designed this shopping centre was very ......... .. .......... ....(imagine)
357
EXERCISE 307 WORD - FORMATION (2)

Example:
The height of Mount Ararat is approximately 5165 meters, (high)
1. I have been highly impressed by the.. .... ...
.... ..... .. of that lady (beautiful)
2. His sudden ........................... ............ in a car accident was a great shock to his family, (die)
3. The door locks itself............................................. it anyone ouches it (automatic)
4. .... ......................... .... is a legal and moral contract between two people, (marry)
5. If he has any .......................with the Mafia, he has to resign immediately, (connect)
6. Failing in the exam was a great.................for my brother, (disappoint)
7. He seemed to be ..................................., but in reality he was only after her money (friend)
8. In his ... ..
... .. .... .. to make himself understood, he spoke too loudly, (anxious)
9. Now that she has got a job, Lora is ..
..............
. of her parents, (depend)
10. After the death other parents, Helen was brought up in an ...............(orphan)
11. There is always a ...................... ... of fresh vegetables at this time of the year, (scarce)
12. There is no need to be frightened of the dog. He is quite. .
13. We were lucky to get tickets for the first ..
14. Have you measured the .... .... ........ ...
15. Don't show any sign of...... ... ..... .... ...
..
... ...
.. ..(harm)
... ..... of the opera, (perform)
... of the well? (deep)

towards your children, (weak)
16. A dictionary can be very .... ....................... when you are learning a foreign language, (use)
17. Hande has got some ..... ....................................problems, I think, (psychology)
18. It was a cold . .. ........... ................. day when we got married, (winter)
19. Nobody can understand the....................................of American people, (mental)
20. I hope I didnt hurt your .. .... ... ... .. ....when I said that, (feel)
21. I am dying of...... ....... .... ........... ..., mother! (hungry)
22. When will the ... ... ... ..
.... .. take place? (marry)
23. They announced their ........... .. ...... ... at the party, (engage)
24. Helena felt a strong ..... ............ ....... .... .. to john. (attract)
25. She is always .......... ................................ dressed, (beautiful)
26. I am very much .............. ...................... to meet you. (please)
27. We had a very. .. ... .. .. ..
. holiday, (enjoy)
28. We had great
in finding anything suitable on the menu, (difficult)
.. .. .. .. .. .
29. As there wasn't enough rain this winter, there may be water ... ............. ..... (short)
30. People who live in big cities suffer from .. ...
.. ... .... ..(lonely)
31. .......................................... between the two families was quite obvious, (hostile)
32. I try not to buy .........
.............. food, as it is unhealthy. (freeze)
33. He asked me what my ........... ............................ salary was. (month)

358
EXERCISE 308 : WORD - FORMATION (3)

Example:
This building is protected by security guards, (secure)
1. Her...... ......... .... .... is getting worse and worse. She is afraid to speak to anybody, (shy)
2. You should read the .. .. .. ,. .........
. before you fill in this form, (explain)
3. We had better go by train. The car is too .... .
...........
...... for such a long journey, (rely)
4. They finally reached an........ ..... ......... . on the price of the house, (agree)
5. She inspired me to be more ............. .............. with my own cooking, (invent)
6. The people here are very kind and........ .. .... ................ to strangers, (help)
7. Have you noticed the .. .. ............ .. ... of these two words? (similar)
8. He is under a lot of... ............... ........ at work, (press)
9. What caused the ............. .. ...... of the stadium? (destroy)
10. The government is searching for a .........
........
.. to the problem, (solve)
11. In Turkey, general .... ............ ......... are held every five years, (elect)
12. After the children went back to school, the house was .... ............. ........... quiet, (compare)
13. .. . ......... .... ... people find it easy to produce new and original ideas, (create)
14. The audience was/were
......... ..
........... and soon left the theatre, (bore)
15. Seals are in danger of........... ...........
..(extinct)
16. The bloodstain on her dress was very ... ............. ... .....(notice)
17. These strikes are a great..... ................. ...... to the country's economic recovery, (hinder)
18. The government wants big industries to be run with greater .......... .............. (efficient)
19. What can we do to reduce the ..
.. ............ ....... of the atmosphere? (pollute)
20. Don't be so. ... ................ ......! You have already eaten enough, (greed)
21. Millions of people are threatened with... ...... ...
. ....... .(starve)
22. Many of the gases produced by factories are .......... .... ........... to our health, (harm)
23. Protecting the environment is essential to us . .... ..........
24. Many countries must try and control the ..
.... ...... ..
........ (survive)
.. of the pollution, (grow)
25. Whenever I see Eileen, my heart starts healing......................................(wild)

