POWER SERIES SOLUTIONS

Eliminate h to give

m
=
a
a

k
2
H
3
r

r
2a
2

3
m

m
2a

r
=
4
3
(

r
) ,

r
=
1
4
k
2

r
,
k
2
H

=
2
r

r
a
2
. (1)
Objective: to compute the rst terms in possible regular power series solutions:

m
=

n=0
c
m
n

n
,

r
=

n=0
c
r
n

n
,

r
=

n=0
c

n
,
H =

n=0
c
H
n

n
. (2)
Note that a

r
+
m

2
/4 and a

r
+
m
/2 since we are only considering only
early times.
The last three of the equations of motion in (1) yield:
c
r
1
+ 2c
r
2
+ .. =
4
3

c
m
1
+ 2c
m
2
c

0
c

1
+ ..

, (3)
c

1
+ 2c

2
+ 3c

2
+ .. =
1
4
k
2

c
r
0
+ c
r
1
+ c
r
2

2
+ ..

, (4)
k
2

c
H
1
+ 2c
H
2
+ ..

=
2

1 +

m
4

0
+ c

1
+ c

2
+ c

3
+ ..

. (5)
From these we can deduce that:
c
r
1
=
4
3
(c
m
1
c

0
) c
r
2
=
2
3
(2c
m
2
c

1
) , (6)
c

1
=
1
4
k
2
c
r
0
c

2
=
1
8
k
2
c
r
1
c

3
=
1
12
k
2
c
r
2
, (7)
1
c

0
= 0 c

1
= 0 k
2
c
H
1
= 2c

2
k
2
c
H
2
= c

3
+

m
4

r
c

2
. (8)
Hence we can deduce that c

0
= c

1
= c
r
0
= 0.
The rst equation from (1) implies that:
c
m
1
+ 2c
m
2
+ .. = k
2

1 +

m
4

1 +

m
2

c
H
0
+ c
H
1
+ ..

3
2

1 +

m
4

1

1 +

m
2

c
r
0
+ c
r
1
+ c
r
2

2
+ ..

3
m
2

1 +

m
2

1
(c
m
0
+ c
m
1
+ ..) . (9)
This conrms that c
r
0
= 0 and also that
c
m
1
=
3
2
c
r
1

3
m
2

r
c
m
0
, (10)
2c
m
2
= k
2
c
H
0

3
2

c
r
2

3
m
4

r
c
r
1

3
m
2

c
m
1


m
2

r
c
m
0

. (11)
Since c
r
0
= c

0
= 0 there are two varieties of initial condition (i.e. behaviour at 0): (i)
c
H
0
= 1 and c
m
0
= 0 (ii) c
H
0
= 0 and c
m
0
= 1. A general initial conguration can be written
as a linear superposition of these two cases.
Case (i)
c
m
1
=
3
2
c
r
1
c
r
1
=
4
3
c
m
1
c
m
1
= c
r
1
= 0 c

2
= c
H
1
= 0 . (12)
2c
m
2
= k
2

3
2
c
r
2
c
r
2
=
4
3
c
m
2
c

3
=
1
12
k
2
c
r
2
, (13)
from which one can deduce that
c
m
2
=
1
4
k
2
c
r
2
=
1
3
k
2
c

3
=
1
36
k
4
c
H
2
=
1
36
k
2
, (14)
and hence

m
=
1
4
k
2

2
+O(
3
) ,

r
=
1
3
k
2

2
+O(
3
) ,

r
=
1
36
k
4

3
+O(
4
) ,
2
H = 1
1
36
k
2

2
+O(
3
) . (15)
Case (ii)
c
m
1
=
3
2
c
r
1

3
m
2

r
c
r
1
=
4
3
c
m
1
c
m
1
=

m
2

r
c
r
1
=
2
m
3

r
, (16)
which implies that
c

2
=
k
2

m
12

r
c
H
1
=

m
6

r
. (17)
and hence

m
= 1

m
2

r
+O(
2
) ,

r
=
2
m
3

r
+O(
2
) ,

r
=

m
12

r
k
2

2
+O(
3
) ,
H =

m
6

r
+O(
2
) . (18)
3