1 Seizure Disorders

2 Definitions
Condition of the central nervous system characterized by recurring misfiring of neurons
-upset in the electrical activity within the brain
3 Incidence
6-10% will have one seizure over a lifetime
Incidence is much higher with different disabilities
Combined incidence is approximately 1 in 200
Age of first seizures: 20% before age 10; 30% in second decade of life
4 Incidence, cont.
5 Etiology
Idiopathic: means cause is unknown. 65-75% fall under this category
Acquired: birth injury, brain tumor, lead poisoning, infections, head trauma, high fever, etc.
6 Terminology: tonic/
clonic
Seizures may be accompanied by sudden, uncontrolled, and unpredictable muscle contractions and relaxation
Tonic and clonic contractions
6
tonic means continuous stiff and rigid movements
clonic means intermittent/ jerky
7 Types: Generalized
(produced by entire
brain)
8 Generalized: Tonic-
clonic
Also called Grand Mal seizure
Can occur in four stages:
Aura (warning or premonition)
Tonic (constant, continuous muscle contractions
Clonic (intermittent contraction and relaxation
Sleep or coma phase (can last up to 3 hrs.)
9 Generalized:
absence seizure
10 Types: Partial or
focal seizures: one
area of brain
10 Types: Partial or
focal seizures: one
area of brain
Simple Partial: 30-60 sec., no loss of consciousness, sudden jerking, sensory phenomena, transient weakness or loss
of sensation
Complex Partial: 1-2 minutes; may have aura, automatisms (such as lip smacking, picking at clothes, fumbling),
unaware of environment, may wander, amnesia for seizure event, mild to moderate confusion during, sleepyhttp://
www.epilepsyfoundation.org/aboutepilepsy/seizures/partialseizures/index.cfm)
11 A Moment in History
Psychomotor seizure (one type of complex partial): unexplained short-term changes in behavior resulting in amnesia
and impaired consciousness
12 Factors that can
aggravate seizure
disorders
Hyperventilation
Hyperhydration
Hyperthermia
Fatigue
Stress
Excessive alcohol and caffeine
Lights
Menstrual cycle
13 Treatment
Medication
Surgery
Vegas nerve therapy
14 Management of
Seizures
Clear the area
Dont restrain individual; loosen clothing if possible and provide a pillow or jacket
Turn the individual to the side
Dont administer CPR unless breathing does not resume
Be reassuring and calm
Observe for a full medical report
Call 911 if seizure lasts longer than 5 min., seizures are repeated, if the person does not resume breathing, injury
occurs, or if person is a diabetic or pregnant. If in doubt, call.
Dont administer CPR unless breathing does not resume
Be reassuring and calm
Observe for a full medical report
Call 911 if seizure lasts longer than 5 min., seizures are repeated, if the person does not resume breathing, injury
occurs, or if person is a diabetic or pregnant. If in doubt, call.
Educate others!
15 Implications for
physical activity
AMA recommends full participation with the following guidelines:
Caution with collision sports
Potential for falls
Water sports
16 Images
http://hplusmagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/neuron_structure2.jpg
http://old.epilepsyfoundation.org/local/kentuckiana/images/neurons_about_1.jpg
http://www.uic.edu/classes/pmpr/pmpr652/Final/scannedimages/14-2.gif
http://images.google.com/imgres?q=high+fever
+cartoon&num=10&hl=en&biw=1024&bih=573&tbm=isch&tbnid=QJSy7hB3w2MgbM:&imgrefurl=http://
palwai.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/page/2/&docid=fx2pav5yDYMkhM&imgurl=http://
palwai.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/cartoon-sick-man-thumb6455562.jpg&w=300&h=287&ei=_-l4UI-
cEYOvyQGulIDQBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=374&vpy=140&dur=4068&hovh=220&hovw=230&tx=117&ty=114&sig=1
14549608842988981552&sqi=2&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=148&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:74
http://images.google.com/imgres?q=fever+tonic
+clonic&hl=en&biw=1024&bih=573&tbm=isch&tbnid=6Spb3Kd455PzHM:&imgrefurl=http://www.umm.edu/
patiented/articles/grand_mal_seizure_000302.htm&docid=8LtHG_b9hbvF5M&imgurl=http://www.umm.edu/graphics/
images/en/
19076.jpg&w=400&h=320&ei=tOt4UNvwMLGgyAG3loCoBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=102&vpy=149&dur=7963&hovh=
201&hovw=251&tx=130&ty=86&sig=114549608842988981552&page=1&tbnh=140&tbnw=175&start=0&ndsp=14&
ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:68
http://www.webmd.com/epilepsy/guide/types-of-seizures-their-symptoms
http://images.google.com/imgres?
q=swimming&num=10&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=605&tbm=isch&tbnid=wPd4dX_2FUvTPM:&imgrefurl=http://
taraathatcher.blogspot.com/2010/10/swimming-great-way-to-mix-up-
your.html&docid=V64COhDcBN5AlM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TECPBnCaVOo/TMdE_C53pPI/
AAAAAAAAAm0/bx2nuX9Fuwc/s1600/
swimming.jpg&w=800&h=543&ei=8rWFUJe6HoGTiQLxiIHICg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=593&vpy=195&dur=5732&hovh
=185&hovw=273&tx=81&ty=204&sig=114549608842988981552&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=222&start=0&ndsp=15
&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:143
http://images.google.com/imgres?
q=swimming&num=10&hl=en&biw=1280&bih=605&tbm=isch&tbnid=wPd4dX_2FUvTPM:&imgrefurl=http://
taraathatcher.blogspot.com/2010/10/swimming-great-way-to-mix-up-
your.html&docid=V64COhDcBN5AlM&imgurl=http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_TECPBnCaVOo/TMdE_C53pPI/
AAAAAAAAAm0/bx2nuX9Fuwc/s1600/
swimming.jpg&w=800&h=543&ei=8rWFUJe6HoGTiQLxiIHICg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=593&vpy=195&dur=5732&hovh
=185&hovw=273&tx=81&ty=204&sig=114549608842988981552&page=1&tbnh=144&tbnw=222&start=0&ndsp=15
&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0,i:143
17 Images, cont.
http://medicineworld.org/images/blogs/1-2009/brain-epilepsy-4040.jpg
http://blog.mypersonalcarephysician.com/health-news/preventing-injuries-in-youth-sports/