26. I need a screwdriver to do the job
. (proper)
27. I mainly do ..... ... ......... .. work for a living, (clerk)

28. Has your father done the ...
..
...
? (pilgrim)
29. He didn't sound very ....... ..
...
.when I told him about the trip (enthusiasm)
30. Paul Gauguin lived in .... ..
.... ..
..
31. The storm caused widespread.. . ..... .
and discomfort in Paris, (poor)

.
32. The soldier was given a gold medal for his

33. Please give details of your present
....
in the country side, (destroy)

.
..
... in the battle, (brave)

..(occupy)
359

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
Example :
I hardly see him these clays as he is very busy, (hard)
1. I am sure you have made the right.... ...... .................... (choose)

2. I know many. .. ..... .. .... .... people in the Parliament, (influence)
3. The plan may sound. ......... ................... but it is working, (ideal)
4. The two sisters were always dressed .... .................. .............. (identical)
5. Nobody will change the ... ......................... without my knowledge, (regulate)
6. It is in here somewhere; I dont remember....................... where, (exact)
7. The company has made a lot of......................................... in recent years, (invest)
8. Most spiders weave webs that are almost........................................ (visible)
9. People living in cities often suffer from
... ...
.... . (lonely)
10. You have made a lot of mistakes. You are too .... .... ..... ...... .(care)
11. A dog will always be .... ........ ..... ..... .. to you if you treat it well, (faith)
12. Arnold is very tall and ........................................ ..
13. Unfortunately, your illness is
.... .(muscle)
... ..... ... ........... .....
14. I cannot put up with his .... ..... ..... .... ... ...
....
....(cure)
.. any longer, (rude)
15. People don't like this place although the prices are ............................................ (reason)
16. I was surprised at the ............................................. of everything in the supermarket, (cheap)
17. The war came to an end, to the. ..... ..... ..... ....... .... . of everybody. (satisfy)
18. If you don't stand up to this man, he will abuse you .................................................. (merciful)
19. William Tell stands for the .............................................. spirit of the Swiss people, (hero)
20. Napoleon made no secret of his. .. ... ... ..... .... .. for England, (hate)
21. It is not very ......... ........ ..... ... ... of you to stay up so late, (sense)
22. She noticed my .......... ... .. .... .... ... and smiled at me. (hesitate)
23. I am telling you this in .. ...................................... (confident)
24. She will never part with her precious .............. .. ....
..
....(possess)
25. The man looked so ..................... .......... .... and honest that I was deceived, (respect)
26. He lived under the .. ... .... .... ..
27. He is
..
... of a strong and brave chief, (protect)
... ....... ..................... intelligent, in a manner of speak, (compare)
28. I don't have much belief in his ............. ... ....
....
...(honest)
29. Do you believe in .................... .... ... ... of speech? (free)

30. I find listening to music very.... ..
..
.. ...
.... ..(relax)
31. For an old man, he is surprisingly...... ......................... ...... (energy)

32. Investing on the stock exchange can be a ......... .... ................ .business, (risk)
33. Mary was very well brought up; she had ....
.... .... ... . ......... manners, (charm)

360

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
Example :
It is the most important decision of my life, (decide)
1.Taxi-drivers are often very .............................................. (talk)

