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Subaru is the automobile manufacturing division of Japanese transportation conglomerate


Fuji Heavy Industries (FHI), the twentysi!th biggest automa"er by production
worldwide in #$%%&
Subaru is "nown for its use of the bo!er engine layout in most of its vehicles above %'$$
cc as well as its use of the all wheel drive drivetrain layout since %()#, with it becoming
standard e*uipment for midsi+e and smaller cars in most international mar"ets as of
%((,, and now standard in most -orth .merican mar"et Subaru vehicles& /he lone
e!ception is the 012 304 introduced in #$%#& Subaru also offers turbocharged versions
of their passenger cars, such as the Impre+a 105&
6a .uctions Services7Ford introduced methods for largescale manufacturing of cars and
largescale management of an industrial wor"force using elaborately engineered
manufacturing se*uences typified by moving assembly lines8 by %(%9 these methods
were "nown around the world as Fordism& Ford:s former ;< subsidiaries Jaguar and
=and 0over, ac*uired in %(>( and #$$$ respectively, were sold to /ata ?otors in ?arch
#$$>& Ford owned the Swedish automa"er @olvo from %((( to #$%$& In #$%%, Ford
discontinued the ?ercury brand, under which it had mar"eted entrylevel lu!ury cars in
the ;nited States, Aanada, ?e!ico, and the ?iddle Bast since %(C>&
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3?1 was established as a business entity following a restructuring of the 0app
?otorenwer"e aircraft manufacturing firm in %(%)& .fter the end of 1orld 1ar I in
%(%>, 3?1 was forced to cease aircraftengine production by the terms of the @ersailles
.rmistice /reaty& /he company conse*uently shifted to motorcycle production in %(#C,
once the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted, followed by automobiles in %(#>D
#(&
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/he year %>>, is regarded the year of birth of the modern automobile with the 3en+
Eatent?otorwagen, by Ferman inventor <arl 3en+& ?otori+ed wagons soon replaced
animaldrafted carriages, especially after automobiles became affordable for many people
when the Ford ?odel / was introduced in %($>&
/he term motorcar has formerly also been used in the conte!t of electrified rail systems
to denote a car which functions as a small locomotive but also provides space for
passengers and baggage& /hese locomotive cars were often used on suburban routes by
both interurban and intercity railroad systems&
.le! 0uds"y
Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated lu!ury
brand, .cura, in %(>,& .side from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses,
Honda also manufactures garden e*uipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and
power generators, amongst others& Since %(>,, Honda has been involved with artificial
intelligenceGrobotics research and released their .SI?H robot in #$$$& /hey have also
ventured into aerospace with the establishment of FB Honda .ero Bngines in #$$9 and
the Honda H.9#$ HondaJet, which began production in #$%#&
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