Flexure and Shear Design of Corbel Bracket

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)
11 - 1

11.1 INTRODUCTION
Corbel or bracket is a reinforced concrete member is a short-haunched cantilever used to support the
reinforced concrete beam element. Corbel is structural element to support the pre-cast structural
system such as pre-cast beam and pre-stressed beam. The corbel is cast monolithic with the column
element or wall element.

This chapter is describes the design procedure of corbel or bracket structure. Since the load from pre-
cast structural element is large then it is very important to make a good detailing in corbel.

11.2 BEHAVIOR OF CORBEL
The followings are the major items show the behavior of the reinforced concrete corbel, as follows :
The shear span/depth ratio is less than 1.0, it makes the corbel behave in two-dimensional
manner.
Shear deformation is significant is the corbel.
There is large horizontal force transmitted from the supported beam result from long-term
shrinkage and creep deformation.
Bearing failure due to large concentrated load.
The cracks are usually vertical or inclined pure shear cracks.
The mode of failure of corbel are : yielding of the tension tie, failure of the end anchorage of the
tension tie, failure of concrete by compression or shearinga and bearing failure.

The followings figure shows the mode of failure of corbel.
CHAPTER
THE FLEXURE AND SHEAR
DESIGN OF CORBEL
(BRACKET)
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11 - 2
Vu Vu
Vu Vu
Nu
DIAGONAL SHEAR SHEAR FRICTION
VERTICAL SPLITING ANCHORAGE SPLITING

FIGURE 11.1 MODES OF FAILURE OF CORBEL

11.3 SHEAR DESIGN OF CORBEL
11.3.1 GENERAL
Since the corbel is cast at different time with the column element then the cracks occurs in the interface
of the corbel and the column. To avoid the cracks we must provide the shear friction reinforcement
perpendicular with the cracks direction.

ACI code uses the shear friction theory to design the interface area.

11.3.2 SHEAR FRICTION THEORY
In shear friction theory we use coefficient of friction to transform the horizontal resisting force
into vertical resisting force.

The basic design equation for shear reinforcement design is :

u n
V V
[11.1]

where :
V
n
=nominal shear strength of shear friction reinforcement
V
u
=ultimate shear force
=strength reduction factor ( =0.85)
)
11 - 3
Vu
Avf fy
Avf fy
SHEAR FRICTION REINFORCEMENT
ASSUMED CRACK
f

FIGURE 11.1 SHEAR FRICTION THEORY

The nominal shear strength of shear friction reinforcement is :

TABLE 11.1 SHEAR FRICTION REINFORCEMENT STRENGTH
VERTICAL
SHEAR FRICTION
REINFORCEMENT
INCLINED
SHEAR FRICTION
REINFORCEMENT
V
n
A
vf
V
n
A
vf

=
y vf n
f A V
=
y
n
vf
f
V
A
=
y
u
vf
f
V
A
( )
f f y vf n
cos sin f A V + =
( )
f f y
n
vf
cos sin f
V
A
+
=

( )
f f y
u
vf
cos sin f
V
A
+

=

where :
V
n
=nominal shear strength of shear friction reinforcement
A
vf
=area of shear friction reinforcement
Fy =yield strength of shear friction reinforcement
=coefficient of friction

TABLE 11.2 COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION
METHOD
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION

Concrete Cast Monolithic 1.4
Concrete Placed Against Roughened
Hardened Concrete
1.0
Concrete Placed Against unroughened
Hardened Concrete
0.6
Concrete Anchored to Structural Steel 0.7
The value of is :
=1.0 normal weight concrete
=0.85 sand light weight concrete
=0.75 all light weight concrete


11 - 4
The ultimate shear force must follows the following condiitons :

( ) d b ' f 2 . 0 V
w c u

( ) d b 50 . 5 V
w u

[11.1]

where :
V
u
=ultimate shear force (N)
f
c
=concrete cylinder strength (MPa)
b
w
=width of corbel section (mm)
d =effective depth of corbel (mm)

11.3.3 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
The followings are the step by step procedure used in the shear design for corbel (bracket), as
follows :
Calculate the ultimate shear force V
u
.
Check the ultimate shear force for the following condition, if the following condition is not achieved
then enlarge the section.
( ) d b ' f 2 . 0 V
w c u

( ) d b 50 . 5 V
w u

Calculate the area of shear friction reinforcement A
vf
.
VERTICAL
SHEAR FRICTION
REINFORCEMENT
INCLINED
SHEAR FRICTION
REINFORCEMENT
V
n
A
vf
V
n
A
vf

=
y vf n
f A V
=
y
n
vf
f
V
A
=
y
u
vf
f
V
A
( )
f f y vf n
cos sin f A V + =
( )
f f y
n
vf
cos sin f
V
A
+
=

( )
f f y
u
vf
cos sin f
V
A
+

=

The design must be follows the basic design equation as follows :
u n
V V

11.4 FLEXURAL DESIGN OF CORBEL
11.4.1 GENERAL
The corbel is design due to ultimate flexure moment result from the supported beam reaction V
u
and
horizontal force from creep and shrinkage effect N
u
.