2.I cannot put up with your ............................................ behaviour any longer, (child)
3. He is convinced that the plan will work, but I am a bit .... ..........
... about it. (sceptic)
4. He was naturally ... ... .... .... .... ..... , even more sentimental than we thought, (nostalgia)
5. His ....................................... from his grandfather was 10.000 dollars, (inherit)
6. The .... ......... .... ....... number of car crimes is a nationwide problem, (rise)
7. This money will be reserved for. ..... .............................. purposes, (charity)
8. I can't help admiring him for his ..... .... ....
..... ..... and honesty, (kind)
9. The rubbing of the strap against the skin caused ... ..... ........................... (irritate)
10. The computer is the greatest........................................ of the 20th century, (invent)
11. What do you do for a .... ................................? (live)
12. There is a terrible famine, so people are dying of ................ .....
....... (starve)
13. If I were in your shoes, I wouldn't behave so . ..... ..... ................... (rude)
14. She must have felt. .. .... ......... .... .... She didn't look me in the eye. (embarrass)
15. You had better describe the ..... ..... ... .... ... ..jewels to the police, (miss)
16. Do you know how ................................ ... . this new medical treatment will be? (succeed)
17. The film was so ........... ........................ that I couldn't help laughing, (amuse)
18. A man who has
.. .... .... ... ......... powers is called a wizard, (magic)
19. The dim ale is much warmer in the .......................................... part of the country, (south)
20. It is only a ............................................ killer, honey! It won't scratch you. (play)
21. Going to the dentist is often a ... .... ..................... experience, (pain)
22. He cannot sit still for a moment. He is very ..... ..... ....................... (rest)
23. He apologized for his ........................................... (late)
24. I think death penalty is a ............................................ form of punishment, (barbarian)
25. Hilda suffered from .. .. .. ................... after her husband's death, (depress)
26. In those days, she was a woman of great .............. ......................... (charming)
27. The police said that it was a ............. ..... ..... ...... offence, (crime)
28. You can feel the ... ... .... .. ...
..... of the lire from here, (warm)
29. The Queen expressed great.... ... .... ..
..... about Diana's tragic death. (sad)
30. The Government is fighting against all forms of.. .... ...
31. Parents are worried about children's .................... ...
...... .. .....(discriminate)
.. in the streets, (safe)
32. ................ ... ..... .. ...., I won't be able to come to the meeting tonight (fortune)
33. We closed the hotel because it had never been..........................
361
. (profit)
EXERCISE 311 WORD -FORMATION (6) (PREFIXES)

Complete the uncompleted words in the following sentences with one of the "Prefixes" on the list below.
in -
un -
ir -
mis -
over -
ex -
im -
it -
dis -
inter -
under -
1.I feel.... comfortable when there are animals in the house.

2.It is a very attractive plan but: quite ............practical.
3. The noise coming from the next door was so loud that it was ... bearable.
4. The boss got angry with me; I must have said something ............appropriate.
5. I have been waiting at the bus-stop for a long time, so I am getting........patient.
6. In Turkey, it is .. ... legal to drive when you are drunk.
7. Such appalling ..........competence is virtually .... .heard in this country.
8. Sometimes there is a great deal of....... ..agreement about what a dream means.
9. There was ...... . sufficient evidence to convict him of the crime.
10. t is .... possible to find a taxi when it is raining in Istanbul.
11. The Prime Minister said that there were many ..... employed people in Turkey.
12. Juliet knows a lot of Turkish words, but she tends to .... pronounce them.
13. George was very . .... satisfied with the result of the exam.
14. What is done cannot be . .........done.
15. We were surprised by his .. ... polite behaviour.
16. There was nothing .............honest about the deal. I told you fair and square what the terms were.
17. The information we have obtained is ........ accurate.
18. The film was good. The ending was a bit of a . .. appointment, though.
19. The man was .. ... qualified because he had been caught cheating.
20. The .......... understanding has arisen from the wording of the letter.
21. The expedition leader ............estimated the width of the river.
22. I am sure she has not done anything. .... legal.
23. It is a very. ... .efficient way of working. We are wasting both time and money.
24. These statistics are hopelessly .....accurate. I have found four mistakes already.
25. While the animals are still .........mature, they do not breed.
26. She never does anything we tell her, she is so ....... responsible.
27. If you get the ..... ..city, it is about an hour quicker than the normal train.
28. The problems of poverty, homelessness and unemployment are all ..... connected.
29. There was an.. .. change of ideas after the lecture which was very informative.
30. The doctor said that the victim had taken a drugs . ... dose.
31. Many people oppose the death penalty because of the possibility of. .......carriages of justice.
32. She is full of.. ... chief and always playing tricks on people.
33. The children got rather .... ..excited when they saw their father.
34- ... all situation is good, despite a few minor problems.
35. Turkey, the primary peace-keeper, is .............burdened.
362

Complete each sentence with one of the words on the list below.
dissatisfied
disability
distrust
misinformed
inedible
disadvantage
disconnected
discomfort
inefficient
underestimated
inequalities
unwilling
1.Paul Gauguin lived in poverty and . ..... ................................ in Paris.

