BOOK ON ANIMAL SPECIES OF

ROYAL BELUM
MALAYSIA











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3


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Aves
5


at bill-casque junction, and has white eyes.
Habitat : It is found in lowland and montane,
tropical and subtropical and in the mountain
rain forests up to 1,400 metres altitude in Bor-
neo, Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula, Sin-
gapore and southern Thailand . It also can be
found at broadleaved evergreen forest.
Feeding: Eat mainly nuts, seeds, and fruit
(especially figs). They eat small mammals and
reptiles too.

The Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) is
one of the largest hornbills, adults being ap-
proximately the size of a swan. The male species
are very large with bright red and yellow up-
ward-curved casque with black base. The female
species are smaller, lacks black on lasque and
Did you know??
Hornbill are the birds in which the first two neck vertebrae
(the axis and atlas) are fused together and this special feature
probably provides a more stable platform for carrying the bill.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Buceros
Species Buceros rhinoceros
Common Name
Rhinoceros Hornbill
Source: http://www.hornbills.org/rhinocero
s.htm
6 6


Male are bigger with huge, mostly yellowish bill
and casque, blackish plumage with white nape
and neck. Male also have white vent and white
tail with black central band. Female are smaller
and they lack black on casque and at bill-casque
junction with whitish eyes.
Reproduction: Monogamous. Pairs will per-
form ritual that may include preening, feeding,
wing, tail displays and also beating bills on the
ground.
Feeding: Predominantly frugivores that feed
on both lipid-rich and sugar-rich fruits and also
small mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and
insects.
Habitat: South-east Asia. Located in vast tropi-
cal rainforest with massive trees, broadleaved
evergreen forest, mixed deciduous, forest on
some islands, up to 1525m.
Adaptive characteristics:The feature that
distinguishes B. bicornis from other species is its
greatly curved bill and prominent casque.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Buceros
Species Buceros bicornis
Common
Names
Enggang Papan
Did you know??
Buceros bicornis is considered "near
threatened" on the IUCN Red List. The
biggest threat to this species is habitat de-
struction, and particularly the removal of
the old-growth trees that these birds re-
quire for nesting.
Source: Buceros bicornis (Lim Kim Chye, MNS,
2009)
7


The species is a heavily- built, stout bird. The
pale yellow-bill has a reddish-brown base and is
topped with a wrinkled, bony ridge known as a
casque, striped yellowish-white with red-brown.
Bare skin around the eyes, whereas the larger
male has a dark brown head and nape, a white
breast, and yellow throat skin, female almost all-
black with a blue throat sac.
Habitat: They are typically found in evergreen
and mixed deciduous forest, mainly in the low-
lands, but also up to an altitude of around 1,000
meters. E.g. South-east Myanmar, south-west and
southern Thailand, and northern Peninsular Ma-
laysia.
Feeding: Feed mainly on fruits but also prey on
other animals like insects, reptiles, and the eggs
and chicks of other birds.
Reproduction: Nesting generally takes place be-
tween January and June, with one to three eggs
being laid in cavities in tall, broad trees.
Source : http://www.hornbills.org/plain_pouc hed.htm
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Rhyticeros
Species Aceros subruficollis
Common
name
Plain-pouched Horn-
bill
8


Reproduction: They generally form mo-
nogamous pairs, although some species engage
in cooperative breeding. The female lays up to
six white eggs in existing holes or crevices, ei-
ther in trees or rocks.
The male species are relatively small size, black
plumage with broadly white-tipped outertail and
unmarked yellowish-white bill and casque. The
facial skin is blackish. The female species has bill
and casque smaller and blackish, orbital skin
and submoustachial patch pinkish.
Habitat: Largely dependent on lowland ever-
green forest up to 215 m. It is also found in selec-
tively logged, gallery and swamp forest and tall
secondary forest.
Feeding: Omnivorous birds, eating fruit, insects
and small animals. Female black hornbill feed
on wild figs while male black hornbill feed on
other fruit.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Anthracoceros
Species Anthracoceros ma-
layanus
Common
Name
Black Hornbill
Source : http://www.arkive.org/black-hornbill/
anthracoceros-malayanus/
9


The male species are relatively small size and
mostly black, with white facial markings.
Their belly vent and pale yellowish bill and
casque with dark markings. The female spe-
cies have bill and casque small and more ex-
tensively dark.
Habitat: They live in a broadleaved ever-
green forest, mixed deciduous forest, island
forest, secondary growth, sometimes coastal
scrub, plantations and gardens, up to 1,400m.
Feeding: The Oriental Pied Hornbill's diet
includes wild fruit and other fruit such as
rambutan, the oil palm fruit along with small
reptiles such as lizards and frogs, and larger
insects .
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Anthracoceros
Species Antharacoceros albi-
rostris
Common
Name
Oriental Pied Hornbill
Source : http://www.hornbills.org/oriental_p
ied.htm
10