)
11 - 5
h d
m
i
n

d
/
2
Nuc
Vu
a

FIGURE 11.2 DESIGN FORCE OF CORBEL

11.4.2 TENSION REINFORCEMENT
The ultimate horizontal force acts in the corbel N
uc
is result from the creep and shrinkage effect of the
pre-cast or pre-stressed beam supported by the corbel.
This ultimate horizontal force must be resisted by the tension reinforcement as follows :

y
uc
n
f
N
A
=
[11.2]

where :
A
n
=area of tension reinforcement
N
uc
=ultimate horizontal force at corbel
f
y
=yield strength of the tension reinforcement

Minimum value of N
uc
is 0.2V
uc
.

The strength reduction factor is taken 0.85 because the major action in corbel is dominated by shear.

11.4.3 FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT

dh
a
Nuc
Vu
Ts
Cc
a
j
d

FIGURE 11.3 ULTIMATE FLEXURE MOMENT AT CORBEL

11 - 6
The ultimate flexure moment M
u
result from the support reactions is :

( ) ( ) d h N a V M
uc u u
+ =
[11.3]

where :
M
u
=ultimate flexure moment
V
u
=ultimate shear force
a =distance of V
u
from face of column
N
uc
=ultimate horizontal force at corbel
h =height of corbel
d =effective depth of corbel

The resultant of tensile force of tension reinforcement is :

y f f
f A T =
[11.4]

where :
T
f
=tensile force resultant of flexure reinforcement
A
f
=area of flexure reinforcement
f
y
=yield strength of the flexure reinforcement

The resultant of compressive force of the concrete is :

( ) = cos ba ' f 85 . 0 C
c c

[11.5]

where :
Cc =compressive force resultant of concrete
f
c
=concrete cylinder strength
b =width of corbel
a =depth of concrete compression zone

The horizontal equilibrium of corbel internal force is :

s c
T C 0 H = =
( )
y f c
f A cos ba ' f 85 . 0 =
( )
=
cos b ' f 85 . 0
f A
a
c
y f

[11.6]

The flexure reinforcement area is :

=
2
a
d f
M
A
y
u
f

[11.7]
)
11 - 7
( )

=
2
cos b ' f 85 . 0
f A
d f
M
A
c
y f
y
u
f

Cos value can be calculated based on the Tan value as follows :

a
jd
Tan =
[11.8]

where :
a =distance of V
u
from face of column
jd =lever arm

Based on the equation above we must trial and error to find the reinforcement area A
f
.
For practical reason the equation below can be used for preliminary :

( ) jd f
M
A
y
u
f
=
( ) d 85 . 0 f
M
A
y
u
f
=
[11.9]

where :
A
f
=area of flexural reinforcement
M
u
=ultimate flexure moment at corbel
f
y
=yield strength of the flexural reinforcement

11.4.4 DISTRIBUTION OF CORBEL REINFORCEMENTS
a
dh
Vu
Nuc
(
2
/
3
)
d
2
3
Avf+An As=
Avf
3
Ah=
1
FRAMING
REBAR
d
(
2
/
3
)
d
Ah= Af
2
1
REBAR
FRAMING
a
Af As= +An
Vu
Nuc
CASE 1 CASE 2

FIGURE 11.4 DISTRIBUTION OF CORBEL REINFORCEMENTS


11 - 8
From the last calculation we already find the shear friction reinforcement A
vf
, tension
reinforcement A
n
and flexural reinforcement A
f
. We must calculate the primary tension
reinforcement A
s
based on the above reinforcements.

TABLE 11.3 DISTRIBUTION OF CORBEL REINFORCEMENTS
CLOSED
STIRRUP CASE A
s

PRIMARY
REINFORCEMENT
A
h
LOCATION
1
n vf s
A A
3
2
A +
n vf s
A A
3
2
A + =
vf h
A
3
1
A = d
3
2

2
n f s
A A A +
n f s
A A A + =
f h
A
2
1
A = d
3
2

where :
A
s
=area of primary tension reinforcement
A
vf
=area of shear friction reinforcement
A
n
A
f
=area of flexure reinforcement
A
h
=horizontal closed stirrup

The reinforcements is taken which is larger, case 1 or case 2, the distribution of the reinforcements is
shown in the figure above.