2.The expedition leader ................... ... ... .. length of the river.
3. They ..... ....... .................. the television set before repairing it.
4. There are a lot of.. .. .. ........ ....
5. I.
.between black and white people in the U.S.A.
..... ..... ......... .... him, so I wont lend him any money.
6. You have been ..................................... .., the woman was my sister, not my wife.
7. The bread was a little bit stale, but not............................. .... ....
8. We were trying to change ....................................... . working methods in the company
9. The teacher was .... ... ........................... with the student's work.
10. She doesn't retard her blindness as a ...
..... ... ...
.....
11. If you want to work in Iraq, it is a ... ................................... not to be able to speak Arabic.
12. She is ...... .......... ..... ... ... to work in these circumstances.
undesirable
misbehaviour
unashamed
unaffected
uncertainty
unacquainted
unaccustomed
unfit
underdeveloped
misunderstood
unaware
irreparable
1. I won't tolerate this kind of..... ... ... ...
........ in my school.
2. My comments were clearly.... ....... ....................... by my friends.

3. I am ........ .... ..
........ to speaking in public.
4. Most people working here have been .... ..... ..... ... ........... by the changes in company policy.
5. She stood before the accusers, proud and ... ..... ...........................
6. She was .............................................. that her son was having problems at school.
7. She had no idea where her son and the .................. .... .... was upsetting her badly.
8. The European parliament gives grants to help .... ... .... ................ countries in Africa.
9. Some of these drugs have .... ... ... ................ side effects
10. She is ........... ..... ... .... .... for a responsible job.
11. The American soldiers did ................... ...
..
... damage to the mosques in Iraq.
12. We are..... ... ..... ..... ............... with the works of Shakespeare,
363
EXERCISE 313 WORD - FORMATION (8) (PREFIXES)

Complete each sentence with one of the words on the list below.
inaccurate
dissatisfied
disadvantage unable
indestructible
malnutrition
misfortune
illogical
irresponsible
improper
impossible
insecure
1.He was ............. ..... .................. to go to school because he was ill.

2.In modern world it is a ... .. ........ .. ....
3.His ....
not to speak English.
......... .. ........ jokes annoyed the women at the party.
4.Thousands of children are dying of... ..... .... ................ in Africa.

5.It was his
..
.. ... .. ... ... to be stopped by the inspector when he had left his ticket at home.
6.The new tanks were supposed to be virtually ... .... ... .... ......
7.George was very............. .... ................... with the service at the hotel.
8.She fell into ... .. .... ... .... .. ..with her head of department.
9.He couldnt find it because he was given ..... ...... .... ..... ....
10.It is.
information.
.... .. ... .. ...... to reach the town; all the roads are blocked.
11.She never does anything we tell her; she is so ..........................................

12.She is feeling. ....... ... .... ... ...when she is kept in custody.
under-developed
discouraged
insufficiently
under-estimated
inexperienced
untimely
1. His friendly attitude.. ... ... .... ..
disappeared
unconscious
misled
impoliteness
independent
miscalculated
... ... me into thinking that I could trust him.
2. She was ................................ ... for a while after the accident.

3. They .... ............................... the difficulty of the task.
4. There are many ... . ....................... countries in the world.
5. She became .
.. .. . .. ... ... .. after she was turned down for the job.
6. The Sun .... .. ............................. behind the clouds.

7. We ..
... .... ......... . the time it would take to get to the station.
8. Now that she has got a job, Lara is ................................. ..of her parents.
9. If you behave with this sort of .... to your other customers, I don't think you will remain in business long.
10. It is dangerous for an......................... driver to drive a car in the centre of Paris during the rush-hour.
11. His ....... .... ... .. ...
death saddened everybody in the own.
12. Helen failed because she was ... . ... ... .... . ...
prepared for her test.
364

Complete the following sentences by adding the proper "Suffixes" to the words in brackets.
Example :
The office records are neat and ..
.. ......... .....
. (order)
The office records are neat and orderly.