Male have very large with elongated central
tail feathers and bare dark red skin on sides of
head, throat and neck. The female are smaller,
bill speckled black at tip, skin of face and neck
tinged pale lilac. The length can be ranged up
to 1.7 meters, with a leathery, wrinkled face
and supporting a bony casque on top of its
beak.
Feeding: Omnivorous, feeding mainly on
fruiting rainforest figs, insects, small mammals
and birds.
Habitat: Broadleaved evergreen forest, up to
1,400m. Rhinoplax vigil is confined to the Sun-
daic lowlands, where it is known from south
Tenasserim, Myanmar, peninsular Thailand,
Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular Malaysia,
S i n g a p o r e , Ka l i ma n t a n , S u ma -
tra, Indonesia and Brunei. It is generally
scarce and occurs at low densities even in opti-
mal habitat.
Did you know??
The Helmeted Hornbill is evaluated
as Near Threatened on the IUCN
Red List of Threatened Species as it
is hunted and losing habitat. Unlike
other hornbills, the Helmeted Horn-
bill's casque is solid, and the skull
including the casque and bill may
constitute 10 percent of the bird's
weight.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Rhinoplax
Species Rhinoplax vigil
Common
Names
Burung Tebang Mentua/Burung
Torak
Source : http://www.hornbills.org/orien
tal_pied.htm
11


This species found in forests of Thai-Malay Penin-
sula, Sumatra, Borneo and Africa. Females are
smaller than males. The plumage is black and white.
The head, neck, breast and tail are white, while the
rest are black. White crown feathers erected in a
crest. Bare dark blue skin between the eye, bill and
throat. Bill mainly black with a yellowish base. Also
have blackish casque on the top if its bill. Female
have black neck and underparts.
Habitat: This bird is territorial and inhabits rain-
forests of low and medium altitudes, usually at an
elevation below 900 meters. It may also be found in
fruit, oil-palm and rubber plantations.
Feeding: This bird feed on various fruits, lizard,
arthropods and larvae.
Reproduction: Female lays two white eggs in a
tree hole and seal herself by obstructing the en-
trance with droppings, debris and mud. The male
and other adults and young belonging to a coopera-
tive group feed the breeding female and later the
chicks through a narrow hole.
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Aves
Order
Coraciiformes
Family
Coraciiformes
Genus
Berenicornis
Species
Berenicornis comatus
Common
Name
White-crowned hornbill
Source: http://www.hornbills.org/white_
crowned.htm
Female leaves the nest breaking the "wall"
when the chicks are able to fly.
Adaptive Characteristics: Can survive
at higher elevations where the destruction
of forests is not so severe and thus it is not
yet considered to be globally threatened.
12


The male and female are alike. The different is
only the mouth of which the male is black and
the female is paler. Feathers covering body are
black, except at the tail edge which is white, and
the wing tip is black. There is hair on its head
which looks like the crest. Mouth and all the
mouth edge are black.
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Aves
Order
Coraciiformes
Family
Bucerotidae
Genus
Anorrhinus
Species
Anorrhinus galeritus
Common
Name
Bushy-crested hornbill
Habitat: Native to Southern Thailand, Ma-
laysia, Sumatra, and Borneo. Lives in the
tropical rainforest and normally clings on the
high branches. It is quite swiftly and difficult
to get close. It stays in a troop, builds the nest
in hole on the tree, and builds the same nest
at the same place but will frequently repair.
Feeding: This bird eats fruit and other in-
sect, including small animals, for example;
chameleon, ground lizard, snakes.
Reproduction: Female shed feathers while
incubating and feeding the chick. This bird
lays 2 to 3 eggs at a time.
Source: http://belumoutdoor.files.wordpr
ess.com/2012/08hornbill_bushy_crested_f
emale_dscn7765.jpg
13


The Aceros corrugates has mainly black
plumage, a blue eye-ring, and a broadly
white or rufous-tipped tail. Males have
bright yellow feathers on the auriculars,
cheeks, throat, neck-sides and chest, but
these areas are black in the female, except
for the blue throat. The bill of the male is
yellow with a red base and casque and a
brownish basal half of the lower mandible.
The bill and casque of the female is almost
entirely yellow.
Habitat: This species inhabits lowland as
well as coastal swamp forests up to an alti-
tude of 1,000 metres. It can be found in
south Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Su-
matra, the Batu islands, Borneo and
southwest Cambodia.
Feeding: This species eats mainly fruit,
such as figs, small animals such as frogs
and insects.
Reproduction: Breeding occurs usually
during the rainy season of December and
January. After a pre-laying period of four
to six days, the female will lay an average
of two eggs. After a month of incubation,
the chicks will hatch. The male feeds both
the female and chicks by regurgitation.
They are monogamous, forming lifelong
relationships and similar to marriage.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Aceros
Species Aceros corrugatus
Common
Name
Wrinkle Hornbill
Source: http://www.hornbills.org/images/
wkh.gif
14