11.4.5 LIMITS OF REINFORCEMENTS
The limits of primary steel reinforcement at corbel design is :

y
c s
f
' f
04 . 0
bd
A
=
[11.10]

where :
A
s
b =width of corbel

The limits of horizontal closed stirrup reinforcement at corbel design is :

( )
n s h
A A 5 . 0 A
[11.11]

where :
A
s
A
n
11.4.6 STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE
The followings are the step by step procedure used in the flexural design for corbel (bracket), as
follows :
)
11 - 9
Calculate ultimate flexure moment M
u
.

( ) ( ) d h N a V M
uc u u
+ =

Calculate the area of tension reinforcement A
n
.

y
uc
n
f
N
A
=
Calculate the area of flexural reinforcement A
f
.

( ) d 85 . 0 f
M
A
y
u
f
=

Calculate the area of primary tension reinforcement A
s
.

CLOSED
STIRRUP CASE A
s

PRIMARY
REINFORCEMENT
A
h
LOCATION
1
n vf s
A A
3
2
A +
n vf s
A A
3
2
A + =
vf h
A
3
1
A = d
3
2

2
n f s
A A A +
n f s
A A A + =
f h
A
2
1
A = d
3
2

Check the reinforcement for minimum reinforcement.

y
c s
f
' f
04 . 0
bd
A
=
( )
n s h
A A 5 . 0 A

11.5 APPLICATIONS
11.5.1 APPLICATION 01 DESIGN OF CORBEL
Vu=150000 N
100
Nuc
4
0
0
200


11 - 10
PROBLEM
Design the flexural and shear friction reinforcement of corbel structure above.

MATERIAL
Concrete strength =K 300
Steel grade =Grade 400
Concrete cylinder strength = 9 . 24 30 83 . 0 ' f
c
= = MPa
85 . 0
1
=
DIMENSION
b =200 mm
h =400 mm
Concrete cover =30 mm
d =370 mm

DESIGN FORCE
150000 V
u
= N
30000 150000 2 . 0 V 2 . 0 N
u uc
= = = N
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 15900000 370 400 30000 100 150000 d h N a V M
uc u u
= + = + = Nmm

LIMITATION CHECKING
( ) ( ) 313242 370 200 9 . 24 2 . 0 85 . 0 d b ' f 2 . 0
w c
= = N
( ) 345950 370 200 5 . 5 85 . 0 d b 5 . 5
w
= = N
( ) ( ) 345950 d b 5 . 5 313242 d b ' f 2 . 0 150000 V
w w c u
= < = < =

SHEAR FRICTION REINFORCEMENT
4 . 1 0 . 1 4 . 1 4 . 1 = = =
315
4 . 1 400
85 . 0
150000
f
V
A
y
u
vf
=
= mm
2

TENSION REINFORCEMENT
88
400 85 . 0
30000
f
N
A
y
uc
n
=
= mm
2

FLEXURAL REINFORCEMENT
( ) ( )
140
370 85 . 0 400 9 . 0
15900000
d 85 . 0 f
M
A
y
u
f
=

=
= mm
2

)
11 - 11
PRIMARY TENSION REINFORCEMENT
CLOSED
STIRRUP
CASE
A
s

(mm
2
)
PRIMARY
REINFORCEMENT
(mm
2
)
A
h

(mm
2
)
LOCATION
(mm)
1
n vf s
A A
3
2
A +
( ) 298 88 315
3
2
A
s
+
298 A
s
=
vf h
A
3
1
A =
( ) 105 315
3
1
A
h
= =
d
3
2

247
2
n f s
A A A +
228 88 140 A
s
+
228 A
s
=

The reinforcement of the corbel are :
298 A
s
= mm
2

105 A
h
= mm
2

CHECK FOR A
S
MINIMUM AND A
S
MAXIMUM
00249 . 0
400
9 . 24
04 . 0
f
' f
04 . 0
y
c
min
= = =
00249 . 0 00402 . 0
370 200
298
bd
A
min
s
= > =
= = OK

( ) ( ) 210 88 298 5 . 0 A A 5 . 0 A
n s min h
= = =
mm
2

210 A 210 A 105 A
h min h h
= = < =

mm
2

The final reinforcement of the corbel are :
298 A
s
= mm
2

210 A
h
= mm
2

CORBEL REINFORCEMENT
A
s

(mm
2
)
A
h

(mm
2
)
A
s
=3D16
603 16
4
1
3 D
4
1
3 A
2 2
s
=
=
A
h
=3(2 Legs D10)
471 10
4
1
2 3 D
4
1
2 3 A
2 2
s
=
=


11 - 12

SKETCH OF REINFORCEMENT

2
4
7
2 LEGS 10
3D16

Flexure and Shear Design of Corbel Bracket

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Flexure and Shear Design of Corbel Bracket

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