1. One of the students in the group has applied for Turkish .............. ... .... ...... (citizen)
2. Thanks to ......... .... ... ................ the wars of terrorism know no borders, (gtobe)
3. These shoes are uncomfortable because the soles have no ...... .... ....
4. The Presidents
... ...............
5. She spoke... .. ............... ...
...
........... (flexible)
.. from office was marked by a special ceremony (depart)
about her experiences as a war correspondent, (emotion)
6. Her face remained quite ......... .. .... so it was impossible to tell what she thought of my news.(emotion)
7. They gave a big............ .. ......... .... to the foundation for the blind, (donate)
8. She had a reputation for his ... ......................... .. ....(generous)
9. There is doubt about the ........................
.. ... of the company's action in dismissing him. (legal)
10. A lot of people prefer.............. ....... ... .... coffee. (milk)

11. It was .. ...... ........... .. ... of you to break that coffee cup. (care)
12. Thank you for your postcard, it was very ...
... ................... of you to send it. (thought)
13. There was a .................... .... ... .... of technical skill, (short)
14. What is the most ..... ... ..........
15. Arthur is a very.........
.. .... restaurant in Istanbul? (fashion)
.............. man; sometimes he talks for twenty minutes without stopping, (talk)
16. It was rather .. ... ..... ............... ...... of him to cry when he did badly in the test, (child)
17. He was presented with a gold watch on his ....................... ....
...(retire)
18. The surgeon performed surgery because the woman needed a heart. ......... .. ..
19. She has taken part in several ......... ..............
20. The cardigan is certainly .
... ... ...
... . (transplant)
.... .... . of Roman settlements across Europe, (excavate)
... .. as long as you return it in good condition, (exchange)
21. Her ..... .... ......................... from the list of Oscar nominees put her in a foul mood, (exclude)
22. The prisoner had been kept in .... .................
.... ... for three days, (isolate)
23. In the past,. ... .... .. ............. depended largely on the position of the stars, (navigate)
24. Mary always leaves home at eight oclock but today is an..........
25. They have just moved into a new. ..... ... ................... (neighbour)
365
.....
...., she is going later, (expect)
PROVERBS/WORDS OF WISDOM
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
Experience is the best teacher.
Birds of a feather flock together.
It is no use crying over spilled milk.
Charity begins at home.
Let sleeping dogs lie.
Every cloud has a silver lining.
Misery loves company.
It never rains but it pours.
A penny saved is a penny earned.
Many hands make light work.
Honey catches more flies than vinegar
He who laughs last laughs best.
No news is good news,
As the twig is bent, so grows the tree.
Honesty is the best policy.
Good fences make good neighbours.
Variety is the spice of life.
Never Look a gift horse in the mouth.
Better late than never.
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do
Practice makes perfect.
Once bitten, twice shy.
Out of the frying pan, into the fire.
Spare the rod and spoil the child.
You can tell a book from its cover.
Two wrongs don't make a right.
Easier said than done.
He who hesitates is lost.
Don't trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.
Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
Necessity is the mother of invention.
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of
Two is company, three is a crowd.
cure.
Few can lead a horse to water, but you can't
*Money is the root of all evil.
today.
When poverty comes in the door, love flies out