Males are larger than females. Birds are black
with a white tail stained yellow with preen gland
oil. Females have a black head and neck. Males
have a rufous crown and white face and neck.
The iris and bare skin around the eye are cherry
-red. The extensive inflatable bare throat skin
has an interrupted blue-black band across its
center and is bright yellow in the male and blue
in the female. Bill is dull white with a casque of
low wreaths across the base of the upper mandi-
ble.
Habitat: Forested hill ranges of India, Myan-
mar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Suma-
tra, Java, Bali, and Borneo.
Feeding: Eating mostly fruit. However, male
feeds animal prey such as bats, reptiles, frogs,
crabs, and insects to brooding female and devel-
oping chicks.
Reproduction: These species form life-long mo-
nogamous pairs. After laying up to three white
eggs, the female seals herself into the nest cham-
ber. She is completely dependent on him for food
during the 4 1/2 months that she
incubates the eggs and brood the young.
During this time, she also molts and re
grows her feathers. She emerges with
usually only one purple-skinned chick,
any other chicks died of starvation.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Bucerotidae
Genus Aceros
Species Aceros undulatus
Common
Name
Wreathed Hornbill,
Bar-Pouched Hornbill
Source: http://www.hornbills.org/wreathe
15


16


17


Blyths Hawk Eagles are all black from above.
The belly and underparts are white barred
with black, and the legs are long and feath-
ered. They have a black head, crest, and beak,
and bright yellow eyes. There are thick white
bands on the undertail and the uppertail.
Feeding: Blyths Hawk Eagles eat small
mammals, birds, lizards, and bats. They hunt
in the air, foraging by circling over the tree
canopy, but have also been recorded taking
poultry from the ground.
Habitat: They live in tropical areas where
there is montane and hilly forest, from 200-
1700 meters above sea level. Island-dwelling
birds prefer denser forest. They are found
found throughout the Malay Peninsula, Suma-
tra, and Sabah.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Accipitriformes
Family Acciptridae
Genus Nisaetus
Species alboniger
Common
Names
Spizaetus alboniger
Source: Blyths Hawk Eagle Spizaetus alboniger, Malaysia,June
2008.
18


Male has dark blackish upper parts with silvery-
azure streak from mantle to rump. It has long,
white neck-flash with rufous tip, white throat, rest
of under parts mostly pale rufous-buff with bold
blue band across chest. Female has rich rufous un-
der parts and lacking breast-band.
Habitat: It is generally sedentary on rocky or slow-
flowing streams and larger rivers running through
forest (usually humid evergreen and back-
mangroves), most commonly in the lowlands.
Feeding: It is predominantly piscivorous (fish-
eating) and also consuming crustaceans, insects and
small reptiles.
Reproductive: During the breeding season, king-
fisher pairs perform a display flight whilst calling.
Source:https://www.flickr.com/photos/wokoti/336
3571867/in/photostream/
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Alcedinidae
Genus Alcedo
Species Alcedo euryzona
Common
Name
Blue-banded King-
fisher
19


Stachyris erythroptera has bluish eyering, thin
dark bill. It has face, throat, breast, and flanks
dirty grey. The upperparts, wings and tail are
chestmut brown. The legs are pale grey to grey-
green.
Habitat: Primary evergreen forest and older sec-
ondary evergreen forest. Also in selectively logged
forest, bamboo brakes, upland heath, peatswamp-
forest or tree plantations.
Feeding: Feeds on insects and also small fruits.
Reproduction: Breeding season from December to
September in Southeast Asia, March to July and
October to November in Borneo, maybe multi-
brooded and partly a social breeder. The nest is a
dome with side entrance made of dead bamboo
and other leaves and dry grasses. Lays 2 - 3 eggs.
Interesting facts: Found at extreme south-
ern Burma and Thailand to peninsu-
lar Malaysia, Sumantra, and Borneo.
Source: http://www.birdforum.net/opus/Chestnut-
winged_Babbler
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Passeriformes
Family Timaliidae
Genus Stachyris
Species Stachyris erythrop-
tera
Common
name
Chestnut-winged
babbler
20


Blackish, dull olive brown above with elongate
chestnut rump plume, dense black markings be-
low, blue or purple orbital skin and rictal area.
Habitat: Found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is
subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Feeding: Invertebrates, including beetles
(Coleoptera) and spiders (Araneae).
Reproduction: Breeding season from March to
September in mainland Asia, March to April in
Sumatra and February and May to September in
Borneo. The nest is a loose cup or globe made of
dry leaves. It's placed near to the ground in the
centre of a small palm or in tangle of creepers and
dead leaves. Lay 3 eggs. It is a resident species.
Interesting facts: Active and noisy foliage
gleaning insectivore. Babblers are shy little forest
birds, never flying further than necessary and pre-
ferring to slip about through the undergrowth
near the ground.
Source: http://orientalbirdimages.org/birdi
mages.php?action=birdspecies& Bird_ID= 1513
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Passeriformes
Family Timaliidae
Genus Stachyris
Species Stachyris maculata
Common name
Chestnut-rumped
Babbler
21


There is not much study have been
done regarding this species. But, physi-
cally this bird have red spot on top of it
head and blue skin surrounded the eyes
with brown feather around the body.
The name came from the behavior of
this species where it can fluff the
feather on its back.
Habitat: The Fl uff y-backed Ti t -
Babbler (Macronus ptilosus) is a species of-
bird in the Timaliidae family. Its natu-
ral habitats are subtropical or tropical moist
lowland forests and subtropical or tropical
swamps.
Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Passeriformes
Family Timaliidae
Genus Macronus
Species Macronus ptilosus
Common
name
Fluffy-backed Tit-
Babbler
22


This bird has slaty grey face, side of breast and
flank washing onto the belly is pale tawny or-
ange, crown slighter darker on upper-parts dark
olive-brown and slightly darker grey under eye
which blends into black moustachial stripe.
Habitat: Found in Peninsular Malaysia, Singa-
pore, and Thailand as well as the islands
of Sumatra and Borneo. The species has been
recorded in a number of different habitat types,
including primary broadleaf evergreen forest,
mature secondary forest, drier parts of peat
swamp forests, stream edges, scrubs, thickets
and overgrown plantations.
Feeding: Their diet includes a variety of insects
including beetles, small grasshoppers and ants.
They often use their feet to grasp prey items and
forage on or just above the ground, usually in
pairs.
Reproduction: Breeding reported from Febru-
ary to September across range. This species has
several batches of young in one breeding season.
Source: http://www.birdforum.net/opus/images/
thumb/4/42/Short-tailed_ Babbler.jpg/550px-
Short-tailed_Babbler.jpg
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Passeriformes
Family Pellorneidae
Genus Malacocincla
Species
Malacocincla ma-
laccensis
Common
name
Short-tailed bab-
bler
23


Habitat: Barbet (Megalaima henricii) is a
species of bird in the Ramphastidae family. It
is found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and
Singapore, and Thailand. Its natu-
ral habitats are subtropical or tropical moist
low land forests and subtropical or tropical
swamps.
Feeding: They primarily feed on fruits, but
will also eat a wide range of insects, such as
ants, cicadas, dragonflies, crickets, locusts,
beetles, moths and mantids.
Breeding: They nest in tree holes and
hens usually lay 2 to 4 eggs, which are in-
cubated for 13 to 15 days.
Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Piciformes
Family Ramphastidae
Genus Megalaima
Species Megalaima henricii
Common
name
Yellow- crowned Bar-
bet
24


The head and body are predominantly greyish-
green, the wings are blackish-grey with yellow
fringes, the under tail is dark chestnut and the legs
are yellow. Chest patch; in the male this is a dark
golden colour, while in the female it is a lighter
yellow.
Habitat: Found throughout the Sundaland re-
gion, that includes the Thai-Malay Peninsula and
the Greater Sunda Islands. It can usually be found
in small flocks, high in the canopy of tall trees.
Reproduction: Copulating, collecting nest mate-
rial and apparently perched on nests, which ap-
pear to be little more than a platform of twigs,
have been recorded in January, April, July, Au-
gust and November, while sightings of birds with
eggs is in January and March.
Behaviour: Believed to spend most of its life in
trees, visiting the ground for short periods only to
swallow grit, which helps its gizzard to grind up
food that it has ingested. It does not appear to be
migratory, although on one occasion a bird was
witnessed making a long distance night-time
Did you know??
The large green pigeon produces a vari-
ety of vocalisations including deep, rich
growling notes and a kak-kak or kwok-
kwok call.
movement, and flocks have been known to
relocate according to fig tree fruiting cycles.
Eating Habit: It is a fig-eating specialist, fa-
vouring fig tree that produce larger fruits,
over ten centimetres.
Source: http:// orientalbirdimages .org/ birdi-
mages.php? action = birdspecies &Bird _
ID=750
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Columbiformes
Family Columbidae
Genus Treron
Species Treron capellei
Common
Name
Large-green pigeon
25