of the window.
make him drink.
He who pays the piper calls the tune.
366
You can't teach an old dog new tricks.
A fool and his money are soon parted.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
One swallow doesn't make a summer.
Actions speak louder than words.
Nothing ventured, nothing gained.
A stitch in time saves nine.
First come, first served.
When the cat is away, the mice will play.
Two heads are better than one.
Give a dog a bad name and hang him.
People who live in glass houses shouldn't throw
The early bird catches the worm.
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
Don't count your chickens before they are
Easy come, easy go.
hatched.
Make hay while the sun shines.
Don't put off for tomorrow what you can do
Strike while the iron is hot.
today.
To err is human, forgive divine.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
All that glitters is not gold.
Blood is thicker than water.
A drowning man will catch at a straw.
Don't make a mountain out of a molehill.
Money is a good servant but a bad master.
Too many cooks spoil the broth.
Penny wise, pound foolish.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
All one's geese are swans.
Out of sight, out of mind.
Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
Still waters run deep.
Jack of all trades, and master of none.
Absence makes the heart grow fonder.
Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
The proof of the pudding is in the eating.
stones.
367
Every cock crows on his own dunghill.
Coming events cast their shadows before.
The pen is mightier than a sword.
Silence is golden, speech is silver.
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
A trouble shared is a trouble halved.
East or west home is best.
Think twice before you say something.
The roots of education arc bitter but the fruit is .sweet.
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
One. who doesn't ask a question remains a fool forever.
Laugh, everybody will laugh with you - weep, nobody will weep with you.
A little can do a lot.
Words are loaded pistols.
Bad news travels just.
After a storm comes a calm.
A bad workman always blames his tools.
There is an exception to every rule.
Do not fear when your enemies criticise you. Beware when they applaud.
What you really value is what you miss, not what you have.
When a man is tired of Istanbul, he is tired of life.
Laughter is the best medicine.
Beauty is only thin deep.
You can fool some of the people all of the time, all of the people some of the time, but you cannot fool
all of the people all of the time.
Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
Pride conies before a fall.
Prevention is better than cure.
One good turn deserves another
Nothing succeeds like success.
Better lose the saddle than the horse.
Talk of the devil and you will see his hoofs.
Cleanliness is next to godliness.

368
IRREGULAR VERBS
abide
Infinitive
abode, abided
Past
Past Participle
abode, abided
arise
arose
arisen
awake
awoke
awaked, awoken
be (am)
was
been
be (are)
were
been
be (is)
was
been
bear
bore
borne, born
beat
beat
beaten
become
became
become
befall
befell
befallen
begin
began
begun
behold
beheld
beheld
bend
bent
bent, bended
beseech
besought
besought
bet
bet, betted
bet, betted
betake
betook
betaken
bid
bade, bid
bidden, bid
bind
bound
bound
bite
bit
bitten
bleed
Wed
bled
blend
blended, blent
blended, blent
bless
blessed, blest
blessed, blest
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
breed
bred
bred
bring
brought
brought
broadcast
broadcast, broadcasted
broadcast, broadcasted
build
built
built
burn
burnt, burned
burnt, burned
burst
burst
burst
buy
bought
bought
cast
cast
cast
catch
caught
caught
chide
chided, chid
chided, chid
choose
chose
chosen
cling
clung
clung
369
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
creep
crept
crept
cut
cut
cut
dare
dared
dared
deal
dealt
dealt
dig
dug
dug
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
dream
dreamed, dreamt
dreamed, dreamt
drink
drank
drunk
drive
drove
driven
dwell
dwelt
dwelt
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
fed
feel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
flee
fled
fled
fling
flung
flung
fly
flew
flown
forbid
forbade, forbad
forbidden
Forecast
forecast, forecasted
forecast, forecasted
foresee
foresaw
foreseen
foretell
foretold
foretold
forget
forgot
forgotten
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forsake
forsook
forsaken
freeze
froze
frozen
get
got
got, gotten
gild
gilded, gilt
gilded
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grind
ground
ground
grow
grew
grown
hang
hung
hung
370
hang
hanged
hanged
have
had
had
hear
heard
heard
hide
hid
hidden
hit
hit
hit
hold
held
held
hurt
hurl
hurt
keep
kept
kept
kneel
kneeled, knelt
kneeled, knelt
knit
knitted, knit
knitted, knit
know
knew
known
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
lean
leant, leaned
leant, leaned
leap
leapt, leaped
leapt, leaped
learn
learnt, learned
learnt, learned
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
lie
lay
lain
lie
lied
lied
light
lit, lighted
lit, lighted
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
melt
melted
melted, molten
misspell
misspelt
misspelt
mistake
mistook
mistaken
misunderstand
misunderstood
misunderstood
mow
mowed
mown, mowed
outrun
outran
outrun
overcast
overcast
overcast
overcome
overcame
overcome
overhear
overheard
overheard
oversleep
overslept
overslept
overtake
overtook
overtaken
overthrow
overthrew
overthrown
371
pay
paid
paid
prove
proved
proved, proven
put
put
put
quit.
quitted, quit
quitted, quit
read
read
read
relay
relaid
relaid
rend
rent, rended
rent, rended
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
run
ran
run
saw
sawed
sawn, sawed
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
seek
sought
sought
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
sew
sewed
sewn, sewed
shake
shook
shaken
shave
shaved
shaved, shaven
shine
shone
shone
shine
shined
shined
shoot
shot
shot
show
showed
shown, showed
shrink
shrank, shrunk
shrunk, shrunken
shut
shut
shut
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
sil
sat
sat
stay
slew
slain
sleep
slept
slept
slide
slid
slid
smell
smell, smelled
smelt, smelled
sow
sowed
sown, sowed
speak
spoke
spoken
speed
sped, speeded
spelt, speeded
spell
spell, spelled
spelt, spelled
372
spend
spent
spent
spill
spilt, spilled
spilt, spilled
spin
spun, span
spun
spit
spat, spit
spat, spit
split
split
split
spoil
spoilt, spoiled
spoilt, spoiled
spread
spread
spread
spring
sprang
sprung
stand
stood
stood
steal
stole
stolen
slick
stuck
stuck
-sung
slung
stung
strike
struck
struck
swear
swore
sworn
sweat
sweat, sweated
sweat, sweated
sweep
swept
swept
swell
swelled
swollen, swelled
swim
swam
swum
swing
swung
swung
take
took
taken
leach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
throw
threw
thrown
undergo
underwent
undergone
understand
understood
understood
undertake
undertook
undertaken
upset
upset
upset
wake
woke, waked
woken, waked
wear
wore
worn
weave
wove, weaved
woven, weaved
weep
wept
wept
win
won
won
wind
wound
wound
withdraw
withdrew
withdrew
work
write
worked, wrought
wrote
worked, wrought
written
373
374