The Red-bearded Bee-eater (Nyctyornis amictus) is
a large species of bee-eater found in the Indo-
Malayan subregion of South-east Asia. Like other
bee-eaters, they are colourful birds with long tails,
long decurved beaks and pointed wings. They pre-
dominantly green, with a red coloration to face
that extends on to the slightly hanging throat
feathers to form the beard.
Habitat: deep forest, usually in the hilly areas of
the lowland forest.
Feeding: Insects, especially bees, wasps and hor-
nets, which are caught in flight from perches con-
cealed in foliage. They hunt alone or in pairs,
rather than in flocks, and sit motionless for long
periods before pursuing their prey.
Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Coraciiformes
Family Meropidae
Genus Nyctyornis
Species Nyctyornis amictus
Common
name
Red-bearded Bee-
eater
26


(trogon is Greek for "nibbling"). The tro-
gons, which are tropical species, have a
worldwide distribution.
Habitat: Its natural habitats are sub-
tropical or tropical moist lowland forests,
subtropical or tropical swamps, and sub-
tropical or tropical moist forests.
Feeding: Primarily insects like bugs, bet-
tles and caterpillars.
The Scarlet-rumped Trogon (Harpactes du-
vaucelii) is a species of bird in the Trogonidae
family. Trogons are named in honor of their
habit of gnawing holes in trees to make nests
Did you know??
Trogons are unique among birds because of
their toe arrangement; they've got two toes
pointing forward and two toes pointing
backward.
Source: Lim Kim Chye, 2010
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Trogoniformes
Family Trogonidae
Genus Harpactes
Species Harpactes duvaucelii
Common
name
Scarlet-rumped Tro-
gon
27


The adult male is glossy black above, with a white
forehead streak that arcs around black cheeks. In
flight the male has white wings underneath with
black barring on the primaries and secondary
flight feathers, and light streaking on
the underwing coverts. There are three white bars
underneath on the otherwise plain black tail. The
adult female is similar to the adult male, except
the tail is longer.
Feeding: This falconet mainly feeds on insects,
including moths , butterflies, dragonflies,
late termites and cicadas, occasional small birds,
and lizards.
Habitat: The typical habitat is forest, forest edge
and wooded open area. It can also frequently be
found around human cultivation, villages, and
and near active slash-and-burn forest clearance;
often by rivers, streams, and paddy fields.
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Falconiformes
Family Falconidae
Genus Microhierax
Species fringillarius
Common
Names
Microhierax fringil-
larius
Source: Black-thighed Falconets Microhierax frin-
gillarius, Malaysia, March 2002.
28


Plain head without lateral crownstripes, greyish
mid-brown forehead, crown and nape, paler and
greyer head side, warm-tinged mid-brown upper-
parts, slightly more rufous-chestnut on rump and
uppertail coverts, upper wing blackish-brown on
inner webs and outer fringes much paler rufescent
brown.
Habitat: Primary evergreen forest, older secon-
dary forest, lightly logged forest and Found from
south Thailand through the Malay Peninsula, lo-
cally on Sumatra, Borneo and Natunas Islands.
Generally uncommon to fairly common in range.
Feeding: Feeds on insects and berries.
Reproduction: Sexes similar, juveniles like
adults. Breeding season April to May in Thailand,
May to July on Borneo. The nest is undescribed.
Source: http://orientalbirdimages.org/images/
data/brown_fulvetta.jpg
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Passeriformes
Family Pellorneidae
Genus Alcippe
Species
Alcippe brunnei-
cauda
Common
name
Brown fulvetta
29


Owing to the adult female in this species being
streaked, the young resemble her closely, but
the wing-coverts of the latter are always edged
with ferruginous. The young male in passing to
the adult stage undergoes the same changes as
the young of the other Yellow Orioles. Occa-
sionally an apparently adult male is found with
black spots on the back and black margins to
the rump-feathers. The legs and feet are plum-
beous blue or very dark plumbeous, the bill
very dark fleshy or pale fleshy brown; the iri-
des crimson.
Source: http://orientalbirdimages.org/images/
data/darkthroated_oriole_070530_cwk.jpg
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Passeriformes
Family Oriolidae
Genus Oriolus
Species
Oriolus xantho-
notus
Common
name
Dark-throated
Oriole
Habitat: Lowland evergreen and swamp
forest and forest edges to 1,220m. Found
in Indochina, Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia,
Malay Peninsula, Brunei, Philip-
pines, Borneo, Indonesia, Greater Sundas,
Sumatra and Java.
Feeding: The diet includes fruit and in-
sects.
Reproduction: Nesting recorded in May in
extreme Thailand (Narathiwat), February
(Perak) and June (Johor) in Peninsular Ma-
laysia.
30


31


G. gallus plumage is gold, red, brown, dark ma-
roon, orange, with a bit of metallic green and
gray. There are also some white and olive feathers.
Two white patches, shaped like an ear, appear on
either side of the head. G. gallus can be distinguish
from other chickens not only by these white
patches, but also by the grayish feet. The red jun-
glefowl can measure up to 70 centimeters in
length. They have a total of fourteen tail feath-
ers. G. gallus rooster tails can be almost 28 centi-
meter in length.
Breeding: In the spring, at the onset of the breed-
ing season, each of the stronger cocks maintains a
territory with three to five hens . Young cocks live
isolated in twos and threes. Experiments shown
that females have the ability to retain or eject
sperm, and that they consistently retain the sperm
of the one or two dominant roosters in the group
and eject others. Hens produce typically four to
six, eggs per clutch, which are incubated for 18 to
20 days.
Feeding: G. gallus is an herbivore and insectivore.
Red jungle fowls eat corn, soybean, worms, grass,
and different kinds of grains found on the
ground.
Habitat: The wild species G. gallus lives in
thick secondary forest. In the morning or eve-
ning, the bird can be found in an open area by
wide earthen tracts or clearing, where the red
jungle fowl finds food. Sometimes G. gallus can
be seen in oil-palm estates.
Source:http://www.arkive.org/red-junglef owl/
gallus-gallus/image-G20688.html
Phylum Chordata
Class Aves
Order Galliformes
Family Phasianidae
Genus Gallus
Species Gallus gallus
C o m mo n
Names
Red Junglefowl
32


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34


Mammals
35


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39


v
40


41


42


43


44


45


46


47


48


49


50


51


The hairless bat is mostly hairless, but does have
short, bristly hairs around its neck, on its front
toes, and around the throat sac, along with fine
hairs on the head and tail membrane.
Habitat: Naked bats roost in hollow trees, caves,
buildings, rock crevices, and holes in the earth.
Feeding: C. torquatus is insectivorous. The diet
primarily consists of termites and other insects,
hunted either over clearings and fields or above
the forest canopy.
Reproduction: C. torquatus usually has two off-
spring. The mammal are positioned near the open-
ing of the pouch, which is present in both sexes
and runs along the sides of the body.
Source: ht t p:/ / l kcnhm. nus. edu. sg/ ni s/
bulletin2009/2009nis215-230.pdf
Interesting facts: A few others also appreciated
this bat as a most remarkable species and
one of the most interesting of the Cheirop-
tera. From a gastronomic perspective, these
bats have also been a source of food for certain
natives, including the Dayaks of Borneo and
the Jakun of Peninsular Malaysia.
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Chiroptera
Family Molossidae
Genus Cheiromeles
Species Cheiromeles tor-
quatus
Common name Hairless bat or
naked bat
52


53


54


55


56


This macaque is characterized by its short,
pig-like tail, smaller in size and has compara-
tively short limbs and face. It possesses a rela-
tively long, uniformly agouti golden-brown
coat, with markings confined only to the
brown crown, buff-coloured cheek whiskers
and the red streak extending from the outer
corner of each eye. A distinct tuft of hair also
exists at the end of the tail.
Reproduction : Mating is initiated by the male,
whose courtship approach involves retracting
the ears and pushing the lips forward. Since
mates are usually familiar with each other
within a group, cercopithecines (guenons, ma-
caques and baboons) typically display only
minimal courtship behaviour, confined to sig-
nals that indicate an immediate readiness to
mate. The young offspring are nursed for 8 to
12 months. Juveniles reach sexual maturity at
around four years.
Feeding: diet mainly on fruits, seeds, young
leaves, buds, shoots, fungus and small animal.
This macaque also has a tendency to raid
crops such as corn, papaya, oil palm and grain,
earning it a reputation as a serious pest over
much of its range.
Habitat : This is a terrestrial animal. It is
diurnal and frugivorous. It occupies lowland
primary and secondary forest, as well as
coastal, swamp and mountainous forest. It
prefers dense rainforest at all elevations.
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order
Primates
Family
Cercopithecidae
Genus
Macaca
Species Macaca nemestrina
Common
Names
Southern pig-tailed macaque
Source: http://tkogut.zenfolio.com/p3464058
73/h29EE2636#h29ee2636
57