English Grammar Exercises

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English Grammar Exercises

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CONTENTS

EXERCISE 32 :ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS OF MANNER

EXERCISE 64 : THE PRESENT SIMPLE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

EXERCISE 97 : THE FUTURE SIMPLE/BE GOING TO

EXERCISE 130 : GENERAL EXERCISES (THE AXULIARY VERBS)

EXERCISE 162 : THE PASSIVE (COMPLEX SENTENCE)

EXERCISE 199: RESENT/ PAST PARTICIPLE (AS ADJECTIVES)

EXERCISE 241: REPORTED SPEECH (STATEMENT)

EXERCISE 285 : THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS

Mary doesn't love me, but.............................. love her very much.

1. Mary has got a lot of books............................... is putting .............................. on the shelves.

EXERCISE 2:POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES/PRONOUNS

Example: This is my friend, Maria. ....................husband is a teacher, (she)

... are in the cinema now. (we)

3. .............................. teacher always confuses your name with ............................... (I)

eyes are blue, (it)

20. Zeynep's bag is very heavy, but............................ is very light. (I)

..... house is not. (they)

22. He is my room-mate. ......... ....... name is Peter, (he)

I love Julia, but................... doesn't love me. (she / her)

1. ................name is Anna Vissi, and..............come from Greece.

EXERCISE 4 :POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

Tell the children to bring ............................ friends to the party.

EXERCISE 5: POSSESSIVE FORMS OF NOUNS

The doctor has a new car. The doctor's car is new.

The girl has a pretty dress

Donkeys have long ears

The girls have pretty dresses

Some dogs have short tails

The old man has white hair

These children have dirty faces

The old men have white hair

The fishermen have an old net

The cat has green eyes

The child has a new toy

The king has a beautiful palace

Some women have short hair

Melissa has a new bicycle

All the men have black hats

The lion has sharp teeth

The teachers have a beautiful staff-room

All the girls have new skirts for the festival

The man has a long beard

The teachers have a room on the third floor

An eagle has sharp eyes

The students have books on their desks

Elephants have strong memories

All the horses have white manes

The boy has a good intelligence quotient

The servants have a bedroom downstairs

EXERCISE 6: POSSESSIVE FORMS WITH "OF"

The girl's name is Olga.

The name of the girl is Olga.

The teachers' room is upstairs.

The room of the teachers is upstairs.

1. John's brother is very clever

2. Mary's sisters are fond of classical music

3. Miranda's sister's name is Juliet

4. This woman's children go to kindergarten

5. The children's toys amuse them very much

6. I don't know Peter's telephone number

7. Tom's car is not very expensive

8. Madonna's mother is rolling in money

9. Muge's cat's name is Cancan