M. rajah is medium in size where the upperparts
are brown, darker in the midline, with numerous
stiff gray-brown spines. The underparts are white
with many short, white spines. The white color of
the underparts extend down in a narrow line to
the feet. Above the tail is brown, pale below and
thinly haired.
Habitat: This species is found in primary and dis-
turbed lowland evergreen tropical forest. It is not
present outside of forest areas. This species ranges
from Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and
Singapore to the islands of Sumatra, Borneo and
Java.
Source: http://www.arkive.org/rajah-spiny-rat/maxomys-rajah/
image-G89365.html
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Rodentia
Family Muridae
Genus Maxomys
Species Maxomys rajah
Common name Rajah spiny rat
Feeding: The species are omnivorous, feeding on
fallen fruits and other plants matter, as well as
insects and other invertebrates.
Reproduction: It is monogamous, with each
breeding pair occupying a home range that is
defended against other spiny rats.
58


It is a medium- sized rat. The fur is red-brown
and white-cream. It has spiny fur. The tail slightly
longer but nearly equal to the head and body
length; bicolored: dark above and white beneath.
The hind foot is long and narrow.
Habitat: Maxomys surifer occurs mostly in bushy
areas and sometimes in crops and old cassava
fields.
Feeding: The species are omnivorous, feeding on
fallen fruits and other plants matter, as well as in-
sects and other invertebrates.
Reproduction: Males and females have separate
territories. Males defend their burrows against
other males but females are less aggressive and
their territories frequently overlap.
Source: Ecology Asia from http://www.ecology
asia.com/verts/mammals/red-spiny-rat.htm
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Rodentia
Family Muridae
Genus Maxomys
Species Maxomys surifer
Common name Red spiny rat
Did you know??
Spiny rats play a critical role in the
health of the rainforest of Central and
South America by dispersing the seeds
from a wide variety of trees and other
forest plants through their excretion.
59


This species is large with short, velvety fur,
hence its name. On the head and back, the fur
is darkest, blackish brown in L. perspicillata.
The throat is pale, shading to a paler shade of
the dorsal colour on the belly. No spotting or
streaking is shown in this species. The final
half of the tail is markedly flattened, and the
feet are large, webbed to the last knuckle, with
short, sharp, strong claws. The skull is
rounded, with massive teeth and a short muz-
zle.
Reproduction: They are most likely to breed
between August and December. The gestation
period is 61-65 days. Smooth-coated otters give
birth to and raise their young in a burrow near
water, which they excavate, or tan abandoned
one. The cubs disperse at about 1 year of age.
Sexual maturity is reached at two years.
Feeding : Smooth-coated otters are omnivo-
rous and will eat insects, earthworms, crusta-
ceans, frogs, water rats, turtles, large birds,
and fish. Fish make up 75 to 100% of the diet.
A group of otters has a feeding territory of 7
to 12 square kilometers. A single adult con-
sumes about 1 kg of food per day in captiv-
ity. Habitat: In south-east Asia, rice fields appear to be
one of the most suitable habitats in supporting its viable
populations. But,, they were more abundant in the man-
groves of Kuala Gula, Malaysia.
Source: ht t p:/ / www. bel f ast zoo. co. uk/ web/
Mul t i medi aFi l es/ SMOOTH-COATE DOT-
TER4385_893.JPG
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
Order Carnivora
Family Mustelidae
Genus Lutrogale
Species Lutrogale per-
spicillata
Common
Names
Smooth-Coated
Otter
60


Reptiles
61


62


63


64


65


66


Insect
67


The head of some species is produced into a hollow
process, resembling a snout, which is sometimes in-
flated and nearly as large as the body of the insect,
sometimes elongated, narrow and apically up-
turned. They are mostly of moderate to large size,
many with a superficial resemblance to Lepidoptera
due to their brilliant and varied coloration. The
family Fulgoridae is a large group of hemipteran
insects, usually abundant and diverse in the tropics,
containing over 125 genera worldwide.
Feeding: The lantern bugs feed on fruits and nectar.
It also feeds on plant sap.
Habitat: Rainforests of the world. In Malaysia, most
common areas where Lantern Bug can be found is
surrounding Sungai Enam areas in southern part of
Belum Valley.
Did you know??
Lantern bugs have a variety of
strange markings and extensions
to their snouts. Despite their
name, lantern flies do not emit
light!!
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Carnivora
Family Fulgoridae
Genus Pyrops
Species Pyrops candelaria
68
Source: http://www.thefeaturedcreature.com/2
011/12/rudolph-red-nosed-lantern-bug.html


No. Taxa Order Species Common name
1 Aves Accipitriformes Nisaetus alboniger Spizaetus
alboniger
2 Aves Accipitriformes Nisaetus nanus Wallace's Hawk-
eagle
3 Aves Columbiformes Treron capellei Large-green
pigeon
4 Aves Coraciiformes Aceros corrugatus Wrinkle Hornbill
5 Aves Coraciiformes Aceros
subruficollis
Plain-pouched
Hornbill
6 Aves Coraciiformes Aceros undulatus Wreathed Hornbill
7

Aves Coraciiformes Alcedo euryzona Blue-banded
Kingfisher
8 Aves Coraciiformes Anorrhinus
galeritus
Bushy-crested
hornbill
9 Aves Coraciiformes Antharacoceros
albirostris
Oriental Pied
Hornbill
10 Aves Coraciiformes Anthracoceros
malayanus
Black Hornbill
11 Aves Coraciiformes Berenicornis
comatus
White-crowned
hornbill
12 Aves Coraciiformes Buceros bicornis Enggang Papan
13 Aves Coraciiformes Buceros rhinoceros Rhinoceros
Hornbill
14 Aves Coraciiformes Nyctyornis amictus Red-bearded Bee-
eater
15 Aves Coraciiformes Rhinoplax vigil Burung Tebang
Mentua/Burung
Torak
16 Aves Cuculiformes Centropus
rectunguis
Short-toed Coucal
17 Aves Falconiformes Microhierax
fringillarius
Black-thighed
falconets
18 Aves Galliformes Argusianus argus Great argus
APPENDIX
69


19
Aves Galliformes Gallus gallus Red Junglefowl
20
Aves Gruiformes Heliopais
personatus
Masked Finfoot
21
Aves Passeriformes Alcippe
brunneicauda
Brown fulvetta
22
Aves Passeriformes Macronus ptilosus Fluffy-backed Tit-
Babbler
23
Aves Passeriformes Malacocincla
malaccensis
Short-tailed
Babbler
24
Aves Passeriformes Oriolus
xanthonotus
Dark-throated
Oriole
25
Aves Passeriformes Pycnonotus
zeylanicus
Straw headed
Bulbul
26
Aves Passeriformes Stachyris
erythroptera
Chestnut-winged
babbler
27
Aves Passeriformes Stachyris maculata Chestnut-rumped
Babbler
28
Aves Piciformes Megalaima
henricii
Yellow- crowned
Barbet
29
Aves Trogoniformes Harpactes
duvaucelii
Scarlet-rumped
Trogon
30
Mammali
a
Artiodactyla Bos gaurus Gaur / Seladang
31
Mammali
a
Artiodactyla Rusa unicolor Sambar deer
32
Mammali
a
Carnivora Catopuma
temminckii
Asian Golden Cat
33
Mammali
a
Carnivora Cuon alpinus Dhole
34
Mammali
a
Carnivora Helarctos
malayanus
Malayan Sun
Bear
35
Mammali
a
Carnivora Lutrogale
perspicillata
Smooth-Coated
Otter
36
Mammali
a
Carnivora Panthera tigris
jacksoni
Malayan tiger
37
Mammali
a
Chiroptera Balionycteris
maculata
Spotted-winged
Fruit Bat
38
Mammali
a
Chiroptera Cheiromeles
torquatus
Hairless bat or
naked bat
70


39
Mammalia Chiroptera Dyacopterus
spadiceus
Dayak fruitbat
40
Mammalia Chiroptera Hipposideros
bicolor
Bicolored
Roundleaf Bat
41
Mammalia Chiroptera Kerivoula minuta Leaf forest bat
42
Mammalia Chiroptera Miniopterus
schreibersii
Schreibers Bat
43
Mammalia Chiroptera Murina aenea Bronzed Tube-
Nose Bat
44
Mammalia Chiroptera Pteropus vampyrus Large flying fox
45
Mammalia Perissodactyl
a
Dicerorhinus
sumatrensis
Sumatran
rhinoceros
46
Mammalia Perissodactyl
a
Tapirus indicus Malayan Tapir
47
Mammalia Primates Hylobates agilis Sumatran Agile
Gibbon
48
Mammalia Primates Hylobates lar White-handed
Gibbon
49
Mammalia Primates Hylobates
syndactylus
Malayan Siamang
50
Mammalia Primates Macaca nemestrina Southern pig-tailed
macaque
51
Mammalia Primates Presbytis
melalophos
Mitred Leaf
Monkey
52
Mammalia Proboscidea Elephas maximus Asiatic elephant
53
Mammalia Rodentia Maxomys rajah Rajah spiny rat
54
Mammalia Rodentia Maxomys surifer Red spiny rat
55
Reptiles Testudines Amyda cartilaginea Southeast Asian
soft terrapin
56
Reptiles Testudines Cuora amboinensis Asian box turtle
57
Reptiles Testudines Heosemys spinosa Spiny turtle
58
Reptiles Testudines Manouria emys Asian tortoise
59
Reptiles Testudines Notochelys
platynota
Malayan flat-
shelled turtle
60
Insecta Carnivora Pyrops candelaria Lantern bug
71


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